| transfer of multiple drug resistance plasmids between bacteria of diverse origins in natural microenvironments. | plasmids harboring multiple antimicrobial-resistance determinants (r plasmids) were transferred in simulated natural microenvironments from various bacterial pathogens of human, animal, or fish origin to susceptible strains isolated from a different ecological niche. r plasmids in a strain of the human pathogen vibrio cholerae o1 e1 tor and a bovine escherichia coli strain were conjugated to a susceptible strain of the fish pathogenic bacterium aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida in marine ... | 1994 | 11865872 |
| class 1 integrons mediate antibiotic resistance in the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida worldwide. | the presence of class 1 integrons was investigated in 38 sulfonamide-resistant strains of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, atypical a. salmonicida and escherichia coli conjugants with r plasmids originating from a. salmonicida. the strains originated from finland, france, japan, norway, scotland, switzerland, and the united states. additional resistance determinants in strains with class 1 integrons were also determined. of 21 strains containing a class 1 integron, 19 had a single gene ... | 2001 | 11759088 |
| characterization of an adp-ribosyltransferase toxin (aext) from aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. | an adp-ribosylating toxin named aeromonas salmonicida exoenzyme t (aext) in a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, the etiological agent of furunculosis in fish, was characterized. gene aext, encoding toxin aext, was cloned and characterized by sequence analysis. aext shows significant sequence similarity to the exos and exot exotoxins of pseudomonas aeruginosa and to the yope cytotoxin of different yersinia species. the aext gene was detected in all of the 12 a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida strai ... | 2002 | 11889090 |
| characterization of carnobacterium divergens strain 6251 isolated from intestine of arctic charr (salvelinus alpinus l.). | an atypical strain of carnobacterium divergens, strain 6251, was isolated from the small intestine of arctic charr (salvelinus alpinus l.), fed high dietary carbohydrate. this strain showed marked growth inhibitory effects in vitro against the fish pathogens aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida (furunculosis), vibrio anguillarum (vibriosis) and vibrio viscocus (winter ulcer). the strain is a non-motile gram-positive psychrotrophic rod that lacks both catalase and oxidase, grows at ph 9.1 (ct ... | 2002 | 12086178 |
| molecular characterization and quantitative analysis of superoxide dismutases in virulent and avirulent strains of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. | aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is a facultatively intracellular gram-negative bacterium that is the etiological agent of furunculosis, a bacterial septicemia of salmonids that causes significant economic loss to the salmon farming industry. the mechanisms by which a. salmonicida evades intracellular killing may be relevant in understanding virulence and the eventual design of appropriate treatment strategies for furunculosis. we have identified two open reading frames (orfs) and relate ... | 2003 | 12867441 |
| efficacy of orally administered oxolinic acid and vetoquinol, an oxolinic acid ester, for the treatment of furunculosis in atlantic salmon salmo salar held in seawater. | this study was performed to determine the efficacy of orally administered oxolinic acid and vetoquinol, an oxolinic acid ester, in the treatment of experimental induced furunculosis in atlantic salmon salmo salar held in seawater. two strains of the causative bacterium aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, 1 sensitive (vi-88/09/03175) and 1 resistant (3475/90) to oxolinic acid, were used. in 2 trials, cohabitational challenges were performed by introducing 8 fish challenged in advance by an ... | 1999 | 10439903 |
| identification and characterization of carnobacteria associated with the gills of atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.). | using the surface plate technique, the population level of aerobic bacteria, occurring in the gills of atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.), was determined to be approximately 3 x 10(4) g(-1). of 100 isolates investigated, 58 were gram-negative. out of the 42 gram-positive isolates, 26 belonged to the carnobacteria, of which ten were further identified on the basis of 16s rdna sequence analysis and aflp fingerprinting. all were identified as carnobacterium piscicola-like. these carnobacteria strains ... | 2000 | 11249022 |
| differential proteomic analysis of aeromonas salmonicida outer membrane proteins in response to low iron and in vivo growth conditions. | aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is the etiological agent of furunculosis, a serious infectious disease of salmonids. bacterial phenotypes are known to change in vivo compared to the in vitro state. proteomic analysis of in vivo phenotypes is usually not possible due to insufficient biomass. using an in vivo growth chamber model, the pathogenic fish bacterium a. salmonicida was cultured in pure culture in vivo in its host, the atlantic salmon, to obtain sufficient biomass to allow proteo ... | 2004 | 15048988 |
| functional tn5393-like transposon in the r plasmid pras2 from the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida subspecies salmonicida isolated in norway. | tn5393c containing stra-strb was identified as part of r plasmid pras2 from the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. this is the first time an intact and active transposon in the tn5393 family has been reported in an ecological niche other than an agricultural habitat. | 2000 | 11097945 |
| bath exposure of atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l.) yolk sac larvae to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps): absorption and distribution of the lps and effect on fish survival. | radiolabelled bacterial lipopolysaccharide (3h-lps) obtained from aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida was added to the petri dishes containing yolk sac larvae of atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l.). the larvae were exposed either to 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 or 100 micrograms 3h-lps ml-1. the uptake was both dependent on the lps concentration and the time of exposure. after 5 days of exposure, each larva contained 1.8-7.4 ng 3h-lps dependent on the initial concentration. after 10 days ... | 2000 | 10938728 |
| peroxide-inducible catalase in aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida protects against exogenous hydrogen peroxide and killing by activated rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss l., macrophages. | aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida expresses a single cytoplasmically located catalase which was found to be inducible by exposure to 20 microm hydrogen peroxide in mid-exponential phase resulting in a 4 fold increase in activity. subsequent exposure to 2 mm peroxide in late-exponential/early-stationary phase resulted in further induction of catalase activity which increased to 20 fold higher levels than those found in uninduced cultures. exponentially induced cultures were protected again ... | 1999 | 10089155 |
| in vivo production of a-protein, lipopolysaccharide, iron-regulated outer membrane proteins and 70-kda serine protease by aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. | using specific immunostaining of western blots, the in vivo expression of several putative virulence factors of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida was demonstrated in infected muscle tissue of atlantic salmon and rainbow trout. three virulent isolates of a. salmonicida were used. one isolate was chosen because in vitro it was apparently a non-producer of the 70-kda serine protease. infected furuncle tissue was centrifuged and samples of the pellet and supernatant probed for evidence that t ... | 1997 | 9141656 |
| haemorrhagic septicaemia by aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida in a black-tip reef shark (carcharhinus melanopterus). | one black-tip reef shark (carcharhinus melanopterus) was found dead without previous signs of disease. major lesions consisted in cutaneous erythema, mainly at the base of the fins, focal to diffuse inflammatory lesions in gills and intestinal wall, and discrete haemorrhages in the same organs, liver and kidneys. microcolonies of gram-negative rods were observed in the lamina propia of gills, underneath the intestinal mucosa and randomly distributed in the renal and hepatic parenchymas. also, em ... | 1998 | 9780832 |
| siderophore production by aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. lack of strain specificity. | siderophore production, presence of iron-regulated outer membrane proteins and siderophore specificity was determined among 17 isolates of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida obtained from spain and scotland. all grew in the presence of ethylenediamine di(o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) (edda) and siderophore production was detected using chrome azurol s (cas) agar, confirming the presence of a high-affinity siderophore iron-uptake mechanism. the arnow test confirmed that all isolates produced ... | 1998 | 9684314 |
| sialic acid-binding lectin with antibacterial activity from the horse mussel: further characterization and immunolocalization. | a heterogeneous sialic acid-binding lectin with affinity for bacterial lps was isolated and partially characterized from hemolymph of the horse mussel modiolus modiolus.(1) using two-dimensional electrophoresis with immobilized ph gradients, the lectin revealed three subunits with different molecular weight and isoelectric points (pi); mr14 (pi approximately 5.1 and approximately 5.5), 17.5 (pi approximately 5.5) and 20 (pi approximately 4.9) kda. the affinity purified lectin existed in its nati ... | 1998 | 9639084 |
| phenotypic and molecular characteristics of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida isolated in southern and northern finland. | aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida causes outbreaks of furunculosis in salmonid fish. furunculosis was first detected in finland in 1986 on fish farms located on the finnish coast of the bothnian bay. molecular methods, sds-page, ribotyping, randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) and plasmid profile analysis as well as phenotypic characteristics (biochemical characteristics, maximum growth temperature, pigment and elastase production) were used both for typing the strains and to study t ... | 1995 | 7665387 |
| characterization of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida: a comparative study of strains of different geographic origin. | a total of 130 strains of the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida isolated in denmark, norway, scotland, canada and the usa were examined. the strains originated from farmed salmonid fish. the biochemical, physiological and serological characteristics, antibiotic resistance patterns and cell surface-related properties were compared. aeromonas salmonicida was found to be remarkably consistent in general cultural and biochemical characteristics. it is noteworthy that the strains were positive in t ... | 1994 | 7928780 |
| a comparison of the amino acid sequence of the serine protease of the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida with those of other subtilisin-type enzymes relative to their substrate-binding sites. | the amino acid sequence of the so-called 70 kda (actually 64 kda) serine protease secreted by the gram-negative fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida has been determined. it shows a high degree of homology with the complete sequence of other bacterial serine proteases which, with molecular masses of approximately 30 kda, are less than half its size. this homology is particularly marked in regions adjacent to the catalytic triad asp32, his64 and ser221 of subtilisin bpn'. significant features of th ... | 1993 | 8436946 |
| vaccination in european salmonid aquaculture: a review of practices and prospects. | disease control by vaccination is widely used in european salmonid aquaculture against vibriosis (vibrio anguillarum), cold-water vibriosis (vibrio salmonicida), yersiniosis or enteric redmouth disease (yersinia ruckeri) and furunculosis (aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida). the vaccines against the vibrio spp. and y. ruckeri have proven effective especially when administered by injection. furunculosis vaccines have been less successful and have relied on combination with potent adjuvants ... | 1995 | 7735870 |
| survival of aeromonas salmonicida in lake water. | the survival of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida in lake water was investigated by using a variety of techniques. they included acridine orange epifluorescence, respiration, cell culture, cell revival, flow cytometry, plasmid maintenance, and membrane fatty acid analysis. during a 21-day study, a. salmonicida became nonculturable in sterile lake water samples. flow cytometry and direct microscopy indicated that cells were present. although the nonculturable cells could not be revived, th ... | 1991 | 1872606 |
| evidence against dormancy in the bacterial fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. | results indicate that a. salmonicida does not enter an unculturable dormant state. the resuscitation of dormant cells by nutrient broth described by previous workers appears to be due to the presence of small numbers of viable, culturable cells too few to be detected by the sampling protocol employed. | 1990 | 2332152 |
| evidence for a type iii secretion system in aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. | aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, the etiological agent of furunculosis, is an important fish pathogen. we have screened this bacterium with a broad-host-range probe directed against yscv, the gene that encodes the archetype of a highly conserved family of inner membrane proteins found in every known type iii secretion system. this has led to the identification of seven open reading frames that encode homologues to proteins functioning within the type iii secretion systems of yersinia sp ... | 2002 | 12374830 |
| structural studies on the o-antigen of aeromonas salmonicida. | lipopolysaccharide from a strain of aeromonas salmonicida salmonicida was isolated from cells by the aqueous phenol method in 2.3% yield (based on dry weight of bacteria). hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide in 1% acetic acid afforded o-polysaccharide (19% by weight), core-oligosaccharide (12.2%) and lipid a (44.6%). analysis indicated that 3-deoxy-d-manno-2-octulosonic acid was absent from the lipopolysaccharide and that no low-molecular-weight compounds were released by the mild hydrolysis. t ... | 1983 | 6188611 |
| temperature-dependent in vitro antimicrobial activity of four 4-quinolones and oxytetracycline against bacteria pathogenic to fish. | the in vitro antimicrobial activities of oxolinic acid, flumequine, sarafloxacin, enrofloxacin, and oxytetracycline against strains of bacteria pathogenic to fish (aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, atypical a. salmonicida, vibrio salmonicida, vibrio anguillarum, and yersinia ruckeri) were determined at two different incubation temperatures, 4 and 15 degrees c, by a drug microdilution method. the main objective of the study was to examine the effect of incubation temperature on the in vit ... | 1992 | 1416857 |
| three small, cryptic plasmids from aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida a449. | the nucleotide sequences of three small (5.2-5.6 kb) plasmids from aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida a449 are described. two of the plasmids (pasa1 and pasa3) use a cole2-type replication mechanism while the third (pasa2) is a cole1-type replicon. insertions in the rep protein and oriv region of the cole2-type plasmids provide subtle differences that allow them to be maintained compatibly. all three plasmids carry genes for mobilization (mobabcd), but transfer genes are absent and are pre ... | 2003 | 12932739 |
| non-culturable aeromonas salmonicida in lake water. | the survival of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida was investigated in lake water. during a 21-day study a. salmonicida became non-culturable in sterile lake water held at 10 degrees c. the incubation of replicate samples between 5 degrees c and 25 degrees c produced similar results. the recovery of colony-forming units of a. salmonicida from different lake water systems indicated that they survived longer in water that was naturally enriched (eutrophic) or enriched with tryptone soya brot ... | 1992 | 1342635 |
| removal of fish pathogenic bacteria in biological sand filters. | documentation is required to evaluate the use of infiltration systems as an alternative method for removal of fish pathogenic bacteria in wastewater from fish-farms. this study was performed to investigate the removal of bacterial fish pathogens in biological sand filters. a second aim of the study was to evaluate the bacteria used in the study in order to find a suitable model organism for future experiments. low-strength wastewater from an inland freshwater salmonid farm was intermittently loa ... | 2003 | 12753839 |
| type iii secretion genes in aeromonas salmonicida subsp salmonicida are located on a large thermolabile virulence plasmid. | type iii secretion genes in aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida are located on a large plasmid of approximately 140 kb. cultivation of this organism at elevated temperatures such as 25 degrees c can, however, result in loss of this plasmid. this is accompanied by a loss of virulence for cultured fish cells. | 2003 | 12904401 |
| survival of nonculturable aeromonas salmonicida in lake water. | the survival of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida was investigated in sterile and untreated lake water. in sterile lake water (filtered and autoclaved), it was found that cells of a. salmonicida entered a nonculturable but viable condition. viability was determined by flow cytometry with the dye rhodamine 123, which is taken up and maintained within cells with a membrane potential. for survival studies in untreated lake water, a. salmonicida was marked with the xyle gene by using the plas ... | 1993 | 8481011 |
| isolation of aeromonas salmonicida from masu salmon in the republic of korea. | the isolation and identification of the gram-negative fish pathogen, aeromonas salmonicida salmonicida, from masu salmon (oncorhynchus masou) at the yang yang salmon hatchery in the republic of korea is described. the bacterium possessed certain characteristics in common with isolates from fish in japan. it is an important cause of mortality among cultured salmonids in the republic of korea. this is the first report of this fish pathogen from the asian mainland. | 1988 | 3373645 |
| association of type iii secretion genes with virulence of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. | aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida possesses a number of potential virulence factors, including a recently identified plasmid-encoded type iii secretion system. a number of field isolates of a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida were examined for the presence of type iii secretion genes. using in vitro experiments, it was found that field isolates containing such genes are cytotoxic to fish cell lines, whereas those that lack these genes are not. using a rainbow trout in vivo model, the virule ... | 2003 | 14735937 |
| rapd analysis of aeromonas salmonicida and aeromonas hydrophila. | the randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) technique was used to analyse the genetic differentiation of 13 strains of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, and seven strains of aer. hydrophila. reproducible profiles of genomic dna fingerprints were generated by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using a single randomly designed primer. the rapd profiles of all the non-motile aeromonads, aer. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida were identical. however, profiles of the motile aeromonads, aer. hydro ... | 1995 | 7592114 |
| attenuated virulence of an aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida type iii secretion mutant in a rainbow trout model. | aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is the causative agent of furunculosis, a severe systemic disease affecting salmonid fish. this bacterium contains a type iii protein secretion system that is responsible for the secretion and translocation of the adp-ribosylating toxin, aext, into the cytosol of fish cells. this study showed that inactivation of the type iii secretion system by marker-replacement mutagenesis of the gene ascv, which encodes an inner-membrane component of the type iii secr ... | 2005 | 15942017 |
| simultaneous detection of marine fish pathogens by using multiplex pcr and a dna microarray. | we coupled multiplex pcr and a dna microarray to construct an assay suitable for the simultaneous detection of five important marine fish pathogens (vibrio vulnificus, listonella anguillarum, photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae, aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, and vibrio parahaemolyticus). the array was composed of nine short oligonucleotide probes (25-mer) complementary to seven chromosomal loci (cyt, rpon, gyrb, toxr, urec, dly, and vapa) and two plasmid-borne loci (fata and a.sa ... | 2004 | 15070982 |
| influence of chronic exposure to treated sewage effluent on the distribution of white blood cell populations in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) spleen. | impairment of immune function in aquatic animals has been proposed as a possible consequence of low-level contamination of surface waters with anthropogenic substances such as through the discharge of wastewater into rivers, lakes, and oceans. the study at hand investigated the effects of chronic (32 weeks) exposure to sewage treatment plant (stp) effluent on the prevalence and distribution of different leucocyte populations in spleen samples of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). to simulate a ... | 2004 | 15310861 |
| effects of treated sewage effluent on immune function in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | in this study, the immune reactions of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were examined, after exposure to 10, 30 and 70% of tertiary-treated municipal sewage effluent for 27 days. exposures were conducted concurrently with and without an immune challenge using intraperitoneal injections of inactivated aeromonas salmonicida salmonicida. due to the time required to prepare and analyse samples, fish sampling was conducted over two consecutive days. there was no trout mortality for any of the expe ... | 2004 | 15588644 |
| structural studies of the core region of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida lipopolysaccharide. | the core oligosaccharide structure of the in vivo derived rough phenotype of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida was investigated by a combination of compositional, methylation, ce-ms and one- and two-dimensional nmr analyses and established as the following: [carbohydrate: see text] where r=alpha-d-galp-(1-->4)-beta-d-galpnac-(1--> or alpha-d-galp-(1--> (approx. ratio 4:3). comparative ce-ms analysis of a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida core oligosaccharides from strains a449, 80204-1 and ... | 2006 | 16297894 |
| identification of the major outer membrane proteins of aeromonas salmonicida. | aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is a gram-negative bacterium that is the etiological agent of furunculosis, a serious infectious disease of salmonids. aeromonas spp. are ubiquitous waterborne bacteria responsible for a wide spectrum of diseases among aquatic organisms and humans. bacterial outer membrane proteins (omps) play a significant role in virulence as they comprise the outermost surface in contact with host cells and immune defense factors. to identify the major omps of a. salmo ... | 2005 | 16465831 |
| expression of and secretion through the aeromonas salmonicida type iii secretion system. | aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is the aetiological agent of furunculosis, a disease of farmed and wild salmonids. the type iii secretion system (ttss) is one of the primary virulence factors in a. salmonicida. using a combination of differential proteomic analysis and reverse transcriptase (rt)-pcr, it is shown that a. salmonicida a449 induces the expression of ttss proteins at 28 degrees c, but not at its more natural growth temperature of 17 degrees c. more modest increases in expres ... | 2006 | 16622045 |
| standardization of a broth microdilution susceptibility testing method to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations of aquatic bacteria. | a multiple laboratory study was conducted in accordance with the standards established by the clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi), formerly the national committee for clinical laboratory standards (nccls), for the development of quality control (qc) ranges using dilution antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods for bacterial isolates from aquatic animal species. qc ranges were established for escherichia coli atcc 25922 and aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida atcc 33658 w ... | 2005 | 15997819 |
| metabolic changes in atlantic salmon exposed to aeromonas salmonicida detected by 1h-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of plasma. | 1h-nmr (nuclear magnetic resonance)-based chemometric methods have been applied for the first time to investigate changes in the plasma metabolite profiles of atlantic salmon salmo salar as a result of exposure to aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, a gram-negative bacterium that is the etiological agent of furunculosis. plasma samples were obtained from salmon that survived 21 d post exposure to a. salmonicida, and from a control group maintained under similar conditions. 1d 1h-nmr spectr ... | 2005 | 16060263 |
| structural characterization of the lipid a region of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida lipopolysaccharide. | the lipid a components of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida from strains a449, 80204-1 and an in vivo rough isolate were isolated by mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide. structural studies carried out by a combination of fatty acid, electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses confirmed that the structure of lipid a was conserved among different isolates of a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. all analyzed strains contained three major lipid a ... | 2006 | 17049500 |
| characterization of twin toll-like receptors from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): evolutionary relationship and induced expression by aeromonas salmonicida salmonicida. | structure and function of factors contributing to the innate immune system of lower vertebrates, including fish are only sparsely characterized. we retrieved with rt-pcr cdna copies of two closely related toll-like receptors (tlr) from liver rna of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the cdna sequences are homologous to 95.6%. the phylogenetic analysis of their deduced amino acid sequences places these twin factors closely to other known tlrs from fish. the twin factors are equally expresse ... | 2007 | 17070576 |
| probiotic properties of lactobacillus and bifidobacterium strains isolated from porcine gastrointestinal tract. | one strain of lactobacillus salivarius, two strains of lactobacillus reuteri and lactobacillus amylovorus, and two strains of bifidobacterium thermacidophilum with antagonistic effect against clostridium perfringens were isolated from porcine gastrointestinal tract. isolates were assayed for their ability to survive in synthetic gastric juice at ph 2.5 and were examined for their ability to grow on agar plate containing porcine bile extract. there was a large variation in the survival of the iso ... | 2007 | 17136367 |
| bacterial vaccines for fish--an update of the current situation worldwide. | during the last few years, the use of vaccines for disease prevention in aquaculture has expanded both with regard to the number of fish species and number of microbial diseases. according to the responses to a questionnaire received from 41 countries, vaccination is used in the commercial aquaculture of species like atlantic salmon (salmo salar), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax), sea bream (sparus aurata), barramundi (lates calcarifer), tilapia (tilapia spp), ... | 2005 | 15962470 |
| contribution of type iv pili to the virulence of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida in atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.). | aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, a bacterial pathogen of atlantic salmon, has no visible pili, yet its genome contains genes for three type iv pilus systems. one system, tap, is similar to the pseudomonas aeruginosa pil system, and a second, flp, resembles the actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans flp pilus, while the third has homology to the mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin pilus of vibrio cholerae. the latter system is likely nonfunctional since eight genes, including the gene encoding ... | 2008 | 18212071 |
| identification of siderophore biosynthesis genes essential for growth of aeromonas salmonicida under iron limitation conditions. | aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, the etiological agent of furunculosis in fish, produces a catechol-type siderophore under iron-limiting conditions. in this study, the fur titration assay (furta) was used to identify a cluster of six genes, asbg, asbf, asbd, asbc, asbb, and asbi, encoding proteins similar to components of the siderophore biosynthetic machinery in other bacteria. reverse transcriptase pcr analyses showed that this cluster consists of four iron-regulated transcriptional u ... | 2008 | 18296539 |
| aopp, a type iii effector protein of aeromonas salmonicida, inhibits the nf-kappab signalling pathway. | aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida contains a functional type iii secretion system that is responsible for the secretion of the adp-ribosylating toxin aext. in this study, the authors identified aopp as a second effector protein secreted by this system. the aopp gene was detected in both typical and atypical a. salmonicida isolates and was found to be encoded on a small plasmid of approximately 6.4 kb. sequence analysis indicates that aopp is a member of the yopj family of effector protein ... | 2006 | 16946275 |
| distribution of small plasmids in aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida strains isolated from nw spain and portugal: evidence of clonality in strains isolated from turbot, psetta maxima (l.). | | 2008 | 18471103 |
| contribution of the type iii secretion system (ttss) to virulence of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. | the recently described type iii secretion system (ttss) of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida has been linked to virulence in salmonids. in this study, three ttss effector genes, aext, aoph or aopo, were inactivated by deletion, as was ascc, the gene encoding the outer-membrane pore of the secretion apparatus. effects on virulence were assayed by live challenge of atlantic salmon (salmo salar). the deltaascc mutant strain was avirulent by both intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection and immersion ... | 2006 | 16735747 |
| development of multiplex pcr assay for simultaneous detection of five bacterial fish pathogens. | a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method was designed for the simultaneous detection of the five major fish pathogens, aeromonas hydrophila, aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, flavobacterium columnare, renibacterium salmoninarum, and yersinia ruckeri. each of the five pairs of oligonucleotide primers exclusively amplified the targeted gene of the specific microorganism. the detection limits of the multiplex pcr was in the range of 2, 1, 1, 3, and 1cfu for a. hydrophila, a. salmo ... | 2008 | 18499358 |
| insight into the plasmid metagenome of wastewater treatment plant bacteria showing reduced susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs analysed by the 454-pyrosequencing technology. | wastewater treatment plants (wwtps) are a reservoir for bacteria harbouring antibiotic resistance plasmids. to get a comprehensive overview on the plasmid metagenome of wwtp bacteria showing reduced susceptibility to certain antimicrobial drugs an ultrafast sequencing approach applying the 454-technology was carried out. one run on the gs 20 system yielded 346,427 reads with an average read length of 104 bases resulting in a total of 36,071,493 bases sequence data. the obtained plasmid metagenom ... | 2008 | 18586057 |
| in vitro studies of lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis in atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) foregut: tissue responses and evidence of protection against aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida epithelial damage. | probiotic bacteria increase the host health status and protect mucosal tissue against pathogen-caused damage in mammalian models. using an in vitro (intestinal sac) method this study aimed to address (a) the in vitro ability of lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis to remain in the gastrointestinal tract of atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) and (b) its ability to prevent cellular damage caused by successive incubation with aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida the causative agent of furuncul ... | 2008 | 18054448 |
| transferable, multiple antibiotic and mercury resistance in atlantic canadian isolates of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is associated with carriage of an inca/c plasmid similar to the salmonella enterica plasmid psn254. | the aim of this study was to examine the molecular basis for multiple antibiotic and mercury resistance in canadian isolates of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. | 2008 | 18375380 |
| identification of iron regulated genes in the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida: genetic diversity and evidence of conserved iron uptake systems. | in this study we applied the fur titration assay (furta) to isolate iron regulated genes in aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, the causative agent of furunculosis in fish. we have identified genes for siderophore biosynthesis and for ferri-siderophore transport, some of which have been previously described in this species. a gene for a hitherto uncharacterized functional hemin receptor hute was identified, but its inactivation did not affect significantly the use of hemin as sole iron sou ... | 2009 | 18774242 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility testing of aquatic bacteria: quality control disk diffusion ranges for escherichia coli atcc 25922 and aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida atcc 33658 at 22 and 28 degrees c. | quality control (qc) ranges for disk diffusion susceptibility testing of aquatic bacterial isolates were proposed as a result of a multilaboratory study conducted according to procedures established by the national committee for clinical laboratory standards (nccls). ranges were proposed for escherichia coli atcc 25922 and aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida atcc 33658 at 22 and 28 degrees c for nine different antimicrobial agents (ampicillin, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, florfenicol, gentam ... | 2003 | 12958263 |
| surveillance of health status on eight marine rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), farms in denmark in 2006. | the health status of eight marine rainbow trout farms was followed from mid-june to mid-september 2006 by sampling both dead and healthy fish approximately every 2 weeks for bacteriological and virological investigation. no fish pathogenic viruses were detected, but all farms experienced disease and mortality as a result of various bacterial infections. yersinia ruckeri was found on four and renibacterium salmoninarum on five of the farms, but only during the first part of the surveillance perio ... | 2008 | 18786028 |
| genetics and proteomics of aeromonas salmonicida lipopolysaccharide core biosynthesis. | comparison between the lipopolysaccharide (lps) core structures of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida a450 and aeromonas hydrophila ah-3 shows great similarity in the inner lps core and part of the outer lps core but some differences in the distal part of the outer lps core (residues ld-hep, d-gal, and d-galnac). the three genomic regions encoding lps core biosynthetic genes in a. salmonicida a450, of which regions 2 and 3 have genes identical to those of a. hydrophila ah-3, were fully seq ... | 2009 | 19151135 |
| plasma ladderlectin concentration following sterile inflammation and aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida infection. | plasma samples obtained from rainbow trout either experimentally infected with aeromonas salmonicida or injected with either a. salmonicida lipopolysaccharide (lps) or a commercial a. salmonicida vaccine (lipogen) were analysed by enzyme immunoassay to evaluate changes in rainbow trout ladderlectin (rtll) concentrations during the acute phase response (apr). plasma rtll concentrations in fish injected with a. salmonicida lps, vaccine or live a. salmonicida varied over a 10 day period, but did no ... | 2009 | 19538251 |
| the genome of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida a449: insights into the evolution of a fish pathogen. | aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is a gram-negative bacterium that is the causative agent of furunculosis, a bacterial septicaemia of salmonid fish. while other species of aeromonas are opportunistic pathogens or are found in commensal or symbiotic relationships with animal hosts, a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida causes disease in healthy fish. the genome sequence of a. salmonicida was determined to provide a better understanding of the virulence factors used by this pathogen to infect ... | 2008 | 18801193 |
| mutations in the aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida type iii secretion system affect atlantic salmon leucocyte activation and downstream immune responses. | deletion mutants of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida were used to determine the effect of the type three secretion system (ttss) on atlantic salmon anterior head kidney leucocytes (ahkl). one strain had a deletion in the outer membrane pore gene, ascc; and the other in three effector genes: aopo, aoph and aext (we call this strain deltaaop3). host cell invasion success and 24h survival were depressed in deltaascc, as was 24h survival of deltaaop3, when compared to the wild type strain. c ... | 2009 | 19751835 |
| bacterial-binding activity and plasma concentration of ladderlectin in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | soluble, defense lectins bind conserved microbial patterns leading to pathogen opsonization, enhanced phagocytosis and activation of complement. these immune functions, however, vary widely among individuals due to genetic and acquired differences affecting binding capacity or plasma concentration. most evidence for the defensive function of soluble lectins is based on mammals, but several functionally homologous, but less well-characterized, lectins have been identified in fish. in this study, ... | 2007 | 17383895 |
| isolation of aeromonas salmonicida from sea lamprey (petromyzon marinus) with furuncle-like lesions in lake ontario. | for the past six decades, parasitic sea lampreys (petromyzon marinus) have caused devastating losses to salmonid fisheries in the great lakes. to reduce the number of sea lampreys, the great lakes fishery commission began a large-scale program based on trapping male sea lampreys, sterilizing them, and releasing sterile males back into streams to compete with fertile males for spawning females. the transfer of lampreys among lakes can potentially lead to the transfer of various pathogens, and thi ... | 2007 | 17984256 |
| complete genomic sequence of a t4-like bacteriophage, phias4, infecting aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. | a newly identified virulent phage (named phias4) infecting aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida was isolated from river water in korea. morphological analysis of phias4 by transmission electron microscopy revealed that it belonged to the family myoviridae. the genome of phias4 comprised a linear double-stranded dna of 163,875 bp with a g + c content of 41.3%, and genomic analysis revealed 271 putative orfs, 67 putative promoters, 25 putative terminator regions, and 16 trna-encoding genes. mo ... | 2011 | 22116495 |
| aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida type strain does not possess a type iii secretion system. | | 2009 | 19553573 |
| Colonization of turbot tissues by virulent and avirulent Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida strains during infection. | Preventing disease outbreaks in cultured turbot Psetta maxima L. caused by Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida (ASS) requires a better understanding of how this pathogen colonizes its host. Distribution of 1 virulent and 2 avirulent ASS strains in turbot tissues was investigated during early and late stages of infection following an immersion challenge. To track bacteria within the turbot, the ASS strains were tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP). Both virulent and avirulent strains ... | 2011 | 21848125 |
| quantitative analysis of bacterial adhesion to fish tissue. | adhesion to host tissue represents a first crucial step in most bacterial infections. both specific adhesion-ligand as well as hydrophobic interactions may be involved. the adhesion of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, lactococcus garvieae, and yersinia ruckeri strains to fish tissue cells was assessed. to determine whether the observed bacterial adhesion to fish tissue cells was caused by non-specific interactions, adhesion to bovine serum albumin (bsa) and polystyrene was also tested. ... | 2009 | 19349152 |
| genetic characterization of pasa6, a new plasmid from aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida that encodes a type iii effector protein aoph homolog. | a new plasmid designated pasa6 from an aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida strain isolated from diseased turbot has been characterized. pasa6 consists of 18536bp, has a g+c content of 53.8% and encodes 20 predicted open-reading frames (orfs). eight orfs showed homology to transposases, of which six are complete and two are partial is sequences. two orfs showed homology to replication proteins, and six orfs showed homology to hypothetical proteins. two orfs are truncated homologs of putative ... | 2009 | 19195484 |
| In vitro evaluation of antibacterial activity of Asparagopsis taxiformis from the Straits of Messina against pathogens relevant in aquaculture. | Ethanol extracts of Asparagopsis taxiformis collected from the Straits of Messina (Italy) were screened for antibacterial activity against pathogenic shellfish and fish bacteria previously isolated from local marine and brackish environments. Genetic labelling by DNA barcoding allowed us to identify the algal population as a biogeographical strain conspecific to A. taxiformis. The extract obtained in May showed the broadest antibacterial activity against all tested pathogenic bacteria, especiall ... | 2012 | 22078751 |
| complete genome sequence and characterization of a broad-host range t4-like bacteriophage phias5 infecting aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. | in this study, we report one lytic myoviridae bacteriophage (phage) infecting aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. the phage (named as phias5) was isolated from environmental river waters in korea, and showed broad infectivity to other bacterial species in the family aeromonadaceae as well as antibiotic-resistant a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida strains. the biological properties and complete genome of phias5 were simultaneously investigated. the complete genome of phias5 composed of linea ... | 2011 | 22226819 |
| quality control ranges for testing broth microdilution susceptibility of flavobacterium columnare and f. psychrophilum to nine antimicrobials. | a multi-laboratory broth microdilution method trial was performed to standardize the specialized test conditions required for the fish pathogens flavobacterium columnare and f. psychrophilum. nine laboratories tested the quality control (qc) strains escherichia coli atcc 25922 and aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida atcc 33658 against 10 antimicrobials (ampicillin, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, florfenicol, flumequine, gentamicin, ormetoprim/sulfadimethoxine, oxolinic acid, oxytetracycline, a ... | 2012 | 23324417 |
| development of an antibody elisa for potency testing of furunculosis (aeromonas salmonicida subsp salmonicida) vaccines in atlantic salmon (salmo salar l). | the study was conducted in atlantic salmon to establish the initial and basic scientific documentation for an alternative batch potency test for salmon furuculosis vaccines. we assessed the antibody response development for aeromonas salmonicida vaccines at different immunisation temperatures (3, 12 and 18 °c), by an enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (elisa) 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks post vaccination, and the correlation between antibody response and protection in cohabitation challenge experiments p ... | 2011 | 22000732 |
| two catechol siderophores, acinetobactin and amonabactin, are simultaneously produced by aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida sharing part of the biosynthetic pathway. | the iron uptake mechanisms based on siderophore synthesis used by the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida are still not completely understood, and the precise structure of the siderophore(s) is unknown. the analysis of genome sequences revealed that this bacterium possesses two gene clusters putatively involved in the synthesis of siderophores. one cluster is a candidate to encode the synthesis of acinetobactin, the siderophore of the human pathogen acinetobacter baumannii, wh ... | 2015 | 26463084 |
| use of in vivo induced antigen technology to identify genes from aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida that are specifically expressed during infection of the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | aeromonas salmonicida is a major fish pathogen associated with mass mortalities in salmonid fish. in the present study, we applied in vivo induced antigen technology (iviat), a technique that relies on antibodies adsorbed against in vitro cultures of the pathogen, to a clinical isolate of a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. | 2014 | 25495705 |
| the adp-ribosylating toxin, aext, from aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is translocated via a type iii secretion pathway. | aext is an extracellular adp ribosyltransferase produced by the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. the protein is secreted by the bacterium via a recently identified type iii secretion system. in this study, we have identified a further 12 open reading frames that possess high homology to genes encoding both structural and regulatory components of the yersinia type iii secretion apparatus. using marker replacement mutagenesis of aopb, the a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida ho ... | 2003 | 14594831 |
| bactericidal efficacy of elevated ph on fish pathogenic and environmental bacteria. | ship ballast water is a recognized medium for transfer and introductions of nonindigenous species. there is a need for new ballast water treatment methods that effectively and safely eliminate or greatly minimize movements of these species. the present study employed laboratory methods to evaluate the bactericidal efficacy of increased ph (ph 10.0-12.0) for exposure durations of up to 72 h to kill a variety of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria including fish pathogens (aeromonas spp., yer ... | 2012 | 25685439 |
| the hydrocarbon-degrading marine bacterium cobetia sp. strain mm1ida2h-1 produces a biosurfactant that interferes with quorum sensing of fish pathogens by signal hijacking. | biosurfactants are produced by hydrocarbon-degrading marine bacteria in response to the presence of water-insoluble hydrocarbons. this is believed to facilitate the uptake of hydrocarbons by bacteria. however, these diffusible amphiphilic surface-active molecules are involved in several other biological functions such as microbial competition and intra- or inter-species communication. we report the isolation and characterization of a marine bacterial strain identified as cobetia sp. mm1ida2h-1, ... | 2013 | 23279885 |
| in vitro inhibition of microbial flora of fish by nisin and lactoperoxidase system. | to test the antimicrobial effects of nisin and lactoperoxidase system (lp system) against sardines flora. this study is part of a programme designed to investigate the preservability of fish using these inhibitors as potential biopreservatives. | 2004 | 14687217 |
| antimicrobial effect of the biotronic® top3 supplement and efficacy in protecting rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) from infection by aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. | demand for more environmentally friendly practices have led to the adoption of several feed supplements by the fish farming industry. in the present study, we investigated a commercially available formula that includes a mixture of three compounds: organic acids, a phytochemical and biomin® permeabilizing complex. this mixture demonstrated antimicrobial properties in vitro and was able to inhibit growth of multiple species of aquatic bacterial pathogens, including aeromonas salmonicida. bacteria ... | 2017 | 28343146 |
| thiaminase activity of crucian carp carassius carassius injected with a bacterial fish pathogen, aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. | dietary thiaminase i is a cause of thiamine deficiency in animals. the physiological significance of thiaminase in the organisms containing this enzyme is not known, nor are the factors causing variation in their thiaminase activity. tests were performed to evaluate the effect a pathogen might have on thiaminase activity in fish, when analyzed both with a cosubstrate added (cata tests) and no cosubstrate added (ncata tests). pyridine is known as a cosubstrate specific for thiaminase i activity t ... | 2009 | 20218496 |
| defensin of the zebra mussel (dreissena polymorpha): molecular structure, in vitro expression, antimicrobial activity, and potential functions. | a 409 bp full length defensin gene was cloned and sequenced based on an expressed sequence tag (est) obtained from a normalized zebra mussel (dreissena polymorpha) foot cdna library developed in our laboratory. the d. polymorpha defensin (dpd) gene encoded a peptide with 76 amino acid residues. the mature dpd contains 54 amino acids with a fully functional insect defensin a domain. homologue searching against genbank database suggested that this dpd was phylogenetically close to defensins from a ... | 2010 | 20537393 |
| draft genome sequence of pseudomonas fluorescens ml11a, an endogenous strain from brook charr with antagonistic properties against aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. | pseudomonas fluorescens ml11a, isolated from brook charr, showed a strong in vitro inhibitory effect against aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, a bacterial fish pathogen. its genome harbors gene clusters for siderophore and bacteriocin biosynthesis and shares 99% whole-genome identity with p. fluorescens a506, a biological control strain used in agriculture. | 2017 | 28254983 |
| in vitro adherence of two candidate probiotics from atlantic cod and their interference with the adhesion of two pathogenic bacteria. | the potential of two candidate probiotic bacteria (gp21 and gp12), isolated from the gut of atlantic cod, to adhere to primary cultures of the epithelial cells from the different regions of the intestine and to interfere with the adhesion of two pathogens, vibrio anguillarum and aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida were investigated. the intestinal isolates showed clear preference in adhering to the cells from the different intestine segments. gp12 adhered strongly to the fore- and mid intes ... | 2010 | 20884135 |
| subunit vaccine candidates against aeromonas salmonicida in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is the etiological agent of furunculosis and a major fish health problem in salmonid aquaculture worldwide. injection vaccination with commercial mineral oil-adjuvanted bacterin vaccines has been partly successful in preventing the disease but in danish rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) aquaculture furunculosis outbreaks still occur. in this study we tested the efficacy of experimental subunit vaccines against a. salmonicida infection in rainbo ... | 2017 | 28182704 |
| the mosaic architecture of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida pasa4 plasmid and its consequences on antibiotic resistance. | aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, the causative agent of furunculosis in salmonids, is an issue especially because many isolates of this bacterium display antibiotic resistances, which limit treatments against the disease. recent results suggested the possible existence of alternative forms of pasa4, a large plasmid found in a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida and bearing multiple antibiotic resistance genes. the present study reveals the existence of two newly detected pasa4 variants, pas ... | 2016 | 27812409 |
| diversity of antibiotic-resistance genes in canadian isolates of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida: dominance of psn254b and discovery of pasa8. | the bacterium aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is a common pathogen in fish farms worldwide. since the antibiotic resistance of this bacterial species is on the increase, it is important to have a broader view on this issue. in the present study, we tested the presence of known plasmids conferring multi-drug resistance as well as antibiotic resistance genes by a pcr approach in 100 canadian a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida isolates. our study highlighted the dominance of the conjugative ... | 2016 | 27752114 |
| positive correlation between aeromonas salmonicida vaccine antigen concentration and protection in vaccinated rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss evaluated by a tail fin infection model. | rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), are able to raise a protective immune response against aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida (as) following injection vaccination with commercial vaccines containing formalin-killed bacteria, but the protection is often suboptimal under danish mariculture conditions. we elucidated whether protection can be improved by increasing the concentration of antigen (formalin-killed bacteria) in the vaccine. rainbow trout juveniles were vaccinated by intra ... | 2017 | 27593619 |
| aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida strains isolated from chinese freshwater fish contain a novel genomic island and possible regional-specific mobile genetic elements profiles. | two strains of aeromonas salmonicida, yk and bg, were isolated from largemouth bronze gudgeon and northern whitefish in china, and identified as a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida based on phylogenetic analysis of vapa and 16s rrna gene sequences. yk and bg originated from freshwater fish, one of which belonged to the cyprinid family, and the strains showed a difference in virulence. subsequently, we performed whole genome sequencing of the strains, and comparison of their genomic sequences to th ... | 2016 | 27493011 |
| immunohistochemical study of inducible nitric oxide synthase and tumour necrosis factor alpha response in turbot (scophthalmus maximus) experimentally infected with aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. | aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida represents one of the major threats in aquaculture, especially in salmonid fish and turbot farming. in order to fight bacterial infections, fish have an immune system composed by innate and specific cellular and humoral elements analogous to those present in mammals. however, innate immunity plays a primordial role against bacterial infections in teleost fish. among these non-specific mechanisms, the production of nitric oxide (no) by inducible nitric oxi ... | 2016 | 27431586 |
| detection and quantification of aeromonas salmonicida in fish tissue by real-time pcr. | furunculosis, a septicaemic infection caused by the bacterium aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, currently causes problems in danish seawater rainbow trout production. detection has mainly been achieved by bacterial culture, but more rapid and sensitive methods are needed. a previously developed real-time pcr assay targeting the plasmid encoded aopp gene of a. salmonicida was, in parallel with culturing, used for the examination of five organs of 40 fish from danish freshwater and seawate ... | 2017 | 27193829 |
| development and evaluation of a multiplex pcr assay for simultaneous detection of flavobacterium psychrophilum, yersinia ruckeri and aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida in culture fisheries. | bacterial cold water disease, enteric red mouth disease and frunculosis are the common bacterial diseases of fish worldwide. the etiologic agents of these diseases are flavobacterium (f.) psychrophilum, yersinia (y.) ruckeri and aeromonas (a.) salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, respectively. in this study, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (m-pcr) method with yer8/10-fer3/4-fp1/3 primer pairs which can identify these fish pathogens simultaneously was developed and optimized. in optimized condit ... | 2010 | 20706031 |
| aeromonas salmonicida infection only moderately regulates expression of factors contributing to toll-like receptor signaling but massively activates the cellular and humoral branches of innate immunity in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | toll-like receptors (tlrs) are known to detect a defined spectrum of microbial structures. however, the knowledge about the specificity of teleost tlr factors for distinct pathogens is limited so far. we measured baseline expression profiles of 18 tlr genes and associated signaling factors in four immune-relevant tissues of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. intraperitoneal injection of a lethal dose of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida induced highly increased levels of cytokine mrnas du ... | 2015 | 26266270 |
| asagei2b: a new variant of a genomic island identified in the aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida jf3224 strain isolated from a wild fish in switzerland. | aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is the causal agent of furunculosis in salmonids. we recently identified a group of genomic islands (asagei) in this bacterium. asagei2a, one of these genomic islands, has almost exclusively been identified in isolates from north america. to date, aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida jf3224, a strain isolated from a wild brown trout (salmo trutta) caught in switzerland, was the only european isolate that appeared to bear asagei2a. we analyzed the geno ... | 2015 | 26048417 |
| aeromonas salmonicida type iii secretion system-effectors-mediated immune suppression in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, the etiologic agent of furunculosis, is a major pathogen in aquaculture. together with other pathogens, it is characterized by the presence of a type 3 secretion system (t3ss). the t3ss is the main virulence mechanism of a. salmonicida. it is used by the bacterium to secrete and translocate several toxins and effector proteins into the host cell. some of these factors have a detrimental impact on the integrity of the cell cytoskeleton, likely contributin ... | 2017 | 27923746 |
| development of a sybr green i real-time pcr assay for specific identification of the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida subspecies salmonicida. | a sybr green i real-time polymerase chain reaction protocol for specific detection of the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida was developed and validated for rapid diagnosis of typical furunculosis. the sequence of the aopo gene of a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, which encodes for a serine/threonine protein kinase linked to virulence, was chosen for primer design. the selected primers amplified a 119-bp internal fragment of the aopo gene. the specificity test proved that 10 ... | 2016 | 27838837 |
| preliminary study on the in vitro and in vivo effects of asparagopsis taxiformis bioactive phycoderivates on teleosts. | several compounds from marine organisms have been studied for their potential use in aquaculture. among the red algae, asparagopsis taxiformis is considered one of the most promising species for the production of bioactive metabolites with numerous proposed applications. here, the in vitro antibacterial activity, the easy handling and the absence of adverse effects on marine fish species are reported. depending on the seasonal period of sampling, ethanol extracts of a. taxiformis exhibited signi ... | 2016 | 27826246 |
| transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of splenic immune mechanisms of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) infected by aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. | furunculosis caused by aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is an epidemic disease among salmonids, including rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). however, the immune mechanisms that are elicited in rainbow trout against the invasion of a. salmonicida are not yet fully understood. in this study, we examined the spleen to investigate the immune response of rainbow trout at 3days post-infection by a. salmonicida at the transcriptome and proteome levels by using illumina-seq and itraq methods, ... | 2015 | 25849251 |
| enterobacteriaceae associated with eggs of podocnemis expansa and podocnemis unifilis (testudines:chelonia) in nonpolluted sites of national park of araguaia plains, brazil. | fertile eggs of podocnemis expansa and podocnemis unifilis were investigated for the presence of enterobacteria, as these two endangered species have the potential for conservation measures that include egg transfer. knowledge of normal microflora associated with turtles and turtle eggs would help effectively manage the transfer of these eggs among institutions. thirty eggs of each species were collected, aseptically transferred, cracked inside plastic bags containing tetrathionate broth, and sp ... | 2010 | 21370647 |
| draft genome sequences of two aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida isolates harboring plasmids conferring antibiotic resistance. | the bacterium aeromonas salmonicida is the etiological agent of furunculosis, a widespread fish disease causing important economic losses to the fish farming industry. antibiotic treatments in fish farms may be challenging given the existence of multidrug-resistant isolates of this bacterium. here, we report the draft genome sequences of the 2004-05mf26 and 2009-144k3 isolates, which harbor plasmids conferring antibiotic resistance. both isolates also carry the large plasmid pasa5, which is know ... | 2015 | 25724776 |
| marine lactobacillus pentosus h16 protects artemia franciscana from vibrio alginolyticus pathogenic effects. | vibrio alginolyticus is an opportunistic pathogen which may affect different aquatic organisms. the aim of this study was to assess the probiotic properties and the protective mode of action of lactobacillus pentosus h16 against v. alginolyticus 03/8525, through in vitro and in vivo studies using artemia franciscana (hereafter artemia). this strain showed antimicrobial activity against v. alginolyticus 03/8525 and aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida atcc33658 possibly related to lactobacill ... | 2015 | 25667335 |