| turkey syndrome 65, oedema syndrome and mycoplasma meleagridis. | comparisons of liver histology and serum protein characteristics from cases of oedema syndrome and from poults with mycoplasma meleagridis induced ascites revealed that the two conditions, though presenting grossly similar post mortem appearances, are different entities. serum albumin concentrations, but not total serum protein levels, were markedly reduced in poults with m meleagridis induced ascites and in those with turkey syndrome 65. poults which were infected with m meleagridis but which f ... | 1975 | 48271 |
| neotetrazolium staining of three avian mycoplasma serotypes for microagglutination test. | mycoplasma meleagridis, m. gallisepticum, and m. synoviae antigens were stained with neotetrazolium chloride for use in the microagglutination test. only the stained antigens of m. gallisepticum were acceptable in color intensity and test readability. | 1978 | 79413 |
| efficacy of linco-spectin medication on mycoplasma meleagridis airsacculitis in turkey poults. | the efficacy of linco-spectin (ls) water medication was determined against mycoplasma meleagridis (mm) airsacculitis in turkey poults under controlled conditions. the poults were obtained from commercial flocks naturally infected with mm. water medication was given for the first five days of life. in georgia and ohio, ls was given at 0, 1, 2, and 4 g per gallon of drinking water. in california and minnesota, ls was administered at 0 and 2 g per gallon of drinking water. at three weeks old, the b ... | 1979 | 160789 |
| epizootiological investigations of colibacillosis in turkeys. | one experimental and two field studies were conducted to assess the input of the three most common pathogenic serotypes of escherichia coli (01a, 02a, and 078) via the hatch debris, environment of turkey buildings, and feed and water supplied these turkeys. air samples were also taken to assess the environmental load in the experimental study. these studies revealed that in one field trial the input of e. coli 02a in conjunction with mild infections of mycoplasma meleagridis (mm) and avian influ ... | 1977 | 343778 |
| prevention of egg transmission of mycoplasma meleagridis by antibiotic treatment of naturally and experimentally infected turkey eggs. | turkey eggs infected naturally and experimentally and treated with 1 mg of tylosin or gentamicin before incubation produced progeny with less infection with mycoplasma meleagridis than did infected but untreated eggs. higher doses of gentamicin eliminated infection, as indicated by an absence of m. meleagridis antibodies in poults tested at 3 weeks and retested at 5 weeks of age. the rate of reduction or elimination of egg transmission was correlated negatively with the incidence of m. meleagrid ... | 1979 | 486010 |
| specific immune gammaglobulin in the control of mycoplasma meleagridis. | turkey embryos naturally infected with mycoplasma meleagridis were treated with different fractions of turkey immunoglobulins obtained from either abattoir or hyperimmune sera. the whole crude globulin fraction, igg or igm, were injected directly into the yolk sac of infected embryos. embryos that died during incubation were broken out, aged, and the yolk sac contents cultured for m. meleagridis. all globulin treatments significantly reduced embryo mortality; purified igg from abattoir sera appe ... | 1979 | 530904 |
| [mycoplasma synoviae control. i. studies on the thermal sensitivity of pathogenic avian mycoplasmas (mycoplasma synoviae, mycoplasma gallisepicum and mycoplasma meleagridis)]. | a number of experiments were carried out to study the thermal sensitivity of mycoplasma synoviae and mycoplasma gallisepticum as well as that of young embryos in vitro and in ovo. a full mycoplasmacidal effect was attained after heating in bouillon cultures for six hours at 45 degrees c (including cultures of mycoplasma meleagridis), for two and a half hours at 50 degrees c, for ninety minutes at 52 degrees c and for thirty minutes at 55 degrees c. yoder's method of heating to control these myco ... | 1978 | 568833 |
| turkey sinusitis: synergism between mycoplasma synoviae and mycoplasma meleagridis. | sinusitis was produced experimentally in turkeys after intrasinus inoculation with broth cultures of both mycoplasma synoviae and mycoplasma meleagridis. no evidence of sinusitis was observed in other turkeys exposed to each of these organisms separately- indicating pathogenic synergism with these mycoplasmas. | 1977 | 606224 |
| inhibition of avian mycoplasmal hemagglutination by igm type antibody. | intravenous exposure of turkeys to mycoplasma synoviae resulted in development of hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) activity in serums within 4 days. treatment with 2-mercaptoethanol and gel-filtration separation of serum immunoglobulins indicated that the activity was due to igm type antibody. similar early hi activity was demonstrated in serums from turkeys exposed intravenously to mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma meleagridis. | 1978 | 674042 |
| effects of biotin, folic acid, and pantothenic acid on the growth of mycoplasma meleagridis, a turkey pathogen. | the biotin, folic acid, and pantothenic acid requirements of mycoplasma meleagridis were determined in vitro by examining the growth and survival of the organism in the presence of varying concentrations of these factors. growth and survival were also studied in the presence of aminopterin and methotrexate which prevent utilization of folic acid, and in the presence of avidin, a known biotin antagonist. whereas pantothenate appeared to have no obvious effect on growth or survival, folate was mar ... | 1978 | 674043 |
| comparison of mycoplasma meleagridis antibodies demonstrated by tube agglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition tests. | groups of turkeys inoculated intravenously with hemagglutinating (ha) and nonhemagglutinating (nha) strains of mycoplasma meleagridis developed similar antibody titers as demonstrated by the tube agglutination (ta) test, but use of the hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) test indicated markedly higher titers for turkeys inoculated with the ha strain than for those inoculated with the nha strain. adsorption of serum antibody with nha strain antigen removed most agglutination activity but had little ... | 1978 | 749888 |
| isolation and characterization of immunoglobulins g and m of the turkey. | procedures are described for the isolation and purification of turkey immunoglobulins. partial characterization of igm and igg is presented. purification was by sephadex g-200 and deae chromatography. igm and igg had respective average s values of 16.8-16.9 and 7.4 with 5-20% sucrose density gradients. selective absorption of turkey sera, containing mycoplasma meleagridis antibodies, by heavy-chain specific antisera and antibody absorption and elution studies demonstrated igm and igg to have act ... | 1976 | 816343 |
| antibiotic egg injection to eliminate disease. i. effect of injection methods on turkey hatchability and mycoplasma meleagridis infection. | mycoplasma meleagridis infection in turkey hatching eggs was eliminated by injecting eggs with a combination of tylosin and gentamicin. hatched f1 and f2 progeny remained free of egg-transmitted infection. contact exposure was experienced in one negative flock. of the preincubation injection procedures studied, a drilled hole on the small end of the egg was the inoculation site easiest to administer and best tolerated by the embryo. the embryo can tolerate a dose of gentamicin sulfate injected a ... | 1977 | 843304 |
| morphology and growth cycle of mycoplasma meleagridis viewed by scanning-electron microscopy. | the three-dimensional structure of mycoplasma meleagridis strain ry-39a was studied by scanning-electron microscopy. the morphologic forms observed between 12 hours and 7 days suggest that the organism undergoes a sequential metamorphosis in its development. single rounded forms in lag phase give rise to larger cells and filaments in the log phase, which fragment into coccus forms in the late stationary phase. | 1977 | 907583 |
| arginine catabolism by mycoplasma meleagridis and its role in pathogenesis. | a thin-layer chromatography technique was used to study the arginine metabolism of mycoplasma meleagridis. the technique reflected the enzyme activity of the dihydrolase pathway through detection of readily visible end products on x-ray film. strains of m. meleagridis differing in their pathogenicity for turkeys did not vary in arginine metabolism. in addition, no significant difference was observed in plasma arginine concentrations between m. meleagridis-infected and uninfected poults. it was c ... | 1977 | 908618 |
| a mycoplasma meleagridis haemagglutination inhibition test. | | 1975 | 1114649 |
| pathology of velogenic newcastle disease virus infection in turkeys. | twenty-four 4-week-old poults, free from mycoplasma meleagridis and m. gallisepticum, were inoculated with a velogenic viscerotropic strain of newcastle disease virus. clinical signs (gasping, coughing, and dyspnea) developed 4-5 days postinoculation, continued until nervous derangement appeared, and then (usually 3 days after initial clinical signs appeared) declined in severity. prominent nervous signs were paresis and paralysis of the extremities, with pronounced head-shaking. the most consta ... | 1975 | 1164310 |
| injecting antibiotics into turkey hatching eggs to eliminate mycoplasma meleagridis infection. | hatching eggs from a commercial strain of turkeys infected naturally with mycoplasma meleagridis were injected before incubation with various doses of tylosin, gentamicin, erythromycin, and chloramphenicol, individually and in combination. the antibiotics were inoculated into the albumen through a hole made in the small end of the egg. gentamicin was the only drug consistently effective in reducing infection. with inoculation by the procedure described, the embryos tolerated several dose levels ... | 1975 | 1164318 |
| nonspecific reactions to mycoplasma antigens caused in turkeys sera by erysipelothrix insidiosa bacterin. | nonspecific reactions to mycoplasma meleagridis (mm) and m. gallisepticum antigens were found in the sera of turkeys vaccinated with erysipelothrix insidiosa (ei) bacterin, but they could be removed by adsorption with ei bacterin. true reactions to mm could not be so removed. | 1975 | 1164326 |
| experimental reproduction of turkey syndrome 65 with mycoplasma meleagridis and m gallisepticum and associated changes in serum protein characteristics. | groups of one-day-old turkeys were infected with two isolates of mycoplasma meleagridis and one of m gallisepticum. the experiment was terminated at three weeks of age when the incidence of ts65 in the three groups were 32, 24 and 82 per cent respectively. the development of ts65 in the m meleagridis-infected groups was not accompanied by dramatic falls of serum albumin levels thus invalidating the hypothesis that low serum albumin concentration is a primary factor in the development of ts65. | 1975 | 1166125 |
| efficacy trials in turkey poults with tylosin tartrate against mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma meleagridis. | tylosin tartrate, administered in the drinking water at a concentration of 0.55 g/litre for the first three days after hatching, was highly effective in controlling the adverse consequences of a mycoplasma gallisepticum infection, established by air sac injection at one day of age, in turkey poults. tylosin was ineffective in controlling m meleagridis infections established in embryo or at one day of age when administered in the drinking water of poults. both mycoplasma isolates used were inhibi ... | 1975 | 1215688 |
| detection of mycoplasma meleagridis infection of turkeys in hungary. | | 1975 | 1231551 |
| serologic survey for selected arboviruses and other potential pathogens in wildlife from mexico. | during 1988 and 1989, a serologic survey of wildlife was conducted in northeastern mexico to determine the presence, prevalence, and distribution of arboviruses and other selected disease agents. eighty mammal specimens were tested. antibodies to vesicular stomatitis-indiana, venezuelan equine encephalitis-mena ii, rio grande virus, and vesicular stomatitis-new jersey were detected predominantly in small mammals. deer and mouflon (ovis musimon) had antibodies to bluetongue and epizootic hemorrha ... | 1992 | 1512876 |
| isolation of mycoplasma gallopavonis from free-ranging wild turkeys in coastal north carolina seropositive and culture-negative for mycoplasma gallisepticum. | serum samples and choanal cleft swabs were collected from livetrapped and hunter killed wild turkeys (meleagris gallopavo) from martin and bertie counties, north carolina (usa). sera were tested for antibodies to mycoplasma gallisepticum, mycoplasma synoviae and mycoplasma meleagridis by hemagglutination inhibition (hi). sera from 33% (five of 15) of livetrapped turkeys were positive for antibodies to m. gallisepticum by hi, and all were negative for antibodies to m. synoviae and m. meleagridis. ... | 1992 | 1548788 |
| serologic associations between fowl cholera and other diseases. | as part of a case-control study designed to identify fowl cholera risk factors, 2087 blood samples were collected from 71 california meat-turkey flocks. samples were tested for antibodies to three mycoplasmas and four viruses pathogenic for turkeys. flocks that had antibodies to newcastle disease virus and/or mycoplasma meleagridis had an increased risk of having an outbreak of fowl cholera. this information should prove useful for fowl cholera control programs in meat turkeys. | 1991 | 1786004 |
| california national animal health monitoring system for meat-turkey flocks, 1988-1989: diagnostic testing results. | six hundred fourteen meat turkeys were submitted for necropsy from 24 california ranches as part of the national animal health monitoring system (nahms). enteritis was the most frequent pathologic diagnosis in birds 18 days old or younger and the second most frequent diagnosis in birds 19-70 days old. hemorrhagic enteritis was the most frequent diagnosis in birds aged 19-70 days. tibial dyschondroplasia, bronchopneumonia, and ascaridiasis were ranked one through three in frequency of diagnoses i ... | 1991 | 1786005 |
| an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of bordetella avium infection in turkey flocks: sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for detection of bordetella avium infection in turkey poults was developed. one-week-old poults challenged intratracheally with 10(12) colony-forming units of b. avium had detectable titers (greater than or equal to 11), with an average of 13.6% positive samples when the birds were 6 to 11 weeks old. the method was sensitive enough to detect maternal antibodies to b. avium in poults up to 3 weeks of age. the same poults challenged at 1 week of age had ... | 1991 | 1854313 |
| [the frequency of detection of mycoplasma meleagridis in breeding turkeys depending on the laying age]. | coating of air sacs was recorded from day-old chicks from parents with mycoplasma (m.) meleagridis infection, with positive findings being obtained from 9.52% of all animals early in the laying period and from 34.09% up to the 8th laying week. m. meleagridis was isolated from palatine and cloacal swabs taken of laying hens and insemination cocks, with positive findings being 50-60% prior to the laying period (28th week of age), 100% at start of laying, and 80% in the 14th laying week. m. meleagr ... | 1989 | 2619470 |
| the isolation and attenuation of a virus causing rhinotracheitis in turkeys in south africa. | in march 1978, a number of turkeys with severe respiratory symptoms affecting over 80% of the flock were investigated for a possible causative agent. with the standard techniques used for the isolation of bacteriae, mycoplasmae and viruses, only mycoplasma gallisepticum, mycoplasma meleagridis and newcastle disease virus were isolated. tracheal organ cultures were subsequently prepared from 27-day-old turkey embryos and inoculated with sinus exudate from affected turkeys. after an incubation per ... | 1989 | 2748138 |
| antigenic analysis of three strains of mycoplasma meleagridis of varying pathogenicity. | three strains of mycoplasma meleagridis of varying pathogenicity were characterized by conventional serologic methods and by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). the three strains (ry-39a, mc-25b, and ry-39c) did not differ by cross agglutination, immunofluorescence and immunodiffusion tests. however, the strains differed in their protein patterns as determined by sds-page. | 1988 | 3232320 |
| mycoplasma meleagridis of turkeys: probability of eliminating egg-borne infection. | an equation was developed that describes the probability of eliminating egg-borne mycoplasma meleagridis (mm) of turkeys by egg treatment. probability (p) of mm elimination was described in terms of four parameters: pretreatment prevalence of mm, alpha; treatment failure rate, beta; number of eggs treated, n; and hatching rate, h. the eradication equation, based on the poisson probability distribution, was p(0) = e-n alpha beta h. probabilities derived from 12 hypothetical mm-eradication situati ... | 1987 | 3619820 |
| diagnosis of mycoplasma meleagridis infection on turkey-rearing farm. | | 1986 | 3964018 |
| efficacy of some mycoplasma meleagridis antigens in the rapid diagnosis of mycoplasmosis in turkeys. | | 1986 | 3964019 |
| mycoplasma meleagridis and escherichia coli infections in germfree and specific-pathogen-free turkey poults: production of complicated airsacculitis. | | 1970 | 4097061 |
| mycoplasma meleagridis and escherichia coli infections in germfree and specific-pathogen-free turkey poults: pathologic manifestations. | | 1970 | 4097062 |
| mycoplasma meleagridis infection: development of lesions and distribution of infection in turkey embryos. | | 1971 | 4110516 |
| ultrastructure and capsule of mycoplasma meleagridis. | the ultrastructural study of mycoplasma meleagridis utilized the electron microscope techniques of sectioning, histochemical staining, critical-point drying, and freeze etching. the predominant morphotype was a spherical form ranging in diameter from 200 to 700 nm. the other morphotypes were dumbbell-shaped cells interconnected by membranous tubules, and chains of streptococcal-like cells. these forms suggest replication by binary fission. an extracellular structure in the form of a capsular mat ... | 1973 | 4126825 |
| natural resolution of air sac lesions caused by mycoplasma meleagridis in turkeys. | lesions caused by mycoplasma meleagridis were followed in one hatch of turkeys from one day to 20(1/2) weeks of age. air sac lesion incidence increased from 20% at one day to 44% at six weeks of age with a slow decline to 10% at 10 weeks of age. lesions were detectable on careful examination at 10-20% level to 20 weeks of age on laboratory examination, but at 20(1/2) weeks only 0.07% lesions were found in 1000 turkeys from the same hatch. air sac lesion severity, based on an arbitrary 0.5,1,2,3, ... | 1969 | 4242766 |
| experimental control of mycoplasma meleagridis in turkeys by the dipping of eggs in tylosin and spiramycin. | as a result of temperature differential dipping of turkey eggs in 715 p.p.m. of tylosin or 1000 p.p.m. spiramycin in tap water, air sac lesions caused by m. meleagridis were reduced 87% and 72%, and the m. meleagridis isolations were reduced 85% and 84% respectively. mean weights at six weeks of age showed that poults hatched from eggs dipped in tylosin and spiramycin were 128 and 130 grams heavier than control birds. this difference in mean weights was apparent at two weeks of age. dipping of e ... | 1970 | 4246000 |
| differences between cull and normal turkeys in natural infection with mycoplasma meleagridis at one day of age. | the thoracic air sacs of poults at one day of age were examined to compare those of normal, saleable poults with those of sibs culled(1) at hatching at three stages in the laying season. lesions of airsacculitis were recorded and the air sacs were cultured for mycoplasma. impression smears of the thoracic air sacs were stained with rabbit anti-mycoplasma meleagridis serum conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate and examined to determine the location and infection rate of the organism. m. mele ... | 1970 | 4249088 |
| the tissue localization of mycoplasma meleagridis in turkey embryos. | mycoplasma meleagridis appears to localize primarily in the respiratory tissues of the developing turkey embryo. this was determined by the daily collection throughout the incubation period of smears of embryonic tissues from 261 fertile turkey eggs. the tissues were examined using fluorescent antibody procedures and the earliest detection from positive tissues were: day 6, blastoderm (10%); day 8, sinus (44%) and peritoneum (55%); day 19, lung (11%) and trachea (44%); day 23, air sacs (62%). | 1972 | 4259938 |
| the attempted immunization of turkey hens with viable mycoplasma meleagridis. | the attempted immunization of 53 female broad breasted white turkeys with five weekly 1.0 ml injections of viable mycoplasma meleagridis, when combined with insemination with m. meleagridis infected semen, did not produce immunity but only imposed additional infection. this was detrimental to the offspring by increasing the incidence and severity of air sac lesions. | 1971 | 4260949 |
| further studies on the genital pathogenesis of mycoplasma meleagridis. | | 1974 | 4457560 |
| experimental reproduction of turkey syndrome '65 with mycoplasma meleagridis. | | 1974 | 4473057 |
| mycoplasma meleagridis in guatemalan turkeys. | | 1972 | 4562579 |
| demonstration of complement-dependent and independent systems in immune inactivation of mycoplasma meleagridis. | | 1973 | 4734701 |
| characterization of pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains of mycoplasma meleagridis: manifestations of disease in turkey embryos and poults. | | 1974 | 4819724 |
| the injection of turkey hatching eggs with tylosin to eliminate mycoplasma meleagridis infection. | | 1974 | 4856000 |
| characterization of pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains of mycoplasma meleagridis: in ovo and in vitro studies. | | 1974 | 4856496 |
| a hemagglutination-inhibition test for mycoplasma meleagridis antibodies. | | 1969 | 4887031 |
| pathogenesis and histopathology of airsacculitis in turkeys produced by experimental inoculation of day-old poults with mycoplasma meleagridis. | | 1971 | 4926594 |
| characterization of the antibody response of turkeys to mycoplasma meleagridis. | | 1971 | 4932187 |
| a review of mycoplasma infections relative to mycoplasma meleagridis. | | 1971 | 4933048 |
| mycoplasma meleagridis infection: development of air-sac lesions in turkey poults. | | 1971 | 4945992 |
| isolation and characterization of mycoplasma meleagridis. | | 1972 | 5018694 |
| natural and experimental cases of airsacculitis associated with mycoplasma meleagridis infection in turkeys. | | 1972 | 5068806 |
| pathogenesis of mycoplasma meleagridis in diethylstilboestrol treated turkey embryos and poults. | | 1971 | 5091664 |
| ineffectiveness of antibiotic treatment of semen in the prevention of egg transmission of mycoplasma meleagridis in turkeys. | | 1971 | 5094402 |
| base composition and genome size of mycoplasma meleagridis deoxyribonucleic acid. | | 1971 | 5146841 |
| mycoplasma meleagridis infection: reproductive tract lesions in mature turkeys. | | 1971 | 5168475 |
| antibody response of turkey poults after in ovo infection with mycoplasma meleagridis. | | 1971 | 5168477 |
| localization and egg transmission of mycoplasma meleagridis in turkeys exposed by various routes. | | 1967 | 5233760 |
| hatcher and intraflock transmission of mycoplasma meleagridis. | | 1967 | 5340944 |
| genital pathogenesis of mycoplasma meleagridis in virgin turkey hens. | | 1970 | 5427237 |
| growth-inhibition test for identifying mycoplasma meleagridis and its antibody. | | 1970 | 5427238 |
| mycoplasma meleagridis and influenza a virus infections in turkeys. | | 1970 | 5427243 |
| pathologic changes in the joint and other organs of turkey poults after intravenous inoculation of mycoplasma meleagridis. | | 1970 | 5434432 |
| inhibition of growth of mycoplasma meleagridis by a heat-labile component of turkey, swine, and guinea pig serums. | | 1970 | 5530955 |
| pathogenesis of single and mixed infections caused by mycoplasma meleagridis and mycoplasma gallisepticum in turkey embryos. | | 1971 | 5541210 |
| role of the female in egg transmission of mycoplasma meleagridis in turkeys. | | 1971 | 5582056 |
| mycoplasma meleagridis ("n" strain mycoplasma--pplo): relationship of air sac lesions and isolations in day old turkeys (meleagridis gallopavo). | | 1968 | 5650827 |
| serologic studies on mycoplasma meleagridis in turkeys. | | 1968 | 5686263 |
| effect of ph on growth and survival of three avian and one saprophytic mycoplasma species. | the ability of mycoplasma meleagridis, m. laidlawii, an unnamed, nonpathogenic avian species, and three isolates of m. gallisepticum to grow and survive in liquid media of various ph values was investigated. all species grew over a ph range that was generally about two units. the most significant finding was that cultures initiated in media within a ph range of approximately 8.5 to 8.9 remained viable for 45 to 60 days at 37 c, whereas cultures initiated at lower values survived for shorter peri ... | 1969 | 5775915 |
| transmission of mycoplasma meleagridis in turkeys. | | 1969 | 5816368 |
| studies on the control of mycoplasma meleagridis in turkeys. | | 1969 | 5818051 |
| experimentally indeced mycoplasma meleagridis infection of turkey reproductive tracts. | | 1969 | 5818055 |
| infectivity of mycoplasma meleagridis for turkey embryos. | | 1966 | 5913035 |
| egg transmission of mycoplasma meleagridis. | | 1966 | 5972253 |
| mycoplasma meleagridis and fertility in turkey breeder hens. | | 1967 | 6035892 |
| studies on the transmission of mycoplasma meleagridis. | | 1967 | 6073849 |
| the immunosuppressive effect of mycoplasma meleagridis on nonreplicating antigens. | the humoral responses of mycoplasma meleagridis-free and -infected turkeys were compared following primary and secondary antigenic stimulation with inactivated salmonella pullorum or dinitrophenyl-bovine gamma globulin. the mycoplasma-infected groups had significantly lower antibody responses to both antigens. the suppression was more evident in the secondary response. the results suggest that the immune response in turkeys infected with m. meleagridis is similar to that of bursectomized chicken ... | 1981 | 6175300 |
| efficacy of lincomycin-spectinomycin water medication on mycoplasma meleagridis airsacculitis in commercially reared turkey poults. | a field trial was conducted to compare the efficacy of a combination of the drugs lincomycin and spectinomycin (ls) with tylan (tylosin, t) against mycoplasma meleagridis (mm) airsacculitis in 50,320 commercially reared turkey poults in ohio. both drugs were administered at 2 g per gallon of drinking water for the first 5 days of life. the poults were allotted randomly to two treatment groups with 8 or 5 replicates each. initially, 250 poults were weighed, necropsied, and examined microbiologica ... | 1982 | 6213222 |
| the survivability of mycoplasma meleagridis in frozen-thawed turkey semen. | semen from 15 turkeys was pooled and divided into two groups and diluted with glycerated freezing medium. one group contained naturally occurring levels of mycoplasma meleagridis while the other was inoculated with a 24-hr culture of the organism. both groups were frozen under identical conditions. semen was evaluated for motility and life-dead analysis during various stages of cryopreservation. the number of viable mycoplasmas in both groups was determined prior to and at 1-, 2-, and 6-months f ... | 1982 | 7088796 |
| comparison of seven isolates of mycoplasma meleagridis. | a comparative study of seven isolates of mycoplasma meleagridis indicated that they were indistinguishable morphologically. two isolates, e2 and 8m92, induced hemagglutination of red blood cells of several different species while the others did not. metabolic inhibition, growth inhibition and growth precipitation tests revealed minor differences among the seven isolates. according to these differences, isolates were divided into three groups: antiserum-sensitive isolate 1466, less sensitive isol ... | 1982 | 7101720 |
| the effect of mycoplasma meleagridis infection and egg dipping on the weight-gain performance of turkey poults. | turkey poults were observed throughout their first 7 weeks of life to evaluate the effects of embryonic infection with mycoplasma meleagridis (mm) and the effects of a control measure, egg dipping with tylosin and gentamycin. fifty-thousand poults from four sister flocks were divided among eight groups according to mm-infection status [mm (+) or mm (-)] , sex, and egg-dipping status (dipped or nondipped). these birds were raised under natural field conditions in the central valley of california. ... | 1982 | 7103888 |
| the effect of experimental turkey embryo infection with mycoplasma meleagridis on weight, weight gain, feed consumption, and conversion. | turkey poults were obtained from an earlier trial where hatchability performance of a group of embryos experimentally infected with mycoplasma meleagridis [mm(+)] was compared with that of a group of uninfected cohorts [mm(-)]. in the present trial, post-hatch production parameters compared were weight, weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion, culling, and mortality. both toms and hens were monitored for 16 weeks, and a group of randomly selected toms was monitored for 22 weeks. final liv ... | 1982 | 7159315 |
| formulating a control program against mycoplasma meleagridis using economic decision analysis. | economic decision analysis was applied to a variety of programs for controlling mycoplasma meleagridis (mm) using a hypothetical commercial turkey multiplier breeder as an example. the analysis demonstrated the economic significance of a particular program for controlling mm and reevaluated current egg-dipping practices. if forced to continue egg-dipping, the hypothetical breeder can expect to gain $1.58 per hen if he follows a mm-control program that includes monitoring and incentive payments. ... | 1981 | 7259673 |
| turkey airsacculitis: effect of mixed mycoplasmal infections. | turkeys experimentally infected with both mycoplasma meleagridis and a member of the ijknqr group of avian mycoplasmas developed more-severe air-sac lesions than did turkeys infected with either of these organisms alone. in addition, exudative air-sac lesions were more widely distributed anatomically in turkeys with mixed infections than in those with single infections. similar studies with mycoplasma synoviae and m. meleagridis did not indicate a significant increase in the severity of air-sac ... | 1981 | 7271649 |
| decreased hatchability of turkeys eggs caused by experimental infection with mycoplasma meleagridis. | turkey eggs experimentally infected with mycoplasma meleagridis (mm) showed a significant (p less than 0.05) decrease in production of first-quality poults of approximately 20% when compared with uninoculated controls and a placebo group of eggs. embryo mortality was highest between the time the eggs were transferred from incubator to hatcher (25 days of incubation) and the time the embryos hatched. risk of embryo mortality associated with infection in this late incubation period for the mm-infe ... | 1981 | 7271651 |
| mycoplasma-induced arthritis in poultry. | mycoplasmaa-induced arthritis of poultry under field conditions is almost entirely caused by mycoplasm synoviae (ms) infection. experimentally, mycoplasma synoviae, mycoplasma gallisepticum, mycoplasma meleagridis and mycoplasma iowae have all been shown to cause arthritis, tenosynovitis and lesions of periarticular tissue. however, greatest attention has been given to ms in this respect. the leg joints are most consistently involved, and of these particularly the tibiotarsal-tarsometatarsal and ... | 1981 | 7287403 |
| mycoplasmosis in poultry. | mycoplasma gallisepticum, mycoplasma synoviae and mycoplasma meleagridis are the most widespread pathogenic poultry mycoplasmas. the epidemiology of the infections, and clinical signs, lesions, pathogenesis, diagnosis and control of disease are described. in epidemiology, the constant antigenic composition, variation in virulence, tropism, survival of the mycoplasma outside and within the host and susceptibility to drugs are outlined. the significance of species, age and immune status of the hos ... | 1981 | 7287415 |
| suppression of the humoral immune response to inactivated newcastle disease virus by mycoplasma meleagridis in the turkey. | groups of mycoplasma meleagridis-free and -infected turkeys were vaccinated against newcastle disease virus (ndv) at 5 and 8 weeks of age. the two groups did not differ significantly in antibody response to ndv as measured by the hemagglutination-inhibition test when a live vaccine (tcnd) was used, but the two groups differed significantly when an inactivated vaccine was used; titers were higher in the mycoplasma-free group in both primary and secondary responses. the difference between response ... | 1981 | 7337612 |
| isolation of mycoplasma meleagridis from turkeys in japan. | | 1980 | 7366054 |
| the distribution of mycoplasma meleagridis in normal turkey carcases and those affected with air sac disease. | mycoplasma meleagridis was isolated from both normal and diseased air sacs of turkeys examined and graded for air sacculitis on the evisceration line in a processing plant. it was also cultivated from wing bone cavities of turkeys with severe air sac lesions but not from leg bones or from samples of deep muscle. a further investigation, using material taken randomly from the condemned meat container, confirmed that m meleagridis was recoverable from wing bones. | 1980 | 7395024 |
| a survey of skeletal disorders in five turkey flocks in saskatchewan. | losses due to skeletal disorders varied from 1.8 to 6.1 percent in five flocks, varying in size from 2040 to 7033 birds, of broad breasted white tom turkeys. very little evidence of significant air-sacculitis due to mycoplasma meleagridis was found in hatching poults or during the growing period. major disorders causing the losses included rickets, rotated tibia, arthritis/osteomyelitis and long bone distortion. rickets and arthritis/osteomyelitis due to infection with staphylococcus aureus were ... | 1980 | 7427775 |
| detection of the turkey pathogens mycoplasma meleagridis and m. iowae by amplification of genes coding for rrna. | pcr-based diagnostic tests using oligonucleotides specific to 16s rrna were designed for the specific detection of the turkey pathogens mycoplasma meleagridis and m. iowae. this method of detection was shown to be rapid, species specific, and unaffected by strain variation or the presence of other organisms. detection of m. meleagridis in clinical samples by pcr was achieved and later confirmed by culture and growth inhibition. definitive identification by culture and growth inhibition required ... | 1995 | 7542269 |
| a longitudinal study of green-liver osteomyelitis complex in commercial turkeys. | two flocks of nicholas tom turkeys from separate farms with histories of above-average condemnations for turkey green-liver osteomyelitis complex (toc) were studied throughout a 16-week growout. fifty birds from each farm were necropsied each week for 15 weeks, and birds that had green livers, osteomyelitis in the proximal tibia, or swollen joints were cultured for aerobic bacteria along with an equal number of control birds. at processing, toc lesions and green livers were obtained for bacteria ... | 1994 | 7702507 |
| detection of mycoplasma meleagridis by polymerase chain reaction. | a pair of 32 base primers was synthesized based on the dna sequence data of a mycoplasma meleagridis (mm) species-specific recombinant, pmm-2. the primers were used in a mm-polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to amplify a target dna of approximately 850 bp. annealing temperatures ranging from 58 degrees c to 61 degrees c could be used for the mm-pcr without loss of specificity. the primers amplified 1 ng of dna from 17 strains of mm, but not 10 ng of dna from 16 heterologous species of avian mycopla ... | 1993 | 8236783 |
| species-specific recombinant dna probes for mycoplasma meleagridis. | two recombinant dna probes (pmm-2 and pmm-13) were isolated from a mycoplasma meleagridis strain 17529 genomic library prepared in plasmid puc8, and escherichia coli strain jm83. in dot blot assays, 32p-labeled pmm-13 with a dna insert of 3.5 kbp, hybridized with 18 isolates of m. meleagridis but not with 16 other known species of avian mycoplasmas. except for weaker signals on hybridization with the m. meleagridis cultures, pmm-2 with an dna insert of 0.85 kbp, showed a similar reaction pattern ... | 1993 | 8362495 |
| wry necks associated with mycoplasma meleagridis infection in a backyard flock of turkeys. | two 5-week-old bronze turkeys were submitted with crooked necks that could not be straightened. both birds were serologically and culturally positive for mycoplasma meleagridis (mm). histologically, there were lymphoid follicles in the cranial thoracic and cervicoclavicular air sacs, and inflammatory changes in the cartilage of some cervical vertebrae. this appeared to be a case of mm-associated wry necks. | 1993 | 8452503 |