| characterization of dutch porcine serpulina (treponema) isolates by restriction endonuclease analysis and dna hybridization. | genomes of 55 dutch porcine serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae and non-pathogenic serpulina isolates were characterized by restriction endonuclease analysis (rea) and dna hybridization. the dutch porcine isolates were compared with american type culture collection (atcc) strains of s. hyodysenteriae and s. innocens and isolates of s. hyodysenteriae with known serotypes (reference strains). rea of the dutch s. hyodysenteriae isolates resulted in two main patterns, while the non-pathogenic isola ... | 1992 | 1328472 |
| virulent serpulina hyodysenteriae from a pig in a herd free of clinical swine dysentery. | | 1992 | 1441137 |
| semisynthetic hygromycin a analogs: synthesis and anti-bacterial activity of derivatives lacking the furanose moiety. | | 1992 | 1474003 |
| a camp-like phenomenon in serpulina (treponema) spp. | a camp-like phenomenon was observed in 40 serpulina (treponema) isolates from the intestines of pigs, dogs, mice and rats. the strains examined included reference strains of the serotypes 1-4 of serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae and serpulina (treponema) innocens. the possible pathogenic importance of this phenomenon is discussed. | 1992 | 1486230 |
| isolation and characterisation of intestinal spirochaetes. | faeces or rectal swabs from 1527 subjects were examined for the presence of intestinal spirochaetes by anaerobic culture on blood agar incorporating spectinomycin (400 mg/l). twenty three specimens (1.5%) were positive, and only one of these came from a patient with diarrhoea. all positive specimens came from either asians or known homosexuals. comparative tests showed a close phenotypic similarity between the human isolates and non-pathogenic porcine intestinal spirochaetes. these organisms dif ... | 1986 | 3722407 |
| unusual in vitro formation of cyst-like structures associated with human intestinal spirochaetosis. | spirochaetes were isolated from rectal biopsies of three patients and successfully cultured. enzymatic reactions and electron microscopy revealed spirochaetes resembling brachyspira aalborgi. examination of ultrathin sections of centrifugates of cultured spirochaetes yielded unusual cyst-like structures with an outer double membrane containing spirochaetes in different developmental stages. the protoplasmic cylinders seemed to originate from a large electron-dense focus in the cyst-like structur ... | 1989 | 2497003 |
| current taxonomy of medically important nonsporing anaerobes. | this review deals mainly with the taxonomy of the genera and species in the family bacteroidaceae. it has been proposed that the genus bacteroides should be restricted to include the "bacteroides fragilis group" and that the asaccharolytic black-pigmented bacteroides species be transferred to a new genus, porphyromonas. new bacteroides, fusobacterium, and selenomonas species have been described. a high degree of heterogeneity is apparently present among peptostreptococcus species. mobiluncus is ... | 1990 | 2406865 |
| [intestinal spirochetosis in hiv infection: prevalence, isolation and morphology of spirochetes]. | the prevalence of intestinal spirochaetosis was investigated in 39 hiv-positive homosexual males (mean age 39 [24-65] years) in different stages of hiv infection (3 with the lymphadenopathy syndrome, 8 with aids-related complex and 28 with aids). biopsies for cultural and histological demonstration of spirochaetes were obtained during routine ileoscopies. at the time of examination 35 of the 39 patients had intestinal symptoms. 27 patients had had no previous antimicrobial treatment. in 12 of th ... | 1990 | 2209434 |
| an enhanced murine model for studies of serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae pathogenesis. | a defined diet was used to increase the susceptibility of mice to serpulina hyodysenteriae. balb/cbyj, c3h/hen, and c3h/hej mice, when fed the defined diet 7 to 14 days prior to and throughout the challenge period, consistently showed higher incidences of disease than mice maintained on normal rodent chow. the use of this defined diet will increase the consistency of in vivo studies following infection with s. hyodysenteriae in the mouse model. | 1992 | 1639511 |
| a 16-kilodalton lipoprotein of the outer membrane of serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae. | serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae p18a and vs1 were extracted by using the detergent triton x-114 and separated into detergent and aqueous phases. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western immunoblot analysis confirmed that a membrane-associated 16-kda antigen was hydrophobic, since it was found in the detergent phase. a 45-kda antigen partitioned into the aqueous phase, suggesting that it was hydrophilic and may be of periplasmic origin. when spirochetes were grow ... | 1992 | 1639479 |
| cloning and dna sequence analysis of a serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae gene encoding a periplasmic flagellar sheath protein. | a serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae expression library was constructed in vector lambda zap and screened with a polyclonal antiserum raised against s. hyodysenteriae periplasmic flagella. a single immunoreactive plaque was chosen for further analysis. the recombinant phage from this plaque contained a gene encoding the 44-kda protein that is on the outer layer (or sheath) of the periplasmic flagella. dna sequence analysis showed that the gene encodes a protein of 320 amino acids. the protein ... | 1992 | 1612759 |
| cp-82,009, a potent polyether anticoccidial related to septamycin and produced by actinomadura sp. | a new polyether antibiotic cp-82,009 (c49h84o17) was isolated by solvent extraction from the fermentation broth of actinomadura sp. (atcc 53676). following purification by column chromatography and crystallization, the structure of cp-82,009 was elucidated by spectroscopic (nmr and ms) methods. the absolute stereochemistry was determined by a single crystal x-ray analysis of the corresponding rubidium salt. cp-82,009 is among the most potent anticoccidial agents known, effectively controlling th ... | 1992 | 1577662 |
| pathogenicity of human and porcine intestinal spirochetes in one-day-old specific-pathogen-free chicks: an animal model of intestinal spirochetosis. | one-day-old chicks were infected orally with two strains of weakly hemolytic spirochetes isolated from a human and a pig with intestinal spirochetosis. these spirochetosis both colonized birds, attached end-on to their cecal enterocytes, induced watery diarrhea, and significantly depressed growth rates. cultures of serpulina innocens failed to colonize the chicks. | 1995 | 7642310 |
| monoclonal antibodies to a 16-kda antigen of serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were produced to an outer-envelope preparation from serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae, the aetiological agent of swine dysentery. three mabs (isotype igg1) were obtained. all three recognised a 16-kda antigen that was common to most strains of s. hyodysenteriae of different serotypes but was absent from nonpathogenic, porcine intestinal spirochaetes. immunofluorescence and immunogold labelling studies showed that the 16-kda antigen was exposed on the surface of in ... | 1992 | 1518039 |
| comparison of six commercially available transport media for maintenance of serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae. | two anaerobic (a1 and a2), 1 selective (s1), and 3 conventional (c1, c2, and c3) transport media formulations were compared for their capacity to maintain the viability of serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae. initial experiments compared the recovery of s. hyodysenteriae from pure cultures held in each transport medium for 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 days at -40 c, 4 c, 25 c, and 36 c. subsequent experiments compared each transport medium for maintenance of s. hyodysenteriae in fecal specimens obtai ... | 1992 | 1515490 |
| the periplasmic flagella of serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae are composed of two sheath proteins and three core proteins. | the major components of the periplasmic flagella of the spirochaete serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae strain c5 were purified and characterized. we demonstrate that the periplasmic flagella are composed of five major proteins (molecular masses 44, 37, 35, 34 and 32 kda) and present their location, n-terminal amino acid sequence and immunological relationship. the 44 kda and the 35 kda protein are on the sheath of the periplasmic flagellum, whereas the 37, 34 and 32 kda protein reside in the p ... | 1992 | 1487733 |
| spirochete chemotaxis, motility, and the structure of the spirochetal periplasmic flagella. | spirochetes have a unique motility system that is characterized by flagellar filaments contained within the outer membrane sheath. direct evidence using video microscopy has recently been obtained which indicates that these periplasmic flagella (pf) rotate in several spirochetal species. this rotation generates thrust. as shown for one spirochete, spirochaeta aurantia, motility is driven by a proton motive force. spirochete chemotaxis has been most thoroughly studied in s. aurantia. this spiroch ... | 1992 | 1475520 |
| virginiamycin susceptibility of serpulina hyodysenteriae, in vitro and in vivo. | | 1992 | 1441115 |
| the serological grouping system for serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae. | lipopolysaccharide from serostrains of serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae for serogroups a to i was characterized using sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining. all strains had lipopolysaccharide components ranging from 10 to 16 kda that represented lipid a-core polysaccharide regions, and short o-antigen side chain were also recognized in certain immunoblots. serological reactions between lipopolysaccharide and antisera against each of these serostrains w ... | 1992 | 1397114 |
| characterization of serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae and related intestinal spirochetes by ribosomal rna gene restriction patterns. | serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae strain a-1 partially purified rrna, labelled with photobiotin, was used as a non-radioactive probe to identify the rrna gene restriction patterns of s. hyodysenteriae strains and other spirochetes. sau3a restriction enzyme digests resulted in similar rrna gene restriction patterns in s. hyodysenteriae strains from five different countries. some s. hyodysenteriae strains could be differentiated by variations in their rrna gene restriction patterns after cleava ... | 1992 | 1354196 |
| morphologic analysis of enteric lesions in conventional and streptomycin-treated inbred c3h/hen mice infected with serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae. | oral administration of streptomycin is known to enhance the susceptibility of mice to enteric pathogens by altering the indigenous flora. we examined the effect of oral streptomycin treatment on the susceptibility of inbred c3h/hen mice to infection with serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae. a total of 56 mice were randomly divided into four groups (a-d) of 14 each. from days 0 to 7, mice in groups a and b received streptomycin in their drinking water and mice in groups c and d served as control ... | 1992 | 1316514 |
| molecular characterization of serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae isolates representing serotypes 8 and 9. | the study described here was carried out to further characterize reference strains of serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae representing serotypes 8 and 9. results obtained from restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, enteropathogenicity testing, and endotoxin profiles confirmed their identifications. electron microscopy indicated that both strains were covered with a thin layer of capsule-like material. immunoblot analysis indicated that an antigen in the 19-kda region of proteinase k ... | 1992 | 1280646 |
| characterization of serpulina hyodysenteriae isolates of serotypes 8 and 9 from quebec by restriction endonuclease fingerprinting and ribotyping. | this study was undertaken to assess the discriminatory value of restriction endonuclease fingerprinting (ref) analysis and ribotyping of 21 serpulina hyodysenteriae isolates of serotypes 8 and 9. for ref analysis, dnas were digested with the bglii restriction enzyme and the resultant fragments were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. for ribotyping, hybridization of bglii genomic fragments with a probe of rrnb operon using an escherichia coli rdna probe was performed on all isolates ... | 1994 | 7534207 |
| the use of 16s rdna sequence analysis to investigate the phylogeny of leptospiraceae and related spirochaetes. | the 16s rdna sequences from 15 leptospiraceae were determined by automated pcr-directed cycle sequencing. nucleotide comparisons, including those from published sequences for leptospira canicola moulton and serpulina spp., were used to construct phylogenetic trees. serpulina hyodysenteriae and s. innocens were related to each other but were distinct from the leptospiraceae comprising leptospira parva incertae sedis (turneria parva h), leptonema illini and leptospira spp. the pathogenic and the s ... | 1993 | 7506293 |
| distribution of the smpa gene from serpulina hyodysenteriae among intestinal spirochaetes. | forty intestinal spirochaete strains were investigated for nucleotide sequences related to the smpa locus from serpulina hyodysenteriae by southern hybridization of chromosomal dna using the smpa locus from s. hyodysenteriae strain p18a as a probe and by pcr using primers internal to the smpa gene. the intensity of the hybridization signal at high stringency and positive pcr results suggested that 12 s. hyodysenteriae strains possessed a similar nucleotide sequence. pcr was negative for another ... | 1995 | 7496514 |
| production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against serpulina hyodysenteriae and s. innocens and their use in serotyping. | murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed against serotypes 1, 2, 8, and 9 of serpulina hyodysenteriae and strain b256 of serpulina innocens were produced and characterized. a serological classification of 96 field strains of s. hyodysenteriae and 28 field strains of s. innocens isolated from pigs showing clinical signs of swine dysentery was performed by rapid dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with the mabs. the results indicated that the majority of the field strains of s. hyody ... | 1995 | 7494066 |
| survival of serpulina hyodysenteriae in an effluent lagoon. | to determine the survival of serpulina hyodysenteriae in an infected lagoon that received effluent from a confinement building housing swine dysentery-infected swine. | 1995 | 7493879 |
| intestinal spirochetosis: morphological characterization and cultivation of the spirochete brachyspira aalborgi gen. nov., sp. nov. | the ultrastructure of spirochetes obtained from rectal biopsies of patients with intestinal spirochetosis was studied by means of negative staining and ultrathin sectioning. the cells were sigmoidal with tapered ends, 2 to 6 microns long, with a wavelength of 2 microns. four flagella were inserted at each end of the cells. the maximal cell width was about 0.2 microns. the spirochetes were cultured on tryptose soy blood agar plates. they were anaerobic and grew, although very slowly, at 37 to 38. ... | 1982 | 6186689 |
| intestinal spirochetosis of the vermiform appendix. | a series of 681 surgically removed appendices were examined for spirochetes. five hundred seventy-four appendices were removed because of suspected acute appendicitis; the rest were removed per occasionem. one hundred six of the former were histologically normal, whereas 421 showed acute appendicitis. the remaining 47 specimens showed a variety of other pathological conditions, for example, tumors and diverticula. spirochetes were found in 13 (12.3%) of the appendices removed from patients clini ... | 1985 | 3972236 |
| proposed pathogenic mechanism for the diarrhea associated with human intestinal spirochetes. | spirochetes resembling brachyspira aalborgi were found in the feces and rectal biopsies of a patient with persistent diarrhea. although the organism failed to grow on bacteriologic media, it was found attached to the surfaces of the epithelial cells on the rectal lumen. blunting and destruction of the cellular microvilli was evident. these induced pathologic cell surface changes, together with the presence of intracellular bacteria in the cells of the rectal colon, suggest a pathogenic mechanism ... | 1986 | 3776923 |
| evaluation of different serological tests for detection of antibodies against serpulina hyodysenteriae in pig sera. | swine dysentery is a mucohemorrhagic diarrheal disease caused by s. hyodysenteriae. the detection of asymptomatic carriers in herds is possible by serological tests. however, cross-reactions between s. hyodysenteriae and s. innocens pose a major problem in serological diagnosis. several serological tests were evaluated for detection of antibodies to s. hyodysenteriae such as: indirect hemagglutination, passive hemolysis, conglutination and microagglutination tests. among the tests used, only the ... | 1995 | 7554822 |
| identification and characterization of serpulina hyodysenteriae by restriction enzyme analysis and southern blot analysis. | chromosomal dna restriction enzyme analysis and southern blot hybridization were used to characterize serpulina hyodysenteriae strains. when chromosomal dnas from selected strains (reference serotypes) of s. hyodysenteriae were digested with the restriction endonuclease sau3a and hybridized with a 1.1-kb s. hyodysenteriae-specific dna probe, a common 3-kb band was always detected in s. hyodysenteriae strains but was absent from serpulina innocens strains. when the chromosomal dna was digested wi ... | 1994 | 7914209 |
| a monoclonal antibody reacting with the cell envelope of spirochaetes isolated from cases of intestinal spirochaetosis in pigs and humans. | a monoclonal antibody (mab) designed bjl/ac1 was prepared against the cell envelope of an intestinal spirochaete (strain 3295) that was isolated from a pig with intestinal spirochaetosis. the mab reacted with a band of approximately 29 kda in cell envelope preparations from 13 porcine and 11 human spirochaetes isolated from cases of intestinal spirochaetosis, but did not react with preparations made from a range of other intestinal spirochaetes. immunogold labelling demonstrated that the reactiv ... | 1995 | 7557328 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility testing of serpulina hyodysenteriae. | the macrobroth dilution technique was used to test the in-vitro effectiveness of 4 commonly used antimicrobial agents against 23 australian isolates and 7 overseas strains of serpulina hyodysenteriae. minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentrations were determined. the growth of 90% of isolates was inhibited by dimetridazole at a concentration of 4 micrograms/ml, and by tiamulin at 8 micrograms/ml. australian isolates resistant to both antimicrobial agents were identifi ... | 1994 | 7945100 |
| production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific for lipooligosaccharide of serpulina hyodysenteriae. | serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae is the causative agent of swine dysentery, a contagious mucohemorrhagic disease of the colon. diagnosis of swine dysentery is extremely difficult because of the presence of cross-reactive antibodies to the proteins of s. hyodysenteriae and serpulina innocens, a nonpathogenic inhabitant of the porcine large intestine. therefore, monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the serotype-specific lipooligosaccharide (los) antigens of s. hyodysenteriae were produced to r ... | 1995 | 7559965 |
| proposal to change the genus designation serpula to serpulina gen. nov. containing the species serpulina hyodysenteriae comb. nov. and serpulina innocens comb. nov. | the bacterial genus serpula stanton et al. 1991 is illegitimate due to the existence of a fungal genus serpula pers. ex s. f. gray. consequently, a new genus designation, serpulina, is proposed for this spirochete genus. serpula hyodysenteriae, the type species, and serpula innocens stanton et al. 1991, therefore, become serpulina hyodysenteriae comb. nov. and serpulina innocens comb. nov. | 1992 | 1736966 |
| certain canine weakly beta-hemolytic intestinal spirochetes are phenotypically and genotypically related to spirochetes associated with human and porcine intestinal spirochetosis. | four canine weakly beta-hemolytic intestinal spirochetes associated with intestinal spirochetosis (is-associated wbhis) were compared with is-associated human and porcine wbhis and the type species for serpulina hyodysenteriae and s. innocens by using phenotypic and genotypic parameters. the is-associated canine, human, and porcine wbhis belonged to a phyletic group distinct from but related to previously described serpulina type species. | 1995 | 7559984 |
| inactivation of serpulina hyodysenteriae flaa1 and flab1 periplasmic flagellar genes by electroporation-mediated allelic exchange. | serpulina hyodysenteriae, the etiologic agent of swine dysentery, contains complex periplasmic flagella which are composed of multiple class a and class b polypeptides. to examine the role these proteins play in flagellar synthesis, structure, and function and to develop strains which may provide insight into the importance of motility in the etiology of this pathogen, we constructed specific periplasmic flagellar mutations in s. hyodysenteriae b204. the cloned flaa1 and flab1 genes were disrupt ... | 1995 | 7592350 |
| rapid detection of serpulina hyodysenteriae in diagnostic specimens by pcr. | a pcr assay for the detection of serpulina hyodysenteriae in diagnostic specimens was developed on the basis of sequence analysis of a recombinant clone designated pred3c6. clone pred3c6, which contained a 2.3-kb dna fragment unique to s. hyodysenteriae, was identified by screening a plasmid library of s. hyodysenteriae isolate b204 genomic dna in escherichia coli by colony immunoblot with the mouse monoclonal antibody 10g6/g10, which was produced against cell-free supernatant antigens from the ... | 1994 | 8077394 |
| dna probe and polymerase chain reaction procedure for the specific detection of serpulina hyodysenteriae. | serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae, a gram-negative anaerobic spirochete, is the causative agent of swine dysentery, a mucohaemorrhagic diarrheal disease in which lesions are confined to the large intestine of pigs. a dna probe and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification procedures which are specific, rapid , and sensitive for the detection of s.hyodysenteriae have been developed. clone pf12 from a plasmid library of s.hyodysenteriae b204 genomic dna was identified as a clone specific fo ... | 1995 | 7603470 |
| growth of serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae under iron-restricted conditions. | reference strains of serpulina hyodysenteriae expressed at least three iron-regulated proteins with apparent molecular masses of > 200, 134, and 109 kda when grown under iron-restricted conditions. cells of s. hyodysenteriae grown under these conditions also showed increased outer membrane bleb formation when examined by electron microscopy after negative staining. s. hyodysenteriae did not use the 2 most common types of siderophore, namely catechol and hydroxamate. western blotting with serum f ... | 1995 | 7648528 |
| the cytotoxic properties of serpulina hyodysenteriae. | examination of colonic enterocytes inoculate with pure culture of s. hyodysenteriae by phase-contrast microscopy revealed that only few spirochaetes adhere to epithelial cells. s. hyodysenteriae was observed to be highly motile, showed corkscrew-like movement which might suggest that bacteria were trying to penetrate and damaged the host cells. the pattern of motility provide evidence of a chemotaxis. supernatant of s.hyodysenteriae lysate were found to cause cte in cho, vero and pk-15 culture. ... | 1995 | 7660860 |
| expression of the smpa outer membrane lipoprotein of serpulina hyodysenteriae strain p18a in vivo. | an elisa has been developed using a monoclonal antibody (f325 ac4) to the smpa surface lipoprotein of serpulina hyodysenteriae strain p18a when grown in vitro. the lower level of detection of the elisa was approximately 5 x 10(6) spirochaetes/ml when spirochaetes were either resuspended in phosphate buffered saline or in pig faeces. when pigs were challenged with s. hyodysenteriae strain p18a the lipoprotein was detected in the faeces of pigs by elisa when the numbers of spirochaetes excreted wa ... | 1995 | 7667904 |
| comparative distribution and taxonomic value of cellular fatty acids in thirty-three genera of anaerobic gram-negative bacilli. | cellular fatty acid profiles were determined for species in 33 genera of anaerobic gram-negative bacilli and were confirmed to be a useful taxonomic tool. most of the genera could be differentiated by visual inspection of their profiles. the three genus pairs that were most difficult to distinguish visually (bacteroides and prevotella, pectinatus and megamonas, and serpulina and bilophila) and the species of these genera were differentiated by the midi (microbial id, inc.) identification system. ... | 1994 | 8186100 |
| serpulina hyodysenteriae challenge of fattening pigs vaccinated with anadjuvanted bivalent bacterin against swine dysentery. | an experimental fattening period was performed with 36 pigs in order to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a bivalent adjuvanted serpulina hyodysenteriae bacterin. the pigs originated from three different farms and were split into six groups. eighteen pigs were vaccinated twice, two weeks apart and the rest served as controls. one unvaccinated pig in each group was inoculated intragastrically with 4 x 10(8) active s. hyodysenteriae spirochaetes, b 78 strain. weight evolution, clinical symptoms, ... | 1995 | 7668035 |
| pathogenicity of porcine intestinal spirochetes in gnotobiotic pigs. | twelve intestinal spirochete strains of porcine origin were characterized on the basis of their phenotypic properties, by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, and by pathogenicity testing in gnotobiotic pigs. the spirochetes used included two strains of serpulina hyodysenteriae (b204 and p18a), two strains of serpulina innocens (b256 and 4/71), one strain from the proposed new genus and species "anguillina coli" (p43/6/78), and seven non-s. hyodysenteriae strains recently isolated from united king ... | 1994 | 8188364 |
| susceptibility of porcine ileal enterocytes to the cytotoxin of serpulina hyodysenteriae and the resolution of the epithelial lesions: an electron microscopic study. | the cytotoxin from serpulina hyodysenteriae was injected into ileal loops of eight germ-free pigs, and the effects on the villi were observed after 1, 3, and 18 hours of exposure. the mature vacuolated villus enterocytes of the proximal part of the absorptive villi were most susceptible to the lethal effects of the cytotoxin and were extensively exfoliated. the enterocytes at the base of the villi, the goblet cells, and the follicle-associated epithelium of the dome villi, particularly the m cel ... | 1995 | 7725595 |
| effect of terdecamycin on experimentally induced swine dysentery in pigs. | the authors evaluated the effect of terdecamycin, a novel antibiotic, on experimentally induced serpulina (s.) hyodysenteriae infection in pigs. in a prophylactic test, feed containing terdecamycin was fed to pigs for 7 days before inoculation and 21 days after inoculation. dysenteric diarrhea, development of lesions in the large intestinal mucosa and colonization of s. hyodysenteriae in colonic mucosa were completely inhibited by treatment with 5 ppm or 10 ppm terdecamycin. in the therapeutic t ... | 1995 | 7756416 |
| comparative study of the enzyme activities of borrelia burgdorferi and other non-intestinal and intestinal spirochaetes. | comparative analysis of the enzymatic profiles of 58 spirochaetal isolates clearly differentiated borrelias from leptospires, serpulinas and a treponeme. strains of both borrelia burgdorferi and borrelia hermsii characteristically produced significant amounts of leucine arylamidase. this enzyme activity was not unique to borrelias but was also detected amongst pathogenic and non-pathogenic leptospira serovars. this fact, however, did not hamper a correct differentiation of borrelias from these s ... | 1995 | 7760753 |
| effect of divalent cations on hemolysin synthesis by serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae: inhibition induced by zinc and copper. | serpulina hyodysenteriae produces an oxygen-stable heat-labile hemolysin that may be an important virulence factor in the pathogenesis of swine dysentery. we examined the effect of ca2+, co2+, cu2+, fe2+, mg2+, mn2+, ni2+, and zn2+ on the hemolytic activity of cell-free supernatant (cfs) from s. hyodysenteriae, isolate b204. cells harvested from late logarithmic phase cultures were incubated in phosphate-buffered saline containing glucose and rna-core (pbs-gr) with or without cations and the hem ... | 1994 | 7801526 |
| identification and partial characterization of a group of weakly beta-hemolytic intestinal spirochetes of swine distinct from serpulina innocens isolate b256. | comparative analyses of a group of 16 weakly beta-hemolytic spirochetes isolated from feces and mucosal scrapings of intestines of swine in the midwestern united states, and eastern canada revealed the existence of a phenotypically and genotypically related group of 7 isolates. although isolates in this group differed from all known reference isolates of intestinal spirochetes of swine, partial similarity was detected with s. joneseae isolate 16, a newly identified weakly beta-hemolytic intestin ... | 1993 | 8296452 |
| the role of hemolysin(s) in the pathogenesis of serpulina hyodysenteriae. | serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae, an anaerobic beta hemolytic spirochaete, is the etiologic agent of swine dysentery. not much is known at present about the virulence factors of s. hyodysenteriae. however, the hemolysin production of this bacterium is generally accepted to be a virulence factor. to study the exact role of hemolysin production in the pathogenesis of swine dysentery, the gene encoding a hemolysin, tly, was cloned and its nucleotide sequence determined. after inactivation of th ... | 1993 | 8347935 |
| characterization of two dna probes specific for serpulina hyodysenteriae. | two dna probes, one 1.1- and one 0.75-kb probe, specific for serpulina hyodysenteriae were isolated from a genomic library generated from virulent s. hyodysenteriae 5380. these probes are highly specific and react with all s. hyodysenteriae strains tested. under stringent conditions, the dna probes did not react with the nonpathogenic species serpulina innocens or with other species of enteric bacteria, including escherichia coli. both probes are able to detect s. hyodysenteriae in colony blot h ... | 1993 | 8349750 |
| isolation of extracytoplasmic proteins from serpulina hyodysenteriae b204 and molecular cloning of the flab1 gene encoding a 38-kilodalton flagellar protein. | extracytoplasmic proteins were released from serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae (strain b204) by treatment of whole cells with a nonionic detergent (tween 20). centrifugation of the tween 20-released proteins at 100,000 x g sedimented 10 major extracytoplasmic proteins with approximate molecular masses of 44, 43.5, 42, 39, 38, 34, 33.5, 33, 31, and 29 kda. treatment of the sedimented fraction with 6 m urea solubilized all of the proteins except the 39-kda protein. peptide sequences were obtain ... | 1995 | 7806350 |
| comparison of outer-membrane fractions of serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae. | sarkosyl-insoluble fractions (outer-membrane proteins) and endoflagella (ef) fractions of serpulina hyodysenteriae serotypes 1-7 were examined for protein differences using sds-page. both the outer-membrane proteins (omp) and endoflagella were also examined for antigenicity using porcine sera from acutely infected and convalescent swine. seven major staining proteins were resolved in outer-membrane enriched fractions ranging in molecular weight between 42 and 32 kda. a comparison of purified ef ... | 1993 | 8362492 |
| identification of a new intestinal spirochete with pathogenicity for chickens. | two intestinal spirochete isolates obtained from chickens with diarrhea were examined by electron microscopy, biochemical tests, rrna gene restriction pattern analysis, and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. one isolate (strain 91-1207/c1) was pathogenicity tested in vivo in chickens. the chicken spirochetes were morphologically indistinguishable from serpulina innocens and serpulina hyodysenteriae and phenotypically similar to s. innocens. however, the chicken spirochetes could be distinguished ... | 1995 | 7822007 |
| serogroups of australian isolates of serpulina hyodysenteriae. | | 1994 | 7848186 |
| bacterial immunogens and protective immunity in swine. | this review provides a limited discussion of antibody-mediated immune responses to bacterial pathogens which cause disease in swine. serum antibody titers or responses have been used to correlate immunization or convalescence with protection from a given disease or infectious agent. though much effort has been devoted to the elucidation of the host's antibody response to bacterial antigens, there are limited examples where an antibody response to a singular antigen has induced protection from di ... | 1994 | 7856042 |
| molecular cloning, expression, and dna sequence analysis of the gene that encodes the 16-kilodalton outer membrane lipoprotein of serpulina hyodysenteriae. | the gene (smpa) that encodes the 16-kda outer membrane lipoprotein of serpulina hyodysenteriae was cloned in escherichia coli, and its primary structure was determined by nucleotide sequencing. the putative open reading frame encodes a prolipoprotein of 16.8 kda which in its fully acylated and cleaved form is 15.1 kda. analysis of the n-terminal amino acid sequence derived from the dna sequence revealed the presence of a signal sequence and a putative acylation and signal peptidase ii cleavage s ... | 1993 | 8432595 |
| polymerase chain reaction for identification of human and porcine spirochaetes recovered from cases of intestinal spirochaetosis. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification of 16s rdna was developed to identify spirochaetes recovered from cases of intestinal spirochaetosis in humans and pigs; these bacteria belong to a distinct genetic group of spirochaetes, with the proposed name 'anguillina coli'. the pcr incorporated a universal eubacterial 16s rdna sequencing primer (1492r), and a 21-base forward primer designed to include a nucleotide sequence specific for 'a. coli'. the pcr was used to correctly identify dna ext ... | 1995 | 7875570 |
| morphometric analysis of enteric lesions in c3h/hen mice inoculated with serpulina hyodysenteriae serotypes 2 and 4 with or without oral streptomycin pretreatment. | the segmental distribution and sequential progression and the role of the indigenous bacterial flora in the development of enteric lesions associated with serpulina hyodysenteriae infection in laboratory mice have not been defined. we examined the distribution and sequential morphometric changes in the large intestine of mice orally inoculated with s. hyodysenteriae serotypes 2 and 4. to determine the role of colonization resistance conferred by the indigenous bacterial flora, 40 female c3h/hen ... | 1994 | 7889460 |
| comparison of serpulina hyodysenteriae b78, the type strain of the species, with other s. hyodysenteriae strains using enteropathogenicity studies and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. | the enteropathogenicity of serpulina hyodysenteriae b78, the type strain of the species, was compared with s. hyodysenteriae b204, a known pathogenic strain, in 7 week-old pigs. clinical signs of swine dysentery were observed in 11/18 pigs (61.1%) inoculated with s. hyodysenteriae strain b204. however, in pigs inoculated with s. hyodysenteriae b78, only 1/21 (4.8%) of the pigs became infected. the 21 pigs inoculated with strain b78 included four pigs which received 5-fold higher numbers of s. hy ... | 1993 | 7903832 |
| production of an inducible sucrase activity by serpulina hyodysenteriae. | strains of serpulina hyodysenteriae and serpulina innocens produced a cell-associated sucrase activity when grown in a medium containing sucrose. s. hyodysenteriae b204 sucrase activity cleaved sucrose and, to a lesser extent, raffinose and had a ph optimum of 5.7 to 6.2. this is the first report of an inducible enzyme produced by either s. hyodysenteriae or s. innocens. | 1994 | 7944375 |
| characterization of three putative serpulina hyodysenteriae hemolysins. | serpulina hyodysenteriae hemolysin is though to be an important virulence factor in swine dysentery. one gene, tlya, previously called tly, encoding a hemolysin in s. hyodysenteriae strain b204 has been characterized (muir et al. infect immun 1992; 60: 529-35). two other genes of s. hyodysenteria strain b204, designated tlyb and tlyc, encoding hemolytic proteins in escherichia coli strain dh5 alpha were cloned and sequenced. the tlyb and tlyc genes, when expressed in e. coli, encode heat-labile, ... | 1994 | 7968456 |
| analysis of five tylosin biosynthetic genes from the tyllba region of the streptomyces fradiae genome. | the tyllba region of the tylosin biosynthetic gene cluster of streptomyces fradiae contains at least five open reading frames (orfs). orf1 (tyli) encodes a cytochrome p450 and mutations in this gene affect macrolide ring hydroxylation. the product of orf2 (tylb) belongs to a widespread family of proteins whose functions are speculative, although tylb mutants are defective in the biosynthesis or addition of mycaminose during tylosin production. orfs 3 and 4 (tyla1 and tyla2) encode delta tdp-gluc ... | 1994 | 7984112 |
| evaluation of microagglutination test for differentiation between serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae and s. innocens and serotyping of s. hyodysenteriae. | swine dysentery is a mucohemorrhagic diarrheal disease caused by the anaerobic spirochete serpulina hyodysenteriae. at present, the serotyping is done by immunodiffusion testing with lipopolysaccharide (lps) extract as antigen and rabbit hyperimmune sera produced against different serotypes of s. hyodysenteriae. since the preparation of lps is time-consuming and requires a large quantity of bacteria, it is desirable to use a serotyping method which does not require the extraction of lps. in the ... | 1994 | 7989552 |
| chemotactic response to mucin by serpulina hyodysenteriae and other porcine spirochetes: potential role in intestinal colonization. | chemotaxis of porcine spirochetes towards a variety of mucins was measured quantitatively by a capillary method. a chemotaxis buffer consisting of 0.01 m potassium phosphate buffer (ph 7.0) and 0.2 mm l-cysteine hydrochloride was necessary for chemotaxis of spirochetes. the optimum incubation time and incubation temperature were 1 h and 40 degrees c, respectively. the mucin concentration also affected the chemotaxis observed, and a concentration of 1% (wt/vol) was near the optimum. virulent serp ... | 1994 | 8063433 |
| genetic similarity of intestinal spirochetes from humans and various animal species. | the chromosomal dna of spirochetes isolated from human, swine, dog, mouse, rat, and chicken intestine or feces was subjected to restriction enzyme analysis and hybridization with three different dna probes, derived from a flagellin gene, a hemolysin gene, and the 16s rdna sequence of the pathogenic swine intestinal spirochete serpulina hyodysenteriae. this genetic analysis showed that intestinal spirochetes represent a heterogeneous but related population of bacteria. in general, unique genotype ... | 1993 | 8096218 |
| physical and genetic map of the serpulina hyodysenteriae b78t chromosome. | a combined physical and genetic map of the serpulina hyodysenteriae b78t genome was constructed by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and dna blot hybridizations. the s. hyodysenteriae genome is a single circular chromosome about 3.2 mb in size. the physical map of the chromosome was constructed with the restriction enzymes bsshii, eclxi, noti, sali, and smai. the physical map was used to constructed a linkage map for genes encoding rrna, flagellum subunit proteins, dna gyrase, nadh oxidase, ... | 1994 | 8106320 |
| serpulina pilosicoli sp. nov., the agent of porcine intestinal spirochetosis. | phenotypic and genetic traits of porcine intestinal spirochete strain p43/6/78t (= atcc 51139t) (t = type strain), which is pathogenic and weakly beta-hemolytic, were determined in order to confirm the taxonomic position of this organism and its relationships to previously described species of intestinal spirochetes. in bhis broth, p43/6/78t cells had a doubling time of 1 to 2 h and grew to a maximum cell density of 2 x 10(9) cells per ml at 37 to 42 degrees c. they hydrolyzed hippurate, utilize ... | 1996 | 8573497 |
| exacerbated onset of dysentery in swine vaccinated with inactivated adjuvanted serpulina hyodysenteriae. | after oral challenge exposure with serpulina hyodysenteriae-infected diced colon, fewer swine vaccinated with an experimental vaccine adjuvanted with mineral oil died (8 of 25 [32%]) than did nonvaccinated controls (6 of 15 [40%]), although the difference was not significant. however, onset and exacerbation of dysentery were accelerated in vaccinated swine because: 5 of the 8 dead vaccinated swine died before any of the nonvaccinates, which was significant (p < 0.01); vaccinated swine that died ... | 1994 | 8141499 |
| genetic characterisation of intestinal spirochaetes and their association with disease. | multilocus enzyme electrophoresis was used to assess genetic relationships amongst 175 isolates of anaerobic intestinal spirochaetes, including 72 isolates from individuals living in different parts of the world, 102 from pigs and one from a dog. amongst porcine isolates belonging to the genus serpulina, a possible new species was identified. all but one of the isolates from man were clustered with the canine isolate and 59 porcine isolates in a distinct group that we have previously called "ang ... | 1994 | 8176724 |
| reduced virulence of serpulina hyodysenteriae hemolysin-negative mutants in pigs and their potential to protect pigs against challenge with a virulent strain. | the role of the serpulina hyodysenteriae hemolysin encoded by the tlya gene in the pathogenesis of swine dysentery (sd) was studied. tlya mutants of two s. hyodysenteriae strains (b204 and c5) were tested for virulence in pigs. none of the animals developed sd. however, after infection with wild-type strain b204 or c5, the incidence of sd was 100 or 60%, respectively. thus, the tlya-encoded hemolysin of s. hyodysenteriae is an important virulence factor in sd. the potential of these mutants to p ... | 1994 | 8188345 |
| identification and characterization of genus-specific epitopes of serpulina species using monoclonal antibodies. | four murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) designated as c9e8, a10, g12, and g8 which recognized both serpulina hyodysenteriae and s. innocens were produced and characterized. the mabs reacted with whole cell antigens in elisa, indirect immunofluorescence and immunoblot assays. the mabs did not show any cross reactivity in rapid dot elisa or immunoblot assay with leptospira icterohemorrhagiae, campylobacter jejuni and escherichia coli. treatment of whole cell suspension with proteinase k and sodiu ... | 1996 | 8701579 |
| phylogeny of human intestinal spirochaetes inferred from 16s rdna sequence comparisons. | the sequence of 1383 nucleotides of the dna encoding 16s rdna was determined for strains of human intestinal spirochaetes, comprising an unnamed isolate and "brachyspira aalborgi" nctc 11492. a phylogenetic tree was inferred from aligned sequence comparisons between the intestinal spirochaetes, representatives of the spirochaetales and escherichia coli. the type strain of brachyspira aalborgi, though related to the serpulina spp. at approx. 96.5% sequence similarity was distinct and separated fr ... | 1994 | 8200510 |
| prevalence of serpulina species in relation to diarrhea and feed medication in pig-rearing herds in sweden. | to determine prevalence of various pheno- and genotypes of serpulina sp in young pigs in relation to diarrhea and feed medication in swedish pig-rearing herds. | 1996 | 8725804 |
| intestinal spirochetosis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: ultrastructural studies of two cases. | two cases of intestinal spirochetosis (is) with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are reported. in case 1, a 48-year-old homosexual black man presented with a 1-month history of alternating watery diarrhea and constipation, which dissipated following the removal of two colonic hyperplastic polyps containing is. in case 2, a 26-year-old homosexual black man presented with a 3-month history of persistent bloody diarrhea and was found to have chronic shigellosis and is. pathologic findings of is w ... | 1995 | 7770958 |
| prophylactic effect of dietary zinc in a laboratory mouse model of swine dysentery. | reduced prevalence of diarrhea and mortality has been reported after dietary supplementation with zinc compounds in swine with naturally acquired colibacillosis and those challenge-exposed with serpulina hyodysenteriae; however, the usefulness of this approach for control of enteric diseases of swine remains to be determined. to examine the effect of dietary zinc-containing compounds on the colonization and development of cecal lesions associated with s hyodysenteriae infection, a defined diet a ... | 1995 | 7771701 |
| the phylogeny of intestinal porcine spirochetes (serpulina species) based on sequence analysis of the 16s rrna gene. | four type or reference strains and twenty-two field strains of intestinal spirochetes isolated from swedish pig herds were subjected to phylogenetic analysis based on 16s rrna sequences. almost complete (>95%) 16s rrna sequences were obtained by solid-phase dna sequencing of in vitro-amplified rrna genes. the genotypic patterns were compared with a previously proposed biochemical classification scheme, comprising beta-hemolysis, indole production, hippurate hydrolysis, and alpha-galactosidase, a ... | 1996 | 8763948 |
| pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for sub-specific differentiation of serpulina pilosicoli (formerly 'anguillina coli'). | pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) was developed for subspecific differentiation of serpulina pilosicoli, and was applied to 52 isolates recovered from cases of intestinal spirochaetosis (is) in pigs, dogs, human beings and various avian species. the technique was highly sensitive, differentiating the isolates into 40 groupings. only six groups contained more than one isolate; in five of these groups isolates with the same banding pattern were either from pigs in the same herds (four groups ... | 1996 | 8764512 |
| use of commercial enzyme kits and fatty acid production for the identification of serpulina hyodysenteriae: a potential misdiagnosis. | the accuracy of identification of serpulina hyodysenteriae strains grown in a complex medium was 90% when 2 commercial test kits were used. unlike the other s. hyodysenteriae strains, s. hyodysenteriae strain p35/2 was unusual in being indole negative. the nonpathogenic intestinal spirochete pws/a, which is from a different species, was indole positive and alpha-galactosidase negative. identification of these spirochetes on the basis of these kits alone would have been incorrect. the analysis of ... | 1995 | 7779972 |
| phenotypic characteristics of serpulina pilosicoli the agent of intestinal spirochaetosis. | the phenotypic characteristics of three serpulina pilosicoli strains isolated from humans with diarrhoea (wesb, kar, hrm7) and two porcine s. pilosicoli strains isolated from pigs with intestinal spirochaetosis (1648, 3295), were compared with the type strain of the species p43/6/78t (t = type strain) and other intestinal spirochaetes within the genus serpulina. all s. pilosicoli strains had a characteristic ultrastructural appearance, displayed similar growth rates, hydrolysed hippurate, lacked ... | 1996 | 8810504 |
| fermenter cultivation of intestinal spirochaetes. | we cultivated 6 strains of intestinal spirochaetes in a laboratory fermenter under constant conditions (medium, physical-chemical parameters) in a permanent gas flow. it has been possible to demonstrate that the application of the fermenter technique for the cultivation of spirochaetes is a suitable method which can be easily standardized. | 1993 | 8350243 |
| genetic relationships between isolates of serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae, and comparison of methods for their subspecific differentiation. | multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (mee) was used to examine the extent of genetic diversity amongst 98 isolates of serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae. the species contained four major genetic divisions (a, b, c and d) and 29 electrophoretic types (ets). division d was relatively distinct, being separated from the other three divisions by fixed allelic differences at an average of 6.6 of 15 enzyme loci. electrophoretic differences were compared with results of dna restriction endonuclease analy ... | 1993 | 8383375 |
| molecular analysis of a flagellar core protein gene of serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae. | the flab2 gene encoding a protein located in the core of the periplasmic flagella of serpulina hyodysenteriae was cloned and sequenced. the flab2 protein consists of 285 amino acids and has a calculated molecular mass of 31.1 kda. southern blot analysis indicated that at least one, and possibly two genes related to flab2 are present in the genome of s. hyodysenteriae. comparison of the amino acid sequence of flab2 to sequences present in data banks showed significant similarity with the core fla ... | 1993 | 8409912 |
| human intestinal spirochetes are distinct from serpulina hyodysenteriae. | twenty-nine intestinal spirochetes isolated from australian aboriginal children and six strains from italian adults (hrm1, -2, -4, -5, -7, and -14) were genetically examined at 15 enzyme loci by using multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. results were compared with those previously obtained for 188 porcine intestinal spirochetes. dna from human strain hrm7 and porcine strain serpulina hyodysenteriae p18a were also radioactively labeled and hybridized with dna from 12 other human and porcine intesti ... | 1993 | 8417025 |
| light microscopic and ultrastructural changes in the ceca of chicks inoculated with human and canine serpulina pilosicoli. | light microscopic and ultrastructural changes were observed in chicks challenged with north american serpulina pilosicoli, a weakly beta-hemolytic intestinal spirochete (wbhis) associated with human and canine intestinal spirochetosis. chicks in control groups received trypticase soy broth or canine serpulina innocens. the birds were necropsied at weekly intervals, and the ceca were processed for bacteriologic and pathologic examinations. no wbhis were isolated from the ceca of chicks in the con ... | 1996 | 8885181 |
| experimental infection of newly weaned pigs with human and porcine strains of serpulina pilosicoli. | cultures of serpulina pilosicoli 95/1000, isolated from a pig with porcine intestinal spirochetosis (pis), and s. pilosicoli wesb, isolated from an aboriginal child with diarrhea, were used to infect 5-week-old newly weaned pigs. four of 12 pigs infected with strain 95/1000 and 2 of 12 pigs infected with strain wesb became colonized and developed watery, mucoid diarrhea within 2 to 11 days postinfection. affected pigs all had moderate subacute mucosal colitis, with gross and histological changes ... | 1996 | 8890220 |
| the porcine intestinal spirochaetes: identification of new genetic groups. | the weakly beta-haemolytic isolates were divided into 56 electrophoretic types (ets), contained in three distinct genetic groups (a,b and c). group a corresponded to the genus serpulina, and could be divided into three divisions. it contained 17 weakly haemolytic isolates in divisions b and c, as well as all 98 isolates of s. hyodysenteriae, located in division a. all seven weakly beta-haemolytic isolates that produced indole and had alpha-glucosidase but not alpha-galactosidase activity fell in ... | 1993 | 8460469 |
| experiences with a vaccine being developed for the control of swine dysentery. | a prototype vaccine that is being developed for the control of swine dysentery (sd) was tested in two groups of experimental pigs. vaccination induced high circulating antibody titres against the aetiological agent, serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae. pigs in the first trial were vaccinated twice before being challenged orally with the bacteria. five of 6 unvaccinated animals developed dysentery within a fortnight of challenge, but only 1 of 6 vaccinated pigs showed signs of disease at this ti ... | 1993 | 8460983 |
| purification and characterization of nadh oxidase from serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae. | nadh oxidase (ec 1.6.99.3) was purified from cell lysates of serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae b204 by differential ultracentrifugation, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and chromatography on anion-exchange, dye-ligand-affinity, and size-exclusion columns. purified nadh oxidase had a specific activity 119-fold higher than that of cell lysates and migrated as a single band during denaturing gel electrophoresis (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis [sds-page]). the enzyme wa ... | 1993 | 8491717 |
| identification of a novel group of serpulina hyodysenteriae isolates by using a lipopolysaccharide-specific monoclonal antibody. | a monoclonal antibody to serpulina hyodysenteriae 8930 was produced and was used to probe pronase-treated cell lysates of s. hyodysenteriae isolates in immunblots. the results showed that the monoclonal antibody was specific for only five closely related s. hyodysenteriae isolates: 8930, 5380, 70a, rmit 88, and rmit 97. | 1993 | 8501237 |
| monitoring experimental swine dysentery: rectal swab blood test and serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae detection. | in two experiments, ten postweaning piglets were inoculated intragastrically with cultures of serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae strain b204 and were individually monitored for swine dysentery. eight control animals received sterile culture medium. between the day of inoculation and 35 days later, rectal swab samples were assayed for fecal blood by means of a commercial test kit and for s. hyodysenteriae cells by direct (phase contrast) microscopy and selective culture methods. optimal detecti ... | 1993 | 8506612 |
| leptospira genomes are modified at 5'-gtac. | genomic dnas of 14 strains from seven species of the spirochete leptospira were resistant to cleavage by the restriction endonuclease rsai (5'-gtac). a modified base comigrating with m4c was detected by chromatography. genomic dnas from other spirochetes, borrelia group vs461, and serpulina strains were not resistant to rsai digestion. modification at 5'-gtam4c may occur in most or all strains of all species of leptospira but not in all genera of spirochetes. genus-wide dna modification has rare ... | 1993 | 8509345 |
| comparison of the fatty acid profiles of borrelia, serpulina and leptospira species. | fatty acid methyl ester (fame) derivatives were examined as a means of characterizing borrelia burgdorferi isolates and distinguishing them from other spirochaetes. analysis was performed using a gas liquid chromatography column in conjunction with microbial identification system (mis) software. reproducible fame profiles were produced which distinguished borrelia species, serpulina hyodysenteriae and leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae. furthermore, the fame profiles of four recognized borrelia spec ... | 1993 | 8515244 |
| phenotypical characterisation of intestinal spirochaetes isolated from pigs. | a combined evaluation of the phenotypical properties of five serpulina type or reference strains and 163 swedish isolates of spirochaetes from pigs and two from birds was made. the porcine isolates were collected from herds with a history of dysentery or severe diarrhoea and from herds chosen at random. on the basis of beta-haemolysis, indole production, hippurate hydrolysis, and alpha-galactosidase, alpha-glucosidase and beta-glucosidase activity, the isolates could be divided into four main gr ... | 1995 | 8525077 |
| phylogeny of serpulina based on sequence analyses of the 16s rrna gene and comparison with a scheme involving biochemical classification. | twenty-one putative serpulina strains, representing six proposed biochemical groups, were selected for phylogenetic studies based on 16s rrna sequencing. the biochemical groups were distinguished by the degree of beta-haemolysis, indole production, hippurate hydrolysis and alpha-galactosidase-, and beta-glucosidase activity. the 16s rrna sequences of the u2 to u5 region, including three evolutionarily variable regions, from representatives of each biochemical group were determined by automated s ... | 1995 | 8525085 |
| genetic and phenotypic characterization of intestinal spirochetes colonizing chickens and allocation of known pathogenic isolates to three distinct genetic groups. | infection with intestinal spirochetes has recently been recognized as a cause of lost production in the poultry industry. little is known about these organisms, so a collection of 56 isolates originating from chickens in commercial flocks in australia, the united states, the netherlands, and the united kingdom was examined. strength of beta-hemolysis on blood agar, indole production, api zym enzyme profiles, and cellular morphology were determined, and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis was used ... | 1997 | 9003607 |
| identification of serpulina species associated with porcine colitis by biochemical analysis and pcr. | a pcr system for the detection and identification of group iv spirochetes (serpulina pilosicoli) was designed to complement biochemical tests, e.g., the hippurate hydrolysis and beta-glucosidase tests, and to verify the accuracy of a previously proposed biochemical classification system. the pcr assay was based on amplification of a segment of the 16s rrna gene. both primers were constructed to selectively amplify the 16s rrna gene of serpulina pilosicoli. all analyzed serpulina strains exhibiti ... | 1997 | 9003616 |
| identification and characterization of serpulina pilosicoli isolates recovered from the blood of critically ill patients. | the phenotypic and genetic characteristics of spirochetes isolated from the blood of one u.s. and six french patients with severe clinical disease or impaired immunity were examined. all spirochetes were anaerobic, weakly beta-hemolytic, positive for hippurate hydrolysis, and negative for beta-glucosidase activity. cell lengths ranged from 4 to 8 microm, and each isolate had between 8 and 12 periplasmic flagella per cell. these features were consistent with the spirochetes' being serpulina pilos ... | 1997 | 9003622 |