| intoxication by star fruit (averrhoa carambola) in six dialysis patients? (preliminary report) | we observed six cases of patients in a dialysis programme who were apparently intoxicated by ingestion of star fruit. after ingestion of 2-3 fruits or 150-200 ml of the fruit juice, the six patients, who had previously been stable in a regular dialysis programme, developed a variety of symptoms ranging from insomnia and hiccups to agitation, mental confusion and (in one case) death. in preliminary investigations to characterize the hypothetical neurotoxin in the fruit, an extract, when injected ... | 1998 | 9550629 |
| diuretic effects of selected thai indigenous medicinal plants in rats. | extracts of five indigenous thai medicinal having ethnomedical application in the treatment of dysuria were investigated for their diuretic activity. root extracts of ananas comosus and carica papaya, given orally to rats at a dose of 10 mg/kg, demonstrated significantly increased urine output (p < 0.01) which was 79 and 74%, respectively, of the effect of an equivalent dose of hydrochlorothiazide. both plant extracts gave similar profiles of urinary electrolyte excretion to that of the hydrochl ... | 2001 | 11297849 |
| influence of temperature on pythium splendens--induced root disease on carambola, averrhoa carambola. | a series of glasshouse and incubator studies were conducted to investigate the role played by pythium splendens in a decline disorder of carambola, averrhoa carambola. plants, 4-6 months old, were grown in native calcareous soil either infested or not infested with the pathogen. isolates recovered from atemoya, carambola and passion fruit grew optimally at 30 degrees c, and significantly (p < 0.05) increased root necrosis and reduced root, shoot and total biomass of carambola. temperature had a ... | 2004 | 15119860 |
| correlation between shaking behaviors and seizure severity in five animal models of convulsive seizures. | wet dog shakes (wds) and head shakes (hs) are associated with experimentally induced convulsive seizures. we sought to determine whether these behaviors are correlated or not with major (status epilepticus (se) or fully kindled animals) or minor (non-se or partially kindled animals) seizure severity. wds are directly correlated with se induced by intracerebral star fruit extract (averrhoa carambola) injection and with kindled animals in the amygdala fast kindling model. on the other hand, wds ar ... | 2005 | 15820339 |
| convulsant activity and neurochemical alterations induced by a fraction obtained from fruit averrhoa carambola (oxalidaceae: geraniales). | we obtained a neurotoxic fraction (actx) from star fruit (averrhoa carambola) and studied its effects on gabaergic and glutamatergic transmission systems. actx had no effect on gaba/glutamate uptake or release, or on glutamate binding. however, it specifically inhibited gaba binding in a concentration-dependent manner (ic(50)=0.89mum). video-electroencephalogram recordings demonstrated that following cortical administration of actx, animals showed behavioral changes, including tonic-clonic seizu ... | 2005 | 15843046 |
| negative inotropic and chronotropic effects on the guinea pig atrium of extracts obtained from averrhoa carambola l. leaves. | it has been reported that star fruit can lead to a fatal outcome in uremic patients. the intoxication syndrome consists of hiccups, mental confusion, dizziness, and vomiting. on the other hand, folk medicine uses teas and infusions of carambola leaves to treat headache, vomiting, cough, insomnia, and diabetes. this motivated us to determine if averrhoa carambola can act on the contractility and automaticity of the guinea pig heart. we measured the atrial isometric force in stimulated left atria ... | 2005 | 16007283 |
| electrophysiological effects of the aqueous extract of averrhoa carambola l. leaves on the guinea pig heart. | this work aims to describe some electrophysiological changes promoted by the aqueous extract (aex) from averrhoa carambola leaves in guinea pig heart. the experiments were carried out on isolated heart or on right atrium-ventricle preparations. in 6 hearts, the extract induced many kinds of atrioventricular blocks (1st, 2nd, and 3rd degrees); increased the qt interval from 229+/-23 to 264+/-19 ms; increased the qrs complex duration from 27+/-3.1 to 59+/-11 ms, and depressed the cardiac rate from ... | 2006 | 16785041 |
| antioxidant activities of some local bangladeshi fruits (artocarpus heterophyllus, annona squamosa, terminalia bellirica, syzygium samarangense, averrhoa carambola and olea europa). | in the present study, antioxidant activities of the fruits of a. heterophyllus, a. squamosa, t. bellirica, s. samarangense, a. carambola and o. europa were investigated. for this, at first matured fruits of them were sliced into small pieces and dried in the sun and finally crushed in a grinder to make powder. ethanolic extracts of fruit powder were prepared using 99.99% ethanol. the antioxidative activities of these extracts were determined according to their abilities of scavenging 1, 1-diphen ... | 2007 | 17460898 |
| zinc, nickel and cadmium in carambolas marketed in guangzhou and hong kong, china: implication for human health. | carambola (averrhoa carambola l.) is a popular juicy fruit throughout the tropical and subtropical world. this study was designed to quantify the levels of zinc (zn), nickel (ni) and cadmium (cd) in carambolas marketed in southern china, and further to evaluate the potential health risk of human consumption of carambola. zinc concentrations, ranging from 1.471 to 2.875 mg/kg (on fresh weight basis), were below the maximum permissible concentration for zn in fruit of china (5 mg/kg). however, ni ... | 2007 | 17881037 |
| inhibition of human liver cytochrome p450 by star fruit juice. | to examine the inhibitory effects of star fruit (averrhoa carambola) juice towards seven major cytochrome p450 (cyp) isoforms and nadph-cytochrome p450 reductase (cpr). | 2007 | 18261370 |
| analysis of cyp3a inhibitory components of star fruit (averrhoa carambola l.) using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. | in this study, we analyzed the cyp3a inhibitory components of star fruit averrhoa carambola l., using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (lc-ms). the stereoisomer of procyanidin b1 and b2 and/or the trimer consisting of catechin and/or epicatechin were suggested to be potent inhibitory components. | 2008 | 18404300 |
| mechanism of action of the stimulatory effect of apigenin-6-c-(2''-o-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-l-fucopyranoside on 14c-glucose uptake. | there has been a growing interest in hypoglycemic agents from natural products, particularly those derived from plants. flavonoids are naturally occurring phenolic compounds with a broad range of biological activities and the beneficial effects of flavonoids have been studied in relation to diabetes mellitus, either through their capacity to avoid glucose absorption or to improve glucose tolerance. the purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of action of the stimulatory effect of ... | 2009 | 19070612 |
| stimulatory effect of apigenin-6-c-beta-l-fucopyranoside on insulin secretion and glycogen synthesis. | in vivo and in vitro treatments were carried out to investigate the effects of apigenin-6-c-beta-l-fucopyranoside (1), isolated from averrhoa carambola l. (oxalidaceae), on serum glucose and insulin levels in hyperglycemic rats as well as its effect on glycogen synthesis in normal rat soleus muscle. apigenin-6-c-beta-l-fucopyranoside showed an acute effect on blood glucose lowering in hyperglycemic rats and stimulated glucose-induced insulin secretion. a stimulatory effect of 1 on glycogen synth ... | 2009 | 19625113 |
| evaluation of the toxic effect of star fruit on serum biochemical parameters in rats. | the objective of the present study was to evaluate the toxic effect of averrhoa carambola (star fruit) juice at different storage conditions in sprague dawley (sd) rats. twenty female rats weighing 180 +/- 20 g were randomly assigned into four groups with five rats per group (n = 5). first group served as the control group, fed with distilled water (vehicle). second, third and fourth groups were orally treated with juice of a. carambola stored for 0, 1 and 3 h respectively for 14 days. cage-side ... | 2010 | 20668578 |
| hypotensive effect of aqueous extract of averrhoa carambola l. (oxalidaceae) in rats: an in vivo and in vitro approach. | averrhoa carambola l. (oxalidaceae) leaves are used in brazilian traditional medicine to treat hypertension. this study was conducted to evaluate the hypotensive effect of the aqueous extract of averrhoa carambola (aeac) and its underlying mechanisms in the isolated rat aorta. | 2010 | 20937374 |
| analysis of the potential topical anti-inflammatory activity of averrhoa carambola l. in mice. | inflammatory skin disorders, such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, are very common in the population; however, the treatments currently available are not well tolerated and are often ineffective. averrhoa carambola l. (oxalidaceae) is an asian tree that has been used in traditional folk medicine in the treatment of several skin disorders. the present study evaluates the topical anti-inflammatory effects of the crude ethanolic extract of a. carambola leaves, its hexane, ethyl acetate, and buta ... | 2011 | 21785638 |
| estimation of phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of underutilized fruits of andaman islands (india). | the present study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity and phytochemical contents in 10 underutilized fruits of andaman islands (india) namely malpighia glabra l., mangifera andamanica l., morinda citrifolia l., syzygium aqueum (burm.f) alst., annona squamosa l., averrhoa carambola l., averrhoa bilimbi l., dillenia indica l., annona muricata l. and ficus racemosa l. the antioxidant activity varied from 74.27% to 98.77%, and the methanol extract of m. glabra showed the highest antioxidant ... | 2011 | 22080844 |
| production of star fruit alcoholic fermented beverage. | star fruit (averrhoa carambola) is a nutritious tropical fruit. the aim of this study was to evaluate the production of a star fruit alcoholic fermented beverage utilizing a lyophilized commercial yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae). the study was conducted utilizing a 2(3) central composite design and the best conditions for the production were: initial soluble solids between 23.8 and 25 °brix (g 100 g(-1)), initial ph between 4.8 and 5.0 and initial concentration of yeast between 1.6 and 2.5 g l( ... | 2016 | 27784945 |
| in vitro physicochemical, phytochemical and functional properties of fiber rich fractions derived from by-products of six fruits. | a comparative study was done on the health promoting and functional properties of the fibers obtained as by-products from six fruits viz., pomace of carambola (averrhoa carambola l.) and pineapple (ananas comosus l. merr), peels of watermelon (citrullus lanatus), burmese grape (baccurea sapida muell. arg) and khasi mandarin orange (citrus reticulata blanco), and blossom of seeded banana (musa balbisiana, abb). highest yield of fiber was obtained from burmese grape peel (bgpl, 79.94 ± 0.41 g/100 ... | 2016 | 27570274 |
| a comparative study on the effect of conventional thermal pasteurisation, microwave and ultrasound treatments on the antioxidant activity of five fruit juices. | a comparative study on the effect of conventional thermal pasteurisation, microwave and ultrasound treatments on the phytochemical and antioxidant activities of juices from carambola (averrhoa carambola l.), black jamun (syzygium cumuni l.skeels.), watermelon (citrullus lanatus var lanatus), pineapple (ananas comosus l. merr) and litchi (litchi chinensis sonn.) was carried out. depending on the type of fruit sample and treatment, increase or decrease in phytochemical values was observed. overall ... | 2016 | 26190045 |
| grapefruit as a host for the west indian fruit fly (diptera: tephritidae). | the most common hosts for the west indian fruit fly, anastrepha obliqua (macquart) (diptera: tephritidae) are fruit in the family anacardiaceae (mango [mangifera l.] and mombin [spondias l.] species). however, similar to many of the tropical fruit flies of major economic importance, this species attacks several other families of crop fruit, including annonaceae (cherimoya, annona cherimola mill.), myrtaceae (guava, psidium l.), oxalidaceae (carambola, averrhoa carambola l.), passifloraceae (gran ... | 2011 | 21404839 |
| first report of maconellicoccus hirsutus (green, 1908) (hemiptera: coccoidea: pseudococcidae) and the associated parasitoid anagyrus kamali moursi, 1948 (hymenoptera: encyrtidae), in brazil. | the pink hibiscus mealybug (phm), maconellicoccus hirsutus (green) (hemiptera: pseudococcidae) and the associated hymenopterous parasitoid, anagyrus kamali moursi, 1948 (hymenoptera: encyrtidae), are reported for the first time in brazil. specimens of the phm were collected on nine hosts plants, annona muricata l. (anonnaceae), glycine max (l.) merr. (fabaceae), centrolobium paraensis tul. (fabaceae), inga edulis mart. (fabaceae), hibiscus rosa-sinensis l. (malvaceae), psidium guajava l. (myrtac ... | 2013 | 23917571 |
| neurotoxicity following the ingestion of bilimbi fruit (averrhoa bilimbi) in an end-stage renal disease patient on hemodialysis. | the toxic effects of the ingestion of star fruit (averrhoa carambola) in chronic kidney disease patients are well described in the literature. recently, the compound caramboxin has been isolated, explaining the mechanisms of its neurotoxicity. bilimbi fruit belongs to the family oxalidaceae, averrhoa bilimbi species, and exhibits similar biochemical characteristics to star fruit. | 2017 | 28203564 |
| effects of averrhoa carambola l. (oxalidaceae) juice mediated on hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and its influence on regulatory protein expression in the injured kidneys of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. | recently, many reports have shown that averrhoa carambola l. (oxalidaceae) juice (eacj) could reduce blood glucose in humans. however, its mechanisms have not been well explored; therefore, our study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of eacj on hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and renal injury in streptozotocin (stz)-induced diabetic mice. those mice were injected with stz via the tail vein (120 mg/kg body weight) and were identified as diabetic mice when the level of blood glucose was ≥ ... | 2017 | 28123632 |
| acute kidney injury associated with ingestion of star fruit: acute oxalate nephropathy. | starfruit (averrhoa carambola) and its juice are popular in the indian subcontinent as an indigenous medicine. oxalate concentration in this fruit and it's freshly prepared juice is very high. we present a report of patients presenting with acute kidney injury due to oxalate nephropathy admitted in a single center. all patients had history of ingesting star fruit. patients became symptomatic after 10-12 h of eating and main symptoms were pain abdomen and decrease in urine output. three patients ... | 2017 | 27942177 |
| protective effects of 2-dodecyl-6-methoxycyclohexa-2,5 -diene-1,4-dione isolated from averrhoa carambola l. (oxalidaceae) roots on high-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice. | the roots of averrhoa carambola l. (oxalidaceae) have long been used as a traditional chinese medicine for the treatment of diabetes and diabetes-related diseases. 2-dodecyl-6-methoxycycyclohexa-2,5-1,4-dione (dmdd) has been isolated from a. carambola l. roots, and this study was carried out to investigate the potential beneficial effects of dmdd on obesity and insulin resistance induced by a high-fat diet (hfd) in mice. | 2016 | 27941348 |
| effect of ultrasound and centrifugal force on carambola (averrhoa carambola l.) slices during osmotic dehydration. | osmotic dehydration (od) of carambola slices were carried out using glucose, sucrose, fructose and glycerol as osmotic agents with 70°bx solute concentration, 50°c of temperature and for time of 180min. glycerol and sucrose were selected on the basis of their higher water loss, weight reduction and lowers solid gain. further the optimization of od of carambola slices (5mm thick) were carried out under different process conditions of temperature (40-60°c), concentration of sucrose and glycerol (5 ... | 2017 | 27773258 |
| protective effect of 2-dodecyl-6-methoxycyclohexa-2, 5-diene-1, 4-dione, isolated from averrhoa carambola l., against palmitic acid-induced inflammation and apoptosis in min6 cells by inhibiting the tlr4-myd88-nf-κb signaling pathway. | studies have demonstrated that 2-dodecyl-6-methoxycyclohexa-2, 5-diene-1, 4-dione (dmdd), isolated from the roots of averrhoa carambola l., has significant therapeutic potential for the treatment of diabetes. however, the protective effect of dmdd against pancreatic beta cell dysfunction has never been reported. we investigated whether dmdd protected against palmitic acid-induced dysfunction in pancreatic β-cell line min6 cells by attenuating the inflammatory response and apoptosis and to shed l ... | 2016 | 27643515 |
| antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of methanolic and aqueous extracts of different parts of star fruit. | star fruit (averrhoa carambola) is a well-known plant in malaysia which bears a great significance in traditional medicine. | 2016 | 27262321 |
| assessment of heavy metals in averrhoa bilimbi and a. carambola fruit samples at two developmental stages. | though the fruits of averrhoa bilimbi and a. carambola are economically and medicinally important, they remain underutilized. the present study reports heavy metal quantitation in the fruit samples of a. bilimbi and a. carambola (oxalidaceae), collected at two stages of maturity. heavy metals are known to interfere with the functioning of vital cellular components. although toxic, some elements are considered essential for human health, in trace quantities. heavy metals such as cr, mn, co, cu, z ... | 2016 | 27080855 |
| protective effect of mangifera indica linn., cocos nucifera linn., and averrhoa carambola linn. extracts against ultraviolet b-induced damage in human keratinocytes. | this study was aimed at investigating the antioxidant activity of mangifera indica linn., cocos nucifera linn., and averrhoa carambola linn. and their biological effect on human keratinocytes affected by the ultraviolet b (uvb), a major cause of cell damage and skin cancer through induction of dna damage, production of reactive oxygen species (ros), and apoptosis. the richest antioxidant activity was found in ethanol fraction of m. indica (21.32 ± 0.66 mg qe/g dry weight), while the lowest one w ... | 2016 | 27057195 |
| effects of 20 selected fruits on ethanol metabolism: potential health benefits and harmful impacts. | the consumption of alcohol is often accompanied by other foods, such as fruits and vegetables. this study is aimed to investigate the effects of 20 selected fruits on ethanol metabolism to find out their potential health benefits and harmful impacts. the effects of the fruits on ethanol metabolism were characterized by the concentrations of ethanol and acetaldehyde in blood, as well as activities of alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase in liver of mice. furthermore, potential hea ... | 2016 | 27043608 |
| optimization of process parameters for extrusion cooking of low amylose rice flour blended with seeded banana and carambola pomace for development of minerals and fiber rich breakfast cereal. | the low-amylose rice flour, seeded banana (musa balbisiana, abb) and carambola (averrhoa carambola l.) pomace blends were extruded to prepare ready to eat breakfast cereal in a single-screw extruder. response surface methodology using a central composite design was used to evaluate effect of independent variables, namely blend ratio (80:10:10 - 60:30:10 of low-amylose rice flour, seeded banana and carambola pomace), screw speed (200 - 400 rpm), barrel temperature (90 - 130 (°)c) and feed moistur ... | 2016 | 26787944 |
| pectic type ii arabinogalactans from starfruit (averrhoa carambola l.). | a structural characterization of polysaccharides from edible tropical fruit named starfruit (averrhoa carambola l.) was carried out. after the purification steps, two homogeneous fractions were obtained. fraction 50r was composed of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose and uronic acid in 4.3:56.2:37.4:2m ratio, respectively and fraction 10r was composed of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose and uronic acid in 2.8:65.8:28.5:3m ratio, respectively. methylation and nmr spectroscopy analyses showed that these ... | 2016 | 26775968 |
| substituted galacturonan from starfruit: chemical structure and antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects. | starfruit (averrhoa carambola l.) is an edible tropical fruit, which is usually consumed as a fresh table fruit or as fruit juice. it also exhibits various pharmacological activities. in this study, polysaccharides were extracted with boiling water and purified by freeze-thawing and fehling treatments. after purification steps, a homogenous fraction was obtained. it was analyzed by sugar composition, gel permeation chromatography, methylation, and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2d n ... | 2016 | 26706843 |
| star fruit toxicity: a cause of both acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease: a report of two cases. | star fruit (averrhoa carambola) is commonly consumed as a herbal remedy for various ailments in tropical countries. however, the dangers associated with consumption of star fruit are not commonly known. although star fruit induced oxalate nephrotoxicity in those with existing renal impairment is well documented, reports on its effect on those with normal renal function are infrequent. we report two unique clinical presentation patterns of star fruit nephrotoxicity following consumption of the fr ... | 2015 | 26680759 |
| averrhoa carambola l. peel extract suppresses adipocyte differentiation in 3t3-l1 cells. | obesity is associated with an increased risk of many chronic diseases. recently, a growing body of evidence has shown that phytochemicals may inhibit adipogenesis and obesity. in this study, we report for the first time, the ability of averrhoa carambola l. peel extract commonly known as star fruit (sfp) to effectively suppress adipocyte differentiation in 3t3-l1 preadipocytes and therefore, address it as a potential candidate to treat obesity and its related diseases. (-)-epicatechin was identi ... | 2016 | 26679488 |
| antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of kordoi (averrhoa carambola) fruit juice and bamboo (bambusa polymorpha) shoot extract in pork nuggets. | pork nuggets with 'very good' acceptability was processed by incorporating kordoi (averrhoa carambola) fruit juice and bamboo (bambusa polymorpha) shoot extract, and their physical, chemical, microbiological and sensorial characteristics were evaluated during 35 days storage under refrigeration. addition of kordoi fruit juice (4%) and bamboo shoot extract (6%) had a significant effect on the ph, moisture, protein, fat, fiber, instrumental color values and texture profiles of nuggets. nuggets wit ... | 2016 | 26212939 |
| the antidiabetic compound 2-dodecyl-6-methoxycyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione, isolated from averrhoa carambola l., demonstrates significant antitumor potential against human breast cancer cells. | 2-dodecyl-6-methoxycyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (dmdd) is a cyclohexanedione found in the roots of averrhoa carambola l., commonly known as starfruit. researchers have shown that dmdd has significant therapeutic potential for the treatment of diabetes; however, the effects of dmdd on human cancers have never been reported. we investigated the cytotoxic effects of dmdd against human breast, lung and bone cancer cells in vitro and further examined the molecular mechanisms of dmdd-induced apoptosi ... | 2015 | 26203774 |
| why eating star fruit is prohibited for patients with chronic kidney disease? | new studies have shown the mechanism by which the star fruit (averrhoa carambola) becomes toxic to individuals with chronic kidney disease (ckd). the aim of this study was to review the current literature on the topic. this is a review article, with publications from 2000 to 2014 available in scientific database. there are reports that neurotoxicity is due to the presence of oxalate in star fruit, but recent findings show that the neurotoxic effect of the toxin is by caramboxin, which appears to ... | 2015 | 26154645 |
| antidotal activity of averrhoa carambola (star fruit) on fluoride induced toxicity in rats. | consumption of fluoride leads to several physiological disturbances in carbohydrate, lipid and antioxidant metabolisms. averrhoa carambola l. fruit (star fruit) is a commonly consumed fruit in tropical countries and is an ingredient in folklore medicines. as the fruits have high polyphenolic and antioxidant contents, the present study was undertaken to investigate the potential of star fruit as a dietary supplement in attenuating the fluoride induced hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia and oxida ... | 2014 | 26109886 |
| antioxidant properties, physico-chemical characteristics and proximate composition of five wild fruits of manipur, india. | antioxidant properties, physico-chemical characteristics and proximate composition of five wild fruits viz., garcinia pedunculata, garcinia xanthochymus, docynia indica, rhus semialata and averrhoa carambola grown in manipur, india were presented in the current study. the order of the antioxidant activity and reducing power of the fruit samples was found as r. semialata > d. indica > g. xanthochymus > a. carambola > g. pedunculata. good correlation coefficient (r(2) > 0.99) was found among the t ... | 2015 | 25694698 |
| structural characterization of a rhamnogalacturonan i-arabinan-type i arabinogalactan macromolecule from starfruit (averrhoa carambola l.). | a structural characterization of polysaccharides obtained from edible tropical fruit named starfruit (averrhoa carambola l.) was carried out. after fractionation by freeze-thaw and fehling precipitation, a pectic polysaccharide was obtained. it was composed of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose and uronic acid in the 5.0:72.5:12.1:10.4 molar ratios, respectively. a combination of monosaccharide, gpc, methylation and nmr analysis and enzymatic hydrolysis with endo-β-(1→4)-d-galactanase showed the pre ... | 2015 | 25659693 |
| saccharides and fructooligosaccharides composition of green and ripe averrhoa carambola, blighia sapida and spondias dulcis fruits. | the maturation of fruits is characterized by numerous compositional changes during ripening and these changes contribute in their quality attributes. this study aimed to assess the contents of saccharides and potential fructooligosaccharides (fos) of ackee (blighia sapida köenig), carambola (averrhoa carambola) and june plum (spondias dulcis), at green and ripe stages. beside glucose and fructose and lower sucrose content, three short chain fructooligosaccharides were identified in ackee fruit, ... | 2015 | 25624239 |
| multiplex pcr in determination of opiinae parasitoids of fruit flies, bactrocera sp., infesting star fruit and guava. | malaysia is a tropical country that produces commercial fruits, including star fruits, averrhoa carambola l. (oxalidales: oxalidaceae), and guavas, psidium guajava l. (myrtales: myrtaceae). there is a high demand for these fruits, and they are planted for both local consumption and export purposes. unfortunately, there has been a gradual reduction of these fruits, which has been shown to be related to fruit fly infestation, especially from the bactrocera species. most parasitic wasps (hymenopter ... | 2014 | 25373154 |
| process optimization for osmo-dehydrated carambola (averrhoa carambola l) slices and its storage studies. | an osmotic-dehydration process protocol for carambola (averrhoacarambola l.,), an exotic star shaped tropical fruit, was developed. the process was optimized using response surface methodology (rsm) following central composite rotatable design (ccrd). the experimental variables selected for the optimization were soak solution concentration (°brix), soaking temperature (°c) and soaking time (min) with 6 experiments at central point. the effect of process variables was studied on solid gain and wa ... | 2014 | 25328186 |
| optimisation of phenolic extraction from averrhoa carambola pomace by response surface methodology and its microencapsulation by spray and freeze drying. | optimised of the extraction of polyphenol from star fruit (averrhoa carambola) pomace using response surface methodology was carried out. two variables viz. temperature (°c) and ethanol concentration (%) with 5 levels (-1.414, -1, 0, +1 and +1.414) were used to design the optimisation model using central composite rotatable design where, -1.414 and +1.414 refer to axial values, -1 and +1 mean factorial points and 0 refers to centre point of the design. the two variables, temperature of 40°c and ... | 2015 | 25308654 |
| [star fruit as a cause of acute kidney injury]. | the star fruit belongs to the family oxalidacea, species averrhoa carambola. it is rich in minerals, vitamin a, c, b complex vitamins and oxalic acid. recent studies show that the toxicity of the fruit differs between the patients and may be explained by single biological responses, age, and the intake quantity of the neurotoxin in each fruit in addition to glomerular filtration rate given by each patient. additionally, the nephrotoxicity caused by the fruit is dose-dependent and may lead to the ... | 2014 | 25055366 |
| impact of micronized starfruit (averrhoa carambola l.) fiber concentrate on lipid metabolism in mice. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of micronized insoluble fiber from starfruit bagasse as an ingredient of a functional food (ff) or as micronized insoluble fiber-rich fraction (ifrf) and its effects in vivo on lipids metabolism in a murine model. experimental animals were divided in four isoproteic (15.8%) treatments differing on the fiber and cholesterol level used. the micronized ifrf particle size ranged from 37.5 to 149 μm. treatments with added ifrf and those including ... | 2014 | 24846002 |
| protective effects of total extracts of averrhoa carambola l. (oxalidaceae) roots on streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. | in chinese culture, the roots of averrhoa carambola l. have long been used for medical purposes due to their potent pharmaceutical activities, such as improving digestive function and treating diabetes. | 2014 | 24802264 |
| prophylactic role of averrhoa carambola (star fruit) extract against chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma in swiss albino mice. | liver cancer remains one of the severe lethal malignancies worldwide and hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) is the most common form. the current study was designed to evaluate the prophylactic role of the fruit of averrhoa carambola (star fruit or kamrak) on diethylnitrosamine- (dena-) induced (15 mg/kg b.wt.; single i.p. injection) and ccl4-promoted (1.6 g/kg b.wt. in corn oil thrice a week for 24 weeks) liver cancer in swiss albino mice. administration of ace was made orally at a dose of 25 mg/kg ... | 2014 | 24696677 |
| lyoniresinol 3α-o-β-d-glucopyranoside-mediated hypoglycaemia and its influence on apoptosis-regulatory protein expression in the injured kidneys of streptozotocin-induced mice. | averrhoa carambola l. (oxalidaceae) root (aclr) has a long history of use in traditional chinese medicine for treating diabetes and diabetic nephropathy (dn). (±)-lyoniresinol 3α-o-β-d-glucopyranoside (lgp1, lgp2) were two chiral lignan glucosides that were isolated from the aclr. the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of lgp1 and lgp2-mediated hypoglycaemia on renal injury in streptozotocin (stz)-induced diabetic mice. stz-induced diabetic mice were administrated lgp1 and lgp2 ... | 2013 | 24312585 |
| anti- and pro-lipase activity of selected medicinal, herbal and aquatic plants, and structure elucidation of an anti-lipase compound. | plants that help in slowing down the digestion of triacylglycerols (tags) in the pancreas and small intestine of humans play an important role in the reduction of obesity. on the other hand, there may be plants or plant parts that stimulate intestinal lipolytic activity, thus contributing to greater tag assimilation. the aim of this study was to evaluate the aqueous methanolic extracts of ninety eight (98) medicinal, herbal and aquatic plant materials from malaysia for their effect on porcine pa ... | 2013 | 24287996 |
| mechanisms of herb-induced nephrotoxicity. | herbal therapies gained much popularity among the general public, but compared to therapies approved by official authorities, toxicological studies are frequently not available for them. hence, there may be inherent risks and the kidneys may be especially vulnerable to toxic effects. herbs may induce nephrotoxicity by induction of apoptosis. high oxalate contents in star fruit (averrhoa carambola l.) may induce acute nephropathy. triptolide from thunder god vine (triperygium wilfordii hook) is a ... | 2013 | 23597204 |
| forest fragments as barriers to fruit fly dispersal: anastrepha (diptera: tephritidae) populations in orchards and adjacent forest fragments in puerto rico. | mcphail-type traps baited with ammonium acetate and putrescine were used to monitor populations of anastrepha obliqua (macquart) and anastrepha suspensa (loew) in two orchards with hosts of these flies (mango, mangifera indica l., and carambola, averrhoa carambola l.), as well as in forest fragments bordering these orchards. contour maps were constructed to measure population distributions in and around orchards. our results indicate that anastrepha populations are focused around host fruit in b ... | 2013 | 23575019 |
| effect of 2-dodecyl-6-methoxycyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione, isolated from averrhoa carambola l. (oxalidaceae) roots, on advanced glycation end-product-mediated renal injury in type 2 diabetic kkay mice. | the roots of averrhoa carambola l. (oxalidaceae) have a long history of medical use in traditional chinese medicine for treating diabetes and diabetic nephropathy. 2-dodecyl-6-methoxycyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (dmdd) was isolated from the tuberous roots of a. carambola l. the purpose of this study was to investigate the beneficial effect of dmdd on the advanced glycation end-product-mediated renal injury in type 2 diabetic kkay mice with regard to prove its efficacy by local traditional pract ... | 2013 | 23500658 |
| phenolic and lignan glycosides from the butanol extract of averrhoa carambola l. root. | fifteen compounds, which included six chiral lignans and nine phenolic glycosides, were separated from the butanol fraction of averrhoa carambola l. root and identified. all of the compounds, namely 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenol-1-o-β-d-glucopyranoside, benzyl-1-o-β-d-glucopyranoside, (+)-5'-methoxyisolariciresinol 3α-o-β-d-gluco-pyranoside, (+)-isolariciresinol 3α-o-β-d-glucopyranoside, koaburaside, (+)-lyoniresinol 3α-o-β-d-glucopyranoside, (-)-lyoniresinol 3α-o-β-d-glucopyranoside, (-)-5'-methoxyiso ... | 2012 | 23085667 |
| anti-hyperglycemic action of apigenin-6-c-β-fucopyranoside from averrhoa carambola. | a stimulatory effect of apigenin-6-c-β-fucopyranoside (1) on glucose uptake was observed when rat soleus muscle was incubated with 1, 10 and 100 μm of this flavonoid glycoside. the presence of specific insulin signaling inhibitors, such as wortmannin, an inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (pi3k), ro318220, an inhibitor of protein kinase c (pkc), pd98059, an inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase (mek), and hnmpa(am)₃, an insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity inhibitor showed that ... | 2012 | 22796400 |
| the treatment of jaundice with medicinal plants in indigenous communities of the sub-himalayan region of uttarakhand, india. | inspite of tremendous advances made in allopathic medical practices, herbs still play an important role in the management of various liver diseases. a large number of plants and formulations have been claimed to have hepatoprotective activity. jaundice is a symptom, indicative of the malfunctioning of the liver. this paper provides ethnomedicinal information on the plants used to treat jaundice by three important indigenous communities, i.e., nomadic gujjars, tharu and bhoxa of sub-himalayan reg ... | 2012 | 22759701 |
| antihyperglycemic activities of leaves of three edible fruit plants (averrhoa carambola, ficus hispida and syzygium samarangense) of bangladesh. | averrhoa carambola l. (oxalidaceae), ficus hispida l.f. (moraceae), and syzygium samarangense (blume) merr. & l.m. perry (myrtaceae) are three common plants in bangladesh, the fruits of which are edible. the leaves and fruits of a. carambola and f. hispida are used by folk medicinal practitioners for treatment of diabetes, while the leaves of s. samarangense are used for treatment of cold, itches, and waist pain. since scientific studies are absent on the antihyperglycemic effects of the leaves ... | 2012 | 23983348 |
| three sesquiterpene compounds biosynthesised from artemisinic acid using suspension-cultured cells of averrhoa carambola (oxalidaceae). | a new sesquiterpene glycoside, artemisinic acid 3-β-o-β-d-glucopyranoside (3, 31.24%) and other two biotransformation products, 3-β-hydroxyartemisinic acid (2, 36.69%) and 3-β-hydroxyartemisinic acid β-d-glucopyranosyl ester (4, 7.03%), were biosynthesised after artemisinic acid (1) was administered to the cultured cells of averrhoa carambola. the three biotransformation products were obtained for the first time by using the suspension-cultured cells of a. carambola as a new biocatalyst system, ... | 2012 | 22011141 |
| effect of freeze-drying on the antioxidant compounds and antioxidant activity of selected tropical fruits. | the effects of freeze-drying on antioxidant compounds and antioxidant activity of five tropical fruits, namely starfruit (averrhoa carambola l.), mango (mangifera indica l.), papaya (carica papaya l.), muskmelon (cucumis melo l.), and watermelon citruluss lanatus (thunb.) were investigated. significant (p < 0.05) differences, for the amounts of total phenolic compounds (tpc), were found between the fresh and freeze-dried fruit samples, except muskmelon. there was no significant (p > 0.05) change ... | 2011 | 21845104 |
| sustained low-efficiency daily diafiltration with hemoperfusion as a therapy for severe star fruit intoxication: a report of two cases. | over the past decade, star fruit (averrhoa carambola) intoxication decreased in the taiwanese society due to improved public education on chronic kidney disease (ckd). various complications including hiccups, altered levels of consciousness, coma, and seizures have been reported in individuals with renal failure who ingested fresh star fruit or star fruit juice. a high mortality rate (from 33 to 80%) was observed in patients with altered levels of consciousness, despite prompt dialysis and suppo ... | 2011 | 21770853 |
| quality attributes of starfruit (averrhoa carambola l.) juice treated with ultraviolet radiation. | starfruit juice were exposed to ultraviolet (uv-c) light for 0, 30 and 60min at room temperature (25±1°c). on exposure, the titratable acidity significantly decreased, while the decrease in °brix and ph were not significant. with regard to colorimetric parameters, l(∗) value increased significantly with a subsequent decrease in a(∗) and b(∗) values corresponding to uv treatment time. except for the ascorbic acid, other antioxidants measured (% dpph inhibition, total phenols, flavonols, flavonoid ... | 2011 | 23140712 |
| [fruit flies (diptera: tephritidae) and their parasitoids (hymenoptera: braconidae) associated to host plants in the southern region of bahia state]. | the association among anastrepha species, braconid parasitoids and host fruits in southern bahia is recorded. doryctobracon areolatus (szépligeti) was associated with a. serpentina (wied.) in pouteria caimito, a. bahiensis lima in helicostylis tomentosa, a. sororcula zucchi in eugenia uniflora, and a. obliqua (macquart) in spondias purpurea. anatrepha obliqua was unique in fruits of averrhoa carambola, but associated with d. areolatus, asobara anastrephae (muesebeck) and utetes anastrephae (vier ... | 2011 | 21710038 |
| intraspecific variation in cadmium tolerance and accumulation of a high-biomass tropical tree averrhoa carambola l.: implication for phytoextraction. | averrhoa carambola l., a high-biomass tropical tree, has recently been shown to be a strong accumulator of cadmium (cd) and has great potential for cd phytoextraction. in the present study, field studies and a controlled-environment experiment were combined to establish the extent of variation in cd tolerance and accumulation at the cultivar level using 14 to 19 cultivars of a. carambola. the results indicated that all cultivars tested could accumulate cd at high but different levels, and that c ... | 2011 | 21566812 |
| cadmium tolerance and accumulation in cultivars of a high-biomass tropical tree (averrhoa carambola) and its potential for phytoextraction. | averrhoa carambola is a high-biomass tropical tree that has been identified as a cd accumulator. in the present study, field survey, pot, and hydroponic experiments were conducted to investigate the variation of cd tolerance and accumulation in cultivars of a. carambola as well as its potential for phytoextraction. in the field survey, it was found that concentrations of cd in aerial tissues of a. carambola varied greatly among sites and cultivars. the cd bioconcentration factors (bcfs) and cd r ... | 2014 | 20830914 |
| severe encephalopathy after ingestion of star fruit juice in a patient with chronic renal failure admitted to the intensive care unit. | star fruit (averrhoa carambola) is a popular tropical fruit that is usually consumed as fresh fruit or fruit juice. consumption of star fruit by patients with chronic renal failure can lead to neurologic symptoms. the present report describes the clinical course, management, and outcome of a patient with chronic renal failure admitted to an intensive care unit after ingestion of star fruit juice 2 days before hospital admission. a case of nausea, vomiting, intractable hiccups, and severe encepha ... | 2010 | 20561840 |
| phytoextraction of cd-contaminated soil by carambola (averrhoa carambola) in field trials. | use of metal-accumulating woody species to extract metals from heavy metal contaminated soil has received more attention. while considerable studies have focused on the phytoextraction potential of willow (salix spp.) and poplar (populus spp.), similar information is rare for other woody species. carambola (averrhoa carambola) is a high-biomass tree and has been identified as a new cd-accumulating species. the present study aimed to evaluate the cd phytoextraction potential of carambola under fi ... | 2009 | 19541343 |
| [star fruit (averrhoa carambola) toxic encephalopathy]. | ingestion of star fruit (averrhoa carambola) can induce severe intoxication in subjects with chronic renal failure. oxalate plays a key role in the neurotoxicity of star fruit. we report the cases of two patients with unknown chronic renal insufficiency who developed severe encephalopathy after ingestion of star fruit. the two patients developed intractable hiccups, vomiting, impaired consciousness and status epilepticus. diffusion-weighted mr imaging showed cortical and thalamic hyperintense le ... | 2009 | 18755486 |
| [intoxication with averrhoa carambola in a patient on chronic dialysis]. | | 2008 | 18336152 |
| management of star fruit-induced neurotoxicity and seizures in a patient with chronic renal failure. | an 84-year-old asian woman with hypertension and chronic renal failure was evaluated for incoherent speech, followed by intermittent interruptions of consciousness, and then status epilepticus after ingesting one star fruit (averrhoa carambola) each day for 3 days. conventional first-line anticonvulsants and hemodialysis were administered without significant control of the patient's seizures. treatment was started with propofol, an intravenous agent that induces anesthesia with rapid onset and e ... | 2006 | 16506356 |
| cadmium contamination in orchard soils and fruit trees and its potential health risk in guangzhou, china. | this study examines cadmium (cd) contamination in orchard soils and fruit trees in guangzhou, china, and assesses its potential health risk. soils and tissues samples of three species of fruit trees were collected from three orchards. the average soil cd concentration was 1.27, 1.84 and 0.68 mg/kg in orchards i, ii, and iii, respectively. the carambola (averrhoa carambola) accumulated exceptionally high concentrations of cd (7.57, 10.84, 9.01 and 2.15 mg/kg dw in root, twig, leaf and fruit, resp ... | 2006 | 16377042 |
| pectinesterase inhibitor from jelly-fig (ficus awkeotsang makino) achenes reduces methanol content in carambola wine. | crude pectinesterase (pe) inhibitor (pei) extracted from jelly-fig achenes (jfa) (ficus awakeosang makino) was added to carambola (averrhoa carambola l.) puree to determine the change in methanol production during fermentation. addition of pectin or microbial pectic enzyme to puree increased dose-dependently the methanol content in fermented products. decreasing ratio (from 1:0 to 1:19, v:v) of pectic enzyme to diluted crude pei solution in the puree-enzyme mixture decreased the pe activity rema ... | 2005 | 16302769 |
| non-convulsive status epilepticus and consciousness disturbance after star fruit (averrhoa carambola) ingestion in a dialysis patient. | star fruit ingestion may induce severe neurological complications in chronic renal failure patients. we present a case on maintenance dialysis therapy who developed a consciousness disturbance without convulsion after eating star fruit. the symptoms became aggravated after haemodialysis. the brain computed tomography scan showed no abnormal findings, but the electroencephalogram found active focal sharp waves in the left central regions and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging also show ... | 2004 | 15663637 |
| purification and properties of a beta-galactosidase from carambola fruit with significant activity towards cell wall polysaccharides. | beta-galactosidase (ec. 3.2.1.23) from ripe carambola (averrhoa carambola l. cv. b10) fruit was fractionated through a combination of ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography into four isoforms, viz. beta-galactosidase i, ii, iii and iv. this beta-galactosidases had apparent native molecular masses of 84, 77, 58 and 130 kda, respectively. beta-galactosidase i, the predominant isoform, was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity; analysis of the protein by sds-page revealed two subunits wit ... | 2005 | 15652572 |
| characterization and physicochemical properties of some potential fibres derived from averrhoa carambola. | the pomace of averrhoa carambola (carambola) was found to possess a high level of insoluble fibre-rich fractions (frfs) including insoluble dietary fibre, alcohol-insoluble solid, and water-insoluble solid (46.0-58.2 g/100 g of pomace). these frfs were mainly composed of pectic substances and hemicellulose. the physicochemical properties of these frfs (e.g., water-holding capacities, swelling properties, and cation-exchange capacities) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those of cellulose ... | 2004 | 15053350 |
| analysis of polyphenolic antioxidants in star fruit using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. | our previous study indicated that star fruit (averrhoa carambola l.) is a very good source of natural antioxidants. however, it was still not clear which compounds were responsible for its antioxidant properties. the purpose of this study is to separate and identify compounds that contribute to total antioxidant activity in star fruit using hplc and mass spectrometry (ms). hplc coupled with a diode array detector (dad) was used to characterise antioxidant peak in the juice or residue extract thr ... | 2004 | 14753772 |
| star fruit intoxication in uraemic patients: case series and review of the literature. | star fruit, belonging to the oxalidaceae family, species averrhoa carambola, is a popular fruit among orientals. there have been reports of hiccup, confusion, and occasional fatal outcomes in uraemic patients after ingestion of star fruit. an excitatory neurotoxin from star fruit has been implicated although the exact nature of this toxic substance has not been identified. a group of seven patients is described from the dialysis centres at queen mary and tung wah hospitals who developed symptoms ... | 2003 | 12823678 |
| enzymatic carotenoid cleavage in star fruit (averrhoa carambola). | this paper presents the first description of an enzyme fraction exhibiting carotenoid cleavage activity isolated from fruit skin of averrhoa carambola. partial purification of the enzyme could be achieved by acetone precipitation, ultrafiltration (300 kda, 50 kda), isoelectric focusing (ph 3-10) and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (7.5%). in this way, an enzymatically active protein fraction was obtained, consisting of four proteins in the molecular weight range of betw ... | 2003 | 12711133 |
| intoxication by star fruit (averrhoa carambola) in 32 uraemic patients: treatment and outcome. | clinical symptoms and outcomes of uraemic patients ingesting star fruit are quite variable and may progress to death. the purpose of the present report was to discuss the neurotoxic effects of star fruit intoxication in uraemic patients and to present the efficacy of different therapeutic approaches. | 2003 | 12480969 |
| star fruit (averrhoa carambola) intoxication: an important cause of consciousness disturbance in patients with renal failure. | star fruit intoxication is a rare cause of consciousness disturbance in patients with renal failure. most cases in the literature are uremic patients on maintenance dialysis. we present a patient with chronic renal failure, who was not on dialysis program yet, suffered from star fruit intoxication with presentation of consciousness disturbance and successfully managed by a session of hemodialysis. | 2002 | 12166706 |
| effect of temperature on enzymatic and physiological factors related to chilling injury in carambola fruit (averrhoa carambola l.). | three groups of carambola fruits (averrhoa carambola l.) were stored at 2 and 10 degrees c (85-90% relative humidity). the major physicochemical, physiological, and enzymatic responses of fruit were measured in each group over a 30-day period: chilling injury index (cii), decay (%), intracuticular waxes, cuticle permeability, pulp firmness, weight loss, sucrose, fructose and glucose contents, ion electrolyte leakage in pulp (%), ethylene and carbon dioxide production rates, and the activities of ... | 2001 | 11573941 |
| fatal outcome after ingestion of star fruit (averrhoa carambola) in uremic patients. | clinical outcome of dialysis patients after eating star fruit (averrhoa carambola) varies, but it may be fatal. in the past 10 years, 20 such patients were treated in our hospital when they developed clinical symptoms after eating the fruit or drinking star fruit juice. their initial presentations included sudden-onset limb numbness, muscle weakness, intractable hiccups, consciousness disturbance of various degrees, and seizure. no other major events that might be responsible for these symptoms ... | 2000 | 10676715 |
| depressant action of averrhoa carambola. | | 1980 | 7191048 |