| multiple populations of double-stranded rna in two virus-harbouring strains of trichomonas vaginalis. | the existence of six dsrna segments of trichomonas vaginalis virus was confirmed and the molar mass and relative abundance of these segments were determined by agarose gel electrophoresis with reovirus dsrna serving as a standard. the m's were 3.5, 3.4, 3.2, 2.5, 1.4 and 0.34 mg/mol for the two strains studied, the relative abundances, however, were 1.0, 1.4, 3.0, 0.3, 2.7, 4.2 and 1.0, 0.6, 1.7, 0.5, 3.4 1.0 for these strains, respectively. cell homogenate fractionation showed that all dsrna se ... | 1988 | 3240907 |
| characterization of double-stranded rna satellites associated with the trichomonas vaginalis virus. | three small and distinct satellite double-stranded rnas (dsrnas) denoted s1, s1', and s2 were recently described for a trichomonas vaginalis isolate harboring a dsrna virus. since characterization of these satellite dsrnas might provide insight into the virus replication cycle and virus-host interactions, full-length cdnas to s1 and s1' dsrnas were synthesized and sequenced. s1 dsrna has 688 bp, and s1' dsrna has 616 bp. a 228-bp open reading frame that begins at nucleotide 37 was detected on a ... | 1995 | 7474105 |
| the cdna sequence of trichomonas vaginalis virus-t1 double-stranded rna. | trichomonas vaginalis virus (tvv) is a nonsegmented double-stranded (ds) rna virus that infects the pathogenic protozoan t. vaginalis. to study the virus, we cloned the genomic ds rna of a tvv-t1 isolate and obtained a contiguous 4647-bp cdna sequence. two overlapping genes separated by a + 1 reading frame shift were identified on the plus strand but none on the complementary strand rna in this sequence. the upstream gene probably encodes a 75-kda capsid protein, and the downstream gene encodes ... | 1995 | 7831841 |
| unique double-stranded rnas associated with the trichomonas vaginalis virus are synthesized by viral rna-dependent rna polymerase. | most trichomonas vaginalis isolates are carriers of the multisegmented double-stranded rna (dsrna) virus. in vitro polymerase assays were performed to demonstrate the rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) activity of purified particles. transcripts which comigrated with the dsrnas of the virus were readily detected as synthesized products, indicating viral rdrp activity. in addition, smaller-sized dsrna species, possibly two of approximately 700 bp (s1) and one of 500 bp (s2), were synthesized by ... | 1994 | 7933092 |
| trichomonas vaginalis with a double-stranded rna virus has upregulated levels of phenotypically variable immunogen mrna. | some isolates of trichomonas vaginalis carry a double-stranded rna virus (tvv) and undergo phenotypic variation between surface expression and cytoplasmic expression of a prominent immunogen (p270). only trichomonads with tvv express p270 on the surface. northern (rna) blots using a specific cdna encoding the repeat element of the phenotypically varying p270 immunogen as a probe showed accumulation of p270 transcript only in isolates with tvv (v+) in contrast to isolates without the virus (v-). ... | 1994 | 8189538 |
| killing of trichomonas vaginalis by complement-mediated lysis is not associated with the presence of trichomonas vaginalis virus. | we have examined the possible relationship between trichomonad killing by human serum and the presence of virus-encoded double-stranded ribonucleic acid in t. vaginalis (tvv). indirect immunofluorescence assay revealed that non-immune serum (nis) and t. vaginalis-immune serum (tvis) had immunoglobulin g (igg) antibody titres of 1:8 and 1:256, respectively, against t. vaginalis. among the 12 isolates of t. vaginalis examined, 9 were infected with tvv. upon long-term (> 9 months) culture, of the 9 ... | 1993 | 8225773 |
| the divergence of trichomonas vaginalis virus rnas among various isolates of trichomonas vaginalis. | trichomonas vaginalis virus is a double-stranded (ds) rna virus found in the parasitic protozoan t. vaginalis. to examine the possible existence of related viruses in various t. vaginalis strains and isolates, we screened 20 such isolates and found the characteristic 5.5-kb viral ds rna in 16 of them. an additional 0.5-kb ds rna band was also identified in 10 of these virus-infected t. vaginalis isolates. in a local isolate t1, this 0.5-kb ds rna cross-hybridized with the 5.5-kb ds rna. prelimin ... | 1993 | 8500587 |
| influenza virus vaccination of patients with chronic lung disease. | to evaluate the safety of, and mucosal and systemic immune responses induced by two influenza virus vaccine regimens in subjects with copd. | 1997 | 9367461 |
| characterization of trichomonad species and strains by pcr fingerprinting. | the random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) technique was used for phylogenetic analysis of trichomonads, for intraspecies genealogical study of trichomonas vaginalis strains, and for assessment of intrastrain polymorphism in trichomonas vaginalis. the phylogenetic tree for 12 trichomonad species showed certain discrepancies with current models of trichomonad evolution. however, it shows that rapd traits retain phylogenetically relevant information. the results of intraspecies analyses of 18 tri ... | 1997 | 9435127 |
| characterization of trichomonas vaginalis virus proteins in the pathogenic protozoan t. vaginalis. | the 4.6-kb double-stranded (ds) rna of trichomonas vaginalis virus (tvv)-t1 has been shown to encode two overlapping genes, cap and pol. in this study, a serum for specifically detecting viral cap gene product was raised against a recombinant protein, and sera for specifically detecting pol gene product were raised against synthetic oligopeptides. a 75-kda major protein and a 160-kda minor protein were detected by anti-cap serum in a tvv-t1 sample, indicating that the 75-kda protein is the viral ... | 1998 | 9645201 |
| the complete cdna sequence of a type ii trichomonas vaginalis virus. | trichomonas vaginalis viruses (tvv), which may regulate p270 gene expression in the protozoan pathogen t. vaginalis, are a group of divergent double-stranded (ds) rna viruses. in the present study, the complete 4674-bp cdna sequence of a 4.6-kb ds rna from a newly identified tvv2-1 isolate was determined. the sequence of the plus-strand mrna contains four open reading frames, which encode overlapping cap and pol genes in the reading frame 2 and reading frame 1, respectively, and two putative ser ... | 2000 | 10662630 |
| molecular epidemiology of metronidazole resistance in a population of trichomonas vaginalis clinical isolates. | trichomonas vaginalis, the causative agent for human trichomoniasis, is a problematic sexually transmitted disease mainly in women, where it may be asymptomatic or cause severe vaginitis and cervicitis. despite its high prevalence, the genetic variability and drug resistance characteristics of this organism are poorly understood. to address these issues, genetic analyses were performed on 109 clinical isolates using three approaches. first, two internal transcribed spacer (its) regions flanking ... | 2000 | 10921968 |
| concordance between genetic relatedness and phenotypic similarities of trichomonas vaginalis strains. | despite the medical importance of trichomoniasis, little is known about the genetic relatedness of trichomonas vaginalis strains with similar biological characteristics. furthermore, the distribution of endobionts such as mycoplasmas or trichomonas vaginalis virus (tvv) in the t. vaginalis metapopulation is poorly characterised. | 2001 | 11734059 |
| identification of a satellite double-stranded rna in the parasitic protozoan trichomonas vaginalis infected with t. vaginalis virus t1. | co-infection by a 0.5-kb small double-stranded (ds) rna together with trichomonas vaginalis virus (tvv) genomic 4.6-kb dsrna is commonly observed in a number of t. vaginalis isolates. by molecular cloning and primer extension experiments, the 497-bp cdna sequence of a 0.5-kb dsrna co-infecting with tvv-t1 in t vagina/is t1 isolate was elucidated. consistent with the replication cycle of a typical dsrna virus, a plus-strand viral rna beginning at +1 of the 0.5-kb dsrna was identified in infected ... | 1995 | 11831699 |
| virus in trichomonas--an ultrastructural study. | trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated, parasitic protozoan that inhabits the urogenital tract of humans. approximately one-half of isolates of t. vaginalis are infected with a double-stranded (ds) rna virus, which was described in the literature as a homogeneous population of icosahedral virus with isometric symmetry and 33 nm in diameter. the present study describes the heterogeneous virus population found in t. vaginalis isolate 347. this population comprises different virus sizes (33-200 nm) ... | 2002 | 12243783 |
| efficacy trial of live, cold-adapted and inactivated influenza virus vaccines in older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a va cooperative study. | we assessed whether trivalent live, cold-adapted influenza virus (caiv-t) vaccine provides added protection when co-administered with trivalent inactivated influenza virus vaccine (tvv) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). subjects (n=2215) were randomly assigned to receive either tvv intramuscularly (im) and caiv-t intranasally (tc), or tvv and placebo (tp). the vaccines were well-tolerated. efficacy of tc compared to tp was not statistically significant and was 0.16 f ... | 2003 | 12706704 |
| double stranded rna virus in south african trichomonas vaginalis isolates. | to screen trichomonas vaginalis isolates from south africa for the presence of a small double stranded rna virus designated t vaginalis virus (tvv). | 2003 | 12835302 |
| immunity to influenza in older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | chronically ill older adults constitute a population vulnerable for complications associated with influenza. study of their immunity to influenza virus may help design better strategies to stimulate protective immune responses. | 2004 | 15195238 |
| molecular characterization of egyptian trichomonas vaginalis clinical isolates by hsp70 restriction fragment length polymorphism. | molecular typing of 20 egyptian trichomonas vaginalis clinical isolates was performed using the restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis employing a probe from the heat-inducible cytoplasmic hsp70 gene family hybridized with ecor l-digested genomic dna. in each of the isolates tested 5 to 6 distinct dna fragments ranging from 2.7 kb to 7.5 kb in size were detected. analysis of 13 isolates from symptomatic and 7 isolates from asymptomatic women revealed 6 distinct rflp pattern sub ... | 2005 | 16083077 |
| double-stranded rna viral infection in cuban trichomonas vaginalis isolates. | trichomonas vaginalis can be infected with double-stranded rna (dsrna) viruses designated t. vaginalis virus (tvv), which may have important implications for trichomonal virulence and disease pathogenesis. we tested for tvv in 40 fresh t. vaginalis isolates from cuban patients by total extraction of nucleic acids (dna and rna). tvv was detected in 22 (55%) of the 40 t. vaginalis isolates. this gives an estimate of the infection rate of cuban t. vaginalis isolates by the dsrna virus. future resea ... | 2006 | 16410949 |
| [cloning and sequence analysis of a partial gene of trichomonas vaginalis dsrna virus]. | a pair of degenerate primers were designed following the published nucleotide sequence of trichomonas vaginalis virus(u08999, nc003873, nc003824, nc003834). using the total nucleic acids extracted from the trichomonas vaginalis as template, rt-pcr was performed with the primers to obtain a fragment of the tvv. the product was cloned, sequenced and compared with the sequences available in the genbank. the size of the amplified gene was 1 454bp, which shares 82.9% sequence identity with the tricho ... | 2006 | 17361826 |
| double-stranded rna virus in korean isolate ih-2 of trichomonas vaginalis. | in this study, we describe korean isolates of trichomonas vaginalis infected with double-stranded (ds) rna virus (tvv). one t. vaginalis isolate infected with tvv ih-2 evidenced weak pathogenicity in the mouse assay coupled with the persistent presence of a dsrna, thereby indicating a hypovirulence effect of dsrna in t. vaginalis. cloning and sequence analysis results revealed that the genomic dsrna of tvv ih-2 was 4,647 bp in length and evidenced a sequence identity of 80% with the previously-d ... | 2007 | 17570970 |
| examination for double-stranded rna viruses in trichomonas gallinae and identification of a novel sequence of a trichomonas vaginalis virus. | to determine if double-stranded rna (dsrna) viruses exist and are potential virulence factors in trichomonas gallinae, virus purification via ultracentrifugation was attempted for 12 t. gallinae isolates recovered from wild birds. following purification, virus-like particles were not observed by transmission electron microscopy, nor were dsrna segments visualized in agarose gels after electrophoresis of extracted rna from any of the 12 t. gallinae isolates. however, virus particles and dsrna seg ... | 2009 | 19452169 |
| a trivalent virus-like particle vaccine elicits protective immune responses against seasonal influenza strains in mice and ferrets. | there is need for improved human influenza vaccines, particularly for older adults who are at greatest risk for severe disease, as well as to address the continuous antigenic drift within circulating human subtypes of influenza virus. we have engineered an influenza virus-like particle (vlp) as a new generation vaccine candidate purified from the supernatants of sf9 insect cells following infection by recombinant baculoviruses to express three influenza virus proteins, hemagglutinin (ha), neuram ... | 2009 | 19554101 |
| double-stranded rna viral infection of trichomonas vaginalis and correlation with genetic polymorphism of isolates. | trichomonas vaginalis can be infected with double-stranded rna (dsrna) viruses known as t. vaginalis virus (tvv). this viral infection may have important implications for trichomonal virulence and disease pathogenesis. the objective of this study was to determine the possible correlation between the t. vaginalis genetic polymorphism and the isolate infection with tvv. the random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) technique was used to determine genetic differences among 37 isolates of t. vaginalis ... | 2010 | 20875411 |
| identification and characterization of a type iii trichomonas vaginalis virus in the protozoan pathogen trichomonas vaginalis. | a type iii trichomonas vaginalis virus, which may be involved in transcriptional regulation of the major surface protein gene p270 of the protozoan pathogen trichomonas vaginalis, was purified and characterized in the present study. the complete 4844-base-pair complementary dna sequence of the viral genome reveals overlapping cap and pol genes with a putative ribosomal frame-shifting signal within the overlap region. the type iii virus is related more closely to the type ii virus than to the typ ... | 2010 | 21110050 |
| the presence of dsrna virus in trichomonas vaginalis isolates from symptomatic and asymptomatic indian women and its correlation with in vitro metronidazole sensitivity. | trichomonas vaginalis, a protozoan parasite, is the causative agent of human trichomoniasis, the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease. the infection encompasses from a complete asymptomatic presentation to severe sequelae; yet, the virulence markers have been poorly understood. it is suggested that the presence of trichomonas vaginalis virus (tvv) in t. vaginalis may have an impact on its virulence, and its relatedness to in vitro metronidazole resistance has been reported. the aim ... | 2011 | 21654110 |
| Genetic characterization of three Cuban Trichomonas vaginalis virus. Phylogeny of Totiviridae family. | Trichomonas vaginalis can be infected with double stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses known as T. vaginalis virus (TVV). This viral infection may have important implications for trichomonal virulence and disease pathogenesis. In this study we identified and genetic characterized three strains of TVVs isolated from T. vaginalis in Cuba. The three new predicted sequences of capsid protein and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase amounted to the previously determined 20 TVV sequences and other 21 viruses of Totiv ... | 2012 | 22075038 |
| The viral RNA-based transfection of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in the parasitic protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis. | Here we have developed methods to transiently and stably transfect the human pathogenic protist Trichomonas vaginalis. The viral RNA-based transfection vector pTVV-EGFP/NEO was constructed by using enhanced green fluorescent protein gene (EGFP) and neomycin resistance gene (NEO) in tandem to replace the whole gene encoding region of T. vaginalis virus (TVV). The in vitro transcripts of linearized pTVV-EGFP/NEO were electroporated into trophozoites and the transfectants transiently expressed EGFP ... | 2011 | 21861063 |
| characterization of specific rapd markers of virulence in trichomonas vaginalis isolates. | as for human trichomoniasis the host-parasite relationship is very complex, and the broad ranges of clinical symptoms are unlikely be attributable to a single pathogenic mechanism. specific random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers of 490 bp, 720 bp and 460 bp using the primers tv-5, opa-6 and opa-11, respectively, were reported. this was the first description of possible genetic virulence markers of the infection by t. vaginalis. the aim of this study was to characterize the specific rapd ... | 2015 | 26622300 |
| three-dimensional structure of a protozoal double-stranded rna virus that infects the enteric pathogen giardia lamblia. | giardia lamblia virus (glv) is a small, nonenveloped, nonsegmented double-stranded rna (dsrna) virus infecting giardia lamblia, the most common protozoan pathogen of the human intestine and a major agent of waterborne diarrheal disease worldwide. glv (genus giardiavirus) is a member of family totiviridae, along with several other groups of protozoal or fungal viruses, including leishmania rna viruses and trichomonas vaginalis viruses. interestingly, glv is more closely related than other totivir ... | 2014 | 25378500 |
| in silico single strand melting curve: a new approach to identify nucleic acid polymorphisms in totiviridae. | the pcr technique and its variations have been increasingly used in the clinical laboratory and recent advances in this field generated new higher resolution techniques based on nucleic acid denaturation dynamics. the principle of these new molecular tools is based on the comparison of melting profiles, after denaturation of a dna double strand. until now, the secondary structure of single-stranded nucleic acids has not been exploited to develop identification systems based on pcr. to test the p ... | 2014 | 25030031 |
| the villain team-up or how trichomonas vaginalis and bacterial vaginosis alter innate immunity in concert. | complex interactions of vaginal microorganisms with the genital tract epithelium shape mucosal innate immunity, which holds the key to sexual and reproductive health. bacterial vaginosis (bv), a microbiome-disturbance syndrome prevalent in reproductive-age women, occurs commonly in concert with trichomoniasis, and both are associated with increased risk of adverse reproductive outcomes and viral infections, largely attributable to inflammation. to investigate the causative relationships among in ... | 2013 | 23903808 |
| detection and molecular characterization of double-stranded rna viruses in philippine trichomonas vaginalis isolates. | the flagellated protozoon trichomonas vaginalis that parasitizes the urogenital tract of humans was reported to harbor double-stranded rna (dsrna) viruses. these viruses, identified as trichomonas vaginalis virus (tvv), belong to the genus trichomonasvirus of the family totiviridae. four species, formally recognized by the international committee on taxonomy of viruses (ictv), have been reported and distinguished by pairwise comparisons of the sequences of genes coding for major capsid protein ( ... | 2015 | 26471924 |
| double-stranded rna viral infection in tehran trichomonas vaginalis isolates. | trichomonas vaginalis is a pathogenic protozoon and may be contaminated with dsrna virus called trichomonas vaginalis virus (tvv). the viral infection is an important factor for its pathogenesis and sensitivity to metronidazole. the presence of tvv is associated with qualitative and quantitative expression of cysteine proteinases and surface immunogenic; p270. the purpose of this study was to determine tvv frequency in t. vaginalis clinical isolates in tehran, iran. | 2013 | 23682261 |
| structure of a protozoan virus from the human genitourinary parasite trichomonas vaginalis. | the flagellated protozoan trichomonas vaginalis is an obligate human genitourinary parasite and the most frequent cause of sexually transmitted disease worldwide. most clinical isolates of t. vaginalis are persistently infected with one or more double-stranded rna (dsrna) viruses from the genus trichomonasvirus, family totiviridae, which appear to influence not only protozoan biology but also human disease. here we describe the three-dimensional structure of trichomonas vaginalis virus 1 (tvv1) ... | 2013 | 23549915 |
| species typing of cuban trichomonas vaginalis virus by rt-pcr, and association of tvv-2 with high parasite adhesion levels and high pathogenicity in patients. | the viral infection of the parasite with t. vaginalis virus (tvv) may have important implications for trichomonal virulence. in this study we identified the tvv species isolated from cuban t. vaginalis, using specie specific reverse transcriptase-pcr. of the 37 clinical isolates studied, 21 were infected with tvv, 6 contained tvv-1, 12, tvv- 2 and 3 were co-infected with tvv-1 and -2. the strains infected with tvv showing highest adhesion level in comparison to not infected strains, with high st ... | 2012 | 22653538 |
| double-stranded rna viral infection of trichomonas vaginalis (tvv1) in iranian isolates. | the totiviridae family includes a number of viruses that can infect protozoan parasites such as leishmania and giardia and fungi like saccharomyces cerevisiae. some isolates of trichomonas vaginalis are also infected with one or more double-stranded rna (dsrna) viruses. in this study, the frequency of trichomonas vaginalis virus (tvv1) was evaluated in iranian isolates of t. vaginalis in tehran, iran. one thousand five hundred vaginal samples were collected from patients attending obstetrics and ... | 2017 | 28478201 |
| differential protein expressions in virus-infected and uninfected trichomonas vaginalis. | protozoan viruses may influence the function and pathogenicity of the protozoa. trichomonas vaginalis is a parasitic protozoan that could contain a double stranded rna (dsrna) virus, t. vaginalis virus (tvv). however, there are few reports on the properties of the virus. to further determine variations in protein expression of t. vaginalis, we detected 2 strains of t. vaginalis; the virus-infected (v(+)) and uninfected (v(-)) isolates to examine differentially expressed proteins upon tvv infecti ... | 2017 | 28506033 |
| direct detection of trichomonas vaginalis virus in trichomonas vaginalis positive clinical samples from the netherlands. | trichomonas vaginalis is the most common sexually transmitted parasitical infection worldwide. t. vaginalis can carry a virus: trichomonas vaginalis virus (tvv). to date, four tvv species have been described. few studies have investigated tvv prevalence and its clinical importance. we have developed a nested reverse-transcriptase pcr, with novel, type specific primers to directly detect tvv rna in t. vaginalis positive clinical samples. a total of 119t. vaginalis positive clinical samples were c ... | 2017 | 28918075 |