| body temperature and oxygen uptake in the kinkajou (potos flavus, schreber), a nocturnal tropical carnivore. | two kinkajous (potos flavus, procyonidae) showed marked nycthemeral variations in their rectal temperature. the mean tr at night was 38.1 +/- 0.4 degrees c sd and 36.0 +/- 0.6 degrees c sd while resting during the day. body temperature and o2-consumption were measured at ambient temperatures from 5-35 degrees c. with one exception at 35 degrees c, hypo- or hyperthermia was never observed. at air temperatures above 30 degrees c the bears reacted with behavioural responses. o2-consumption was mini ... | 1978 | 80172 |
| host range characteristics of the primate coccidian, isospora arctopitheci rodhain 1933 (protozoa: eimeriidae). | studies were conducted on 35 primates, 12 carnivores, and 2 marsupials to determine their susceptibility to the primate coccidian, isospora arctopitheci. patent oocyst infections resulted in 12 of the 14 species of animals investigated. these included 6 genera of new world primates native to panama: saguinus geoffroyi, aotus trivirgatus, ateles fusciceps, cebus capucinus, alouatta villosa, and saimiri sciureus. in addition 4 families of carnivores (2 domestic and 2 sylvatic) and 1 species of mar ... | 1977 | 403270 |
| infrequency of gross skin lesions among panamanian forest mammals with cutaneous leishmaniasis. | natural leishmanial infections among feral mammals in the republic of panama were studied in relation to gross skin alterations. three dermatotropic species of leishmania, l. braziliensis, l. mexicana and l. hertigi, isolated from 230 sylvatic animals of 5 mammalian orders were involved. in 205 (89%) of the cases there were no gross skin alterations. cryptic infections of all three leishmanial species among wild animals were confirmed by culture and hamster inoculation. this type of infection wa ... | 1975 | 1178222 |
| identification, using isoenzyme electrophoresis and monoclonal antibodies, of leishmania isolated from humans and wild animals of ecuador. | six strains of leishmania isolated from wild mammals and humans on the pacific coast of ecuador were identified by isoenzyme electrophoresis and by their reactivity patterns to a cross-panel of specific monoclonal antibodies using a radioimmune binding assay. single isolates from sciurus vulgaris, potos flavus, and tamandua tetradactyla were identified as leishmania amazonensis. three other strains, isolated from cutaneous lesions of humans, were identified as leishmania panamensis. | 1989 | 2919726 |
| a new herpesvirus isolated from kinkajous (potos flavus). | | 1973 | 4128538 |
| salmonellosis in a kinkajou. | | 1971 | 5106381 |
| a natural infection of leishmania in the kinkajou, potos flavus, in panama. | | 1965 | 5848815 |
| attempts to establish onchocerca volvulus infection in primates and small laboratory animals. | attempts were made to transmit o. volvulus infection to small laboratory animals and several species of primates to identify a practical laboratory host for human onchocerciasis. infective larvae of o. volvulus of guatemalan origin were inoculated into the following animals: rhesus monkeys, bonnet monkeys, golden spider monkeys, black spider monkeys, galagos, opossums, jirds, newborn and adult swiss mice, kinkajou, cebus monkey, normal and splenectomized multimammate rats, and a calf. the animal ... | 1982 | 6131591 |
| the ancestral karyotype of carnivora: comparison with that of platyrrhine monkeys. | the karyotypes of six species of carnivora (mungos mungo, paradoxurus hermaphroditus, potos flavus, mustela furo, felis serval, and halichoerus grypus), representative of five different families, were studied and compared. correspondence between almost all chromosome segments was found, and a presumed ancestral karyotype of carnivora is proposed. analogies to human chromosomes are also given, and the results obtained are in excellent agreement with previously published gene mapping data on man a ... | 1983 | 6861525 |
| epidemiology of leishmaniasis in french guiana. | lutzomyia umbratilis is confirmed as the vector of leishmania braziliensis guyanensis, the cause of "pian bois" in man in french guiana. although spending most of the year in the forest canopy, this sandfly is abundant at ground level for about two weeks at the beginning of the long rainy season. the maximum number of infective bites per man per hour (3.9) was reached at the end of november 1979. infections were found in one of seven potos flavus, seven of 15 choleopus didactylus and two of 19 r ... | 1982 | 7080142 |
| vaccination-induced distemper in kinkajous. | following vaccination for distemper, using a modified live-virus vaccine developed for dogs, 2 young kinkajous (potos flavus) developed diarrhea, then central nervous system disease. clinical signs included myoclonus, head trembling, loss of muscular coordination, and convulsions. one kinkajou gradually recovered; the other seemed to recover, then relapsed and was euthanatized. microscopic lesions included those of interstitial pneumonia and enteritis and multifocal lymphocytic inflammation, gli ... | 1981 | 7199035 |
| cystic fibrous osteodystrophy of the jaw in two pet kinkajous (potos flavus). | two kinkajous (potos flavus), which were separately owned as pets and fed an inappropriate diet consisting almost exclusively of succulent fruits developed cystic fibrous osteodystrophy of the jaw. in both cases there was a prominent enlargement of the chin and lower jaw, decalcification of facial bones, softening of the gingiva, and severe malocclusion, but no other relevant changes. clinical, radiographic and histological findings were consistent with cystic fibrous osteodystrophy. the finding ... | 1998 | 9839366 |
| epidemiology of leishmaniasis in ecuador: current status of knowledge -- a review. | although leishmaniasis is regarded as a significant health problem in ecuador by the ministry of health, and the incidence has increased over the last years, an official map on the geographic distribution of disease and sand fly vectors or a control strategy do not exist yet. this article reviews the current situation based on published information to improve our knowledge and understand the epidemiological situation of leishmaniasis in ecuador in order to help future research and to develop a n ... | 2004 | 15654419 |
| description of kingella potus sp. nov., an organism isolated from a wound caused by an animal bite. | we report the isolation and characterization of a hitherto unknown gram-negative, rod-shaped neisseria-like organism from an infected wound resulting from a bite from a kinkajou. based on both phenotypic and phylogenetic evidence, it is proposed that the unknown organism be classified as a new species, kingella potus sp. nov. | 2005 | 16000497 |
| ticks (acari: ixodida) on wild carnivores in brazil. | the present study reports field data of ticks infesting wild carnivores captured from july 1998 to september 2004 in brazil. additional data were obtained from one tick collection and from previous published data of ticks on carnivores in brazil. during field work, a total of 3437 ticks were collected from 89 cerdocyon thous (crab-eating fox), 58 chrysocyon brachyurus (maned wolf), 30 puma concolor (puma), 26 panthera onca (jaguar), 12 procyon cancrivorus (crab-eating raccoon), 4 speothos venati ... | 2005 | 16082932 |
| dogs, cats, and kin: a molecular species-level phylogeny of carnivora. | phylogenies underpin comparative biology as high-utility tools to test evolutionary and biogeographic hypotheses, inform on conservation strategies, and reveal the age and evolutionary histories of traits and lineages. as tools, most powerful are those phylogenies that contain all, or nearly all, of the taxa of a given group. despite their obvious utility, such phylogenies, other than summary 'supertrees', are currently lacking for most mammalian orders, including the order carnivora. carnivora ... | 2010 | 19900567 |
| blastomycosis in man after kinkajou bite. | we report transmission of blastomyces dermatitidis fungal infection from a pet kinkajou to a man. when treating a patient with a recalcitrant infection and a history of an animal bite, early and complete animal necropsy and consideration of nonbacterial etiologies are needed. | 2011 | 21291603 |
| raccoon roundworms in pet kinkajous--three states, 1999 and 2010. | baylisascaris procyonis (bp) is the common roundworm of raccoons (procyon lotor). adult bp live in the small intestine of this host, where they produce eggs that are passed in the feces. bp eggs ingested by nondefinitive host species hatch in the intestine, producing larvae that can migrate widely, causing visceral, ocular, or neural larva migrans. cases of neural larva migrans in humans caused by bp likely acquired from raccoons have resulted in severe encephalitis with permanent deficits and i ... | 2011 | 21412211 |
| variation in form of the pyramidal tract and its relationship to digital dexterity. | a morphometric analysis of the pyramidal tract's relation to digital dexterity was performed on data from 69 mammals. the results show that the variation in digital dexterity among mammals corresponds most closely to the variation in place of termination of pyramidal tract fibers within the spinal cord, corresponds less closely to the variation in the size of the tract itself and its constituent fibers, and does not correspond reliably with any other feature yet reported. since the termination o ... | 2005 | 1212616 |
| larva migrans in squirrel monkeys experimentally infected with baylisascaris potosis. | roundworms of the genus baylisascaris are natural parasites primarily of wild carnivores, and they can occasionally cause infection in humans and animals. infection results in visceral larva migrans and/or neural larva migrans, which can be severe or fatal in some animals. recently, baylisascaris nematodes isolated from kinkajous (potos flavus) and previously referred to as baylisascaris procyonis were renamed as baylisascaris potosis; however, data regarding the pathogenicity of b. potosis towa ... | 2015 | 25796550 |
| baylisascaris potosis n. sp., a new ascarid nematode isolated from captive kinkajou, potos flavus, from the cooperative republic of guyana. | we describe a new nematode species, baylisascaris potosis n. sp., isolated from captive kinkajou, potos flavus, from the cooperative republic of guyana. the nematode was found in fecal specimens, identified morphologically, and confirmed genetically. the new species is similar to baylisascaris procyonis, baylisascaris columnaris, and other baylisascaris species, but is distinguished by the position of the male phasmidial pole. nuclear and mitochondrial dna sequence analyses confirmed that the ne ... | 2014 | 24662055 |
| baylisascaris larva migrans. | baylisascaris procyonis is a roundworm of the raccoon found primarily in north america but also known to occur in other parts of the world including south america, europe, and japan. migration of the larvae of this parasite is recognized as a cause of clinical neural larva migrans (nlm) in humans, primarily children. it is manifested as meningoencephalitis associated with marked eosinophilia of the cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood. diagnosis is made by recovering and identifying larvae i ... | 2013 | 23829916 |
| obstructive cholelithiasis and cholecystitis in a kinkajou (potos flavus). | a 14.5-yr-old female kinkajou (potos flavus) was diagnosed with cholelithiasis after an episode of vomiting; diagnostics included biochemical analysis and abdominal ultrasound exam. despite antimicrobial treatment, cholelithiasis led to cholecystitis. a cholecystotomy was performed to remove choleliths and inspissated bile. morphological and spectroscopic properties of the choleliths were similar to those of gallstones from the brown pigment family and streptococcus sp. and escherichia coli were ... | 2015 | 25831597 |
| [rabies in potos flavus identified in madre de dios, peru]. | the potos flavus is a nocturnal mammal that lives in neotropical forests from central america to south america. a study of four cases of rabies in potos flavus was conducted; these occurred in april 2012 in the madre de dios region in peru and were collected as part of epidemiological surveillance. the analysis performed in the regional reference laboratory of madre de dios determined the presence of the rabies virus antigen in three of the brain tissue samples. results were verified in the labo ... | 2014 | 24718532 |
| binturong (arctictis binturong) and kinkajou (potos flavus) digestive strategy: implications for interpreting frugivory in carnivora and primates. | exclusive frugivory is rare. as a food resource, fruit is temporally and spatially patchy, low in protein, and variable in terms of energy yield from different carbohydrate types. here, we evaluate the digestive physiology of two frugivorous carnivora species (potos flavus, arctictis binturong) that converge with primates in a diversity of ecological and anatomical traits related to fruit consumption. we conducted feeding trials to determine mean digestive retention times (mrt) on captive animal ... | 2014 | 25157614 |
| the natural place to begin: the ethnoprimatology of the waorani. | ethnoprimatology is an important and growing discipline, studying the diverse relationships between humans and primates. however there is a danger that too great a focus on primates as important to humans may obscure the importance of other animal groups to local people. the waorani of amazonian ecuador were described by sponsel [sponsel (1997) new world primates: ecology, evolution and behavior. new york: aldine de gruyter. p 143-165] as the "natural place" for ethnoprimatology, because of thei ... | 2013 | 23818096 |
| beyond the raccoon roundworm: the natural history of non-raccoon baylisascaris species in the new world. | a total of 10 species of baylisascaris, a genus of ascaridoid nematodes, occur worldwide and 6 of them occur in the new world. most of the baylisascaris species have a similar life cycle with carnivorous mammals or marsupials serving as definitive hosts and a smaller prey host serving as paratenic (or intermediate) hosts. however, one species in rodents is unique in that it only has one host. considerable research has been conducted on b. procyonis, the raccoon roundworm, as it is a well-known c ... | 2017 | 28529879 |
| cross-species transmission of canine distemper virus-an update. | canine distemper virus (cdv) is a pantropic morbillivirus with a worldwide distribution, which causes fatal disease in dogs. affected animals develop dyspnea, diarrhea, neurological signs and profound immunosuppression. systemic cdv infection, resembling distemper in domestic dogs, can be found also in wild canids (e.g. wolves, foxes), procyonids (e.g. raccoons, kinkajous), ailurids (e.g. red pandas), ursids (e.g. black bears, giant pandas), mustelids (e.g. ferrets, minks), viverrids (e.g. civet ... | 2015 | 28616465 |
| mitochondrial dna sequence evolution in the arctoidea. | some taxa in the superfamily arctoidea, such as the giant panda and the lesser panda, have presented puzzles to taxonomists. in the present study, approximately 397 bases of the cytochrome b gene, 364 bases of the 12s rrna gene, and 74 bases of the trna(thr) and trna(pro) genes from the giant panda, lesser panda, kinkajou, raccoon, coatimundi, and all species of the ursidae were sequenced. the high transition/transversion ratios in cytochrome b and rna genes prior to saturation suggest that the ... | 1993 | 8415740 |
| phylogeny of the procyonidae (mammalia: carnivora): molecules, morphology and the great american interchange. | the procyonidae (mammalia: carnivora) have played a central role in resolving the controversial systematics of the giant and red pandas, but phylogenetic relationships of species within the family itself have received much less attention. cladistic analyses of morphological characters conducted during the last two decades have resulted in topologies that group ecologically and morphologically similar taxa together. specifically, the highly arboreal and frugivorous kinkajou (potos flavus) and oli ... | 2007 | 17174109 |
| anatomy and disorders of the oral cavity of ferrets and other exotic companion carnivores. | exotic companion carnivores such as ferrets, skunks, fennec foxes, coatimundis, raccoons, and kinkajous presented in clinical practice share similar dental anatomy, function, and diseases. the domestic ferret serves as the representative species for this group with its anatomy, diseases, and conditions described in detail. dog and cat guidelines for veterinary and home care seem to be relevant and applicable, including dental endodontic procedures. annual or biannual dental examinations and prop ... | 2016 | 27497211 |
| the procyonid social club: comparison of brain volumes in the coatimundi (nasua nasua, n. narica), kinkajou (potos flavus), and raccoon (procyon lotor). | the present study investigated whether increased relative brain size, including regional brain volumes, is related to differing behavioral specializations exhibited by three member species of the family procyonidae. procyonid species exhibit continuums of behaviors related to social and physical environmental complexities: the mostly solitary, semiarboreal and highly dexterous raccoons (procyon lotor); the exclusively arboreal kinkajous (potos flavus), which live either alone or in small polyand ... | 2013 | 24107681 |
| cone photopigments in nocturnal and diurnal procyonids. | procyonids are small, new world carnivores distributed among some 6 genera. electroretinogram (erg) flicker photometry was used to measure the spectra of the cone photopigments for members of two nocturnal species, the raccoon (procyon lotor) and the kinkajou (potos flavus), and a diurnal species, the coati (nasua nasua). each of the 3 has a class of cone photopigment with maximum sensitivity in the middle to long wavelengths. the spectral positioning of this cone is different for the three. whe ... | 1992 | 1447724 |
| know your monkey: identifying primate conservation challenges in an indigenous kichwa community using an ethnoprimatological approach. | increasing pressure on tropical forests is continually highlighting the need to find new solutions that mitigate the impact of human populations on biodiversity. however, developing solutions that can tackle the drivers of anthropogenic pressure, or at least take them into account, hinges upon building a good understanding of the culture and perceptions of local people. this study aims to provide an overview of the ethnoprimatology of an indigenous kichwa community in the ecuadorian amazon that ... | 2016 | 27093638 |
| prevalence of baylisascaris roundworm in captive kinkajous in japan. | baylisascaris potosis causes larva migrans in animals. the present study evaluated the prevalence of b. potosis in captive kinkajous ( potos flavus ) and the ability of milbemycin to treat natural infections of b. potosis in 2 female wild-caught kinkajous. in 2012, fecal samples were collected from 16 kinkajous in 6 zoological gardens and 29 imported captive kinkajous from 4 pet traders in japan. although all samples from zoological gardens were negative, 8 kinkajous from traders were positive f ... | 2016 | 26565681 |
| repeated loss of frontal sinuses in arctoid carnivorans. | many mammal skulls contain air spaces inside the bones surrounding the nasal chamber including the frontal, maxilla, ethmoid, and sphenoid, all of which are called paranasal sinuses. within the carnivora, frontal sinuses are usually present, but vary widely in size and shape. the causes of this variation are unclear, although there are some functional associations, such as a correlation between expanded frontal sinuses and a durophagous diet in some species (e.g., hyenas) or between absent sinus ... | 2015 | 25069818 |
| diagnosis and treatment of congestive heart failure secondary to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a kinkajou (potos flavus). | an adult castrated male pet kinkajou (potos flavus) presented with dyspnea due to congestive heart failure and was diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (hcm) and suspected pulmonary arterial hypertension. diagnosis was based on history, clinical signs, clinical pathology, radiographs, abdominal ultrasonography, abdominal fluid analysis, electrocardiography, and echocardiogram. an undetermined hepatopathy also was found at presentation and resolved after metronidazole antimicrobial treatmen ... | 2010 | 20597231 |
| the effect of substrate size on the locomotion and gait patterns of the kinkajou (potos flavus). | diagonal-sequence (ds) gaits, which are very rare among mammals, are common and well documented in primates and some arboreal marsupials. ds walking gaits have been reported in the kinkajou (potos flavus), which shows ecological similarities with primates and arboreal opossums but lacks prehensile specializations of the hindfoot. nevertheless, the actual frequency of ds gaits and the functional context in which these gaits occur in this highly arboreal mammal remain unknown. we examined the effe ... | 2010 | 20095011 |
| considerations for kinkajou captive diets. | kinkajous are not suitable pets for most people, because the species takes considerable resources to accommodate their needs. they are often overlooked in zoo collections and in field research, because they are not considered threatened or endangered. the authors have presented an overview of the diets and enrichment methods that sustain reproduction, growth, and longevity in captive kinkajous. it is important, however, to recognize that kinkajous' nutritional needs are as poorly understood as a ... | 2009 | 19341946 |
| microsatellite analysis of kinkajou social organization. | kinkajou social groups generally consist of one adult female, two males, one subadult and one juvenile. based on analysis of variation in 11 microsatellite loci, we assess the degree of kinship within and between four social groups totaling 25 kinkajous. we use exclusion and likelihood analyses to assign parents for seven of the eight offspring sampled, five with >/= 95% certainty, and two with >/= 80% certainty. five of six identified sires of group offspring came from the same social group as ... | 2000 | 10849290 |
| immobilization of wild kinkajous (potos flavus) with medetomidine-ketamine and reversal by atipamezole. | as part of a wildlife rescue during the filling of a lake created by a hydroelectric dam (petit saut, french guiana), 10 wild kinkajous (potos flavus) were immobilized with medetomidine and ketamine for clinical examination and collection of biological samples. a mean (+/-sd) i.m. dose of 0.11+/-0.01 mg/kg medetomidine and 5.5+/-0.6 mg/kg ketamine rapidly induced complete immobilization (3.0+/-0.9 min) with good muscle relaxation and loss of corneal and pedal withdrawal reflexes. the duration an ... | 1998 | 9732035 |
| occurrence of squalene in skin surface lipids of the otter, the beaver and the kinkajou. | in a previous survey of the skin surface lipids of 46 mammalian species, it was found that only 3, the otter, the beaver and the kinkajou, contained components with chromatographic mobility similar to squalene, and in each case, this material was the predominant constituent. the materials in question have now been isolated from each of these species and identified as squalene by thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography and infrared spectroscopy. the occurrence of squalene in the surface lip ... | 1980 | 7219074 |
| unexpected rabies variant identified in kinkajou (potos flavus), mato grosso, brazil. | a second case of a novel rabies variant described once in a capuchin monkey from mato grosso, brazil, was discovered in a rabid wild kinkajou from the same region, indicating a public health risk following exposure to either of the two animals. | 2020 | 32403984 |
| hand cellulitis and abscess from a kinkajou bite: a case report and review of kinkajou bites in humans. | medical literature on the microbiology of kinkajou bites is scarce. we present a patient presenting with hand cellulitis and abscess after a kinkajou bite that grew aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and fusobacterium nucleatum. we review the literature regarding microbiology and management of kinkajou bites. | 2020 | 31725116 |
| larva migrans of baylisascaris potosis in experimental animals. | occurrence of clinical signs by infection with baylisascaris potosis, the roundworm of kinkajous ( potos flavus), in mice, rats, and rabbit were studied, and the migration behavior of larvae in mice were compared with that of baylisascaris transfuga, the roundworm of bears ( ursus spp.). three groups of 8 mice, 3 groups of 6 rats, and 3 groups of 2 rabbits were inoculated with either 10, 100, or 1,000 b. potosis eggs. the other 8 mice were inoculated with 1,000 b. transfuga eggs. animals were mo ... | 2018 | 29694269 |
| the influence of diet on masticatory motor patterns in musteloid carnivorans: an analysis of jaw adductor activity in ferrets (mustela putorius furo) and kinkajous (potos flavus). | broad similarities in the timing of jaw adductor activity driving jaw movements across distantly related and morphologically disparate species have led to the hypothesis that mammalian masticatory motor patterns are conserved. however, some quantitative analyses also suggest that masticatory motor patterns have evolved in concert with dietary and/or morphological specialization. here, we assess this relationship in two closely related carnivoran species with divergent diets and morphology: carni ... | 2017 | 29441707 |
| visceral infection by porocephalus spp. (pentastomida) in neotropical wild mammals. | larval stages of pentastomids were collected from different organs of small mammals from the peruvian amazon. these parasitized mammals included: a western amazonian oryzomys (hylaeamys perenensis), an elegant oryzomys (euryoryzomys nitidus), a lowland paca (cuniculus paca), two kinkajous (potos flavus), two silvery woolly monkeys (lagothrix poeppigii) and a brown-mantled tamarin (leontocebus fuscicollis). pentastomids were found in the mesentery and parenchyma of the liver and lungs of these an ... | 2020 | 32238198 |