| changes in the activity and mrna of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase during tracheary element differentiation in zinnia. | changes in the enzymatic activity of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (cad) and in the expression of a gene for cad during tracheary element (te) differentiation were investigated in cultures of single cells isolated from the mesophyll of zinnia (zinnia elegans). in cultures in which te differentiation was induced (te-inductive cultures), cad activity increased from h 36 after the start of culture (12 h before the start of thickening of the secondary cell wall) and peaked at h 72, when lignin was ... | 1997 | 9046592 |
| [pharmacognostical identification and investigation of commercial product of traditional chinese drug jiuyanduhuo]. | through investigation on original plants and commercial products of the traditional chinese drug jiuyanduhuo, the authors have ascertained its botanical origin and present medicinal usage, and found out that aralia cordata is the main species of jiuyanduhuo, and a. fargesii is another species that has come into use due to short supply of the main species, and a. henyri is used only in sichuan and hubei provinces. principal identification features of the original plants and crude drugs with 2 key ... | 1994 | 7718129 |
| method for selecting anthocyanin-producing cells by a cell sorter. | we found a novel method to select anthocyanin-producing cells by a new means of cell staining. after staining with 0.2 ppm fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc), the protoplasts from aralia cordata cultured cells, which were composed of high anthocyanin-producing cells and non-producing cells, were observed to be distinguishable under a fluorescence microscope. the green fluorescence of fitc from the non-producing cells was clearly ascertained by the naked eye. on the other hand, the fluorescence of ... | 1994 | 8073093 |
| phylogeny and biogeography of aralia sect. aralia (araliaceae). | aralia sect. aralia (araliaceae) consists of approximately eight species disjunctly distributed in asia and north america. phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses were conducted using sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions of the nuclear ribosomal dna. aralia racemosa from eastern north america was sister to a. californica from western north america. aralia cordata from eastern asia did not form a species-pair relationship with the eastern north american a. racemosa. the two subspe ... | 1998 | 21684970 |
| [genetic relationships among far eastern species of the family araliacea inferred by rapd analysis]. | a molecular genetic study of far eastern species of the family araliaceae by means of rapd analysis was conducted. using 21 primers we assessed variability at 595 loci. based on matrices of genetic distances d, dendrograms of genetic relationships among eleven species of six genera of this family were constructed. our results suggest that acanthopanax sessiliflorus and eleutherococcus senticosus belong to different genera, aralia cordata and a. continentalis are different species, and a. elata a ... | 2003 | 12624934 |
| alteration of sugar donor specificities of plant glycosyltransferases by a single point mutation. | in comparison with the amino acid sequences of seven species of glucosyltransferases and six species of galactosyltransferases, glutamine and histidine are highly conserved as the last amino acid residue of a glycosyltransferase-specific conserved region (udpgt) in glucosyltransferases and galactosyltransferases, respectively. consequently, the sugar donor specificities of glycosyltransferases are successfully altered by a single amino acid point mutation. udp-galactose:anthocyanin galactosyltra ... | 2004 | 15313223 |
| minor diterpenes of aralia cordata thunb: 17-hydroxy-ent-kaur-15-en-19-oic acid and grandifloric acid. | | 1974 | 4434588 |
| inhibitory constituents against cyclooxygenases from aralia cordata thunb. | seven diterpenes, four polyacetylenes, a lipid glycerol, and two sterols were isolated from the methylene chloride fraction of the root of aralia cordata. their chemical structures were determined as (-)-pimara-8(14),15-dien-19-oic acid (2), pimaric acid (3), (-)-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (4), 17-hydroxy-ent-kaur-15-en-19-oic acid (9), 7alpha-hydroxy-(-)-pimara-8(14),15-dien-19-oic acid (10), 16alpha,17-dihydroxy-(-)-kauran-19-oic acid (11), 16-hydroxy-17-isovaleroyloxy-ent-kauran-19-oic acid (12), ... | 2005 | 15742804 |
| [research on chemical ingredients of the root from cultivar aralia cordata thunb]. | eight components were isolated and purified from the ethereal extract from cultivar aralia cordata thumb. by means of uv, ir, 1h-nmr, 13cnmr, they were identified as (i) kaur-16-en-19-oic acid, (ii) docosanoic, (iii) hexadecanoic acid, (v) stigmasterol, (v) 16-formyl-kaur-15-en-19-oic acid, (vi) 7-oxo-ent-pimara-8 (14), 15-dien-19-oic acid, (vii) 17-hydroxy-ent-kaur-15-en-19-oic acid, (vlii) sitosterol. among them, components ii, iii, v were isolated from the gunus of aralia for the first time. | 2005 | 16514887 |
| cytotoxic and cox-2 inhibitory constituents from the aerial parts of aralia cordata. | three diterpenes (1, 8, and 9), three triterpenes (3, 4, and 7), one saponin (11), four sterols (2, 5, 6, and 12), and one cerebroside (10) were isolated from the etoh extract of the aerial parts of aralia cordata by repeated silica gel column chromatography. their chemical structures were identified by comparing their physicochemical and spectral data with those published in literatures. all isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against l1210, k562, and llc tumor cell lines u ... | 2006 | 16903073 |
| [extraction and antioxidant activity of flavonoids from aralia cordata]. | in this study, microwave-assisted extraction techniques of flavonoids fom aralia cordata were studied by the single factor analysis and orthogonal test, then the property antioxidant activities of flavonoids extracts were evaluated by two antioxidant assays, for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (dpph) radicals scavenging and reducing power. the results showed that the optimum conditions were as follows: twice extracting aralia cordata with 75 times volume (v/w) of 30% ethanol at 140w of microwave f ... | 2010 | 21243781 |
| pimaric acid from aralia cordata has an inhibitory effect on tnf-α-induced mmp-9 production and hasmc migration via down-regulated nf-κb and ap-1. | many studies have indicated that activation of matrix metalloproteinase (mmp)-9 and smooth muscle cell (smc) migration are involved in neointimal formation and atherosclerosis. in this study, we revealed that pimaric acid (pima) purified from aralia cordata had an inhibitory effect on mmp-9 production and migration of human aortic smooth muscle cells (hasmcs) induced by tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-α. down-regulated mmp-9 mrna transcription was detected in pima-treated cells using rt-pcr and the ... | 2012 | 22705379 |
| aralia cordata inhibits triacylglycerol biosynthesis in hepg2 cells. | glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (gpat) catalyzes the first committed step in triacylglycerol (tag) and phospholipid biosynthesis, and has been considered as one of the drug targets for treating hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, and other metabolic disorders. the aim of this study was to investigate the gpat inhibitors from natural products and to evaluate their effects. the methanol extract of aralia cordata roots showed a strong inhibitory effect on the human gpat1 activity. a further ... | 2013 | 24283275 |
| retinoic acid receptor agonist activity of naturally occurring diterpenes. | recent accumulating evidence indicates that all-trans retinoic acid (atra) may be useful for preventing or treating inflammation, allergy, and autoimmune diseases, despite its severe side effects. in this study, screening of 99 crude drugs for retinoic acid receptor (rar) ligands by luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that the methanol extract of aralia cordata rhizoma most effectively activates the transcriptional activity of rarα. pimaradienoic acid (ent-pimara-8(14),15-dien-19-oic acid) wa ... | 2014 | 24799257 |
| chinese vegetative materia medica in a venereological treatise by jean astruc from 1740. | historical medical sources can be still queried for forgotten cures and remedies. traditional chinese medicine has dealt with lues venerea (syphilis) since the five dynasties period (10th century). chinese indigenous materia medica and remedies recorded, studied or imported by the europeans can reveal known or quite unknown medicinal plants. the studied jean astruc's work is a published ethnopharmacological survey carried out in beijing in the 1730s and it deserves a modern interpretation. | 2016 | 27132716 |
| a hot water extract of aralia cordata activates bone marrow-derived macrophages via a myeloid differentiation protein 88-dependent pathway and protects mice from bacterial infection. | in traditional asian medicine, aralia cordata (ac) is a known as a pain reliever and anti-inflammatory drug. although several of its biological activities have been reported, the immunomodulatory effects of a hot water extract of ac (hac) have not yet been described. the aim of this study was to investigate whether hac modulates the activation of macrophages, which play important roles in innate immune responses against microbial pathogens, and if so, to determine the molecular mechanisms by whi ... | 2016 | 26989992 |
| combined prescription (oah19t) of aralia cordata thunb and cimicifuga heracleifolia komar and its major compounds inhibit matrix proteinases and vascular endothelial growth factor through the regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. | oah19t, a new herbal extract from a mixture of aralia cordata thunb and cimicifuga heracleifolia, is traditionally used for the treatment of arthritis in far east asia. to investigate the chondroprotective effects of oah19t on osteoarthritis was examined and compared with its major compounds pimaradienoic acid (pa) and ferulic acid (fa) of human osteoarthritis (oa) chondrocytes. | 2011 | 21420482 |
| inhibitory effect of human breast cancer cell proliferation via p21-mediated g1 cell cycle arrest by araliadiol isolated from aralia cordata thunb. | a new polyacetylenic compound, araliadiol, was isolated from the leaves of aralia cordata thunb. (araliaceae). the structure of araliadiol was determined to be 3( s),8( r)-pentadeca-1,9( z)-diene-4,6-diyne-3,8-diol by ms, nmr, ir, and uv spectroscopic analysis as well as mosher ester reaction. araliadiol displayed a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of a human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (mcf-7), with an ic (50) value for cytotoxicity of 6.41 µg/ml. cell cycle analysis revealed tha ... | 2011 | 20717878 |
| the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of 7-oxosandaracopimaric acid isolated from the roots of aralia cordata. | the root of aralia cordata is a traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammation, fever, pain, and spasm in the various diseases in korea. we isolated a dibenzylbutyrolactone diterpene acid, 7-oxosandaracopimaric acid (osa), from the ether fraction of aralia cordata meoh extract, and studied the effect of osa on phenylquinone (pq)-induced writhing syndrome and pq-induced capillary permeability increase, compound 48/80-induced histamine release by peritoneal mast cells, cycloxygenase (cox) ... | 2010 | 20422358 |
| inhibitory effects of diterpene acids from root of aralia cordata on ige-mediated asthma in guinea pigs. | this study evaluated the anti-asthmatic activities of four diterpene acids isolated from aralia cordata root that are proposed to be the active ingredients in its traditional use as a treatment for inflammation, overheating, pain and spasm in korea. the diterpene acids were identified as kaurenoic acid, 7-oxo-sandaracopimaric acid, 17-hydroxy-ent-kaur-15-en-19-oic acid, and hederagenin, by comparing their phytochemical and spectroscopic data with previous reports. the effects of diterpene acids ... | 2010 | 20060054 |
| cholinesterase and bace1 inhibitory diterpenoids from aralia cordata. | fourteen diterpenes were isolated from the n-hexane fraction of the roots of aralia cordata (syn. = a. continentalis). through spectroscopy, the chemical structures were determined as: ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene-19-oic acid (1); ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic-acid (2); 18-nor-ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene-4beta-ol (3); 18-nor-ent-kaur-16-ene-4beta-ol (4); ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene-19-ol (5); 7alpha-hydroxy-ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene-19-oic acid (6); 7beta-hydroxy-ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene-19-oic acid (7); ent- ... | 2009 | 19898803 |
| aralia cordata protects against amyloid beta protein (25-35)-induced neurotoxicity in cultured neurons and has antidementia activities in mice. | the present study investigated an ethanol extract of the aerial part of aralia cordata thunb. (araliaceae) for possible neuroprotective effects on neurotoxicity induced by amyloid beta (abeta) protein (25 - 35) in cultured rat cortical neurons and antidementia activity in mice. exposure of cultured cortical neurons to 10 mum abeta(25 - 35) for 36 h induced neuronal apoptotic death. at 1 - 10 mug/ml, a. cordata inhibited neuronal death, elevation of intracellular calcium ([ca(2+)](i)), glutamate ... | 2009 | 19763045 |
| therapeutic effect of aralia cordata extracts on cartilage protection in collagenase-induced inflammatory arthritis rabbit model. | aralia cordata has been used to alleviate symptoms of osteoarthritis (oa) in traditional medicine. however, there is no in vivo study related with the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of aralia cordata. on the basis of this background, our study was designed to examine the cartilage protective and proliferative effects of aralia cordata by using a collagenase-induced osteoarthritis (cia) rabbit model. | 2009 | 19619632 |
| cytotoxic and dna topoisomerases i and ii inhibitory constituents from the roots of aralia cordata. | bioactivity-guided fractionation, based on the dna topoisomerase inhibitory activity, lead to the isolation of five compounds (1-5) from the methylene chloride extract of the roots of aralia cordata thunb. (araliaceae). these compounds were identified as ent-pimara-8(14), 15-dien-19-oic acid (1), ent-pimara-8(14), 15-dien-18-oic acid (2), 16alpha-hydrogen-17-isovaleryloxy-ent-kauran-19-oic acid (3), 16alpha-hydroxy-17-isovaleryloxy-ent-kauran-19-oic acid (4) and dehydrofalcarindiol-8-acetate (5) ... | 2007 | 18087808 |
| effect of aralia cordata extracts on cartilage protection and apoptosis inhibition. | cartilage loss in osteoarthritis is characterized by cartilage degradation and chondrocyte death. cartilage degradation is induced by activation of matrix-metalloproteinases (mmps) activity and degradation of glycosaminoglycan (gag) and collagen. also, chondrocyte death is induced by the apoptosis through the activation of map kinase and caspases activities. on the basis of this background, our study was designed to examine the cartilage protective and anti-apoptotic effect of aralia cordata. ca ... | 2006 | 16819182 |
| analgesic component of notopterygium incisum ting. | notopterol was identified as the analgesic component of notopterygium incisum ting by using the acetic acid-induced writhing method. notopterol also indicated an anti-inflammatory activity by its inhibitory effect in the vascular permeability test. the intensive prolongation of pentobarbital-induced hypnosis was possibly caused by its inhibitory effect on the drug metabolism in liver. pharmacological differences between the analgesic components of n. incisum, aralia cordata and angelica pubescen ... | 1993 | 8339339 |
| purification and partial sequences of aralia cordata cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase. | cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (cad) (ec 1.1.1.195) from a dicot, aralia cordata, was purified to homogeneity and its properties were characterized. the enzyme shows a preference for cinnamyl alcohols and cinnamyl aldehydes as substrates. the m(r) is estimated at 72,000. the enzyme is composed of two heterogeneous subunits of slightly different sizes, and it differs from the bean enzyme in the size of subunits. partial amino acid sequencing of the purified enzyme was carried out both from the n- ... | 1993 | 7763430 |
| analgesic principles from aralia cordata thunb. | the analgesic principles from aralia cordata thunb, were identified with (ent)-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (ka) and (ent)-pimara-8(14),15-dien-19-oic acid (pa), respectively. both compounds were significantly effective regarding analgesics, hypothermia, duration of pentobarbital-induced anesthesia, and depression of locomotor activity enhanced by methamphetamine at doses of 300 mg/kg (ka) and 500 mg/kg (pa) by oral administration. | 1991 | 2054865 |
| genetic analysis of aralia cordata thunb by rapd. | in the research, genetic analysis of aralia cordata thunb. (araliaceae) was conducted using randomly amplified polymorphism dna (rapd). 161 loci were detected with 12 rapd primers. percentage of polymorphic band (ppb) varied from 34.78% to 63.35%. all the samples were respectively collected from the eight provinces richest in aralia cordata thunb resources in china, including hunan, yunnan, zhejiang, sichuan, jiangxi, anhui, shanxi and gansu. the results showed that hunan province enjoyed the hi ... | 2008 | 20162037 |
| ent-pimara-8(14), 15-dien-19-oic acid isolated from the roots of aralia cordata inhibits induction of inflammatory mediators by blocking nf-kappab activation and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. | macrophages play central roles in the innate immune system. the roots of aralia cordata are widely used in oriental medicine as a remedy for arthritis. during our program to screen medicinal plants for potential anti-inflammatory compounds, ent-pimara-8(14), 15-dien-19-oic acid (pimaradienoic acid; pa) was isolated from the roots of a. cordata. we examined the effect of pa on pro-inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide (lps)-stimulated raw 264.7 macrophages. pa was found to significantly in ... | 2008 | 18938152 |
| anti-ischemic activities of aralia cordata and its active component, oleanolic acid. | aralia has been reported to exhibit various pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and antioxidant activities. we performed in vitro and in vivo analyses on the neuroprotective effects of an ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of aralia cordata thunb. (araliaceae). in cultured cortical neurons from rats, a. cordata (5-20 microg/ml) inhibited 100 mum hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2))-induced apoptotic neuronal death, elevation of intracellular calcium concentration ([c ... | 2009 | 19557371 |