| [effects of elevated salt concentrations on growth, sporulation and pigmentation of trichoderma spp]. | on agar media supplemented with nacl (5% = 856 mm), seven trichoderma species aggregates and an isolate intermediate between t. harzianum and t. viride (t. 410) grew more slowly, sporulated poorly, and there was no characteristic pigmentation of the colonies. nacl or kcl concentrations inducing 'albinization' differed with different isolates. cacl2 (90-270 mm) reversed the anti-sporulating effect of nacl (856 mm) on t. 410, and stimulated conidiation in media with no nacl added. gliocladium vire ... | 1977 | 559535 |
| selenocysteyl-trnas recognize uga in beta vulgaris, a higher plant, and in gliocladium virens, a filamentous fungus. | selenocysteyl-trnas that decode uga were previously identified in representatives of three of the five life kingdoms which were the monera, animal and protist kingdoms. in the present study, we show that these trnas also occur in representatives of the two remaining kingdoms, plants and fungi; i.e., selenocysteyl-trnas which code for uga occur in beta vulgaris, a higher plant, and in gliocladium virens, a filamentous fungus. the fact that selenocysteyl-trnas are present in all five life kingdoms ... | 1992 | 1567433 |
| caf-603: a new antifungal carotane sesquiterpene. isolation and structure elucidation. | a new antifungal compound, caf-603, was isolated from the culture broth of gliocladium virens ifo 9166. the structure of compound 1 has been elucidated by spectroscopic methods that also allowed the relative stereochemistry to be assigned. caf-603 [1] was active against yeasts and dermatophytes. | 1990 | 2292685 |
| antagonistic potential of gliocladium virens and trichoderma longibrachiatum to phytopathogenic fungi. | three isolates of gliocladium virens (g1, g2 and g3) and two of trichoderma longibrachiatum (t1 and t2) were screened against isolates of three soilborne plant pathogens namely rhizoctonia solani, sclerotium rolfsii and pythium aphanidermatum. g. virens exhibited stronger hyperparasitism and wider biological spectrum than t. longibrachiatum. further, similarities as well as variation was observed in the ability of the various isolates to invade the test pathogens in dual culture. for the hyperpa ... | 1990 | 2325746 |
| siderophore mediated iron(iii) uptake in gliocladium virens. 1. properties of cis-fusarinine, trans-fusarinine, dimerum acid, and their ferric complexes. | gliocladium virens (atcc 24290) produces two monohydroxamates (cis- and trans-fusarinine) and a dihydroxamate (dimerum acid) as the major siderophores in the culture filtrate. this fungus also produces minor quantities of three trihydroxamates (the deferri forms of ferricrocin, coprogen b, and coprogen). structural features of the free ligands and the metal complexed forms of cis-fusarinine (cf), trans-fusarinine (tf), and dimerum acid (da) have been investigated using electronic (visible), circ ... | 1986 | 2950205 |
| siderophore mediated iron(iii) uptake in gliocladium virens. 2. role of ferric mono- and dihydroxamates as iron transport agents. | the fe(iii) transport properties of the monohydroxamates, cis-fusarinine (cf) and trans-fusarinine (tf), and the dihydroxamate, dimerum acid (da), the major siderophores of the fungus, gliocladium virens atcc 24290, have been investigated using labeled ferric siderophores. fe(cf)3, fe(tf)3 and fe2(da)3 (and also one of the minor trihydroxamates, ferricrocin) transport extracellular 55fe(iii) very efficiently into the fungus. coprogen, another minor trihydroxamate, behaves as a weak fe(iii)-trans ... | 1987 | 2953864 |
| conversion of viridin to viridiol by viridin-producing fungi. | the fungistatic compound viridin, produced by the fungus gliocladium virens, was found to be irreversibly reduced to the phytotoxin viridiol in liquid culture. conversion occurred only in the presence of viridin-producing fungi and was subsequent to viridin production. radiolabelled viridin was rapidly taken up by the mycelium of g. virens and reduced to radiolabelled viridiol, while labelled viridiol was not taken up to any significant extent by the mycelium. reduction of viridin to viridiol wa ... | 1987 | 3447692 |
| formation of phenylalanylserine and cyclo-phenylalanylseryl by protoplasts of gliocladium virens. | | 1980 | 6156101 |
| the structure of gliovirin, a new antibiotic from gliocladium virens. | | 1982 | 6890954 |
| formation of protoplasts from gliocladium virens. | | 1980 | 6967024 |
| a new sesquiterpene antibiotic, heptelidic acid producing organisms, fermentation, isolation and characterization. | a new sesquiterpene antibiotic, heptelidic acid, was found in the culture filtrate of three different strains of fungi isolated from soil samples. these strains were identified as gliocladium virens, chaetomium globosum and trichoderma viride. heptelidic acid was produced by conventional submerged culture and purified by successive column chromatography on silica gel and sephadex lh-20 and finally by preparative tlc on silica gel. the molecular formula of heptelidic acid was determined as c15h20 ... | 1980 | 7191847 |
| expression of organophosphate hydrolase in the filamentous fungus gliocladium virens. | the broad-spectrum organophosphate hydrolase (oph; ec 3.1.8.1) encoded by the organophosphate-degrading gene (opd) from pseudomonas diminuta mg and flavobacterium sp. atcc 27551 possesses capabilities of both p-o bond hydrolysis (e.g. paraoxon) and p-f bond hydrolysis [e.g. sarin and diisopropylfluorophosphate (dfp)]. in the present study a 9.4-kb plasmid, pcl1, was used to transform the saprophytic fungus gliocladium virens. pcl1 was derived from pjs294 by placing the fungal promoter (prom1) fr ... | 1994 | 7764970 |
| potential of genes and gene products from trichoderma sp. and gliocladium sp. for the development of biological pesticides. | fungal cell wall degrading enzymes produced by the biocontrol fungi trichoderma harzianum and gliocladium virens are strong inhibitors of spore germination and hyphal elongation of a number of phytopathogenic fungi. the purified enzymes include chitinolytic enzymes with different modes of action or different substrate specificity and glucanolytic enzymes with exo-activity. a variety of synergistic interactions were found when different enzymes were combined or associated with biotic or abiotic a ... | 1994 | 7866877 |
| electrophoretic free mobility and viability of microbial cells: a preliminary study in preparation for space experiments. | electrophoretic free mobilities (efm) of four fungal spores and five bacterial cells were determined in 7 mm triethanolamine/acetate (tea) buffer by means of microscopic electrophoresis (me) and free flow electrophoresis (ffe). spores of aspergillus terreus, penicillium citrinum, gliocladium virens, and rhizopus oryzae had similar efm from 2.2 to 3.1 microns sec-1/v cm-1. the resolution of the spore mixture by ffe was therefore determined to be poor. bacterial cells of salmonella typhimurium lt2 ... | 1994 | 7880880 |
| synergistic interaction between fungal cell wall degrading enzymes and different antifungal compounds enhances inhibition of spore germination. | different classes of cell wall degrading enzymes produced by the biocontrol fungi trichoderma harzianum and gliocladium virens inhibited spore germination of botrytis cinerea in a bioassay in vitro. the addition of any chitinolytic or glucanolytic enzyme to the reaction mixture synergistically enhanced the antifungal properties of five different fungitoxic compounds against b. cinerea. the chemicals tested were gliotoxin, flusilazole, miconazole, captan and benomyl. dose response curves were det ... | 1994 | 8012584 |
| biolistic transformation of trichoderma harzianum and gliocladium virens using plasmid and genomic dna. | biolistic (biological ballistic) and protoplast-mediated procedures were compared as methods for transforming strains of gliocladium virens and trichoderma harzianum. for biolistic transformation, conidia were bombarded using a helium-driven biolistic device to accelerate m5 tungsten particles coated with plasmid or genomic dna. dna from either source contained a bacterial hygromycin b resistance gene (hygb) as a dominant selectable marker. the same sources of dna were also used to transform pro ... | 1993 | 8252645 |
| l-735,334, a novel sesquiterpenoid potassium channel-agonist from trichoderma virens. | a novel oleic acid ester of the carotane sesquiterpene 14-hydroxy caf-603 was isolated from trichoderma virens grown in a solid brown rice-based medium, a solid millet-based medium, or a mannitol-based liquid medium. its structure was determined on the basis of ms and nmr analysis. it retains distinct biological activity on the high conductance calcium-activated potassium channel, unlike its analogues 14-hydroxy caf-603, caf-603 3-oleate, or caf-603 3-linoleate. | 1995 | 8691204 |
| ca2+-entry blockade by caf603, a carotane sesquiterpene isolated from trichoderma virens. | isometric tension recordings and patch-clamp methods were combined to explore the functional effects and mechanisms of action of 8-daucene-3,4-diol (caf603), a carotane sesquiterpene isolated from the fungus trichoderma virens. caf603 (1-100 microm) inhibited the spontaneous motility of guinea-pig portal vein, duodenum and ileum, and the ca2+-induced tension of depolarized ileum strips. these effects were not antagonized by either iberiotoxin or glyburide. caf603 increased the spontaneous motili ... | 1997 | 9369368 |
| the arg2 gene of trichoderma virens: cloning and development of a homologous transformation system. | the arg2 gene which encodes the small subunit of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase for trichoderma virens has been cloned and used to develop a homologous transformation system. a genomic clone containing the arg2 gene was isolated from a cosmid library of t. virens based on complementation of an arginine auxotrophic mutant of this fungus. the predicted amino acid sequence of the arg2 gene shows 56-82% identity with homologous polypeptides from other fungi. it also contains an upstream open reading ... | 1998 | 9501476 |
| the role of an extracellular chitinase from trichoderma virens gv29-8 in the biocontrol of rhizoctonia solani. | the role of extracellular chitinase in the biocontrol activity of trichoderma virens was examined using genetically manipulated strains of this fungus. the t. virens strains in which the chitinase gene (cht42) was disrupted (ko) or constitutively over-expressed (coe) were constructed through genetic transformation. the resulting transformants were stable and showed patterns similar to the wild-type (wt) strain with respect to growth rate, sporulation, antibiotic production, colonization efficien ... | 1999 | 10022948 |
| biodegradation of pyrene by sediment fungi. | micromycetes were isolated from pahs-contaminated sediment and identified. they were investigated for pyrene degradation (10 mg l-1) in liquid synthetic medium for two days. among the 41 strains isolated, 10 highly degraded pyrene (> 2.4 mg g-1 dry weight): two zygomycetes (mucor racemosus, m. racemosus var. sphaerosporus), 6 deuteromycetes (gliocladium virens, penicillium simplicissimum, p. janthinellum, phialophora alba, p. hoffmannii, trichoderma harzianum), a dematiaceae (scopulariopsis brum ... | 2000 | 10665394 |
| molecular characterization and identification of biocontrol isolates of trichoderma spp. | the most common biological control agents (bcas) of the genus trichoderma have been reported to be strains of trichoderma virens, t. harzianum, and t. viride. since trichoderma bcas use different mechanisms of biocontrol, it is very important to explore the synergistic effects expressed by different genotypes for their practical use in agriculture. characterization of 16 biocontrol strains, previously identified as "trichoderma harzianum" rifai and one biocontrol strain recognized as t. viride, ... | 2000 | 10788356 |
| bioactive carotanes from trichoderma virens. | four new metabolites with carotane skeletons, trichocaranes a (1), b (2), c (3), and d (4), were isolated from trichoderma virens and their structures established by the interpretation of nmr and mass spectroscopic data. the trichocaranes significantly inhibited the growth of etiolated wheat coleoptiles: 40% at 10(-4) m with 1 and 2 and 86% at 10(-3) m with 3. | 2000 | 11000018 |
| peptide synthetase gene in trichoderma virens. | trichoderma virens (synonym, gliocladium virens), a deuteromycete fungus, suppresses soilborne plant diseases caused by a number of fungi and is used as a biocontrol agent. several traits that may contribute to the antagonistic interactions of t. virens with disease-causing fungi involve the production of peptide metabolites (e.g., the antibiotic gliotoxin and siderophores used for iron acquisition). we cloned a 5,056-bp partial cdna encoding a putative peptide synthetase (psy1) from t. virens u ... | 2001 | 11679326 |
| identification of peptaibols from trichoderma virens and cloning of a peptaibol synthetase. | the fungus trichoderma virens is a ubiquitous soil saprophyte that has been applied as a biological control agent to protect plants from fungal pathogens. one mechanism of biocontrol is mycoparasitism, and t. virens produces antifungal compounds to assist in killing its fungal targets. peptide synthetases produce a wide variety of peptide secondary metabolites in bacteria and fungi. many of these are known to possess antibiotic activities. peptaibols form a class of antibiotics known for their h ... | 2002 | 11909873 |
| cloning and characterization of multiple glycosyl hydrolase genes from trichoderma virens. | trichoderma virens is a widely distributed soil fungus that is parasitic on other soil fungi. the mycoparasitic activity of t. virens is correlated with the production of numerous antifungal activities, including the secretion of a considerable repertoire of fungal cell wall-degrading enzymes. here, we report the characterization of a diverse set of chitinase and glucanase genes from t. virens. in each case, full-length genomic clones were isolated and characterized, while sequencing of the corr ... | 2002 | 11919676 |
| biological control of cucumber and sugar beet damping-off caused by pythium ultimum with bacterial and fungal antagonists. | five bacterial strains belonging to bacillus subtilis, pseudomonas fluorescens and ps. corrugata and two fungal strains belonging to trichoderma viride and gliocladium virens were evaluated for their efficacy in controlling sugar beet and cucumber damping-off caused by pythium ultimum. | 2002 | 12010548 |
| interaction between laccaria laccata and trichoderma virens in co-culture and in the rhizosphere of pinus sylvestris grown in vitro. | interactions between the ectomycorrhizal fungus laccaria laccata and the soil fungus trichoderma virens in co-culture and in the rhizosphere of pinus sylvestris seedlings growing in vitro were investigated by light and scanning electron microscopy. the growth of t. virens was inhibited in co-culture. shortened, more branched and sometimes deformed or injured hyphae of t. virens were observed in the zone of inhibition. two-month-old mycorrhizae of p. sylvestris/ l. laccata were inoculated with a ... | 2002 | 12072984 |
| endophytic fungal beta-1,6-glucanase expression in the infected host grass. | mutualistic fungal endophytes infect many grass species and often confer benefits to the hosts such as reduced herbivory by insects and animals. the physiological interactions between the endophytes and their hosts have not been well characterized. fungal-secreted proteins are likely to be important components of the interaction. in the interaction between poa ampla and the endophyte neotyphodium sp., a fungal beta-1,6-glucanase is secreted into the apoplast, and activity of the enzyme is detect ... | 2002 | 12427996 |
| toxicity of (+)- and (-)-gossypol to the plant pathogen, rhizoctonia solani. | the dimeric sesquiterpene gossypol occurs naturally in cottonseed and other parts of the cotton plant. gossypol exists as enantiomers because of the restricted rotation around the central binaphthyl bond. the (-)-enantiomer is toxic to nonruminant animals while the (+)-enantiomer exhibits little, if any, toxicity to these animals. developing cotton plants with low levels of the (-)-gossypol could expand the use of cottonseed as a feed source. gossypol also may play a role in protecting the plant ... | 2002 | 12428953 |
| genetic relatedness of trichoderma sect. pachybasium species based on molecular approaches. | molecular approaches including internal transcribed spacer (its) sequences of ribosomal dna, universal primer polymerase chain reaction (up-pcr) fingerprinting, and dna-dna hybridization were used to study the genetic relatedness of species within trichoderma sect. pachybasium. in the analysis of its and 5.8s sequences of ribosomal dna, parsimony analysis demonstrated that forty-one strains were distributed into five main groups supported by high bootstrap values. the species of trichoderma sect ... | 2002 | 12455615 |
| trichodermamides a and b, cytotoxic modified dipeptides from the marine-derived fungus trichoderma virens. | trichodermamides a (1) and b (2), two modified dipeptides, have been isolated from cultures of the marine-derived fungus trichoderma virens. the trichodermamides possess a rare cyclic o-alkyl-oxime functionality incorporated into a six-membered ring. the structure of trichodermamide b was established by x-ray diffraction analysis, while the structure assignment of trichodermamide a, and determination of the absolute stereochemistry, was accomplished by spectral and chemical methods. trichodermam ... | 2003 | 12662106 |
| genetic and metabolic diversity of trichoderma: a case study on south-east asian isolates. | we have used isolates of trichoderma spp. collected in south-east asia, including taiwan and western indonesia, to assess the genetic and metabolic diversity of endemic species of trichoderma. ninety-six strains were isolated in total, and identified at the species level by analysis of morphological and biochemical characters (biolog system), and by sequence analysis of their internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2 (its1 and 2) of the rdna cluster, using ex-type strains and taxonomically est ... | 2003 | 12684020 |
| in vitro activities of maesa lanceolata extracts against fungal plant pathogens. | in vitro tests were carried out using extracts of maesa lanceolata var. goulungensis weir against a broad range of fungal plant pathogens such as phytophthora cryptogea, trichoderma virens, aspergillus niger, phoma sp., fusarium oxysporium, pythium ultimum, cochliobolus heterostrophus, rhizoctonia solani, sclerotium rolfsii and pyrenophora teres. m. lanceolata extracts were very active against all the pathogens tested except p. ultimum and r. solani. | 2003 | 12727503 |
| tmka, a mitogen-activated protein kinase of trichoderma virens, is involved in biocontrol properties and repression of conidiation in the dark. | trichoderma virens is a mycoparasitic fungus used in biocontrol of soilborne plant pathogens. it inhibits or kills plant-pathogenic fungi through production of antifungal antibiotics and parasitism of hyphae and sclerotia. conidiation, or the production of asexual spores, an inducible process triggered by light or nutrient stress, is an important trait in survival and also development of formulation products. in many fungi, signaling pathways, including mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) ca ... | 2003 | 12796289 |
| expression of the red fluorescent protein dsred-express in filamentous ascomycete fungi. | the recently reported red fluorescent protein dsred from the reef coral discosoma sp. represents a new marker that has been codon-optimized for high expression in mammalian cells. to facilitate expression of dsred in ascomycete fungi, we used the clone pdsred-express (clontech) for constructing a plasmid vector, ppgpd-dsred, containing the constitutive aspergillus nidulans glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (gpd) promoter. this vector was used for co-transformation of penicillium paxilli, trichoderma ha ... | 2003 | 12799012 |
| investigating the role of a verticillium fungicola beta-1,6-glucanase during infection of agaricus bisporus using targeted gene disruption. | studies on the mycopathogen verticillium fungicola have shown the up-regulation of beta-1,6-glucanases when grown in the presence of host cell walls and host cell wall components including chitin. these cell-wall-degrading enzymes are hypothesized to contribute to the pathogenic ability of mycopathogens. a beta-1,6-glucanase gene, vfglu1, showing high similarity to beta-1,6-glucanase genes from hypocrea virens, neotyphodium sp., and trichoderma harzianum, was isolated using degenerate pcr from v ... | 2003 | 12892639 |
| nutritional influence on the ability of fungal mycelia to penetrate toxic metal-containing domains. | metal-contaminated soils often contain a spatially heterogeneous distribution of metal concentrations, and the ability of fungi to colonize such metal-contaminated domains will be influenced by the nutritional resources available. an experimental system based upon tessellated agar tiles was used to study the influence of nutrients upon the ability of soil fungi trichoderma virens and clonostachys rosea to colonize spatially discrete toxic metal (copper and cadmium) containing domains. the growth ... | 2003 | 12967214 |
| homologous expression of a mutated beta-tubulin gene does not confer benomyl resistance on trichoderma virens. | to clone the beta-tubulins and to induce resistance to benzimidazoles in the biocontrol fungus trichoderma virens through site-directed mutagenesis. | 2003 | 12969302 |
| enhanced biocontrol activity of trichoderma through inactivation of a mitogen-activated protein kinase. | the production of lytic enzymes in trichoderma is considered determinant in its parasitic response against fungal species. a mitogen-activated protein kinase encoding gene, tvk1, from trichoderma virens was cloned, and its role during the mycoparasitism, conidiation, and biocontrol was examined in tvk1 null mutants. these mutants showed a clear increase in the level of the expression of mycoparasitism-related genes under simulated mycoparasitism and during direct confrontation with the plant pat ... | 2003 | 14673101 |
| role of two g-protein alpha subunits, tgaa and tgab, in the antagonism of plant pathogens by trichoderma virens. | g-protein alpha subunits are involved in transmission of signals for development, pathogenicity, and secondary metabolism in plant pathogenic and saprophytic fungi. we cloned two g-protein alpha subunit genes, tgaa and tgab, from the biocontrol fungus trichoderma virens. tgaa belongs to the fungal galphai class, while tgab belongs to the class defined by gna-2 of neurospora crassa. we compared loss-of-function mutants of tgaa and tgab with the wild type for radial growth, conidiation, germinatio ... | 2004 | 14711686 |
| functional analysis of tvsp1, a serine protease-encoding gene in the biocontrol agent trichoderma virens. | serine proteases are highly conserved among fungi and considered to play a key role in different aspects of fungal biology. these proteases can be involved in development and have been related to pathogenesis or biocontrol processes. a gene (tvsp1) encoding an extracellular serine protease was cloned from trichoderma virens, a biocontrol agent effective against soilborne fungal pathogens. the gene was expressed in escherichia coli and a polyclonal antibody was raised against the recombinant prot ... | 2004 | 14761794 |
| an immunological approach to quantifying the saprotrophic growth dynamics of trichoderma species during antagonistic interactions with rhizoctonia solani in a soil-less mix. | studies of the saprotrophic growth dynamics of trichoderma species and their fungal hosts during antagonistic interactions are severely hampered by the absence of methods that allow the unambiguous identification and quantification of individual genera in complex environments such as soil or compost containing mixed populations of fungi. furthermore, methods are required that allow discrimination between active hyphal growth and other components of fungal biomass such as quiescent spores that ar ... | 2004 | 15008811 |
| evaluation of trichoderma spp. for biocontrol of tomato sudden caused by pythium aphanidermatum following flooding in tropical hot season. | tomato sudden death is a major problem in tomato production in tropical lowland areas. the plant wilts and dies following artificial or natural flooding for 48-72 hrs in the summer season. occurrence of this disease is related to aggressiveness of pythium aphanidermatum on tomato at high soil temperature (>30 degrees c). several methods such as using biological control agents, fungicides and other cultural practices were applied in attempts to control tomato sudden death. three trichoderma harzi ... | 2003 | 15151279 |
| modelling the growth of trichoderma virens with limited sampling of digital images. | using limited digital image sampling, a model of fungal growth in soil that considers both hyphal production and lysis was constructed for two strains of trichoderma virens over a range of four temperatures. | 2004 | 15281928 |
| bioremediation of paper and pulp mill effluents. | pulp and paper mill effluents pollute water, air and soil, causing a major threat to the environment. several methods have been attempted by various researchers throughout the world for the removal of colour from pulp and paper mill effluents. the biological colour removal process uses several classes of microorganisms--bacteria, algae and fungi--to degrade the polymeric lignin derived chromophoric material. white rot fungi such as phanerochaete chrysosporium, corius versicolor, trametes versico ... | 2003 | 15332490 |
| cloning and expression of a novel trichoderma viride laminarinase ai gene (lamai). | the gene lamai, which encodes a novel laminarinase ai of trichoderma viride u-1, was cloned using rt-pcr in conjunction with the rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) technique. the open reading frame consisted of 2,277 bp encoding a protein of 759 amino acid residues, including a 32-residue signal prepropeptide. the protein showed 91% sequence similarity to the putative trichoderma virens beta-1,3-glucanase bgn1, but no significant similarity to fungal beta-1,6-glucanases or beta-1,3-glucanas ... | 2004 | 15502357 |
| trichoderma spp. antagonism to the dermatophyte trichophyton rubrum: implications in treatment of onychomycosis. | onychomycosis--the dermatophytic invasion of the nail--is difficult to eradicate with drug treatment. the hyphae of the main invading pathogen, trichophyton rubrum, are often interwoven with the nail plate, preventing effective anti-mycotic agents from reaching its growing tips. an alternative approach to treat onychomycosis may possibly be the application of a biological control agent against the pathogen. in analogy with the success of biocontrol of phytopathogenic fungi, we screened a series ... | 2004 | 15518345 |
| production of gliotoxin on natural substrates by trichoderma virens. | gliotoxin, an epithiodiketopiperazine toxin produced by the "q" strain of trichoderma virens, is essential for curtailing growth and multiplication of phytopathogens (howell et al. 1993, fravel 1988). three isolates (gv, gv-a and gv-v) of trichoderma virens were grown on natural substrates such as bengal gram hull, gingelly cake, green gram hull, rice bran, soya meal, sugarcane bagasse, soyameal + tapioca, tapioca powder, tapioca peel and wheat bran). it was evident from this study that maximum ... | 2005 | 15678558 |
| levels of common antigens in determining pathogenicity of curvularia eragrostidis in different tea varieties. | pathogenicity of curvularia eragrostidis, a foliar fungal pathogen of tea was studied in 24 commercially cultivated tea varieties by analysing the antigenic patterns of host and pathogen with the help of immunoserological techniques. | 2005 | 15836477 |
| tricalcium phosphate solubilizing abilities of trichoderma spp. in relation to p uptake and growth and yield parameters of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.). | nine isolates of trichoderma spp. were investigated for their ability to solubilize insoluble phosphate in pikovskaya's broth and were compared with an efficient phosphate-solubilizing bacterium bacillus megaterium subsp. phospaticum pb that was used as the reference strain. all 9 trichoderma isolates were found to solubilize insoluble tricalcium phosphate to various extents. trichoderma viride (tv 97) (9.03 microg x ml(-1)), trichoderma virens (pdbctvs 12) (9.0 microg x ml(-1)), and trichoderma ... | 2005 | 15920619 |
| multiple non-ribosomal peptide synthetase genes determine peptaibol synthesis in trichoderma virens. | trichoderma virens, an imperfect fungus, is used as a biocontrol agent to suppress plant disease caused by soilborne fungal pathogens. antimicrobial peptides it produces include peptaibols of 11, 14, and 18 amino acids in length. these peptaibols were previously reported to be synthesized by a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (nrps) encoded by the tex1 gene in strain tv29-8. the present study examined the tex1 homolog in a commercially relevant t. virens strain, g20. although the gene in g20 was ... | 2005 | 16088338 |
| [endophytic fungi in rose (rosa hybrida) in bogota, colombia]. | we have investigated the presence of endophytic fungi associated with rose plants (rosa hybrida) in colombia. endophytic fungi were isolated from healthy leaves of ten ornamental roses plants from gardens cultured in malt extract, peptone, yeast extract agar plates (mpy). we sampled 560 leaves fragments, 56 per sample. endophytic fungi comprised 92 isolates (16.4%); of these isolates, 41 were classified as sterile mycelium (without reproductive structures that allowed their identification), 31 i ... | 2005 | 16107167 |
| trichoderma mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling is involved in induction of plant systemic resistance. | the role of a mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) tmka in inducing systemic resistance in cucumber against the bacterial pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. lacrymans was investigated by using tmka loss-of-function mutants of trichoderma virens. in an assay where trichoderma spores were germinated in proximity to cucumber roots, the mutants were able to colonize the plant roots as effectively as the wild-type strain but failed to induce full systemic resistance against the leaf pathogen. inter ... | 2005 | 16204544 |
| a quantitative bioassay for extracellular metabolites that antagonize growth of filamentous fungi, and its use with biocontrol fungi. | a bioassay and an empirically derived formula were developed to quantify fungitoxic effects. this bioassay can be easily performed and objectively read, and it is suitable for low-volume samples originating from aqueous or organic solvents. the formula defines the inhibition index (i), a single value that incorporates both the response to concentrations of the inhibitory compound and the persistence of inhibition. antagonistic efficacy of metabolites produced by biocontrol strains of trichoderma ... | 1997 | 16284807 |
| genetic transformation of the biocontrol fungus gliocladium virens to benomyl resistance. | methodology was developed to isolate and regenerate protoplasts from the biocontrol fungus gliocladium virens and to transform them to benomyl resistance with a neurospora crassa beta-tubulin gene. southern blots demonstrated that multiple copies of the vector integrated into the chromosomal dna of stable biotypes but not of abortive transformants. analysis of nuclear condition in vegetative and asexual structures demonstrated that no structure of g. virens is dependably uninucleate and thus pre ... | 1990 | 16348312 |
| production of extracellular proteins by the biocontrol fungus gliocladium virens. | gliocladium virens is a common saprophytic fungus that is mycoparasitic on a large number of fungi. responses of g. virens toward its environment were examined by monitoring the presence of extracellular proteins in culture fluid during time course experiments. culture fluid of g. virens grown on glucose, washed cell walls of rhizoctonia solani (one of its hosts), olive oil, or chitin contained beta-glucanase, n-acetylglucosaminidase, lipase, and proteinase activities. there were relatively mino ... | 1993 | 16348848 |
| histopathological studies of sclerotia of phytopathogenic fungi parasitized by a gfp transformed trichoderma virens antagonistic strain. | the gfp gene from the jellyfish aequorea victoria, coding for the green fluorescent protein (gfp), was used as a reporter gene to transform a trichoderma virens strain i10, characterized as having a promising biocontrol activity against a large number of phytopathogenic fungi. on the basis of molecular and biological results, a stable gfp transformant was selected for further experiments. in order to evaluate the effects of gfp transformation on mycoparasitic ability of t. virens i10, sclerotia ... | 2006 | 16388938 |
| isolation, identification and seasonal distribution of soilborne fungi in tea growing areas of iyidere-ikizdere vicinity (rize-turkey). | this study involves the isolation and identification of soil borne fungi from different altitudes of iyidere-ikizdere vicinity in rize, turkey. the qualitative and quantitative fungal composition of the soil of iyidere-ikizdere vicinity was surveyed seasonally during a year (between summer 2003 and spring 2004). the soil samples were collected from 10 different locations. some physical and chemical properties of the soil samples were studied. soil samples were observed to have the proper ph leve ... | 2006 | 16721881 |
| a secondary metabolite biosynthesis cluster in trichoderma virens: evidence from analysis of genes underexpressed in a mutant defective in morphogenesis and antibiotic production. | a transcriptional comparison of wild type and a secondary metabolite deficient trichoderma virens mutant resulted in the identification of six genes similar to those involved in secondary metabolism in other fungi, including four cytochrome p450 genes, one o-methyl transferase and one terpene cylase. four of the genes (three cytochrome p450s and the cyclase) are located as a cluster. transcript levels of three of the p450 genes, the o-methyl transferase and the terpene cyclase were measured. the ... | 2006 | 16804721 |
| sm1, a proteinaceous elicitor secreted by the biocontrol fungus trichoderma virens induces plant defense responses and systemic resistance. | the soilborne filamentous fungus trichoderma virens is a biocontrol agent with a well-known ability to produce antibiotics, parasitize pathogenic fungi, and induce systemic resistance in plants. even though a plant-mediated response has been confirmed as a component of bioprotection by trichoderma spp., the molecular mechanisms involved remain largely unknown. here, we report the identification, purification, and characterization of an elicitor secreted by t. virens, a small protein designated s ... | 2006 | 16903350 |
| tvbgn3, a beta-1,6-glucanase from the biocontrol fungus trichoderma virens, is involved in mycoparasitism and control of pythium ultimum. | even though beta-1,6-glucanases have been purified from several filamentous fungi, the physiological function has not been conclusively established for any species. in the present study, the role of tvbgn3, a beta-1,6-glucanase from trichoderma virens, was examined by comparison of wild-type (wt) and transformant strains in which tvbgn3 was disrupted (gko) or constitutively overexpressed (goe). gene expression analysis revealed induction of tvbgn3 in the presence of host fungal cell walls, indic ... | 2006 | 16997978 |
| mrsp1, encoding a novel trichoderma secreted protein, is negatively regulated by mapk. | a novel gene, mrsp1 (map kinase repressed secreted protein 1) is strongly overexpressed in the tmka mapk mutant of the biocontrol fungus trichoderma virens. transcriptional regulation of mrsp1 is determined by presence or absence of tmka, rather than by light or sporulation, making it a molecular marker for the unusual, negative, regulation by tmka. the predicted protein is 15.9 kda, has a secretory signal, and the four-cysteine pattern, c-x29-cp(g)c-x31-c, may define a new cysteine-rich motif. ... | 2006 | 17027919 |
| enhanced fungal resistance in transgenic cotton expressing an endochitinase gene from trichoderma virens. | mycoparasitic fungi are proving to be rich sources of antifungal genes that can be utilized to genetically engineer important crops for resistance against fungal pathogens. we have transformed cotton and tobacco plants with a cdna clone encoding a 42 kda endochitinase from the mycoparasitic fungus, trichoderma virens. plants from 82 independently transformed callus lines of cotton were regenerated and analysed for transgene expression. several primary transformants were identified with endochiti ... | 2003 | 17166131 |
| generation, annotation, and analysis of ests from four different trichoderma strains grown under conditions related to biocontrol. | the functional genomics project "trichoest" was developed focused on different taxonomic groups of trichoderma with biocontrol potential. four cdna libraries were constructed, using similar growth conditions, from four different trichoderma strains: trichoderma longibrachiatum t52, trichoderma asperellum t53, trichoderma virens t59, and trichoderma sp. t78. in this study, we present the analysis of the 8,160 expressed sequence tags (ests) generated. each est library was independently assembled a ... | 2007 | 17333173 |
| influence of autoclaved saprotrophic fungal mycelia on proteolytic activity in ectomycorrhizal fungi. | the production of proteolytic enzymes by several strains of ectomycorrhizal fungi i.e., amanita muscaria (16-3), laccaria laccata (9-12), l. laccata (9-1), suillus bovinus (15-4), suillus bovinus (15-3), suillus luteus (14-7) on mycelia of trichoderma harzianum, trichoderma virens and mucor hiemalis and sodium caseinate, yeast extract was evaluated. the strains of a. muscaria (16-3) and l. laccata (9-12) were characterized by the highest activity of the acidic and neutral proteases. taking the m ... | 2007 | 17333458 |
| screening of bioagents against root rot of mung bean caused by rhizoctonia solani. | a laboratory and green house experiment was carried out on the comparative antagonistic performance of four different bioagents (aspergillus sp. gliocladium virens, trichoderma harzianum and t. viride) isolated from soil against rhizoctonia solani. under laboratory conditions, t. harzianum exhibited maximum (75.55%) mycelial growth inhibition of r. solani. this was followed by t. viride, which showed 65.93% mycelial growth inhibition of the pathogen. gliocladium virens was also found to be effec ... | 2006 | 17390853 |
| effect of fluorescent pseudomonades and trichoderma sp. and their combination with two chemicals on penicillium digitatum caused agent of citrus green mold. | citrus green mold (penicillium digitatum) causes economic losses. chemical fungicides such as imazalil provide the primary means for controlling green mold decay of citrus fruits. continuous use of fungicides has faced two major obstacles- increasing public concern regarding contamination of perishables with fungicidal residues, and proliferation of resistance in the pathogen populations. the aim of this research was to determine if the attacks of green mold on orange could be reduced by usage o ... | 2006 | 17390894 |
| 9-epi-viridiol, a novel cytotoxic furanosteroid from soil fungus trichoderma virens. | a novel furanosteroid named 9-epi-viridiol (1), along with viridiol (2) and mevalonic acid (3), was isolated from trichoderma virens. the structure of 1 was verified by combined spectroscopic data (cosy, hsqc, hmbc and noesy) to be a c-9 epimer of viridiol. 9-epi-viridiol exhibited cytotoxicity towards hela and kb cells with ic50 values of 19 and 50 microg ml(-1), respectively. | 2006 | 17393658 |
| camp signalling is involved in growth, germination, mycoparasitism and secondary metabolism in trichoderma virens. | an adenylate-cyclase-encoding gene, tac1, of trichoderma virens, a soil fungus used in the biocontrol of plant pathogens, has been cloned and sequenced. the tac1 orf spanned 7032 bp, encoding a protein of 2153 aa, which shared an identity of 65 % with the adenylate cyclase of colletotrichum lagenarium. deletion of tac1, through double-crossover homologous recombination, lowered the intracellular camp levels to below the detection limit. the mutants showed only 5-6 % of the wild-type growth rate ... | 2007 | 17526831 |
| the heterologous overexpression of hsp23, a small heat-shock protein gene from trichoderma virens, confers thermotolerance to t. harzianum. | an est showing high values of identity with genes coding for small heat shock proteins (shsps) was selected from an est library collection of trichoderma virens t59. the cdna gene (hsp23) with a sequence size of 645 bp long was amplified by pcr. the expression of this gene was evaluated in cultures grown at temperatures ranging from 4 to 41 degrees c. an increased level of expression was detected when the fungus was grown at extreme temperatures (4, 10 or 41 degrees c). a high-expression level w ... | 2007 | 17581753 |
| the map kinase tvk1 regulates conidiation, hydrophobicity and the expression of genes encoding cell wall proteins in the fungus trichoderma virens. | mitogen-activated protein (map) kinases modulate morphological and genetic processes, which determine cell fate. the tvk1 gene encodes a map kinase of trichoderma virens and its deletion promotes an unusual conidiation phenotype in submerged culture. here, it is reported that the morphology, physiology and expression of genes encoding cell wall proteins from trichoderma are significantly affected by tvk1. morphological changes were evident in the cell walls of aerial conidia produced by a mapk n ... | 2007 | 17600058 |
| screening of bioagents against root rot of mung bean caused by rhizoctonia solani. | a laboratory and green house experiment was carried out on the comparative antagonistic performance of four different bioagents (aspergillus sp., gliocladium virens, trichoderma harzianum and t. viride) isolated from soil against rhizoctonia solani. under laboratory conditions, t. harzianum exhibited maximum (75.55%) mycelial growth inhibition of r. solani this was followed by t. viride, which showed 65.93 per cent mycelial growth inhibition of the pathogen. gliocladium virens was also found to ... | 2006 | 17612349 |
| a proteinaceous elicitor sm1 from the beneficial fungus trichoderma virens is required for induced systemic resistance in maize. | we have previously shown that the beneficial filamentous fungus trichoderma virens secretes the highly effective hydrophobin-like elicitor sm1 that induces systemic disease resistance in the dicot cotton (gossypium hirsutum). in this study we tested whether colonization of roots by t. virens can induce systemic protection against a foliar pathogen in the monocot maize (zea mays), and we further demonstrated the importance of sm1 during maize-fungal interactions using a functional genomics approa ... | 2007 | 17885089 |
| intact-cell maldi-tof mass spectrometry analysis of peptaibol formation by the genus trichoderma/hypocrea: can molecular phylogeny of species predict peptaibol structures? | peptaibols are characteristic linear alpha-aminoisobutyrate-containing peptides produced by certain ascomycetes, especially of the genus hypocrea/trichoderma [hypocrea and trichoderma are the names for the teleo- and anamorph forms of the same taxon; where known to occur in nature, the teleomorph is used to name the species. to aid the inexperienced reader, both names (the less well known one in parentheses) are given at the first mention of each species.] here we have investigated whether phylo ... | 2007 | 17906141 |
| competitiveness of a genetically engineered strain of trichoderma virens. | the intraspecific competitiveness of a genetically engineered strain of trichoderma virens was assessed relative to the non-transformed, progenitor strain and an isogenic, auxotrophic strain using a replacement series design. the transformed strain was less fit, but appeared more competitive than the wild type or the auxotroph in this assay. to validate this finding and to evaluate the ability of a strain to establish in an environment occupied by a competitor another experimental approach was d ... | 2008 | 18421571 |
| [cloning of beta-1,3-glucanase gene from trichoderma virid ltr-2 and its expression in pichia pastoris]. | text we designed a pair of primers according to fungal glucanase genes obtained from genbank and cloned a novel beta-1,3-glucanase gene (glu) from trichoderma virid ltr-2 cdna by pcr. then we linked the fragment with pmd18-t vector and sequenced it. the sequence analysis indicated that glu was composed of 2289 nucleotide residues. the fragment contained an open reading frame coding 762 amino acids and was similar to previous reports. translated amino acids sequence of glu contained two conservat ... | 2008 | 18438008 |
| dimerization controls the activity of fungal elicitors that trigger systemic resistance in plants. | the soilborne fungus trichoderma virens secretes a small protein (sm1) that induces local and systemic defenses in plants. this protein belongs to the ceratoplatanin protein family and is mainly present as a monomer in culture filtrates. however, hypocrea atroviride (the telomorph form of trichoderma atroviride) secretes an sm1-homologous protein, epl1, with high levels of dimerization. nonetheless, the molecular mechanisms involved in recognition and the signaling pathways involved in the induc ... | 2008 | 18487198 |
| effect of agitation and aeration rates on chitinase production using trichoderma virens ukm1 in 2-l stirred tank reactor. | shrimps have been a popular raw material for the burgeoning marine and food industry contributing to increasing marine waste. shrimp waste, which is rich in organic compounds is an abundant source of chitin, a natural polymer of n-acetyl-d-glucosamine (glunac), a reducing sugar. for this respect, chitinase-producing fungi have been extensively studied as biocontrol agents. locally isolated trichoderma virens ukm1 was used in this study. the effect of agitation and aeration rates using colloidal ... | 2008 | 18633736 |
| conidia of trichoderma virens as a phosphorus source for mycorrhizal pinus sylvestris seedlings. | in this study, the mobilization and further translocation of phosphorus from conidia of saprotrophic fungus trichoderma virens into pinus sylvestris seedlings by nondestructive measuring of (32)p was assessed. the radioactive phosphorus flux from the conidia to the scots pine seedlings forming mycorrhiza with laccaria laccata and suillus bovinus amounted up to 27.82% and 7.42%, respectively, on the 28th day of the experiment, while at the same time in nonmycorrhizal pine seedlings, the detected ... | 2008 | 18807257 |
| enhanced sheath blight resistance in transgenic rice expressing an endochitinase gene from trichoderma virens. | the 42-kda endochitinase (cht42) gene from the mycoparasitic fungus, trichoderma virens, driven by camv 35s promoter, was introduced into rice by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. eight transgenic plants harboring single copies of complete t-dna were identified by southern blot analysis. homozygous transgenic plants were identified for five lines in the t(1) generation by southern blot analysis. homozygous t(2) plants constitutively accumulated high levels of the cht42 transcript, showed 2. ... | 2009 | 18923909 |
| cotton seedling preemergence damping-off incited by rhizopus oryzae and pythium spp. and its biological control with trichoderma spp. | abstract planting the cotton cv. sure-grow 747 in cotton seedling disease plots during the 2001 growing season resulted in high levels of preemergence damping-off among the seedlings. four cotton pathogens, pythium aphanidermatum, p. ultimum, an unidentified pythium sp., and rhizopus oryzae, were isolated from diseased seed embryos and seedlings. disease incited by the pythium spp. could be controlled by seed treatment with metalaxyl, but disease incited by r. oryzae could not. seed treatment wi ... | 2002 | 18943091 |
| elicitors of plant defense responses from biocontrol strains of trichoderma viren. | abstract effective biocontrol strains of trichoderma virens can induce the production of defense-related compounds in the roots of cotton. ineffective strains do not induce these compounds to significant levels. this elicittation was found to be heat stable, insoluble in chloroform, passed through a 5k molecular weight cut-off (mwco) filter, but not a 3k mwco filter, and was sensitive to treatment by proteinase k. when the active material was subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide ge ... | 2004 | 18943540 |
| understanding the mechanisms employed by trichoderma virens to effect biological control of cotton diseases. | | 2006 | 18943921 |
| induction of terpenoid synthesis in cotton roots and control of rhizoctonia solani by seed treatment with trichoderma virens. | abstract research on the mechanisms employed by the biocontrol agent trichoderma virens to suppress cotton (gossypium hirsutum) seedling disease incited by rhizoctonia solani has shown that mycoparasitism and antibiotic production are not major contributors to successful biological control. in this study, we examined the possibility that seed treatment with t. virens stimulates defense responses, as indicated by the synthesis of terpenoids in cotton roots. we also examined the role of these terp ... | 2000 | 18944616 |
| growth evaluation of an antagonistic trichoderma virens isolate by using a bod oxitop respirometric apparatus. | | 2008 | 19029773 |
| trichoderma virens, a plant beneficial fungus, enhances biomass production and promotes lateral root growth through an auxin-dependent mechanism in arabidopsis. | trichoderma species belong to a class of free-living fungi beneficial to plants that are common in the rhizosphere. we investigated the role of auxin in regulating the growth and development of arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings in response to inoculation with trichoderma virens and trichoderma atroviride by developing a plant-fungus interaction system. wild-type arabidopsis seedlings inoculated with either t. virens or t. atroviride showed characteristic auxin-related phenotypes, incl ... | 2009 | 19176721 |
| plantago lanceolata and plantago rugelii extracts are toxic to meloidogyne incognita but not to certain microbes. | extracts from the plants plantago lanceolata and p. rugelii were evaluated for toxicity to the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita, the beneficial microbes enterobacter cloacae, pseudomonas fluorescens and trichoderma virens, and the plant-pathogenic fungi fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli, phytophthora capsici, pythium ultimum, and rhizoctonia solani. wild plants were collected, roots were excised from shoots, and the plant parts were dried and ground to a powder. one set of extracts (10% ... | 2006 | 19259537 |
| population development and influence of bursaphelenchus xylophilus on gliocladium virens. | gliocladium virens was isolated from slash pine trees symptomatic and asymptomatic for pine wilt disease with frequencies of 24% and 10%, respectively. populations of bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the nematode incitant of this disease, reproduced on this fungus and inhibited its growth. growth inhibition of the fungus was characterized by an absence of sporulation and by the formation of chains of dark, thick-walled, chlamydospore-like cells. population increase during a 12-day period following in ... | 1985 | 19294061 |
| genetic and metabolic biodiversity of trichoderma from colombia and adjacent neotropic regions. | the genus trichoderma has been studied for production of enzymes and other metabolites, as well as for exploitation as effective biological control agents. the biodiversity of trichoderma has seen relatively limited study over much of the neotropical region. in the current study we assess the biodiversity of 183 isolates from mexico, guatemala, panama, ecuador, peru, brazil and colombia, using morphological, metabolic and genetic approaches. a comparatively high diversity of species was found, c ... | 2009 | 19439189 |
| defense-related gene expression and enzyme activities in transgenic cotton plants expressing an endochitinase gene from trichoderma virens in response to interaction with rhizoctonia solani. | there are many reports on obtaining disease-resistance trait in plants by overexpressing genes from diverse organisms that encode chitinolytic enzymes. current study represents an attempt to dissect the mechanism underlying the resistance to rhizoctonia solani in cotton plants expressing an endochitinase gene from trichoderma virens. several assays were developed that provided a powerful demonstration of the disease protection obtained in the transgenic cotton plants. transgene-dependent endochi ... | 2009 | 19444464 |
| cytoskeleton and mitochondrial morphology of saprotrophs and the pathogen heterobasidion annosum in the presence of suillus bovinus metabolites. | ectomycorrhizal fungi are known to synthesize antifungal compounds both in vitro and in symbiosis with the host-plants. culture filtrates of the ectomycorrhizal fungus suillus bovinus (at phs of 2.5-6) showed antifungal activity towards saprotrophs trichoderma harzianum, and trichoderma virens and the pathogen heterobasidion annosum, by significantly suppressing their growth relative to sterile liquid medium at the same phs. in the presence of the culture filtrates, hyphae of the saprotrophs and ... | 2009 | 19539761 |
| plant-derived sucrose is a key element in the symbiotic association between trichoderma virens and maize plants. | fungal species belonging to the genus trichoderma colonize the rhizosphere of many plants, resulting in beneficial effects such as increased resistance to pathogens and greater yield and productivity. however, the molecular mechanisms that govern the recognition and association between trichoderma and their hosts are still largely unknown. in this report, we demonstrate that plant-derived sucrose (suc) is an important resource provided to trichoderma cells and is also associated with the control ... | 2009 | 19675155 |
| histopathological studies of sclerotia of rhizoctonia solani parasitized by the egfp transformant of trichoderma virens. | the aim of the study was to investigate the antagonistic interactions of trichoderma species against rhizoctonia solani sclerotia by enhanced green fluorescence protein (egfp)-tagged transformant of trichoderma virens ty009. | 2009 | 19843210 |
| trichoderma biocontrol: signal transduction pathways involved in host sensing and mycoparasitism. | fungi of the genus trichoderma are used as biocontrol agents against several plant pathogenic fungi like rhizoctonia spp., pythium spp., botrytis cinerea and fusarium spp. which cause both soil-borne and leaf- or flower-borne diseases of agricultural plants. plant disease control by trichoderma is based on complex interactions between trichoderma, the plant pathogen and the plant. until now, two main components of biocontrol have been identified: direct activity of trichoderma against the plant ... | 2007 | 19936091 |
| tvdim1 of trichoderma virens is involved in redox-processes and confers resistance to oxidative stresses. | the evolutionarily conserved dim1 proteins belong to the trx fold superfamily. an est showing high identity values with genes coding for dim1 proteins was selected from an est library collection of trichoderma virens t59. here, we report the cloning, characterization, and functional analysis of a t. virens t59 tvdim1 gene. the tvdim1 gene, with a sequence size of 614 bp, was pcr-amplified and found to contain three introns. the tvdim1 gene was present as a single copy in the t. virens genome and ... | 2010 | 19998038 |
| molecular modeling of the reductase domain to elucidate the reaction mechanism of reduction of peptidyl thioester into its corresponding alcohol in non-ribosomal peptide synthetases. | nonribosomal peptide synthetases (nrpss) are multienzymatic, multidomain megasynthases involved in the biosynthesis of pharmaceutically important nonribosomal peptides. the peptaibol synthetase from trichoderma virens (tps) is an important member of the nrps family that exhibits antifungal properties. the majority of the nrpss terminate peptide synthesis with the thioesterase (te) domain, which either hydrolyzes the thioester linkage, releasing the free peptic acid, or catalyzes the intramolecul ... | 2010 | 20067617 |
| regulation of morphogenesis and biocontrol properties in trichoderma virens by a velvet protein, vel1. | mycoparasitic strains of trichoderma are applied as commercial biofungicides for control of soilborne plant pathogens. although the majority of commercial biofungicides are trichoderma based, chemical pesticides, which are ecological and environmental hazards, still dominate the market. this is because biofungicides are not as effective or consistent as chemical fungicides. efforts to improve these products have been limited by a lack of understanding of the genetic regulation of biocontrol acti ... | 2010 | 20154111 |
| expression and purification of biologically active trichoderma virens proteinaceous elicitor sm1 in pichia pastoris. | the beneficial fungus trichoderma virens secretes a small cysteine-rich protein (sm1) that induces defense responses in dicot and monocot plants and is a member of the cerato-platanin family. purification of sm1 from t. virens results in low protein yield limiting the application of this protein for crop disease protection to small-scale assays. to increase the yield of sm1, we cloned the sm1 gene in the ppic9k vector for transformation into the aox1 locus of pichia pastoris strain gs115. transf ... | 2010 | 20233605 |
| novel terpenoids, trichoderonic acids a and b isolated from trichoderma virens, are selective inhibitors of family x dna polymerases. | trichoderonic acids a (1) and b (2), novel terpenoids, and (+)-heptelidic acid (3) isolated from cultures of a fungus, trichoderma virens, and their structures were identified by spectroscopic analysis. these compounds selectively and competitively inhibited the activities of mammalian dna polymerases beta, lambda (pols beta, lambda), and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (tdt) in family x of pols, and compound 2 was a stronger inhibitor than compound 1 or 3. on the other hand, compounds 1-3 ... | 2010 | 20378979 |