| the effect of immunosuppressive therapy on the course of development of dictyocaulus viviparus in guinea-pigs. | three chemical immunosuppressive agents, viz. dexamethasone, methotrexate and cyclophosphamide, were administered to guinea-pigs two days prior to their infection with dictyocaulus viviparus infective larvae and onward. the cell mediated immunity of these guinea-pigs was subdued under the influence of these immunosuppressive agents as evidenced by macrophage migration inhibition test but this could not prevent or postpone the rejection of majority of the worm population of guinea-pigs on day 15 ... | 1979 | 160772 |
| dictyocaulus viviparus in calves: quantitation of antibody activities in sera and respiratory secretions by immuno-enzymatic analysis. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) which is in detail described here has been adapted to trace antibody production in different fluids from infected calves. seven calves were infected both with dictyocaulus viviparus, and with several intestinal nematodes. antibodies against an antigen prepared from dictyocaulus viviparus adult worms were first detected during the 5th week post-infection, both in serum and nasal secretions, and were also observed in bronchial washings of the same calve ... | 1979 | 161491 |
| [dictyocaulus viviparus in denmark. a survey of 15 years' diagnostic examination of faeces samples (author's transl)]. | on the basis of routine diagnostic examinations of 12424 bovine faeces samples for larvae of dictyocaulus viviparus, performed during the period 1963 through 1977, some calculations and reflections have been made on the incidence and epidemiology of lungworm infection in cattle in denmark. it seems justified to conclude that dictyocaulosis is an important disease in heifers and cows as well as in calves. a distinct seasonal variation in the incidence of lungworm infection is apparent, in that mo ... | 1979 | 160538 |
| operational diagnostics of lungworm infections in cattle. preliminary investigation into the usefulness of the indirect haemagglutination. | to give an impression of the usefulness of indirect haemagglutination (iha) in the diagnosis of lungworm infections in cattle under practical conditions, five calves vaccinated against dictyocaulus viviparus and five unvaccinated calves were periodically subjected to clinical, parasitological, and serological examinations over a period of seven months. all calves grazed on a lungworm-infected plot. 82% of the observations in unvaccinated calves, which were positive with respect to one or more of ... | 1979 | 158849 |
| efficacy of albendazole for treatment of naturally acquired nematode infections in washington cattle. | albendazole, methyl 5-propylthio-1h-benzimidazol-2-yl carbamate, was given as a bolus (7.68 to 8.18 mg/kg of body weight) to cattle naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes and lungworms in a controlled trial. over 99% of adult ostertagia ostertagi, trichostrongylus longispicularis, cooperia oncophora, nematodirus helvetianus, and dictyocaulus viviparus were removed by the treatment. efficacy against immature o ostertagi, early fourth-stage o ostertagi, and oesophagostomum radiatum was ... | 1979 | 157705 |
| survival of dictyocaulus viviparus infection on pasture. | | 1979 | 157589 |
| delayed development of dictyocaulus viviparus infection. | | 1979 | 157588 |
| studies on the epidemiology of bovine parasitic bronchitis. | in the west of scotland the epidemiology of parasitic bronchitis in grazing calves was studied over a two year period with the aid of tracer calves and herbage examinations for dictyocaulus viviparus larvae. the observations of both years emphasised the importance of overwintered lungworm larvae as a source of disease. in the first year it was shown that the ingestion and development of these overwintered larvae were, by themselves, directly responsible for severe morbidity, high faecal larval c ... | 1979 | 157585 |
| ostertagiosis in captive bison in new york state: report of nine cases. | type ii ostertagiosis was found at necropsy in 9 american bison (bison bison) from 3 farms in new york. clinical signs included severe diarrhea, emaciation, unthrifty coats, anemia, and weakness. in severely affected animals, the macroscopic abomasal changes consisted of irregular thickening and edema of the mucosa, resulting in a pebbly or morocco-leather appearance. microscopically, many gastric pits and glands were dilated, lined by hyperplastic epithelium, and contained nematode sections or ... | 1979 | 157257 |
| [effect of fenbendazole (panacur) against suppressed stages of dictyocaulus viviparus and ostertagia ostertagi in calves]. | | 1978 | 152108 |
| [clinical examination of the blood of roe deer (capreolus capreolus l.) and fallow deer (dama dama l.) naturally invaded by parasites]. | roe-deer (capreolus capreolus l. -- five animals) and fallow deer (dama dama l. -- eleven animals) of both sexes and at different age were subject to blood examination. the deer were killed in several preserves in bohemia during autumn and winter shootings in two years. the following blood values were determined: erythrocyte count, leucocyte count, hemoglobin content, hematocrit values, mcv, mch, mchc, white blood picture, total protein, its fractions (albumin, alpha-, beta-, and gamma-globulin) ... | 1975 | 809892 |
| controlled test of paste formulation of cambendazole against natural infections of dictyocaulus viviparus in calves. | | 1978 | 151366 |
| [adaptations of the genital system of metastrongylus elongatus in relation to the conditions of postembyonic development]. | a topography of the genital system of metastrongylus elongatus is described in comparison with the genital system of dictyocaulus viviparus. it is established that in these species of helminths the genital tubes have a similar location but in metastrongylus elongatus takes place an uterus lenthening caused by the transference of the genital orifice to the hind end of the body. its total length is 2.5 as long as the body length of the worm. this phenomenon is regarded as an adaptation providing t ... | 1976 | 958719 |
| detection of dictyocaulus viviparus in pulmonary blood vessels in calves. | | 1978 | 151235 |
| anthelmintic efficacy of albendazole against adult dictyocaulus viviparus in experimentally infected calves. | anthelmintic activity of albendazole against adult dictyocaulus viviparus was evaluated in a controlled experiment. calves were raised nematode-free to approximately 8 weeks of age and were each given 4,000 infective 3rd-stage larvae. twenty calves with patent parasitisms were allotted to 2 groups of 10 calves each. calves in group 1 were used as nonmedicated controls, and calves in group 2 were given albendazole in paste formulation at the dosage concentration of 7.5 mg/kg of body weight on the ... | 1978 | 150241 |
| efficacy of fenbendazole against adult dictyocaulus viviparus in experimentally infected calves. | fenbendazole, methyl-5(phenylthio)-2-benzimidazolecarbamate, a new broad-spectrum anthelmintic, was evaluated against the adult dictyocaulus viviparus, lungworm of cattle, in artificially infected calves. at a dosage of 5 mg/kg of body weight, fenbendazole removed 100% of the worms if given as an oral suspension, and 99.7% of the worms if given as a feed additive. | 1977 | 144453 |
| efficacy of cydectin moxidectin 1% injectable against experimental infections of dictyocaulus viviparus and bunostomum phlebotomum superimposed on natural gastrointestinal infections in calves. | twenty male holstein calves averaging 105 kg in weight and naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes and small numbers of lungworm and hookworm, were given experimental infections with the two latter species to provide adult and larval stages for anthelmintic evaluation. following random allotment, one group of 10 calves was injected subcutaneously with moxidectin at a dosage of 0.2 mg kg-1 of body weight. a second group of 10 was injected subcutaneously with unmedicated blank vehicle a ... | 1992 | 1413460 |
| experimental production of fog fever by change to pasture free from dictyocaulus viviparus infection. | | 1977 | 144350 |
| overwinter survival of dictyocaulus viviparus. | | 1977 | 144348 |
| levamisole: anthelmintic activity in calves following dermal application. | a series of seven experiments designed to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of levamisole (1-tetramisole) by dermal application is described. this work involved use of 181 artificially infested calves. the drug was formulated at a concentration of 10% m/v levamisole base in a solvent system promoting dermal absorption and was applied to both sides of the spine in the lumber region at a dose rate of 10 mg levamisole base per kg livemass. a consistent performance was achieved in these investigati ... | 1977 | 144190 |
| further controlled evaluations of fenbendazole as a bovine anthelmintic. | the efficacy of fenbendazole (methyl-5-(phenythio)-2-benzimidazole-carbamate) in cattle parasitized by the lungworm dictyocaulus viviparus and in other cattle parasitized by haemonchus, ostertagia, trichostrongylus, cooperia, and oesophagostomum was investigated in 3 controlled critical experiments. a single treatment with 5.0 mg/kg of body weight administered in the feed or in a 10% suspension exceeded 99% efficacy against these helminths. dosages of 1, 0.5, 0.35, and 0.25 mg/kg of body weight ... | 1977 | 141897 |
| dictyocaulus viviparus infestation in reindeer in northern norway. a contribution to its epidemiology. | | 1977 | 139821 |
| survey of helminth infections in maine dairy cattle. | the survey was done to determine the incidence and seasonal prevalence of the gastrointestinal helminths infecting maine dairy cattle. approximately equal groups of calves, heifers, and cows from 13 dairy farms, managerially and geographically representative of dairying in the state, were sampled at regular 2-month intervals over the period of a year. on the basis of fecal egg counts and identification of cultured larvae, the following results were obtained: of the 94 adult cows, 78 heifers, and ... | 1975 | 127538 |
| [experimental investigations on the effectiveness of fenbendazole in parasitic helminths of the stomach, intestines and lung of cattle (author's transl)]. | helminth-free bulls were injected artificially with ostertagia ostertagi (120 000 l3), cooperia oncophora (240000 l3), haemonchus spec. (1 000 l3) and/or dictyocaulus viviparus (60 l3/kg) orally or intraruminally. the animals were treated with fenbendazole during the prepatent period or after having reached maturity. the effect of 5 mg fenbendazole/kg p.o. on 3-d, 10-d- and adult stages of ostertagia ostertagi, haemonchus spec. and cooperia oncophora ranges between less than 94% and 100%. partic ... | 1975 | 125016 |
| infection patterns of dictyocaulus viviparus in calves. | | 1975 | 124203 |
| helminth parasitisms among intermingling insular populations of white-tailed deer, feral cattle, and feral swine. | helminth infections among free-ranging, intermingling populations of white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), cattle (bos taurus), and swine (sus scrofa) on an island off the georgia coast were studied. of 39 species of helminths collected, 19 were found in deer, 17 in cattle, and 13 in swine. of 28 species of helminths recovered from ruminants, 8, viz, capillaria bovis, cooperia punctata, dictyocaulus viviparus, gongylonema pulchrum, g verrucosum, haemonchus contortus, moniezia benedeni, and ... | 1975 | 123523 |
| in vitro migration of dictyocaulus viviparus larvae: migration of the infective stage inagar gel. | | 1975 | 123228 |
| distribution and seasonal prevalence of bovine lungworms in selected areas in western montana. | in a survey (oct, 1967, through aug, 1969) of the distribution and seasonal prevalence of bovine lungworms in beef herds in 3 western montana counties (park, gallatin, and ravalli), infected cattle were detected in 27 of 35 herds. results of 2,125 fecal examinations indicated that 7.8% of all cattle were infected with dictyocaulus viviparus. lungworms were found in 6.6% of 1,038 calves (less than 12 months old), 11.5% of 755 yearlings (1 to 2 years old), and 3.3% of 332 cows (more than 2 years o ... | 1975 | 123141 |
| prevalence of dictyocaulus viviparus infection in rocky mountain elk in teton county, wyoming. | dictyocaulus viviparus infections in rocky mountain elk (cervus canadensis of teton countywere surveyed by fecal analyses during spring, summer and winter and by fecal analyses and necropsies during fall hunting seasons, 1968-1973. prevalance of the lungworms was relatively high: 32-70% during the spring; slightly lower, 30-47%, during the summer; 21-39% in the fall; and declined to the annual low of 8-19% during the winter. conversely, elk summering on big game ridge showed an increase in prev ... | 1975 | 123012 |
| effects of anthelmintics on the pathology of dictyocaulus viviparus infection in cattle. | | 1979 | 162220 |
| [effectiveness of fenbendazole (panacur) in cattle invaded by gastrointestinal and pulmonary nematodes]. | the effectiveness of the new anthelmintic fenbendazole (panacur) produced by hoechst, w. germany, was tested in cattle naturally invaded by gastro-intestinal and pulmonary nematodes. the single dose of 5.7 mg per kg or 7.5 mg per kg body weight administered either in the form of a 10% suspension or in pellets containing 1.5% of the active substance gave 100% intenseffectiveness and 100% extenseffectiveness in the control of dictyocaulus viviparus, haemonchus contortus, trichostrongylus spp., ost ... | 1977 | 408961 |
| avermectins, new family of potent anthelmintic agents: efficacy of the b1a component. | when given to sheep as a single oral dose at 0.1 mg/kg, the b(1a) component of the avermectins caused a reduction of >95% in the numbers of haemonchus contortus, ostertagia circumcincta (including inhibited l(4) larvae), trichostrongylus axei, trichostrongylus colubriformis, cooperia oncophora, and oesophagostomum columbianum. when given to cattle as a single oral dose at 0.1 mg/kg, avermectin b(1a) was >95% effective in reducing the numbers of haemonchus placei, ostertagia ostertagi (including ... | 1979 | 464563 |
| the effect of dermally applied levamisole against the parasitic nematodes of cattle. | a series of trials to establish the anthelmintic efficiency of levamisole, when applied dermally to calves, is described. the levamisole base was formulated in a suitable solvent system at 100 g/l and applied dermally at a dose rate of 8 mg base/kg. this gave efficiencies of 97.1-100%, 88.5-100%, 100%, 98.7-100% and 89.2-100% against adult haemonchus placei, ostertagia spp, cooperia spp, oesophagostomum radiatum and trichostrongylus axei, respectively. activity against the immature stages of h. ... | 1977 | 588176 |
| persistence of dictyocaulus viviparus larvae on pasture. | | 1977 | 595283 |
| studies on nematode infections of beef cattle in new south wales. | the occurrence and seasonal trends of nematode parasite infections in beef cattle on the tablelands and north coast regions of new south wales are described, based on worm counts from 627 spring-born steers slaughtered at 2-monthly intervals from 6 to 24 months of age. the predominant parasites were ostertagia ostertagi, trichostrongylus axei and cooperia spp. large burdens of adult ostertagia were seen in 12-month-old animals in late winter and early spring, and later in 18- to 20-month-old cat ... | 1977 | 614021 |
| [natural development of gastrointestinal helminthiasis in calves born during the dry season in guaira, state of são paulo, brazil]. | proceeding with their observations on bovine nematode epidemiology in guaíra, state of são paulo, the authors carried a study on the natural development of nematode infections in crossbred calves born at the dry season. the fecal nematode egg counts per gram (e.p.g.) performed every fortnight were positive at the start, in october, when calves were two months old, and reached the peak when they were five months old; cultures of faeces revealed larvae of cooperia, haemoncus, oesophagostomum and t ... | 1978 | 754678 |
| dictyocaulus viviparus: the role of pepsin in the exsheathment of infective larvae. | | 1976 | 780120 |
| [clinical examination of the blood of red deer (cervus elaphus l.) naturally infested with parasites]. | in six animals hunted and four immobilized animals of red deer (cervus elaphus l.) of both sexes and of different age, kept at three game preserves in bohemia, the psychological values were ascertained: the number of erythrocytes and leucocytes, the hemoglobin content, the hematocrit, mcv, mch, mchc, the white blood count, the total serum protein, the fractions: albumin, alpha-, beta- and gamma-globulin, the activity of sgot, and sgpt, the alkaline phosphatase and the metabolism of calcium, phos ... | 1976 | 820034 |
| survey of hepatic and pulmonary helminths of wild cervids in alberta, canada. | during the 1988 hunting season, livers and lungs from 263 mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus), 198 moose (alces alces), 147 white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), and 94 wapiti (cervus elaphus nelsoni) from alberta (canada) were collected for parasitological examination. most of the samples (89%) were submitted by big game hunters throughout the province. giant liver fluke (fascioloides magna) was found in 9% of 22 yearling and 29% of 65 adult wapiti; 4% of 161 adult moose; and 2% of 9 ... | 1990 | 2250321 |
| the efficacy of moxidectin against dictyocaulus viviparus in cattle. | the efficacy of an injectable and a pour-on formulation of moxidectin against dictyocaulus viviparus in cattle was examined. the results show that both formulations have an efficacy of 100% against adult worms and developing and inhibited larval stages of d. viviparus. | 1992 | 1386952 |
| use of a recombinant dictyocaulus viviparus antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for immunodiagnosis of bovine dictyocaulosis. | a specific recombinant antigen was evaluated for its immunodiagnostic potential in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the antigen was used as a glutathione s-transferase (gst) fusion protein (dvgst3-14) or as a pure recombinant parasite protein (dv3-14). a total of 55 sera from cattle experimentally infected with dictyocaulus viviparus, 24 sera from naturally infected cattle and 25 sera from helminth-free cattle were examined. elisa results obtained for the sera from experimental infe ... | 1992 | 1409529 |
| anthelmintic activity of paraherquamide in calves. | paraherquamide, an oxindole alkaloid metabolite of penicillium paraherquei and penicillium charlesii, was tested against the adult stages of nine common gastrointestinal and lung nematodes of calves at single, oral dosages of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 or 4.0 mg kg-1. at dosages 1.0-4.0 mg kg-1 there was 95% or more removal of haemonchus placei, ostertagia ostertagi, trichostrongylus axei, trichostrongylus colubriformis, cooperia oncophora, nematodirus helvetianus, oesophagostomum radiatum, and dictyocaulus ... | 1992 | 1413457 |
| isoenzyme analysis of haemonchus contortus resistant or susceptible to ivermectin. | three different strains of haemonchus contortus (susceptible to ivermectin, s-ivm; selected for resistance to ivermectin, r-ivm; a multiple resistant strain, i.e. resistant to benzimidazole and ivermectin, r-ivm/sa) were examined for isoenzyme variation by starch gel electrophoresis. using stains for seven enzymes separated in five different buffer systems, no differences in the electrophoretic mobility could be detected between any of the strains. results demonstrate a low level of enzyme varia ... | 1992 | 1441194 |
| the secreted and somatic proteinases of the bovine lungworm dictyocaulus viviparus and their inhibition by antibody from infected and vaccinated animals. | proteinase activities were examined in extracts and excretory-secretory (es) products of the infective and adult stages of the cattle lungworm, dictyocaulus viviparus. multiple enzyme activities were identified from each source, as defined by ph optima, substrate specificities, inhibitor effects and substrate gel electrophoresis. serine-, cysteine- and metalloproteinases were identified, secreted materials being more active against protein substrates per unit protein than were extracts, and the ... | 1992 | 1454428 |
| dictyocaulus viviparus: isolation and characterization of a recombinant antigen with potential for immunodiagnosis. | crude adult worm antigen of dictyocaulus viviparus was examined for specific antigens by sds-page and immunoblotting using sera from cattle experimentally infected with d. viviparus, vaccinated with a normal or a reduced dosage of the commercial lungworm vaccine, and helminth-free cattle. a d. viviparus-specific region m(r) 18,000 was identified and isolated. a lambda zap ii cdna expression library consisting of 4.4 x 10(5) recombinant clones (88% of the total number of clones) was constructed f ... | 1992 | 1459787 |
| antibody responses to natural dictyocaulus viviparus exposure in first year grazing cattle using vaccination or different kinds of anthelmintic treatment. | in two field trials vaccination or different anthelmintic treatments against dictyocaulus viviparus infections were used in 6 groups of first year grazing cattle. the antibody response to lungworm infections was determined using an elisa. cattle treated once or repeatedly at long intervals with levamisole developed clinical signs of dictyocaulosis. the detection of anti-d. viviparus antibodies at the end of the grazing season confirmed that these anthelmintic treatments were not able to prevent ... | 1992 | 1462721 |
| efficacy of moxidectin against naturally acquired nematode infections in cattle. | the efficacy of moxidectin, a new endectocide against natural nematode infections, was evaluated. twenty-five calves were divided into two groups of eight calves each and a third group of nine calves. moxidectin was administered s.c. to two groups (i, 0.2 mg kg-1 body weight (bw); ii, 0.3 mg kg-1 bw) and the third group (iii) received the vehicle (placebo) s.c. two pre-treatment and one post-treatment faecal nematode egg count determinations were made from all calves, and they were necropsied 2 ... | 1992 | 1502785 |
| dictyocaulus viviparus in calves: effect of rotational grazing on the development of infections. | a study was made of the possibility of reducing lungworm infections in young grazing calves by rotational grazing for weekly periods on six paddocks. for this purpose three groups of four calves each were grazed on separate pastures in 1989, whereas a fourth group served as a permanently housed control group. two groups of calves were infected experimentally with six doses of 10 larvae of dictyocaulus viviparus during the first 3 weeks on pasture. in the third group, low natural infections with ... | 1992 | 1532873 |
| increased establishment of lungworms (dictyocaulus viviparus) in calves after previous infections with gastrointestinal nematodes (ostertagia ostertagi and cooperia oncophora). | the influence of a priming infection with gastrointestinal nematodes on the subsequent establishment of lungworms was studied. repeated inoculations of calves with ostertagia ostertagi and cooperia oncophora during 3, 5 or 7 weeks resulted in an establishment of lungworms that was 191% of the establishment found in naïve controls. the higher take was associated with a higher faecal output of lungworm larvae and with lower weight gains of calves. the effect was not significantly influenced by the ... | 1989 | 2529698 |
| efficacy of abamectin against natural infections of gastrointestinal nematodes and lungworm of cattle with special emphasis on inhibited, early fourth stage larvae of ostertagia ostertagi. | the anthelmintic efficacy of abamectin (avermectin b1) was evaluated against gastrointestinal nematodes, including ostertagia ostertagi inhibited larvae and lungworm, in yearling crossbred beef heifers during late spring. the calves were grazed on contaminated pasture for 10 weeks and then held under conditions free of nematode infection for 3 weeks prior to allotment and treatment on 5 june. thirteen calves were randomly assigned to two groups of six by restricted randomization on body weights; ... | 1992 | 1532875 |
| the antibody repertoire in infection and vaccination with dictyocaulus viviparus: heterogeneity in infected cattle and genetic control in guinea pigs. | the antigen recognition profiles of serum antibody from calves infected or vaccinated with irradiated dictyocaulus viviparus larvae were analysed by immunoprecipitation of radio-iodinated in vitro-released excretory-secretory materials from live adult parasites. immunoprecipitates were analysed by sds-page and considerable heterogeneity in antigen recognition between individual animals was observed, regardless of infection regimen. this heterogeneity was also found to occur amongst outbred guine ... | 1992 | 1534189 |
| efficacy of levamisole pour-on compared with levamisole subcutaneous injection against dictyocaulus viviparus infection in calves. | the efficacy of levamisole pour-on against dictyocaulus viviparus was compared to that of subcutaneous levamisole injection. eighteen calves were raised individually and artifically infected with d. viviparus larvae. faecal samples were collected 27 and 28 days later and larvae per gram (l.p.g.) determined. the animals were then divided into three comparable groups. group 1 animals remained untreated as controls. group 2 animals received levamisole 10% w/v subcutaneous injection at a dose of 5 m ... | 1991 | 1827221 |
| comparison of the efficacy of dermal formulations of ivermectin and levamisole for the treatment and prevention of dictyocaulus viviparus infection in cattle. | four groups of six parasite-naive calves were infected at seven day intervals with three doses of infective larvae of dictyocaulus viviparus. twenty-one days after the first dose three of the groups were treated either with an injectable formulation of ivermectin at a dose rate of 200 micrograms/kg bodyweight, or with pour-on preparations of levamisole at 10 mg/kg or ivermectin at 500 micrograms/kg. on day 28 two calves from each group were slaughtered and their burdens of lungworms counted. on ... | 1990 | 2139991 |
| immunity of calves treated with an oxfendazole pulse release bolus to challenge with dictyocaulus viviparus. | two experiments were performed to study the effect of an oxfendazole pulse release intraruminal device (oprb) on the development of lungworm infection and immunity in calves. infections were monitored in oprb-treated and control calves by faecal and pastural larval counts. levels of immunity of grazing groups and helminth-free housed groups were compared by challenge infection. even though signs of parasitic bronchitis were seen only in control animals, sufficient immunity had developed in oprb- ... | 1990 | 2141696 |
| distribution of pasteurella haemolytica in the respiratory tracts of carrier calves and those subsequently infected experimentally with dictyocaulus viviparus. | distribution of pasteurella haemolytica in the respiratory tracts of calves with no apparent clinical signs of illness and those infected experimentally with dictyocaulus viviparus was determined so as to define carrier sites for this organism. the calves had been positive by nasopharyngeal swab for either p haemolytica a2 or a1 for at least two months or for over a month, respectively, before slaughter. p haemolytica a1 was acquired following horizontal spread from other infected calves. it was ... | 1990 | 2141697 |
| comparison of a levamisole sustained-release bolus and ivermectin treatment to prevent bovine lungworm infection. | the efficacy of a levamisole sustained-release bolus to prevent parasitic bronchitis in calves in their first grazing season was compared to ivermectin treatment at three, eight and thirteen weeks after turn out. contamination of the pasture was established by experimentally infected seeder calves. twenty calves were split into two groups. ten calves of one group received a bolus at the start of the experiment. in the other group the calves were treated with ivermectin at 21, 56 and 91 days. two ... | 1990 | 2141960 |
| persistent activity of a single late-season treatment with ivermectin against gastrointestinal trichostrongyles and lungworm in young calves. | the present study was designed to assess the persistent efficacy of ivermectin against gastrointestinal trichostrongyles and lungworm (dictyocaulus viviparus) when given late in the season to young calves naturally exposed to infection on permanent pasture. the results suggest that ivermectin prevents the re-establishment of ostertagia spp. for 2 to 3 weeks, but cooperia spp. for only 1 to 2 weeks. re-establishment of lungworm is prevented for a period of at least 3 weeks. the results are discus ... | 1990 | 2148049 |
| recovery of different stages of dictyocaulus viviparus from cattle lungs by a combination of a perfusion and a baermann technique. | the lungs of 71 calves used in two grazing studies were examined for lungworms with a perfusion method combined with a modified baermann method. the numbers of worms recovered from the lungs were 11,630 in total, 7495 adults, 872 juvenile fifth stage larvae (l5) and 3263 inhibited l5. the percentages found after perfusion were 78.9 per cent in total, 91.8 per cent adults, 78.6 per cent juvenile l5 and 49.6 per cent inhibited l5. the perfusion method seemed adequate and rapid for recovering the a ... | 1990 | 2148431 |
| angiotensin-converting-enzyme activity in serum from calves infected continuously or with a single dose of dictyocaulus viviparus infective larvae. | the activity of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ace) in calves was monitored during two different regimens of lungworm infection. these different regimens were clearly reflected in the course of the respiratory rate, faecal larval output and liveweight gains, but not in the course of the ace activity. it is concluded that ace activity is significantly (p less than 0.05) decreased in calves experimentally infected with lungworms, but that it does not give additional information about the cours ... | 1990 | 2176419 |
| bile agar migration test: a novel method for testing the viability of dictyocaulus viviparus larvae in lungworm vaccine. | a bile agar migration (bam) test was used to determine the viability of dictyocaulus viviparus larvae in lungworm vaccines. percentage migration values for 10 batches of vaccine varied from 8.8 to 33.2 per cent compared with 99 per cent of unirradiated larvae tested under similar conditions. on the other hand a conventional viability count (cvc), based on subjective assessment of larval shape, gave figures of 95.1 to 98.7 per cent for the 10 vaccine batches. the bam test may therefore have poten ... | 1990 | 2236921 |
| [dominant characteristics of helminth parasitism in cattle in ituri (haut-zaire). i. the helminth fauna]. | the identification of cattle helminths in ituri was carried out by post mortem examinations in slaughterhouses and tracer calves. the thirty diagnosed species were typical of wet tropical areas of africa. the presence of dictyocaulus viviparus, ostertagia ostertagi and haemonchus similis and the absence of echinococcus granulosus constituted the original features of this inventory. | 1990 | 2263748 |
| milk yield increase after anthelmintic treatment of dairy cattle related to some parameters estimating helminth infection. | on 81 farms blood samples were taken from adult dairy cattle, on pasture in october 1986 and after stabling in december 1986, to measure antibody titres against the nematodes dictyocaulus viviparus, cooperia spp. and ostertagia spp., and the trematode fasciola hepatica, and serum pepsinogen values. faecal samples, collected in october, were examined to confirm the presence of parasites by means of egg counts and larval identifications. from december until the end of the stabling period, dry cows ... | 1990 | 2343521 |
| effect of naturally occurring nematode infections on growth performance of first-season grazing calves. | liveweight of calves on 89 dairy farms was measured at the end of the grazing season and related per herd to the level of exposure to nematode infection during the grazing season. there were significant between-herd variations in antibody titres against ostertagia spp., cooperia spp. and dictyocaulus viviparus as well as in pepsinogen values. all but six herds (93.1%) had gastrointestinal nematode infections, as measured by faecal egg counts in september. faecal samples of 17 herds (19.3%) conta ... | 1990 | 2353424 |
| effect of naturally occurring nematode infections in the first and second grazing season on the growth performance of second-year cattle. | antibody titres against ostertagia spp., cooperia spp. and dictyocaulus viviparus as well as pepsinogen values, reflecting exposure to nematode infection, differed significantly among herds of second-year cattle on 87 farms. faecal examinations revealed that gastrointestinal nematode infections were present in all herds. similar results were found in yearling-herds on the same farms a year earlier. liveweight of yearlings per herd deviated from -64.7 kg to +94.4 kg from an age-adjusted populatio ... | 1990 | 2382390 |
| efficacy of a homoeopathic prophylaxis against experimental infection of calves by the bovine lungworm dictyocaulus viviparus. | two groups of parasite-free calves, one of which had been treated with four doses of a homoeopathic oral vaccine for parasitic bronchitis due to dictyocaulus viviparus and the other with a placebo, were infected at the rate of 25 infective larvae/kg bodyweight 18 days after the final dose. both groups became severely affected by parasitic bronchitis, with clinical signs starting 13 days after infection. there were no discernible differences between the treated and control groups in their manifes ... | 1989 | 2521753 |
| the effects of dictyocaulus viviparus infection on energy metabolism of calves. | to determine the effects of lungworm infection on energy metabolism and rate of weight gain, five 3-mo-old male friesian calves were infected orally twice each week with 640, third-stage larvae of dictyocaulus viviparus (d.v.) over an 8-wk period. infected calves were matched with uninfected controls on the basis of similar rates of feed consumption and weight gain during the acclimation period before infection. infected calves were fed 2 kg of concentrates daily (88% dm), about 8.5 mcal/d. cont ... | 1989 | 2522429 |
| baermannization of dictyocaulus spp. from faeces of cattle, sheep and donkeys. | faeces were collected per rectum from calves infected with dictyocaulus viviparus (d.v.), from lambs infected with dictyocaulus filaria (d.f.) and donkeys infected with dictyocaulus arnfieldi (d.a.). in one experiment, the influence of storage temperature before baermannization was investigated. recovery rate for d.v. was approximately 80% after 24 h at 4 degrees c or 16 degrees c but only 40% at 20 degrees c. after two days at 20 degrees c the rate had fallen to 20%. recovery rates for d.f. dec ... | 1989 | 2523174 |
| isolation of pilobolus spp. from the northern elk herd in yellowstone national park. | pilobolus spp. were recovered from all fecal samples collected from an elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) herd in yellowstone national park (usa) with a high prevalence of dictyocaulus viviparus infection. pilobolus spp. have been shown to be important in the epizootiology of d. viviparus infections in cattle because these fungi aid in dissemination of larvae away from feces to areas where animals are more likely to ingest them, and protect larvae against dehydration and thus prolong survival. the sam ... | 1989 | 2523978 |
| epidemiology of dictyocaulus viviparus in louisiana (u.s.a.). | an epidemiological investigation was conducted during a 1-year period on a permanent pasture naturally contaminated with dictyocaulus viviparus and grazed by a varying number of yearling cattle. seasonal variation in pasture infectivity to cattle was monitored by monthly slaughter of tracer calves, slaughter of pairs of resident yearlings at 30-60-day intervals, herbage larval recovery and by counts of first stage larvae in feces (modified baermann technique) of resident cattle. a clinical outbr ... | 1989 | 2524929 |
| isolation and partial characterisation of a potentially pathogenic cysteine proteinase from adult dictyocaulus viviparus. | dictyocaulus viviparus adult worms feed on pulmonary tissues and cause significant pathology in the bovine host. in this report, acidic extracts of these organisms were examined for cysteine proteinase activity. a soluble thiol-dependent proteinase with native molecular weight of approximately 25 kda was isolated and partially purified. this enzyme had maximal activity at acidic ph and showed inhibitor susceptibilities similar to the vertebrate acidic cysteine proteinases. when stored at 4 degre ... | 1989 | 2531491 |
| chemoprophylaxis and immunity to parasitic bronchitis in cattle--a field experiment comparing topical ivermectin and an oxfendazole intraruminal device. | seeder calves infected with dictyocaulus viviparus were used to contaminate a field divided into three similar paddocks. twenty-four autumn-born calves were allocated to three matched groups; one group was given topical ivermectin treatments (0.5 mg/kg) at 3, 8 and 13 weeks after turnout (day 0); each member of a second group was given an oxfendazole pulse-release intraruminal device (oprb) at turnout; while a third group was kept as untreated controls to monitor the natural epidemiological patt ... | 1989 | 2533273 |
| morphological investigations on the pathology of dictyocaulus viviparus infections in cattle. | morphological investigations of lungs obtained from cattle that had been experimentally infected with dictyocaulus viviparus were carried out using a new fixation technique that excludes post-mortem changes in the samples. light and electron microscopical investigation showed a substantial loss of ciliated epithelial cells in the bronchi, severely affecting the mucociliary clearance. bronchiolitis, peribronchiolitis and cell-rich mucus caused bronchial atelectasis and consolidation of the relate ... | 1991 | 1828598 |
| identification and isolation of a specific antigen with diagnostic potential from dictyocaulus viviparus. | the purpose of the investigation was to isolate and identify a specific antigen of dictyocaulus viviparus that can be used to diagnose lungworm infections in cattle. somatic, excretion and secretion antigens of adult d. viviparus and somatic antigens of l3 larvae were examined in an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to determine whether they cross-reacted with sera collected from calves with mono-infections of fasciola hepatica. ostertagia ostertagi, ascaris suum, or cooperia on ... | 1991 | 1832795 |
| direct measurement of dispersal of dictyocaulus viviparus in sporangia of pilobolus species. | dispersal of dictyocaulus viviparus larvae by pilobolus sporangia was studied on 29 faecal pats deposited between the end of june and late october 1988. faecal pats were covered daily from day 3 to 4 after deposition with a large petri dish to measure the numbers of sporangia released and the numbers of larvae carried. the yield of both was variable. dispersal of lungworm larvae was lowest on over-grazed pasture or when pilobolus growth was very poor. when faecal pats were sheltered by a long sw ... | 1991 | 2047589 |
| a comparison of interactions between vaccination against dictyocaulus viviparus and anthelmintic suppression in immunised and unimmunised yearling cattle. | twenty parasite-naive calves aged approximately four months were divided randomly into four groups of five. two groups were treated with oral lungworm vaccine. one immunised group plus another non-immunised group were put out to graze on may 1 on a pasture known to be contaminated with dictyocaulus viviparus infective larvae during the previous autumn. all the calves both indoor and outdoor were treated with ivermectin at three, eight and 13 weeks after the first groups started to graze and agai ... | 1990 | 2138371 |
| [is coccidiosis in mature cattle an exception?]. | an outbreak of coccidiosis in a group of forty jersey cattle is reported. this group formed part of a population of 200 dairy cattle. severe infection by dictyocaulus viviparus occurred prior to this outbreak of coccidiosis. the two clinical pictures were confined to the group of jerseys, which animals had been imported from denmark during the previous autumn and winter (1983-1984). | 1985 | 2930912 |
| dispersal of dictyocaulus viviparus larvae from bovine faeces in ireland. | an involvement of pilobolus species fungus in the dispersal of dictyocaulus viviparus third stage larvae from dung to surrounding herbage under irish conditions was investigated. the presence of pilobolus kleinii on artificial dung pats containing first stage larvae of d viviparus was associated with a 19-fold increase (p less than 0.05) in numbers of third stage larvae recovered from the surrounding herbage. a subjective examination of natural dung pats showed that the presence of pilobolus spe ... | 1985 | 2930934 |
| comparison of early season suppressive anthelmintic prophylactic methods for parasitic gastroenteritis and bronchitis in calves. | a comparison was made of the material costs and effectiveness of three methods of early season suppression by anthelmintic medication of ostertagia species and two of dictyocaulus viviparus in calves, each method suppressing faecal egg output for different lengths of time from the start of spring grazing. the anthelmintics used were: morantel bolus administered five days before going to grazing; oxfendazole given three times at three, six and nine weeks after the start of grazing and ivermectin ... | 1985 | 2934889 |
| field experience with the bovine lungworm vaccine. | field experience of a bovine lungworm vaccine, acquired over the past 25 years, is discussed with regard to the use of other putative parasitic vaccines. it was concluded that the parameters were generally similar to those for non-parasitic vaccines although the fact that the lungworm vaccine does not confer a parasitologically sterile immunity to challenge requires special consideration. | 1985 | 2938996 |
| serodiagnosis of lungworm infection in calves using elisa. | soluble antigens were prepared from adult dictyocaulus viviparus worms and from parasitic larval stages. circulating antibody titres against these antigens were determined during experimental and field challenge studies. stage-specific responses were found in vaccinated and non-vaccinated calves after challenge infection. titre-values are probably correlated with the number of larvae reaching the lungs and the number of larvae developing into later larval resp. adult stages. the elisa-technique ... | 1985 | 2938997 |
| efficacy of ivermectin and levamisole against immature dictyocaulus viviparus in cattle. | eighteen calves aged approximately three months were each infected with dictyocaulus viviparus larvae at a rate of 30/kg bodyweight. seven days later they were randomly allocated to three groups of six animals. calves of group 1 were controls. calves of group 2 were given levamisole at a dose rate of 10 mg/kg and calves of group 3 were given ivermectin at a dose rate of 200 micrograms/kg. the anthelmintic activity of these two drugs was compared using clinical, functional, parasitological and pa ... | 1986 | 2941913 |
| the residual effect of treatment with ivermectin after experimental reinfection with nematodes in calves. | the residual effect of treatment with ivermectin after experimental reinfection in calves was tested. twenty-four calves were divided into 6 groups of 4 calves each. all calves received a primary infection of 50,000 larvae of both ostertagia ostertagi and cooperia oncophora and 1000 dictyocaulus viviparus larvae. calves of group 1 remained untreated, and all other calves were treated 21 days after primary infection (0.2 mg/kg injected subcutaneously). calves of groups 1 and 2 were slaughtered 7 ... | 1986 | 2941914 |
| cryopreservation of parasites. | in this review, advances in cryopreservation of helminth parasites are reported. our own studies demonstrate that metacestodes of echinococcus multilocularis can be maintained in a viable state for at least 1-2 years by appropriate deep-freezing and storage in liquid nitrogen. infective larvae of the nematode toxocara canis cryopreserved for 1 week in liquid nitrogen were maintained after thawing in vitro in a chemically defined medium for 35 weeks. although motility of previously deep-frozen la ... | 1988 | 3053232 |
| naturally occurring parasitic bronchitis in red deer: effect of vaccination using live bovine lungworm vaccine. | fifteen red deer calves were put to pasture in two groups, at the same set stocking rates, one group of 10 and one of five, in separate but adjoining enclosures likely to be carrying infective stage larvae of dictyocaulus naturally parasitising the red deer of scotland. the group of 10 had been vaccinated with a live, bovine lungworm oral vaccine; the group of five had not. results did not indicate any advantage to the vaccinated deer in weight gain or general health but they excreted fewer dict ... | 1986 | 2943074 |
| comparison of vaccination and ivermectin treatment in the prevention of bovine lungworm. | three groups of calves were put out to graze on separate paddocks within a field known to be infected with dictyocaulus viviparus and were also given a small initial trickle infection of the parasite. the first group were untreated controls, the second were immunised with live irradiated lungworm vaccine and the third were injected three times with ivermectin; the injections taking place after they had grazed for three, eight and 13 weeks. the subsequent infections of d viviparus were estimated ... | 1986 | 2947379 |
| sero-epidemiological survey of dictyocaulus viviparus infections in first-season grazing calves in the netherlands. | a sero-epidemiological survey of dictyocaulus viviparus infections in calves was carried out using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. infection level with d viviparus was correlated with farm, herd and management characteristics. at least 75 per cent of the herds were infected with d viviparus. calves on zero-grazing farms were infected at a lower level than calves grazing pasture. no regional differences in infection rate were observed. on 15 per cent of the farms calves had clinical husk wh ... | 1986 | 2947380 |
| cryopreservation of dictyocaulus viviparus third-stage larvae and trichinella spiralis muscle larvae. | in cryopreservation studies with third-stage larvae of dictyocaulus viviparus, best results were achieved by incubating larvae in 0.05% naocl at 37 degrees c to remove the sheath, followed by cooling at a rate of 1 degree c min per min down to about 0 degree c. after an equilibration time of 10 min at +4 degrees c with or without 4% polyethylene glycol-400 as cryoprotectant, samples were frozen at the same cooling rate to an intermediate temperature of -20 degrees c, maintained at this temperatu ... | 1987 | 2956605 |
| relationship between cytologic changes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and weight gain in calves with gastrointestinal nematodes and lungworms. | two of three groups of 10 calves each were infected with either 100,000 infective larvae (l3) of ostertagia spp. and 100,000 l3 of cooperia spp. or with 4000 l3 of dictyocaulus viviparus, respectively, at the age of 14 weeks. the third group was not infected. after treatment with an anthelminthic five calves from each group were challenged with either 100,000 l3 of ostertagia spp. and 100,000 l3 of cooperia spp. or 4000 l3 of dictyocaulus at the age of 20 weeks. the calves were 25 weeks old when ... | 1987 | 2956756 |
| control of parasitic bronchitis and gastroenteritis in grazing cattle by strategic prophylaxis with ivermectin. | in may 1985 four groups of 10 calves, aged between four and five months, were turned out on to separate, permanent pastures of equal area which had been seeded during the previous few days with larvae of dictyocaulus viviparus. one group acted as a control, the second was vaccinated with lungworm vaccine before turnout and treated with thiabendazole three, eight and 13 weeks after turnout, while the third and fourth groups were given ivermectin three times (three, eight and 13 weeks after turnou ... | 1987 | 2957846 |
| treatment of inhibited dictyocaulus viviparus in cattle with ivermectin. | fifteen calves, each infected with approximately 3000 third stage larvae, were used to compare the tendencies of two strains of dictyocaulus viviparus to inhibit at the fifth larval stage and to evaluate the efficacy of ivermectin. there were notable differences between the strains. while greater than 99% of worms developing from infection with an alpine strain remained inhibited 42 days after infection, only 0-26% of those recovered following infection with a u.k. laboratory strain were arreste ... | 1987 | 2957847 |
| oxfendazole pulse release intraruminal devices and bovine parasitic bronchitis: comparison of two control strategies in a field experiment. | lungworm-infected seeder calves were used on two 1.41 ha paddocks to ensure that groups of 11 susceptible trial calves would be exposed to heavy early season challenge with dictyocaulus viviparus. this produced conditions for an artificially severe test of two control strategies. the first employed a front-loaded oxfendazole pulse release bolus, ie, an intraruminal device which released one therapeutic anthelmintic dose immediately and five subsequent pulses at approximately three-weekly interva ... | 1987 | 2960069 |
| effect of infection with lungworms (dictyocaulus viviparus) on energy and nitrogen metabolism in growing calves. | 1. ten friesian male calves of about 100 kg and 3 months old were reared similarly and were worm-free. from 13 weeks of age five calves received a dose of 640 infective larvae (l3) of lungworms (dictyocaulus viviparus) twice weekly for 8 weeks to simulate continuous infection. animals not infected were fed to the same level as the infected animals (about 1.2-1.3 kg concentrates and 1.4-1.5 kg good-quality hay/d). 2. heat production was measured twice weekly during 48 h (days 2 and 3, and days 5 ... | 1986 | 2960373 |
| interactions between chemoprophylaxis and immunity to bovine parasitic gastroenteritis and bronchitis: pilot studies using an oxfendazole pulse release bolus. | in separate experiments, the immune status of six matched pairs of yearling heifers from a field trial in which both parasitic gastroenteritis and husk had occurred in control animals, was tested with a single massive challenge of either dictyocaulus viviparus or ostertagia ostertagi. the clinical responses of untreated controls and animals that had carried an oxfendazole pulse release intraruminal device (oprb) were in all cases similar (with the exception of one lung-worm-challenged control th ... | 1987 | 2961034 |
| interactions between lungworms and gastrointestinal worms in calves. | interactions between gastrointestinal worms (ostertagia ostertagi, cooperia oncophora) and lungworms (dictyocaulus viviparus) in calves were studied by assessing the effect of primary infections with either group of worms on the development of homologous or heterologous challenge infections. primary infections with lungworms resulted in some degree of resistance to challenge with gastrointestinal worms, but this resistance was lower than that found after homologous infection. primary infections ... | 1988 | 2964752 |
| comparison by experimental infections in cattle of a dictyocaulus species occurring naturally in red deer and a dictyocaulus of bovine origin. | dictyocaulus species larvae were obtained from young red deer which had become infected on pastures considered to be carrying the dictyocaulus species indigenous to the red deer of scotland. these larvae were cultured to third stage and transmitted to five bovine calves. five other bovine calves were infected with third stage dictyocaulus viviparus larvae of bovine origin. microscopic appearances of both groups of larvae were indistinguishable and their lengths were similar. results indicated th ... | 1988 | 2968018 |
| [primary anthelminthic screening on the l4 and l5 developmental stages of the lungworm, dictyocaulus viviparus, in guinea pigs]. | the study was aimed at expanding the primary anthelmintic screening to cover a model of the group of pulmonary nematodes; in this particular case to introduce the lungworm, d. viviparus, in laboratory animals. a method of primary screening for the fourth and fifth larval states of d. viviparus in guinea-pigs was worked out after the selection of a suitable laboratory host. in the primary screening, three well-known anthelmintics of the benzimidazol series, including fenbendazole, mebendazole and ... | 1989 | 2728267 |
| characterization and purification of parafilaria bovicola antigens by chromatofocusing to enhance specificity in serodiagnosis. | a study was conducted to determine if the purification of parafilaria bovicola antigens can increase the specificity of serodiagnosis of parafilariasis in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. antigens released from adult worms of p. bovicola were separated by chromatofocusing on a polybuffer exchanger of the ph range 7.3-4.0 polypeptide analysis by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed the presence of four major polypeptides with mws of 41, 36, 24 and 20 kda. additional ... | 1989 | 2815540 |
| pasture study of two types of oxfendazole pulse release bolus for controlling nematodes in calves. | one group of first-season calves was dosed with an oxfendazole pulse release bolus at spring turnout (april 30) and on july 15 a second group received the front-loaded oxfendazole pulse release bolus. the objective was to test the boluses for the prophylaxis or control of nematodiasis. the control group consisted of calves to which no bolus was administered. the three groups occupied separate but adjacent plots. for the first five weeks of the trial, three calves, artificially infected with dict ... | 1988 | 2970150 |
| endocrine effects of a trickle infection with dictyocaulus viviparus in the calf. | | 1988 | 2971022 |
| role of the hare (l timidus) in the transmission of the bovine lungworm dictyocaulus viviparus. | | 1988 | 2971289 |