| airsacculitis induced in broilers with a combination of mycoplasma gallinarum and respiratory viruses. | mycoplasma gallinarum was isolated from tracheas and air-sac lesions from broilers in flocks having higher than normal condemnations due to airsacculitis. a representative m. gallinarum isolant, given by aerosol or by air-sac inoculation, produced air-sac lesions in young chickens when given in combination with a vaccine combining newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis or with a field strain of infectious bronchitis virus. | 1978 | 219834 |
| culturing anomalies associated with mycoplasma recovered from the tissues of chicks and turkey poults experimentally infected with mycoplasma gallisepticum or mycoplasma gallinarum. | tissues of mycoplasma infected chicks and turkey poults were cultured and subcultured on mycoplasma agar. usually, colonies which grew on the agar initially inoculated could be subcultured, but sometimes they could not. at other times, colonies were not seen on the agar initially inoculated but appeared on the subcultured plate. | 1978 | 353927 |
| a comparison of the virulence of three strains of mycoplasma gallisepticum and one strain of mycoplasma gallinarum in chicks, turkey poults, tracheal organ cultures and embryonated fowl eggs. | the virulence of three strains of mycoplasma gallisepticum (s6 of low broth passage, s6 of high broth passage and a514) and of one strain of m gallinarum was investigated in specific pathogen free chicks, turkey poults, chick embryo tracheal organ cultures and embryonated fowl eggs. one strain of m gallisepticum, s6, of low passage, caused high mortality in newly hatched chicks, and turkey poults, high embryo mortality, and rapid suppression of ciliary activity in tracheal organ cultures. the ot ... | 1976 | 951527 |
| effect of mycoplasma gallinarum on the replication in vitro of goose parvovirus strain "b". | replication in vitro of the goose parovirus strain "b" was inhibited by mycoplasma gallinarum co-infection. this effect could be prevented by continuous supplementation of cell cultures with arginine. the infection of cell cultures with acholeplasma axanthum did not influence virus replication. | 1975 | 1171580 |
| role of arginine deiminase in growth of mycoplasma hominis. | arginine has been considered as the major energy source of nonglycolytic arginine-utilizing mycoplasmata. when three strains of mycoplasma arginini, and one strain each of mycoplasma arthritidis, mycoplasma fermentans, mycoplasma gallinarum, mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma hominis were grown in the medium with high arginine concentration (34 mm) compared with low arginine (4 mm), both the protein content of the organisms and the specific activity of arginine deiminase increased. m. ferme ... | 1976 | 1262306 |
| immunohistochemical demonstration of mycoplasma gallinarum and mycoplasma gallinaceum in naturally infected hen oviducts. | using indirect immunoperoxidase (iip), peroxidase anti-peroxidase (pap) and avidin biotin-peroxidase complex (abc) immunohistochemical methods, mycoplasma gallinarum and m gallinaceum antigens were demonstrated in ethanol-fixed paraffin-embedded oviduct sections from hens the eggs from which showed suboptimal hatchability. specific immunoperoxidase staining was detected at the mucosa in the magnum portion of the oviduct. optimal staining was achieved by applying the abc method, though both iip a ... | 1990 | 2267425 |
| isolation of mycoplasma gallinarum and m. gallinaceum from the reproductive tract of hens. | | 1990 | 2334374 |
| enzymological features of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis reflect the phylogeny of mycoplasmas. | acholeplasma laidlawii possesses a biochemical pathway for tyrosine and phenylalanine biosynthesis, while mycoplasma iowae and mycoplasma gallinarum do not. the detection of 7-phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptonate (dahp) synthase (ec 4.1.2.15), dehydro-shikimate reductase (ec 1.1.1.25) and 3-enol-pyruvoylshikimate-5-phosphate synthase (ec 2.5.1.19) activities in cell-free extracts established the presence in a. laidlawii of a functional shikimate pathway. l-phenylalanine synthesis occurs ... | 1987 | 2895162 |
| isolation of mycoplasma gallinarum from sheep. | | 1987 | 3603991 |
| serological comparison of five arginine-utilizing mycoplasma species by two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis. | five arginine-utilizing, nonglycolytic mycoplasma species were compared serologically by two dimensional immunoelectrophoresis. the survey included: mycoplasma hominis, mycoplasma arthritidis, mycoplasma gateae, mycoplasma gallinarum, and three strains of mycoplasma arginini. although the m. arginini strains showed strong cross-reactions, each strain produced a different antigenic profile which was distinct and which indicated significant antigenic differences between strains. the m. arginini st ... | 1974 | 4473427 |
| biosynthesis of cholesteryl glucoside by mycoplasma gallinarum. | the biosynthesis of cholesteryl glucoside by mycoplasma gallinarum strain j proceeds by the transfer of glucose from uridine-5'-diphosphoglucose to membrane-bound sterol. galactose also can be coupled to cholesterol via uridine-5'-diphosphogalactose. the reaction is specific for the uridine-5'-diphospho sugars. enzymatic activity is associated with the membrane. treatment of the membrane to remove endogenous sterol inactivates the enzyme. only sterol which has been bound to the membrane particip ... | 1971 | 5139538 |
| effect of mycoplasma gallinarum on embryonated village chicken eggs. | the effect of mycoplasma gallinarum isolated from village chickens on embryonated village chicken eggs was investigated. seven-, 10-, 12- and 18-day-old embryos were inoculated with medium containing 10(6) colony forming units of m gallinarum or with uninfected medium and incubated at 37 degrees c until they hatched. there was no significant difference between the infected embryos which failed to hatch and those which hatched or between them and the group inoculated with medium only. a much high ... | 1994 | 7871263 |
| alternatives to arginine as energy sources for the non-fermentative mycoplasma gallinarum. | in contrast to previously studied non-fermentative arginine-hydrolysing (f-/a+) mycoplasma species, m. gallinarum cells suspended in a salts solution oxidised ethanol and l-lactic, pyruvic and 2-oxobutyric acids. the organic acids were additionally shown effectively to replace arginine as energy sources in growth media. however, their presence did not inhibit arginine hydrolysis, nor did arginine inhibit organic acid catabolism. the ability to oxidise organic acids is a potentially useful diagno ... | 1994 | 8138131 |
| effect of mixed infection of mycoplasma gallinarum and newcastle disease virus (f strain) on the tracheal epithelium of village chickens. | the effects of a mixed infection of mycoplasma gallinarum and newcastle disease virus (f strain) on the tracheal epithelium of village chickens were investigated and observed by scanning electron microscopy. day-old village chicks were vaccinated intranasally with f strain newcastle disease virus and inoculated intratracheally on the same day with 10(8) colony forming units of m gallinarum. in another study the chicks were vaccinated and then infected with m gallinarum seven days later. the firs ... | 1996 | 8880993 |
| the characterization of mycoplasma synoviae ef-tu protein and proteins involved in hemadherence and their n-terminal amino acid sequences. | an abundant cytoplasmic 43-kda protein from mycoplasma synoviae, a major pathogen from poultry, was identified as elongation factor tu. the n-terminal amino acid sequence (akldfdrskehvnvgtighv) has 90% identity with the sequence of the mycoplasma hominis elongation factor tu protein. monoclonal antibodies reacting with the m. synoviae elongation factor tu protein also reacted with 43-kda proteins from the avian mycoplasma species mycoplasma gallinarum, mycoplasma gallinaceum, mycoplasma pullorum ... | 1999 | 10220885 |
| cloning and analysis of the gene for a major surface antigen of mycoplasma gallisepticum. | myplasma gallisepticum infects a wide variety of gallineaceous birds including chickens, turkeys, and pheasants. infection occurs both horizontally and vertically. thus, control of the spread of m. gallisepticum to noninfected flocks is difficult. continual monitoring is necessary to identify infected flocks even under the most stringent infectious control practices. monitoring, however, is usually performed by measuring hemagglutination activity (ha) in serum, an insensitive and variable test. ... | 2002 | 12495041 |
| mycoplasma gallinarum infection in commercial layers and onset of fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome. | fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (flhs) was observed in each of three trials in which commercial layers were utilized to determine the effect of mycoplasma gallinarum (mgn) on egg and eggshell quality parameters and egg production. in each of three trials, flhs occurred 31-54 days later in mgn-inoculated hens as compared with the mycoplasma-clean (control) hens. in trials 1 and 2, no therapeutic intervention was initiated to ameliorate flhs. in trial 3, therapeutic intervention was instituted an ... | 2003 | 12887206 |
| a chicken meat infusion medium enriched with avian serum for cultivation of an avian pleuropneumonialike organism, mycoplasma gallinarum. | | 1956 | 13427420 |
| rupture of bacteria by explosive decompression. | foster, john w. (university of georgia, athens), robert m. cowan, and ted a. maag. rupture of bacteria by explosive decompression. j. bacteriol. 83:330-334. 1962.-a device is described for instantaneously rupturing bacteria and other cells in a closed system under controlled conditions by explosive decompression. with this device, 31 to 59% of serratia marcescens, ranging up to 20 mg (dry wt) of cells per ml, were ruptured after nitrogen saturation at 1740 psi. under similar conditions, 10 to 25 ... | 1962 | 13894242 |
| antibiotic control of an experimental mycoplasma gallinarum (pplo) infection in chickens. | | 1960 | 14409429 |
| an evaluation of various antibiotics against a mycoplasma gallinarum infection in eggs. | | 1960 | 14434104 |
| identification and initial characterization of a putative mycoplasma gallinarum leucine aminopeptidase gene. | aminopeptidases (apn) may play a role in host colonization of m. gallinarum. characterization of endogenous apn activity suggests that the leucine apn (lap) of m. gallinarum is a metallo-aminopeptidase activated by mn2+ and is present in the cytosol and possibly associated with the inner leaflet of the membrane. a 1.36-kb open reading frame (orf) identified from overlapping genomic phage clones showed 68% nucleotide identity and 51% amino acid identity with the m. salivarium lap gene. this orf i ... | 2004 | 15018100 |
| isolation and characterization of unusual mycoplasma spp. from captive eurasian griffon (gyps fulvus) in sicily. | mycoplasmas have been isolated from birds of prey during clinical examinations, but their significance to the health of raptors is unclear. we report the isolation and characterization of four mycoplasmas found in the upper respiratory tract of four sick eurasian griffon (gyps fulvus) that were housed in a sicilian rehabilitation center at ficuzza, near palermo in sicily, before reintroduction into the wild. these included mycoplasma gallinarum, an unidentified mycoplasma highly similar to mycop ... | 2008 | 18263832 |
| an epizootiological study of avian mycoplasmas in southern spain. | an epizootiological study was carried out by investigation of 562 birds for mycoplasmas. the birds belonged to 18 different domestic and wild avian species of the following orders: galliformes, anseriformes, gruiformes, passeriformes, columbiformes, falconiformes, psittasiformes and trogoniformes. eighty nine (15%) of the trachea and oropharynx samples examined were mycoplasma positive and 108 mycoplasma isolates were obtained and identified by the growth inhibition test, using rabbit antisera a ... | 1990 | 18679976 |
| isolation of mycoplasmas from a buzzard, falcons and vultures. | thirteen mycoplasmas were isolated from a peregrine falcon (falco peregrinus), two saker falcons (falco cherrug), a buzzard (buteo buteo), a black vulture (aegypius monachus), and two griffon vultures (gypsfuhus). six of them could be identified: mycoplasma gallinarum (three isolates), m. columborale (two isolates) and m. anatis (one isolate). the remaining seven isolates did not react with antisera against the known avian mycoplasma species in the indirect immunofluorescence and growth inhibiti ... | 1990 | 18679987 |
| genotypic heterogeneity among strains of mycoplasma gallinarum. | seven field strains of mycoplasma gallinarum isolated from chickens on three local farms and the type strain pg 16 were compared by restriction endomiclease dna analysis using ecori, hindiii, bamhi, psti and xhol. the restriction patterns generated by the first four enzymes indicated considerable dna polymorphisms among m. gallinarum strains. field strains revealed 3 distinct patterns of the genomic dna which differed from that of the pg 16 strain. bamhi enabled easy distinguishing between relat ... | 1991 | 18680067 |
| mycoplasma infection of geese. 1. incidence of mycoplasmas and acholeplasmas in geese. | this paper presents data about the isolation of members of the order mycoplasmatales from material of goose origin. acholeplasma laidlawii strains were isolated from 2 to 8 day old goslings with heavy fibrinous airsacculitis, peritonitis and perihepatitis. losses reached 30% of the flock by the end of the 8th week of age. acholeplasma axanthum strains were detected in goose-embryos that died on the 13th day of incubation. a significant loss (up to 60%) of embryos was observed in the flock and so ... | 1975 | 18777290 |
| proteomics inference of genes involved in host adaptation of mycoplasma gallinarum. | different from most other host-specific mycoplasmas, mycoplasma gallinarum has been isolated from various hosts, such as poultry, pig, cattle, and sheep. the wide distribution among different hosts, the low pathogenesis, and the weak host immunological responses suggest this mycoplasma has a unique host adaptation mechanism. in this study, we applied two-dimensional liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (2d lc-ms/ms) to characterize the protein profiling of m. ga ... | 2010 | 20378283 |
| detection and differentiation of avian mycoplasmas by surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy based on silver nanorod array. | mycoplasma gallisepticum is a bacterial pathogen of poultry that is estimated to cause annual losses exceeding $780 million. the national poultry improvement plan guidelines recommend regular surveillance and intervention strategies to contain m. gallisepticum infections and ensure mycoplasma-free avian stocks, but several factors make its detection and diagnosis a major challenge. current techniques are laborious, require special expertise, and are typically plagued by false results. in this st ... | 2011 | 22210215 |
| development and application of a multiplex pcr assay for rapid detection of 4 major bacterial pathogens in ducks. | infections with pasteurella multocida, salmonella enterica, riemerella anatipestifer, and escherichia coli result in high morbidity and mortality, which cause significant economic loss in the poultry industry. it can be difficult to distinguish these pathogens based on clinical signs because these pathogens can cause similar clinical signs and coinfections can occur. thus, rapid and sensitive detection of these 4 major bacterial pathogens are important in ducks. the aim of this study was to deve ... | 2013 | 23571324 |
| genome sequences of two tunisian field strains of avian mycoplasma, m. meleagridis and m. gallinarum. | mycoplasma meleagridis and mycoplasma gallinarum are bacteria that affect birds, but little is known about the genetic basis of their interaction with chickens and other poultry. here, we sequenced the genomes of m. meleagridis strain mm_26b8_ipt and m. gallinarum strain mgn_ipt, both isolated from chickens showing respiratory symptoms, poor growth, reduction in hatchability, and loss of production. | 2016 | 27313300 |