| [application of microbial enzymes in studies of steroid metabolism (author's transl)]. | in vitro models are necessary for studying the biotransformation of new steroid drugs and to determine the structure of the metabolites and their biological activity. for that reason microorganisms and their enzymes were used to investigate the anabolic steroid oral-turinabol (4-chloro-17alpha-methyl-17beta-hydroxy-1,4-androstadiene-3-one). clostridium paraputrificum transformed oral-turinabol into the hydrogenation products 4beta-chloro-17alpha-methyl-17beta-hydroxy-5beta-1-androstene-3-one (i) ... | 1975 | 818880 |
| the coupling of anaerobic steroid dehydrogenation to nitrate reduction in pseudomonas n.c.i.b. 10590 and clostridium paraputrificum. | | 1975 | 1132563 |
| clostridia isolated from faeces. | clostridia were isolated from human faecal samples from england, scotland, wales, usa, hong kong, uganda and japan. strains were identified on the basis of various biochemical reactions and on the type of fatty acid produced from glucose. analysis of these acids was by gas-liquid chromatography. clostridium paraputrificum was common in stool samples from england, scotland, wales, and usa, but rare in samples from hong kong, uganda and japan. | 1976 | 1263249 |
| azoreductase activity of anaerobic bacteria isolated from human intestinal microflora. | a plate assay was developed for the detection of anaerobic bacteria that produce azoreductases. with this plate assay, 10 strains of anaerobic bacteria capable of reducing azo dyes were isolated from human feces and identified as eubacterium hadrum (2 strains), eubacterium spp. (2 species), clostridium clostridiiforme, a butyrivibrio sp., a bacteroides sp., clostridium paraputrificum, clostridium nexile, and a clostridium sp. the average rate of reduction of direct blue 15 dye (a dimethoxybenzid ... | 1990 | 2202258 |
| effect of rice fiber on human fecal microflora. | the effects of brown rice, containing fourfold as much dietary fiber as polished rice, on the human fecal microflora were determined. significantly increased numbers of bifidobacterium adolescentis and enterococcus faecalis were observed during the brown rice intake, whereas the total counts and the numbers of bacteroides, eubacterium aerofaciens, and escherichia coli during the intake were lower than those before and after the intake. lower numbers of clostridia and low incidences of clostridiu ... | 1989 | 2547140 |
| cloning and hybridization analysis of ermp, a macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin b resistance determinant from clostridium perfringens. | the erythromycin resistance determinant from clostridium perfringens cp592 was cloned and shown to be expressed in escherichia coli. the resultant plasmid, pjir122 (7.9 kilobase pairs [kb]), was unstable since in both reca+ and reca e. coli hosts spontaneous deletion of 2.7 kb, including the erythromycin resistance determinant, was observed. subcloning, as well as deletion analysis with bal 31, localized the erythromycin resistance gene (ermp) to within a 1.0-kb region of pjir122. a 0.5-kb fragm ... | 1989 | 2552908 |
| hybridization analysis of the class p tetracycline resistance determinant from the clostridium perfringens r-plasmid, pcw3. | the tetracycline resistance determinant from pcw3, a conjugative plasmid from clostridium perfringens, has been identified and the structural gene localized to within a 1.4-kb region. hybridization analysis, which utilized an internal 0.8-kb specific gene probe, showed that eight nonconjugative tetracycline resistant c. perfringens strains all carried homologous resistance determinants. no homology was detected in dna prepared from tetracycline resistant isolates of clostridium difficile or clos ... | 1988 | 2901767 |
| necrotizing enterocolitis associated with clostridium paraputrificum septicemia. | a 38-year-old woman with chronic, noncyclic neutropenia had an episode of acute abdominal pain associated with clostridial septicemia. clostridium paraputrificum was isolated from blood and peritoneal cultures. the pathogenic potential of c paraputrificum was established by surgical biopsy specimens which demonstrated necrotizing enterocolitis with the typical gram-positive rods. this report strengthens a recognized, established association between neutropenia and clostridial infection. | 1988 | 3340884 |
| preparation of 3 beta, 5 alpha-, 3 alpha, 5 alpha- and 3 alpha, 5 beta-tetrahydro derivatives of 19-noraldosterone by chemical synthesis and microbial bioconversion. | the 3 beta, 5 alpha-, 3 alpha, 5 alpha- and 3 alpha, 5 beta-tetrahydro derivatives 19, 20 and 27 of 19-noraldosterone (1) were prepared to facilitate the search for these compounds in urine. the diketal 4, consisting of a 2:1 mixture of the 5,6- and 5(10)-ene isomers, was hydrogenated with pd-c and partially hydrolyzed to 5 alpha, 10 alpha- and 5 alpha, 10 beta-dihydroketals 8 and 10 in a 1:2.5 ratio. assignment of protons was done with aid of cosy 45 experiments. compound 10 was reduced with di ... | 1988 | 3398535 |
| influence of 1-double bond and 11 beta-hydroxy group on stereospecific microbial reductions of 4-en-3-oxo-steroids. | the yeast rhodotorula glutinis and the anaerobic bacterium clostridium paraputrificum were used for stereospecific reductions of 4-chloro-11 beta-hydroxy-17 alpha-methyl-testosterone and the corresponding 1-dehydro compound to prepare 5 alpha- and 5 beta-h derivatives, respectively. c. paraputrificum was able to 5 beta-reduce both substances, whereas the 5 alpha-reduction by r. glutinis was inhibited by the structure elements 1-en and 11 beta-oh so that the substrate with both structure elements ... | 1986 | 3773526 |
| 12 beta-dehydrogenation of bile acids by clostridium paraputrificum, c. tertium, and c. difficile and epimerization at carbon-12 of deoxycholic acid by cocultivation with 12 alpha-dehydrogenating eubacterium lentum. | 12 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenating activities were detected in 13 strains of clostridium paraputrificum, 1 strain of c. tertium, and 1 strain of c. difficile, together with a 3 alpha- and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase system in many strains. redox reactions a c-12 of disubstituted and trisubstituted bile acids were performed unspecifically by representative strains of c. paraputrificum. 3 alpha,12 beta-, 3 beta,12 beta-dihydroxy-, 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 beta-trihydroxy-, and 3-keto,12 be ... | 1985 | 4004226 |
| reduction of 17-keto steroids by anaerobic microorganisms isolated from human fecal flora. | the 17-keto function of phenolic steroids is reduced by the following intestinal bacteria: eubacterium lentum, clostridium paraputrificum, clostridium j-1 and clostridium innocuum. the 17-keto group of androstenedione is reduced solely by bacteroides fragilis. | 1984 | 6477942 |
| the intestinal microflora of infants: composition of fecal flora in breast-fed and bottle-fed infants. | the fecal flora of 35 breast-fed and 35 bottle-fed babies was determined. bifidobacteria were the predominant fecal bacteria in both groups. conversely, the counts of most of the other bacteria, such as bacteroides, eubacteria, peptococci, veillonella, clostridia, enterobacteria, streptococci, and bacilli in the bottle-fed group were significantly higher than those in the breast-fed group. the frequencies of occurrence of lecithinase positive clostridia, clostridia-others, pseudomonas and bacill ... | 1984 | 6513816 |
| [clostridium paraputrificum fulminant septicemia and gas gangrene disclosing acute promyelocytic leukemia]. | | 1984 | 6587175 |
| inactivation of contraceptive steroid hormones by human intestinal clostridia. | steroid hormones reduced in ring-a are devoid of hormonal activity. in metabolic experiments we found that human fecal flora reduced the delta 4-3-keto structure of natural progestins to 3 alpha-hydroxy, 5 beta-steroid metabolites (3 alpha,5 beta) and of synthetic progestins to a mixture of 3 alpha,5 beta and 3 beta,5 beta compounds. 3 alpha,5 beta-reductase was synthesized by clostridium paraputrificum and had a strong affinity for natural progestins such as progesterone. 3 beta,5 beta-reductas ... | 1983 | 6630441 |
| tetra- and hexahydro derivatives of aldosterone and 18-hydroxycorticosterone by chemical and microbial reductions. | preparative methods were developed for reduction with nabh4 at 0 of 3 beta, 5 alpha- and 3 alpha, 5 beta-tetrahydroaldosterone (1) and (12) to their respective 20 alpha-ol derivatives 2a and 13a. corroboration of structures was obtained by periodate oxidations to the lactols 3b and 14b and thence, by further oxidation, to the lactones 4 and 15 respectively; these lactones were also independently obtained from 1 and 12. reduction with nabh4 at 80 degrees c converted 1 and 12 into 18-hydroxy-3 bet ... | 1983 | 6645485 |
| influence of a 9-double bond on stereospecific microbial 4,5-reductions. | by stereospecific microbial reduction with rhodosporidium rubrum or rhodotorula glutinis, 17 alpha-cyano-methyl-4-estren-17 beta-ol-3-one was metabolized to 17 alpha-cyanomethyl-5 alpha-estrane-3 beta,17 beta-diol (50%) and 17 alpha-cyanomethyl-5 alpha-estrane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol (30%). by clostridium paraputrificum the same substrate was reduced stereospecifically to 17 alpha-cyanomethyl-5 beta-estrane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol (70%). when the corresponding 9-dehydrogenated compound 17 alpha-cyano ... | 1983 | 6683343 |
| inhibitory effect of some intestinal bacteria on liver tumorigenesis in gnotobiotic c3h/he male mice. | liver tumorigenesis in gnotobiotic c3h/he male mice was markedly promoted by association with a bacterial combination of escherichia coli, streptococcus faecalis, and clostridium paraputrificum. this study demonstrated that this promoting effect was suppressed by addition of certain intestinal bacteria, such as bifidobacterium longum, lactobacillus acidophilus, and eubacterium rectale. | 1980 | 6780184 |
| clostridium paraputrificum bacteremia associated with aspiration pneumonia. | | 1982 | 7112187 |
| clostridium paraputrificum sepsis in sickle cell anemia. | we have described clostridial sepsis in a child who presented with an abdominal crisis of sickle cell disease. clostridium paraputrificum should be included in the list of organisms known to cause sepsis in patients with sickle cell anemia. | 1980 | 7444560 |
| genetic organization and distribution of tetracycline resistance determinants in clostridium perfringens. | the tet p determinant from the conjugative clostridium perfringens r plasmid pcw3 two functional overlapping tetracycline resistance genes, teta(p) and tetb(p). the teta(p) gene encodes a putative 46-kda transmembrane protein which mediates active efflux of tetracycline from the cell, while tetb(p) encodes a putative 72.6-kda protein which has significant similarity to tet m-like tetracycline resistance proteins (j. sloan, l.m. mcmurry, d. lyras, s. b. levy, and j. i. rood, mol. microbiol. 11:40 ... | 1996 | 8913453 |
| clostridium paraputrificum bacteremia in a patient with aids and duodenal kaposi's sarcoma. | | 1996 | 8922829 |
| cloning, sequencing, and expression of the gene encoding clostridium paraputrificum chitinase chib and analysis of the functions of novel cadherin-like domains and a chitin-binding domain. | the clostridium paraputrificum chib gene, encoding chitinase b (chib), consists of an open reading frame of 2,493 nucleotides and encodes 831 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 90,020. the deduced chib is a modular enzyme composed of a family 18 catalytic domain responsible for chitinase activity, two reiterated domains of unknown function, and a chitin-binding domain (cbd). the reiterated domains are similar to the repeating units of cadherin proteins but not to fibronectin type iii ... | 1997 | 9393694 |
| isolation of nitrofurantoin-resistant mutants of nitroreductase-producing clostridium sp. strains from the human intestinal tract. | five spontaneous nitrofurantoin-resistant mutants (one each of clostridium leptum, clostridium paraputrificum, two other clostridium spp. strains from the human intestinal microflora, and clostridium perfringens atcc 3626) were selected by growth on a nitrofurantoin-containing medium. all of the clostridium wild-type and mutant strains produced nitroreductase, as was shown by the conversion of 4-nitrobenzoic acid to 4-aminobenzoic acid. high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) analysis of t ... | 1998 | 9593138 |
| cloning and characterization of the polyhydroxybutyrate depolymerase gene of pseudomonas stutzeri and analysis of the function of substrate-binding domains. | the extracellular polyhydroxybutyrate (phb) depolymerase gene (phazpst) of pseudomonas stutzeri was cloned and sequenced. phazpst was composed of 1,728 bp encoding a protein of 576 amino acids. analyses of the n-terminal amino acid sequence and the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight (maldi-tof) mass spectrum of the purified enzyme showed that the mature enzyme consisted of 538 amino acids with a deduced molecular mass of 57,506 da. analysis of the deduced amino acid seque ... | 1999 | 9872779 |
| sequencing, expression, and transcription analysis of the clostridium paraputrificum chia gene encoding chitinase chia. | immediately (17 bp) upstream of the clostridium paraputrificum chib gene [j. bacteriol. 179: 7306-7314 (1997)], we found another chitinase gene chia encoding chitinase a (chia). the chia gene consists of an open reading frame of 2496 nucleotides and encodes 832 amino acids with a deduced molecular mass of 92,585 da. the mature chia is a modular enzyme composed of a family-18 catalytic domain responsible for chitinase activity, two cadherin-like domains, and a chitin-binding domain. the domain or ... | 1999 | 10222583 |
| effects of intestinal bacteria on the development of colonic neoplasm: an experimental study. | effects of intestinal microflora on the development of colonic neoplasm induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (dmh) were observed using conventionalized and gnotobiotic mouse models. the incidence of colonic adenoma in germ-free mice (iqi/jic) (gf), mice conventionalized after dmh injection (cvz-post-dmh) and conventionalized mice (cvz, conventionalized before dmh injection) was 74%, 69% and 58%, respectively. the mean number of adenomas per mouse in the three groups was 2.6, 2.0 and 1.4, respectivel ... | 1999 | 10443953 |
| growth-inhibiting effects of coptis japonica root-derived isoquinoline alkaloids on human intestinal bacteria. | the growth-inhibiting activity of coptis japonica (makino) root-derived materials toward eight human intestinal bacteria was examined using an impregnated paper disk method and compared to that of four commercially available isoquinoline alkaloids [berberine sulfate (bs), berberine iodide (bi), palmatine chloride (pc), and palmatine sulfate(ps)], as well as that of thea sinensis leaf-derived epigallocatechin gallate (egcg). the biologically active constituents of the coptis extract were characte ... | 1999 | 10552394 |
| cordycepin: selective growth inhibitor derived from liquid culture of cordyceps militaris against clostridium spp. | the growth responses of nine human intestinal bacteria to liquid culture of cordyceps militaris link. pt. (ascomycotina: clavicipitaceae) collected from a pupa of bombyx mori l. (lepidoptera: bombycidae) were examined using spectrophotometric and impregnated paper disk methods and compared to those of tetracycline and chloramphenicol, as well as those of coptis japonica root-derived berberine chloride. the biologically active constituent of the cultures was characterized as cordycepin (3'-deoxya ... | 2000 | 10898616 |
| comparison of four microbial enzymes in clostridia and bacteroides isolated from human feces. | the activities of four microbial enzymes (azoreductase, nitroreductase, beta-glucuronidase, and beta-glucosidase) in major anaerobic members of human fecal microflora were quantified and the influence of the host factors on expression of these microbial enzyme activities was also investigated. clostridium paraputrificum and c. clostridiiforme showed much higher activities than other fecal anaerobes tested. nitroreductase activity in c. paraputrificum isolated from fecal specimens of patients wit ... | 2002 | 12222935 |
| a novel beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase of clostridium paraputrificum m-21 with high activity on chitobiose. | a beta- n-acetylglucosaminidase gene ( nag3a) from clostridium paraputrificum m-21 was cloned in escherichia coli. the nag3a gene consists of an open reading frame of 1,239-bp, encoding 413 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 45,531 da. nag3a is a single domain enzyme containing a family 3 glycoside hydrolase catalytic domain. nag3a was purified from recombinant e. coli and characterized. the enzyme hydrolyzed chitooligomers such as di- n-acetylchitobiose, tri- n-acetylchitotriose, te ... | 2002 | 12466882 |
| in vitro activities of daptomycin, vancomycin, quinupristin- dalfopristin, linezolid, and five other antimicrobials against 307 gram-positive anaerobic and 31 corynebacterium clinical isolates. | the activities of daptomycin, a cyclic lipopeptide, and eight other agents were determined against 338 strains of gram-positive anaerobic bacteria and corynebacteria by the nccls reference agar dilution method with supplemented brucella agar for the anaerobes and mueller-hinton agar for the corynebacteria. the daptomycin mics determined on ca(2+)-supplemented (50 mg/liter) brucella agar plates were one- to fourfold lower than those determined in unsupplemented media. daptomycin was highly active ... | 2003 | 12499210 |
| identification and characterization of clostridium paraputrificum, a chitinolytic bacterium of human digestive tract. | a strictly anaerobic, mesophilic and chitinolytic bacterial strain was isolated from human feces. based on morphological and physiological properties and 16s rrna sequence analysis the strain was identified as clostridium paraputrificum. the strain utilized chitin and n-acetyl-d-glucosamine, grew on glucose and hydrolyzed starch. cultivation of the strain with colloidal chitin as the growth substrate resulted in the production of gas (hydrogen and carbon dioxide) and formation of acetate and lac ... | 2002 | 12503404 |
| sterospecific hydrogenation of delta-4-, delta-1,4-, delta-4,6-and delta-1,4,6-3-ketosteroids by clostridium paraputrificum. | | 1965 | 14280804 |
| expression of mitochondrial hmgcoa synthase and glutaminase in the colonic mucosa is modulated by bacterial species. | the expression of the colonic mitochondrial 3-hydroxy 3-methyl glutaryl coa (mhmgcoa) synthase, a key control site of ketogenesis from butyrate, is lower in germ-free (gf) than in conventional (cv) rats. in contrast, the activity of glutaminase is higher. the objective of this study was to investigate whether the intestinal flora can affect gene expression through short chain fatty acid (scfa) and butyrate production. gf rats were inoculated with a conventional flora (ino-cv) or with a bacterial ... | 2004 | 14686922 |
| selective growth-inhibiting effects of compounds identified in tabebuia impetiginosa inner bark on human intestinal bacteria. | the growth-inhibiting activity of anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid and lapachol identified in the inner bark of taheebo, tabebuia impetiginosa, toward 10 human intestinal bacteria was evaluated by using a paper disk diffusion bioassay and compared to those of seven lapachol congeners (1,4-naphthoquinone, naphthazarin, menadione, lawsone, plumbagin, juglone, and dichlone) as well as two commercially available antibiotics, chloramphenicol and tetracycline. anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid exhibited ... | 2005 | 15713033 |
| overexpression of a hydrogenase gene in clostridium paraputrificum to enhance hydrogen gas production. | a [fe]-hydrogenase gene (hyda) was cloned from clostridium paraputrificum m-21 in escherichia coli using a conserved dna sequence of clostridial hydrogenase genes amplified by pcr as the probe. the hyda gene consisted of an open reading frame of 1749 bp encoding 582 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 64,560 da. it was ligated into a shuttle vector, pjir751, originally constructed for clostridium perfringens and e. coli, and expressed in c. paraputrificum. hydrogen gas productivity o ... | 2005 | 15899410 |
| characterization of culturable anaerobic bacteria from the forestomach of an eastern grey kangaroo, macropus giganteus. | to determine the culturable biodiversity of anaerobic bacteria isolated from the forestomach contents of an eastern grey kangaroo, macropus giganteus, using phenotypic characterization and 16s rdna sequence analysis. | 2005 | 16162139 |
| conversion of chitinous wastes to hydrogen gas by clostridium paraputrificum m-21. | the chitinolytic bacterium clostridium paraputrificum strain m-21 produced 2.2 and 1.5 mol hydrogen gas from 1 mol n-acetyl-d-glucosamine (glcnac) and ball-milled chitin equivalent to 1 mol of glcnac, respectively, at ph 6.0. in addition, strain m-21 efficiently degraded and fermented ball-milled raw shrimp and lobster shells to produce hydrogen gas: 11.4 mmol h2 from 2.6 g of the former and 7.8 mmol h2 from 1.5 g of the latter. hydrogen evolution from these shell wastes were enhanced two fold b ... | 2001 | 16233001 |
| characterization of clostridium paraputrificum chitinase a from a recombinant escherichia coli. | clostridium paraputrificum chitinase a (chia) was purified from a recombinant escherichia coli. chia was active toward chitin from crab shells, colloidal chitin, glycol chitin, and 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-d-n,n'-diacetylchitobioside [4-mu-(glcnac)2]. chia showed maximum activity at ph 6.0 and its optimum temperature was 45 degrees c. chia was stable between ph 6.0 and 9.0 and at temperatures up to 40 degrees c. the k(m) and v(max) values of chia for 4-mu-(glcnac)2 were estimated to be 6.9 micr ... | 2001 | 16233129 |
| a new type of beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase from hydrogen-producing clostridium paraputrificum m-21. | a beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase gene (nag84a) was cloned from clostridium paraputrificum m-21 in escherichia coli. the nag84a gene consists of an open reading frame of 4647 by encoding 1549 amino acids, with a deduced molecular weight of 174,311, which have a catalytic domain belonging to family 84 of the glycoside hydrolases. nag84a was purified from a recombinant e. coli and characterized. although nag84a exhibited high homology to the hyaluronidase from clostridium perfringens, it did not degr ... | 2003 | 16233520 |
| electrotransformation of clostridium paraputrificum m-21 with some plasmids. | clostridium paraputrificum m-21 was transformed with several shuttle plasmids constructed for clostridium acetobutylicum-escherichia coli and clostridium perfringens-e. coli by electroporation. the clostridium stercorarium xylanase gene xyn10b was successfully expressed in c. paraputrificum m-21 and the expressed protein did not suffer from proteolysis by host protease(s). this system will provide us with a genetic tool for genetic and metabolic engineering of this bacterium. | 2003 | 16233526 |
| isolation of an obligately anaerobic bacillus from the feces of newborn infants and from other human sources, and its probable identity with the "köpfchenbakterien" of escherich, rodella's "bacillus iii," and bacillus paraputrificus (bienstock). | | 1934 | 16559740 |
| the serologic agglutination of the obligate anaerobes clostridium paraputrificum (bienstock) and clostridium capitovalis (synder and hall). | | 1936 | 16559961 |
| mechanism of the non-specific serum agglutination of the obligate anaerobes clostridium paraputrificum and clostridium capitovalis. | | 1936 | 16559962 |
| the identity of "bacillus innutritus" (kleinschmidt) and bacillus paraputrificus (bienstock). | | 1937 | 16560083 |
| identification of a catalytic residue of clostridium paraputrificum n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase nag3a by site-directed mutagenesis. | clostridium paraputrificum m-21 beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase 3a (nag3a) is an enzyme classified in family 3 of the glycoside hydrolases. to identify catalytic residues of this enzyme, mutations were introduced into highly conserved glu and asp residues. replacement of asp175 with ala abolished the catalytic activity without change in the circular dichroism spectrum, strongly suggesting that this residue is a catalytic residue, a nucleophile/base or a proton donor. since the k(m) values of mutant ... | 2006 | 16717412 |
| characteristics of hydrogen and methane production from cornstalks by an augmented two- or three-stage anaerobic fermentation process. | this paper presents the co-production of hydrogen and methane from cornstalks by a two- or three-stage anaerobic fermentation process augmented with effective artificial microbial community. two-stage fermentation by using the anaerobic sludge and dgge analysis showed that effective and stable strains should be introduced into the system. we introduced enterobacter aerogens or clostridium paraputrificum into the hydrogen stage, and c. paraputrificum was proven to be more effective. in the three- ... | 2009 | 19231169 |
| microbiota matures colonic epithelium through a coordinated induction of cell cycle-related proteins in gnotobiotic rat. | previous studies have suggested that intestinal microbiota modulates colonic epithelium renewal. the objective of our work was to study the effects of microbiota on colonic epithelium structure and cell cycle-related proteins by using gnotobiotic rats. colonic crypts and amount of cell cycle-related proteins were compared between germ-free (gf), conventional (cv), and conventionalized rats by histochemistry and western blot. ki67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna) were used as surroga ... | 2010 | 20466941 |
| Sample preparation in separation of the extracellular chitinolytic enzymes of the human intestinal bacterium Clostridium paraputrificum J4 from the culture fluids. | Membrane ultrafiltration (UF) was used in sample preparation of the culture fluids of the human intestinal bacterium Clostridium paraputrificum strain J4 containing seven extracellular chitinolytic isoenzymes (38-90 kDa). The subsequent filtration of the bacteria-free supernatants was carried out through Millipore membranes with cut-off 100 and 30 kDa for separation of undigested components of the culture medium and bacterial metabolites with molecular weight higher and lower than that of the ta ... | 2011 | 21703948 |
| growth-inhibiting and morphostructural effects of constituents identified in asarum heterotropoides root on human intestinal bacteria. | the growth-inhibiting and morphostructural effects of seven constituents identified in asarum heterotropoides root on 14 intestinal bacteria were compared with those of the fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin. | 2013 | 24083511 |
| the antimicrobial action of chitosan, low molar mass chitosan, and chitooligosaccharides on human colonic bacteria. | antibacterial effect of chitooligosaccharides (cos) and low molar mass chitosans (lmwc) is considered as one of the most important characteristics of chitosan (cs) hydrolysates. here, we show the in vitro effect of different cos, lmwc, and cs on representative anaerobic bacteria isolated from human colon as a possibility of targeting modification of colonic microflora composition by supplementation of dietary cs products by humans. specific growth rate of seven selected nonpathogenic anaerobic b ... | 2012 | 22528310 |
| alterations in ileal mucosa bacteria related to diet complexity and growth performance in young pigs. | evaluation of the prolonged impact of weaning diet on ileal mucosa bacteria and during periods of reduced and improved growth was conducted using 454 pyrosequencing. | 2014 | 25247930 |
| chitinolytic enzymes from bacterium inhabiting human gastrointestinal tract -- critical parameters of protein isolation from anaerobic culture. | the object of this study are chitinolytic enzymes produced by bacterium clostridium paraputrificum j4 isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of a healthy human. in particular, we focus on the development of purification protocols, determination of properties of the enzymes and their activity profiles. the process of bacteria cultivation and isolation of chitinolytic complex of enzymes showing specific activities of endo-, exo-chitinase and n-acetyl-╬▓-glucosaminidase was optimized. a range of ... | 2011 | 21666887 |
| extracellular complex of chitinolytic enzymes of clostridium paraputrificum strain j4 separated by membrane ultrafiltration. | membrane diafiltration was used for separation of the extracellular complex of chitinolytic enzymes of c. paraputrificum j4 free from contaminants with molar mass higher than 100 kda and lower than 30 kda. the enzyme complex containing beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase (nagase) and six endochitinases was concentrated on a membrane with cut-off 30 kda. in this retentate, the nagase/endochitinase specific activity was 13.5/6.5-times higher than in the initial culture filtrate. the proportion (in%) of e ... | 2010 | 20680578 |
| characterization of the third chitinase chi18c of clostridium paraputrificum m-21. | a novel chitinase gene chic of clostridium paraputrificum m-21, a chitinolytic and hydrogen-gas-producing bacterium, was characterized along with its translated product. the chi18c gene encodes 683 amino acids (signal peptide included) with a deduced molecular weight of 74,651. chi18c is a modular enzyme composed of a family-18 catalytic module of glycoside hydrolases, two reiterated modules of unknown function, and a family-12 carbohydrate-binding module. recombinant chi18c was active toward so ... | 2007 | 17091272 |
| detection and quantification of four species of the genus clostridium in infant feces. | to determine the composition of clostridium in the feces of infants approximately 30 days old, we have developed a detection and quantification method of clostridium paraputrificum, clostridium perfringens, clostridium tertium, and clostridium difficile by species-specific primers. c. perfringens and c. difficile were detected in four fecal samples from 22 infants (18.2%), whereas c. paraputrificum was detected in three samples (16.7%). c. tertium was detected in two samples (9.1%). moreover, th ... | 2005 | 16301809 |
| identification and characterization of clostridium paraputrificum m-21, a chitinolytic, mesophilic and hydrogen-producing bacterium. | a strictly anaerobic, mesophilic and chitinolytic bacterial strain, m-21, was isolated from a soil sample collected from mie university campus and identified as clostridium paraputrificum based on morphological and physiological characteristics, and 16s rrna sequence analysis. c. paraputrificum m-21 utilized chitin and n-acetyl-d-glucosamine (glcnac), a constituent monosaccharide of chitin, to produce a large amount of gas along with acetic acid and propionic acid as major fermentation products. ... | 2000 | 16232804 |
| structure-activity relationship study on the bioreduction of azo dyes by clostridium paraputrificum. | seven commercially available, structurally related azo dyes have been bioreduced by the anaerobic bacterium clostridium paraputrificum. the rates of reduction of these dyes were found to vary between 24 and 74 nmoles reduced/mg protein/h. acid red 1 and desmethyl acid red 106 were found to be the most readily reduced, while chromotrope 2r and cibacron brilliant red 3b-a were reduced at the slowest rates. the differences in reduction rates can be rationalized on the basis of structural difference ... | 2001 | 11349846 |
| differential influence of butyrate concentration on proximal and distal colonic mucosa in rats born germ-free and associated with a strain of clostridium paraputrificum. | in vivo influence of butyrate in colonic mucosa was studied using a model of gnotobiotic rats monoassociated with a clostridium paraputrificum. rats were fed a diet containing increasing amounts of non-digestible carbohydrates, the fermentation of which led to modulated amounts of butyrate in the large intestine. in the proximal colon, the increase in the butyrate concentration alters crypt depth and the number of mucus-containing cells; the increase in butyrate was highly correlated with the nu ... | 2001 | 11223399 |
| preparation of 3-ketodesogestrel metabolites by microbial transformation and chemical synthesis. | specific microbial reactions were used for the preparation of metabolites of 3-ketodesogestrel (13-ethyl-17 beta-hydroxy-11-methylene-18,19-dinor-17 alpha-pregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one, the active from of the progestagen desogestrel. clostridium paraputrificum transformed 3-ketodesogestrel (kdg) to the 5 beta-dihydro and tetrahydro metabolites 13-ethyl-17 beta-hydroxy-11-methylene-18,19-dinor-5 beta, 17 alpha-pregnan-20-yn-3-one and 13-ethyl-11-methylene-18,19-dinor-5 beta, 17 alpha-pregnan-20-yne-3 al ... | 1997 | 9178431 |
| formation of 20 beta-dihydrosteroids by anaerobic bacteria. | cortisol was metabolized to a variety of products, among them small amounts of cortol by fecal flora of humans and rats. a microorganism, bifidobacterium adolescentis, isolated from both sources, synthesized a 20-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase which reduced cortisol to 20 beta-dihydrocortisol. the metabolite was reduced to cortol by clostridium paraputrificum. the 20-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase showed a wide substrate specificity; it was independent of the 4-ene and the configuration at c3, c-11, ... | 1982 | 7176656 |
| evidence against significant 19-nor-deoxycorticosterone production in patients with 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency. | tetrahydro-19-nor-deoxycorticosterone (3 alpha, 21-dihydroxy-19-nor-5 beta-pregnan-20-one, a presumed metabolite of 19-nor-doc was sought in the conjugated steroid fractions of urine from patients with 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency syndrome. the reference material was prepared by microbial reduction (clostridium paraputrificum) of 19-nor-doc. urinary steroid fractions of appropriate polarity were examined by high resolution gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (gc/ms) bu ... | 1982 | 6982794 |
| bacterial formation of aldosterone metabolites. | the experiments described in this paper demonstrate that most of the metabolic alterations of the aldosterone molecule, hitherto attributed to hepatic enzymes, equally well may be carried out by enzymes synthesized by anaerobic bacteria from the human gut. the steroid reductases synthesized by clostridium paraputrificum, clostridium j-1, and clostridium innocuum convert aldosterone to the 3 alpha, 5 beta tetrahydroaldosterone (tha), 3 beta, 5 alpha-tha, and 3 alpha, 5 alpha-tha, respectively. al ... | 1984 | 6513554 |
| characterization of delta 4-3-ketosteroid-5 beta-reductase and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in cell extracts of clostridium innocuum. | cell extracts prepared anaerobically from clostridium innocuum and clostridium paraputrificum reduced delta 4-3-ketosteroids to 3 beta 5 beta and 3 alpha 5 beta derivatives, respectively. delta 4-3-ketosteroid-5 beta-reductase (5 beta-reductase) from both organisms required nadh for activity. 5 beta-reductase from c. innocuum had a ph optimum of 5.0. the substrate concentration at half-maximal reaction velocity was 4.2 microm, and a specific activity of 17 nmol product formed/h per mg protein wa ... | 1985 | 3861198 |
| characterization of nadp-dependent 12 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from clostridium paraputrificum. | clostridium paraputrificum d 762-06 was found to contain an nadp-dependent 12 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, already present in uninduced cells. its specific activity could, however, be enhanced up to about 3-fold by the inclusion of bile acids with a 12-keto group or a 12 beta-hydroxy group in the growth medium. 3 alpha-hydroxy-12-keto-5 beta-cholanoic acid was the most effective inducer. a ph optimum of 10.0 and a molecular weight of 126,000 were estimated by molecular sieve chromatography ... | 1988 | 3167086 |
| reduction of nitroaromatic compounds by anaerobic bacteria isolated from the human gastrointestinal tract. | human intestinal microbial flora were screened for their abilities to reduce nitroaromatic compounds by growing them on brain heart infusion agar plates containing 1-nitropyrene. bacteria metabolizing 1-nitropyrene, detected by the appearance of clear zones around the colonies, were identified as clostridium leptum, clostridium paraputrificum, clostridium clostridiiforme, another clostridium sp., and a eubacterium sp. these bacteria produced aromatic amines from nitroaromatic compounds, as shown ... | 1991 | 2059053 |
| the nuclear dehydrogenation of steroids by intestinal bacteria. | we have postulated that bacteria able to dehydrogenate the bile-acid nucleus are important in the aetiology of cancer of the colon. in this paper we report on screening for the ability to carry out two such reactions. the relevant enzymes are produced by a high proportion of strains of clostridium paraputrificum, c. tertium and c. indolis, and by small numbers of strains in other clostridial species, but not by organisms of the other genera tested. strains able to dehydrogenate the bile-acid nuc ... | 1975 | 1177289 |
| gas-forming clostridial mycotic aneurysm of the abdominal aorta. a case report. | gas-forming mycotic aneurysms are extremely rare. a case is reported in which rupture of a gas-forming mycotic aneurysm of the distal abdominal aorta due to clostridium paraputrificum occurred in an elderly male with a myeloproliferative disorder and a necrotic carcinoma of the colon. | 1976 | 1053471 |
| bacterial metabolism of corticoids with particular reference to the 21-dehydroxylation. | clostridium paraputrificum, an obligate anaerobe recovered from human feces, reduces the alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl of deoxycorticosterone, corticosterone, cortisone, and cortisol. the same steroids are 21-dehydroxylated by culture 116, recently isolated from human feces, and by a closely related organism, eubacterium lentum. the 21-dehydroxylase has no effect on hydroxyl groups at carbon atoms 11 and 17. | 1979 | 429305 |
| transformation of 4-androsten-3,17-dione by growing cultures and cell extracts of clostridium paraputrificum. | growing cultures of clostridium paraputrificum transformed 4-androsten-3,17-dione to 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 beta-androstan-17-one in a sequential manner with 5 beta-androstan-3,17-dione as an intermediate. the addition of 1.5 mm menadione to log-phase cultures which had formed 5 beta-androstan-3,17-dione resulted in a partial reoxidation of this steroid to 4-androsten-3,17-dione. however, this treatment also resulted in transient inhibition of culture growth. resumption of growth was accompanied by c ... | 1979 | 221033 |
| 3alpha-, 7alpha- and 12alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities from clostridium perfringens. | 25 strains of clostridium perfringens were screened for hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity; 19 contained nadp-dependent 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and eight contained nad-dependent 12alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase active against conjugated and unconjugated bile salts. all strains containing 12alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase also contained 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase although 12alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was invariably in lesser quantity than the 3alpha-hydroxys ... | 1976 | 10985 |
| improvement of hydrogen productivity by introduction of nadh regeneration pathway in clostridium paraputrificum. | to improve the hydrogen productivity and examine the hydrogen evolution mechanism of clostridium paraputrificum, roles of formate in hydrogen evolution and effects of introducing formate-originated nadh regeneration were explored. the formate-decomposing pathway for hydrogen production was verified to exist in c. paraputrificum. then nad(+)-dependent formate dehydrogenase fdh1 gene (fdh1) from candida boidinii was overexpressed, which regenerate more nadh from formate to form hydrogen by nadh-me ... | 2012 | 22592776 |
| clostridium paraputrificum bacteremia associated with colonic necrosis in a patient with aids. | clostridium species are anaerobic gram-positive rods that can cause a broad range of invasive infections in humans, including myonecrosis and bacteremia. importantly, clostridial bacteremia is frequently associated with underlying medical conditions, such as colonic malignancy. characterizing clostridium spp. and understanding their associated clinical disease spectrum are paramount to provide optimal treatment, thereby decreasing morbidity and mortality especially in those with underlying debil ... | 2015 | 25692054 |
| [a multienzyme bioreactor based on a chitinase complex]. | a heterogeneous biocatalyst containing a complex of chitinolytic enzymes isolated from the culture medium of bacteria clostridium paraputrificum on the surface of macroporous monolithic minidisc was obtained. the complex of chitinolytic enzymes was immobilized on the polymer matrix using a multistep method involving the introduction of an intermediate macromolecular spacer. the endochitinase and n-acetylglucosaminidase activity of the heterogeneous biocatalyst was studied. | 2016 | 25707104 |
| insights into the global regulation of anaerobic metabolism for improved biohydrogen production. | to improve the biohydrogen yield in bacterial dark fermentation, a new approach of global anaerobic regulation was introduced. two cellular global regulators fnr and narp were overexpressed in two model organisms: facultatively anaerobic enterobacter aerogenes (ea) and strictly anaerobic clostridium paraputrificum (cp). the overexpression of fnr and narp greatly altered anaerobic metabolism and increased the hydrogen yield by 40%. metabolic analysis showed that the global regulation caused more ... | 2016 | 26476162 |
| genome sequence of clostridium paraputrificum 373-a1 isolated in chile from a patient infected with clostridium difficile. | clostridium paraputrificum is a gut microbiota member reported in several cases of bacteremia and coinfections. so far, only one genome sequence of a c. paraputrificum (agr2156) isolate is available. here, we present the draft genome of c. paraputrificum strain 373-a1, isolated from stools from a patient with c. difficile infection. | 2016 | 27811092 |
| excretome of the chitinolytic bacterium clostridium paraputrificum j4. | a strictly anaerobic mesophilic chitinolytic bacterial strain identified as clostridium paraputrificum j4 was isolated from human feces. in response to various types of growth substrates, the bacterium produced an array of chitinolytic enzymes representing significant components of the j4 strain secretome. the excreted active proteins were characterized by estimating the enzymatic activities of endochitinase, exochitinase, and n-acetylglucosaminidase induced by cultivation in medium m-10 with co ... | 2012 | 22528309 |