| an account of the ticks of the northeastern of spain (acarina: ixodidae). | the tick species commonly collected at the northeast of spain are reported in this paper. data on hosts, temperature and humidity requirements, vegetation relationships, altitudinal distribution, and seasonal activity are included. r. sanguineus is commonly collected in areas with mediterranean vegetation, esteppe, and semi-desertic esteppe, ranging from 190 to 1,000 meters above the sea level. r. sanguineus is related with sparse vegetal areas, and it is absent from areas with dense shrub or fo ... | 1992 | 1290375 |
| isolation of functional rna from plant tissues rich in phenolic compounds. | a method for the isolation of rna from different tissues of trees (seedlings, saplings, and adult trees) is described. using this procedure it is possible to remove large amounts of disturbing polyphenolic compounds from nucleic acids. the method involves an acetone treatment of the freeze-dried and powdered plant material, the use of high salt concentrations in the extraction buffer and an aqueous two-phase system. these steps were combined with the conventional phenol/chloroform extraction and ... | 1991 | 1719845 |
| bacterial degradation of lignified wood cell walls in anaerobic aquatic habitats. | test blocks of beech (fagus sylvatica) and scots pine (pinus sylvestris) were buried in fresh, brackish, and seawater anaerobic muds for periods ranging between 1 and 18 months. at appropriate time intervals the test blocks were recovered and examined for changes in weight and for bacterial attack of lignified wood cell walls. only small weight losses occurred. scanning electron microscopy studies revealed that there was extensive superficial bacterial erosion of beech wood cell walls. the decay ... | 1983 | 6639026 |
| comparative phylogeography and postglacial colonization routes in europe. | the quaternary cold periods in europe are thought to have heavily influenced the amount and distribution of intraspecific genetic variation in both animals and plants. the phylogeographies of 10 taxa, including mammals (ursus arctos, sorex spp., crocidura suaveolens, arvicola spp.), amphibians (triturus spp.), arthropods (chorthippus parallelus), and plants (abies alba, picea abies, fagus sylvatica, quercus spp.), were analysed to elucidate general trends across europe. only a small degree of co ... | 1998 | 9628000 |
| high genetic diversity in a population of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete laccaria amethystina in a 150-year-old beech forest | the genetic structure of a population of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete laccaria amethystina (bolt. ex hooker) murr. was assessed in a closed 150-year-old beech (fagus sylvatica l.) forest in the vosges mountains in northeastern france. during the autumn of 1994 and 1997, sporophores were collected from three 100-m2 sampling plots located along a 120-m transect crossing the beech stand. the genetic variation of 676 sporophores was initially estimated using heteroduplex analysis of the ribosom ... | 1999 | 10632852 |
| genetic variation of european beech (fagus sylvatica l.) along an altitudinal transect at mount vogelsberg in hesse, germany. | allelic and genotypic variation at 13 different enzyme loci of autochthonous european beech (fagus sylvatica l.) was investigated in six 110-160-year-old stands growing at elevations between 150 and 660 m above sea level on the western slope of mount vogelsberg in central germany. the highest elevated population showed the highest number of effective alleles (ne), the highest total heterozygosity (he) and the highest population differentiation deltat. also, the genotype skd-a2a3 of shikimate deh ... | 2000 | 10972774 |
| ozone exposure thresholds and foliar injury on forest plants in switzerland. | canton ticino in southern switzerland is exposed to some of the highest concentrations of tropospheric ozone in europe. during recent field surveys in canton ticino, foliar symptoms identical to those caused by ozone have been documented on native tree and shrub species. in europe, the critical ozone level for forest trees has been defined at an aot40 of 10 ppm.h o3 (10 ppm.h accumulated exposure of ozone over a threshold of 40 ppb) during daylight hours over a six-month growing season. the obje ... | 2001 | 11202736 |
| temperature response of leaf photosynthetic capacity in seedlings from seven temperate tree species. | seedlings of seven temperate tree species (acer pseudoplatanus l., betula pendula roth, fagus sylvatica l., fraxinus excelsior l., juglans regia l., quercus petraea matt. liebl. and quercus robur l.) were grown in a nursery under neutral filters transmitting 45% of incident global irradiance. during the second or third year of growth, leaf photosynthetic capacity (i.e., maximal carboxylation rate, vcmax, maximal photosynthetic electron transport rate, jmax, and dark respiration, rd) was estimate ... | 2001 | 11276416 |
| a new protein phosphatase 2c (fspp2c1) induced by abscisic acid is specifically expressed in dormant beechnut seeds. | an abscisic acid (aba)-induced cdna fragment encoding a putative protein phosphatase 2c (pp2c) was obtained by means of differential reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction approach. the full-length clone was isolated from a cdna library constructed using mrna from aba-treated beechnut (fagus sylvatica) seeds. this clone presents all the features of plant type pp2c and exhibits homology to members of this family such as athpp2ca (61%), abi1 (48%), or abi2 (47%), therefore it was named fs ... | 2001 | 11299374 |
| seasonal dynamics of soil carbon dioxide efflux and simulated rhizosphere respiration in a beech forest. | respiration of the rhizosphere in a beech (fagus sylvatica l.) forest was calculated by subtracting microbial respiration associated with organic matter decomposition from daily mean soil co2 efflux. we used a semi-mechanistic soil organic matter model to simulate microbial respiration, which was validated against "no roots" data from trenched subplots. rhizosphere respiration exhibited pronounced seasonal variation from 0.2 g c m(-2) day(-1) in january to 2.3 g c m(-2) day(-1) in july. rhizosph ... | 2001 | 11303645 |
| fate of nitrogen released from 15n-labeled litter in european beech forests. | the decomposition and fate of 15n-labeled beech litter was monitored in three european beech (fagus sylvatica l.) forests (aubure, france; ebrach, germany; and collelongo, italy) for 3 years. circular plots around single beech trees were isolated from roots of neighboring trees by soil trenching, and annual litterfall was replaced by 15n-labeled litter. nitrogen was continuously released from the decomposing litter. however, over a 2-year period, this release was balanced by the incorporation of ... | 2001 | 11303646 |
| variation of gas exchange within native plant species of switzerland and relationships with ozone injury: an open-top experiment. | gas exchange and ozone-induced foliar injury were intensively measured during a 6-day period in mid-august 1998 on leaves of acer pseudoplatanus, betula pendula, corylus avellana, fagus sylvatica, fraxinus excelsior, morus nigra, prunus avium, prunus serotina, rhamnus cathartica, and viburnum lantana at a forest nursery site in canton ticino, switzerland. plants were grown in four open plots (aa), four open-top chambers receiving carbon-filtered (cf) air, and four receiving non-filtered (nf) air ... | 2001 | 11383335 |
| molecular identification of fine roots of trees from the alps: reliable and fast dna extraction and pcr-rflp analyses of plastid dna. | fine roots of trees are intensively used as indicators to assess soil alterations, e.g. those owing to atmospheric inputs of acidifying substances, but their identification to species with morphological criteria is difficult. in this study, we established molecular techniques in order to identify fine roots of the 30 most common tree species of the alps. we developed a protocol for efficient isolation of dna from fine roots with extraction of dna in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (pvp) and ... | 2001 | 11555251 |
| canopy gradients in delta(18)o of organic matter as ecophysiological tool. | we determined vertical oxygen isotope gradients of leaf organic matter for a grassland in switzerland and a mountain beech forest (fagus sylvatica) in northern italy. a distinctly positive (18)o/(16)o gradient with height above ground was found for the grassland (7.9/1000 m(-1), p < 0.001), whereas the gradient was negative for the forest (-0.077/1000 m(-1), p < 0.001). the results are consistent with microclimatic measurements, although large isotope variations between the species have to be ta ... | 2001 | 11558653 |
| phenolics in selected european hardwood species by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. | the phenols in beech (fagus sylvatica), birch (betula pendula) and ash (fraxinus excelsior) wood dusts were compared using a mass spectrometer fitted with an electrospray ionisation interface with liquid chromatographic separation. hardwood dust is a carcinogen, and an analysis of the polyphenol profile is a useful method for identifying the dust source in workplace air. the mass spectrometer was operated in both the negative and positive ion modes. phenolic compounds were identified by comparin ... | 2001 | 11592645 |
| ga(3)-induced expression of a new functional aaa-atpase (fsa1) is correlated with the onset of germination in fagus sylvatica l. seeds (beechnuts). | a full-length cdna clone, named fsa1, has been isolated from a cdna library constructed using mrna from fagus sylvatica l. dormant seeds (beechnuts). this clone shows high identity with members of the aaa superfamily, for atpases associated with a variety of cellular activities, encoding subunit 8 of the 26s proteasome or tat binding proteins (tbps). direct biochemical evidence supporting mg(2+)-dependent atpase activity has been obtained by expressing fsa1 in escherichia coli as histidine tag f ... | 2002 | 11828019 |
| differences in salt sensitivity of four deciduous tree species to soil or airborne salt. | seedlings of four deciduous tree species maple (acer pseudoplatanus), beech (fagus sylvatica), horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum) and lime (tilia cordata) were exposed to de-icing salt (nacl) either through the soil or applied to the above ground plant parts. a soil solution of 1.65 g l-1 nacl was maintained from the start of the experiment in january 1999 until termination in june 1999. the main effects caused by salt treatment through the soil were a reduction in photosynthesis of up to 5 ... | 2002 | 11903969 |
| influence of odor from wood-decaying fungi on host selection behavior of deathwatch beetle, xestobium rufovillosum. | adult females of xestobium rufovillosum de geer demonstrated anemotactic orientation when exposed to an odor plume containing volatiles generated by wood-decaying fungi (coriolus versicolor, donkioporia expansa) and decayed oak wood (quercus petraea, quercus robur). they did not orient towards undecayed oak wood, beech (fagus sylvatica), or pine wood (pinus sylvestris). although all insects tested showed anemotactic orientation, responses were nonlinear with respect to insect age. adult females ... | 2002 | 12035923 |
| molecular cloning of a functional protein phosphatase 2c (fspp2c2) with unusual features and synergistically up-regulated by aba and calcium in dormant seeds of fagus sylvatica. | phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of proteins is a general mechanism of hormonal signal transduction, including aba, and serine/threonine protein phosphatases 2c (pp2c, ec 3.1.3.16) have been suggested to play an important role in this process. by means of differential reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and further screening of a cdna library made from mrna of aba-treated fagus sylvatica l. seeds, a full-length cdna clone (fspp2c2) encoding a putative pp2c was obtained. com ... | 2002 | 12060271 |
| decline in diversity and abundance of endophytic fungi in twigs of fagus sylvatica l. after experimental long-term exposure to sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate (sdbs) aerosol. | sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate (sdbs) is an anionic synthetic detergent found in polluted sea aerosol and is known for its harmful effects on leaf surface ultrastructure on conifers and broadleaved trees. four-year-old saplings of european beech were sprayed weekly for three consecutive growing seasons with either a 50 mg l(-1) solution of sdbs in deionized water or with pure deionized water (control). two- to three- year-old twigs were collected from sdbs-treated and control plants during the ... | 2002 | 12460277 |
| the effect of drought on mycorrhizas of beech (fagus sylvatica l.): changes in community structure, and the content of carbohydrates and nitrogen storage bodies of the fungi. | in a water-exclusion experiment, five different ecotypes of beech (fagus sylvatica l.; representing regions of different environmental and climatic conditions in baden-württemberg, germany) were subjected to drought conditions of different severity between july and september of two consecutive years. drought stress as characterised by the water content and the pre-dawn water potential of the leaves was related to the degree of mycorrhization, the type of ectomycorrhiza, and the physiological pro ... | 2002 | 12466918 |
| comparison of different methods for lignin determination as a basis for calibration of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy and implications of lignoproteins. | three commonly employed methods for lignin determination, i.e., the thioglycolic acid (tga), the acetylbromide (ab), and the acid detergent fiber (adf) method, were compared using leaves and xylem tissue from five species (nicotiana tabacum, populus x canescens, fagus sylvatica, quercus robur, and picea abies). in each case, cell walls were isolated before lignin determination. each of the three methods estimated a different lignin concentration in a given tissue, except for spruce wood. the "li ... | 2002 | 12564795 |
| maldi-tof mass spectrometry and psd fragmentation as means for the analysis of condensed tannins in plant leaves and needles. | maldi-tof mass spectrometry and 13c nmr spectroscopy were applied to unveil typical characteristics of condensed tannins of leaves and needles from willow (salix alba), spruce (picea abies) and beech (fagus sylvatica) of three tree species that are ubiquitous in german forests and landscapes. for further evaluation, lime (tilia cordata) was included. the 13c nmr spectroscopy confirmed the purity of the condensed tannin fractions and the efficiency of the procedure used for their extraction. whil ... | 2003 | 12591272 |
| stoichiometry of foliar carbon constituents varies along light gradients in temperate woody canopies: implications for foliage morphological plasticity. | foliar morphology and chemical composition were examined along a light gradient in the canopies of five deciduous temperate woody species, ranked according to shade-tolerance as populus tremula l. < fraxinus excelsior l. < tilia cordata mill. = corylus avellana l. < fagus sylvatica l. foliar carbon was divided between structural (cell-wall polysaccharides, lignin) and nonstructural (proteins, ethanol-soluble carbohydrates, starch) fractions. foliar morphology of all species was strongly affected ... | 1998 | 12651358 |
| a model of dry matter partitioning in trees. | in mechanistic growth models, the description of assimilate allocation or dry matter partitioning plays a key role. although theoretical concepts of allocation exist, they include many parameters that cannot be quantified. therefore, many growth models use descriptive keys that represent the proportions of dry matter or carbohydrates assigned to each plant component. i have developed a model to describe the dynamic partitioning of dry matter in individual trees, and used it to investigate the ef ... | 1998 | 12651393 |
| nitrogen-related root variables of trees along an n-deposition gradient in europe. | we measured fine root n concentration, root in vivo nitrate reductase activity (nra) and root uptake capacity for (15)nh(4) (+) and (15)no(3) (-) along an n-deposition gradient from northern sweden to central europe, encompassing a variation in n deposition rates of < 5 to about 40 kg n ha(-1) year(-1). the focus was on picea abies (l.) karst., but fagus sylvatica l. in central europe and pinus sylvestris l. and betula spp. in northern sweden were also studied. we assumed that, with an increased ... | 1998 | 12651404 |
| volume growth and survival graphs: a method for evaluating process-based forest growth models. | we investigated the relationships within forest stands between tree size and (a) stem volume growth rate and (b) risk of mortality for individual trees. values of both x and y variables were plotted relative to the largest value in the stand. we refer to the resultant presentations as relative volume growth and relative survival graphs (vgss). a pair of vgss can be produced readily from an individual-tree growth model. it can also be constructed from consecutive sets of field measurements. compa ... | 2000 | 12651451 |
| epiphytic lichens as sentinels for heavy metal pollution at forest ecosystems (central italy). | the results of a study using epiphytic lichens (parmelia caperata) as sentinels for heavy metal deposition at six selected forest ecosystems of central italy are reported. the woods investigated are characterized by holm oak (quercus ilex), turkey oak (quercus cerris) and beech (fagus sylvatica) and represent the typical forest ecosystems of central italy at low, medium and high elevations, respectively. the results showed that levels of heavy metals in lichens were relatively low and consequent ... | 2003 | 12685761 |
| physiology-based phenology models for forest tree species in germany. | models of phenology are needed for the projection of effects of a changing climate on, for example, forest production, species competition, vegetation-atmosphere feedback and public health. a new phenology model for deciduous tree bud burst is developed and parameters are determined for a wide geographical range (germany) and several forest tree species. the new model is based on considerations of simple interactions between inhibitory and promotory agents that are assumed to control the develop ... | 2003 | 12698325 |
| ecophysiological relevance of cuticular transpiration of deciduous and evergreen plants in relation to stomatal closure and leaf water potential. | the water permeability of the leaves of three deciduous plants (acer campestre, fagus sylvatica, quercus petraea) and two evergreen plants (hedera helix, ilex aquifolium) was analysed in order to assess its role as a mechanism of drought resistance. cuticular permeances were determined by measurement of the water loss through adaxial, astomatous leaf surfaces. minimum conductances after complete stomatal closure were obtained by leaf drying curves. the comparison of the water permeabilities dete ... | 2003 | 12815029 |
| crown condition surveys in italian forests: issues in reporting findings. | this study examines defoliation and discoloration findings collected throughout the italian level i network between 1997 and 2000. prior to this period no quality assurance procedures had been implemented, so that earlier findings cannot be considered reliable. the aim of the study is to compare different indices used in reporting findings, in order to determine the full potential and limitations of each. in international surveys, findings are normally expressed in terms of individual trees pres ... | 2003 | 12841687 |
| spatial variation in springtime food resources influences the winter body mass of roe deer fawns. | it is well established that the dynamics of mammalian populations vary in time, in relation to density and weather, and often in interaction with phenotypic differences (sex, age and social status). habitat quality has recently been identified as another significant source of individual variability in vital rates of deer, including roe deer where spatial variations in fawn body mass were found to be only about a tenth of temporal variations. the approach used was to classify the habitat into blo ... | 2003 | 12920639 |
| phytophthora pseudosyringae sp. nov., a new species causing root and collar rot of deciduous tree species in europe. | in several studies of oak decline in europe, a semi-papillate homothallic phytophthora taxon was consistently isolated, together with other phytophthora species, from rhizosphere soil samples. it was also found associated with necrotic fine roots and stem necroses of fagus sylvatica and alnus glutinosa. due to morphological and physiological similarities, the semi-papillate isolates were previously identified as p. syringae by various authors. the morphology, physiology and pathogenicity against ... | 2003 | 12967204 |
| the timing of bud burst and its effect on tree growth. | a phenology model for estimating the timings of bud burst--one of the most influential phenological phases for the simulation of tree growth--is presented in this study. the model calculates the timings of the leafing of beech (fagus sylvatica l.) and oak (quercus robur l.) and the may shoot of norway spruce (picea abies l.) and scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) on the basis of the daily maximum temperature. the data for parameterisation and validation of the model have been taken from 40 climate ... | 2004 | 14564495 |
| detecting differences in crown transparency assessments between countries using the image analysis system croco. | estimates of crown transparency calculated using the semi-automatic image analysis system croco were compared with the visual estimates of survey teams from 12 european countries. for each of five european species (norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.), silver fir (abies alba mill.), scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.), beech (fagus sylvatica l.), oak (quercus robur l.)) 15 trees were assessed. in 64% of the comparisons, croco estimates and the survey teams' scores differed significantly, while d ... | 2003 | 14632089 |
| measuring and modelling plant area index in beech stands. | for some beech ( fagus sylvatica l.) stands with different stand densities the plant area index (pai) was measured by means of a licor lai-2000 plant canopy analyser. the stands are located on the slopes of a valley in south-west germany and had been treated by different types of silvicultural management (heavy shelterwood felling, light shelterwood felling, control plot). the analyser was used (a) to investigate the light conditions on plots of the same thinning regime, (b) to quantify the diff ... | 2004 | 14750004 |
| leaching of dissolved organic carbon and carbon dioxide emission after compost application to six nutrient-depleted forest soils. | the objective of this study was to assess the effect of compost application on soil respiration and dissolved organic carbon (doc) output of nutrient-depleted forest soils. an amount of 6.3 kg m(-2) mature compost was applied to the forest floor of european beech (fagus sylvatica l.), norway spruce (picea abies karst.), and scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) stands at soiling and unterlüss, germany. cumulative soil respiration significantly increased by 499 g c m(-2) in the spruce stand at unterlü ... | 2004 | 14964362 |
| geographic distribution of chloroplast variation in italian populations of beech (fagus sylvatica l.). | the distribution of chloroplast dna (cpdna) variation in italian beech ( fagus sylvatica l.) populations was studied using pcr-rflp and microsatellite markers. in total, 67 populations were analysed, and 14 haplotypes were identified by combining the two marker types. a remarkable subdivision of cpdna diversity in italian beech was found, as indicated by a high level of genetic differentiation ( g(st)=0.855). the highest level of total haplotype diversity ( h(t)=0.822) was estimated for southern ... | 2004 | 15014873 |
| evidence of a cross-talk regulation of a ga 20-oxidase (fsga20ox1) by gibberellins and ethylene during the breaking of dormancy in fagus sylvatica seeds. | gibberellin 20-oxidase (ga 20-oxidase) is an enzyme that catalyses the last three steps in the synthesis of active gas and is a potential control point in the regulation of ga biosynthesis. reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction with degenerated oligonucleotides conserved among ga 20-oxidases was used to isolate a cdna clone for this enzyme in fagus sylvatica l. seeds. this clone contains all the features and exhibits homology to ga 20 oxidases from several plant species. expression of ... | 2004 | 15032824 |
| forest health status in the carpathian mountains over the period 1997-2001. | the results of forest health status assessments in the carpathian mountains from the monitoring networks developed by the european union scheme on the protection of forest against atmospheric pollution (eu scheme) and international co-operative programme on assessment and monitoring of air pollution effects on forests (icp-forests), have led to a better understanding of the impact of air pollution and other stressors on forests at the regional scale. during the period 1997-2001, forests in the c ... | 2004 | 15046844 |
| a comparison of lead isotope ratios in the bark pockets and annual rings of two beech trees collected in derbyshire and south yorkshire, uk. | icp-ms analysis of the bark pockets and annual rings of two beech (fagus sylvatica l.) trees collected from longshaw, derbyshire and swinton, south yorkshire in the uk recorded differences in the (206)pb/(207)pb isotope ratio. in the longshaw sample, the (206)pb/(207)pb isotope ratio of the bark pockets ( approximately 1914-1998, 78-260 microg g(-1) pb) declined from approximately 1.16 to 1.12, whilst the annual rings (1899-1998, 0.2-2.5 microg g(-1) pb) had a (206)pb/(207)pb ratio of approximat ... | 2004 | 15050389 |
| ozone exposure-response relationships for biomass and root/shoot ratio of beech (fagus sylvatica), ash (fraxinus excelsior), norway spruce (picea abies) and scots pine (pinus sylvestris). | current-year seedlings of beech, ash, norway spruce and scots pine were exposed during one growing season to different, but moderate, ozone (o(3)) scenarios representative for switzerland (50, 85, 100% ambient, 50% ambient+30 nl l(-1)) in open-top chambers (otcs) and to ambient o(3) concentrations in the field. biomass significantly decreased with increasing o(3) dose in all species except for spruce. losses of 25.5% (ash), 17.4% (beech), 9.9% (scots pine) were found per 10 microl l(-1) h accumu ... | 2000 | 15092880 |
| assessing the use of delta(13)c natural abundance in separation of root and microbial respiration in a danish beech (fagus sylvatica l.) forest. | our understanding of forest biosphere-atmosphere interactions is fundamental for predicting forest ecosystem responses to climatic changes. currently, however, our knowledge is incomplete partly due to inability to separate the major components of soil co(2) effluxes, viz. root respiration, microbial decomposition of soil organic matter and microbial decomposition of litter material. in this study we examined whether the delta(13)c characteristics of solid organic matter and respired co(2) from ... | 2004 | 15095359 |
| comparisons of delta13c of photosynthetic products and ecosystem respiratory co2 and their responses to seasonal climate variability. | this study investigated the relationship between delta13c of ecosystem components, soluble plant carbohydrates and the isotopic signature of ecosystem respired co2 (delta13cr) during seasonal changes in soil and atmospheric moisture in a beech (fagus sylvatica l.) forest in the central apennine mountains, italy. decrease in soil moisture and increase in air vapour pressure deficit during summer correlated with substantial increase in delta13c of leaf and phloem sap soluble sugars. increases in d ... | 2004 | 15150655 |
| photoinhibition in seedlings of fraxinus and fagus under natural light conditions: implications for forest regeneration? | ash (fraxinus excelsior l.) and beech (fagus sylvatica l.) seedlings were grown in the field under three levels of natural light: (1) open, (2) gap and (3) shade. light acclimation of photosynthesis was characterized by means of modulated chlorophyll a fluorescence of intact leaves and growth parameters were measured at the end of the growing season. measurements of maximum photochemical efficiency (fv/fm) of dark-adapted leaves at intervals through the day showed that ash had a higher fv/fm tha ... | 2004 | 15150656 |
| determination of herbicides in stemflow and throughfall of beeches (fagus sylvatica l.) and in rainfall. | the pesticide contamination of water samples collected in and nearby a beech forest in northern germany was evaluated. for this purpose, a method for the collection of water samples from stemflow and throughfall of beeches (fagus sylvatica l.) and rainfall was developed in response to the demands for the analysis of organic contaminants in water samples. furthermore a sensitive and selective multiresidue method was developed to determine 18 pesticides, frequently used in germany, in aqueous samp ... | 2004 | 15519401 |
| spatial variability of throughfall water under beech (fagus sylvatica l.). | | 2004 | 15560239 |
| quantifying ozone uptake and its effects on the stand level of common beech (fagus sylvatica l.) in southern germany. | stand level o(3) fluxes were calculated using water balance calculations for 21 common beech (fagus sylvatica l.) stands and o(3) data from 20 monitoring stations in southern germany. for this intention, the daily loss of water by evapotranspiration per stand area was set against the daily o(3) uptake. during the last 30 years, o(3) uptake ranges between 0 and 187 mmol ha(-1) d(-1) per stand area. cumulative o(3) uptake (cuo(3)), ranging between 0.1 and 0.7 mmol m(-2) yr(-1) per stand area, show ... | 2005 | 15572218 |
| leaf morphology and chemistry in fagus sylvatica (beech) trees as affected by site factors and ozone: results from conecofor permanent monitoring plots in italy. | during summer 2001, leaf samples were collected from seven beech stands that are part of the italian network of permanent monitoring plots (conecofor). in each plot, sun leaves from the upper crown were collected from five trees and subjected to chemical analysis (c, n, p, s, k, ca and mg) and morphological analysis (area, dry mass, thickness and thickness of individual tissues). based on the measurements, nutrient ratios (n/c, n/k, n/p, n/ca, n/mg, k/ca, mg/ca), sclerophylly indices (leaf mass ... | 2005 | 15574402 |
| variation in throughfall deposition across a deciduous beech (fagus sylvatica l.) forest edge in flanders. | throughfall deposition and canopy exchange of acidifying and eutrophying compounds and major base cations were studied by means of throughfall analysis in a deciduous beech (fagus sylvatica l.) forest edge in belgium over a period of 1 year. throughfall fluxes of cl(-), nh(4)(+) and na(+) were significantly elevated at the forest edge compared to the forest interior. as no edge effect on throughfall water volume could be detected, the observed edge enhancement effects were mainly due to dry depo ... | 2005 | 15626394 |
| effects of management on understory diversity in the forest ecosystems of northern spain. | pine plantations are an alternative to marginal agriculture in many countries, and are often presented as an option that improves biodiversity. however, these plantations can have adverse environmental effects if improperly managed. to evaluate the effect of forest management practices on biodiversity, the diversity, species richness, dominance and frequency of understory woody plant species in different forests of the basque country (northern spain) were compared. plantations of exotic conifers ... | 2004 | 15726282 |
| interspecific interactions between the rare tooth fungi creolophus cirrhatus, hericium erinaceus and h. coralloides and other wood decay species in agar and wood. | creolophus cirrhatus, hericium erinaceus and h. coralloides were paired against over 20 other wood decay fungi from beech (fagus sylvatica) covering a range of ecological strategies, on 2% malt agar (ma), 0.5% ma, 0.5% ma adjusted to -1.25 mpa by addition of kcl, 0.5% ma adjusted to ph 4 with koh/h3po4 and 0.5% ma under 5% o2/30% co2 all at 20 degrees c. creolophus cirrhatus and h. coralloides were also paired against 17 other species in wood, incubated at 20 degrees for 36-38 wk. they were aver ... | 2004 | 15757181 |
| first report of eotetranychus fagi in belgium. | eotetranychus fagi (acari: tetranychidae) was first recorded in belgium on fagus sylvatica in kortrijk in october 2002. in the autumn of 2003 e. fagi was noticed again at several locations in flanders. because f. sylvatica is often used as hedge plants in private gardens, it is expected that further spread of this spider mite will occur in the next few years. | 2004 | 15759433 |
| the effects of humic substances on pinus callus are reversed by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. | the reversal of humic matter-induced inhibition of callus growth and metabolism by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) was studied in pinus laricio. two forest humic fractions (relative molecular mass (mr) > 3500), derived from soil under fagus sylvatica (fs) and abies alba (aa) plantation, were used. pinus laricio callus was grown for a subculture period (4 weeks) on basal murashige and skoog (ms) medium plus forest humic matters (fs or aa), at a concentration of 1 mg c/l, and then was trans ... | 2005 | 15898502 |
| fine roots in stands of fagus sylvatica and picea abies along a gradient of soil acidification. | root length of naturally grown young beech trees (fagus sylvatica l.) was investigated in 26 forest plots of differing base saturation and nitrogen deposition. the relative length of finest roots (<0.25 mm) was found to decrease in soils with low base saturation. a similar reduction of finest roots in plots with high nitrogen deposition was masked by the effect of base saturation. the formation of adventitious roots was enhanced in acidic soils. the analysis of 128 soil profiles for fine roots o ... | 2005 | 15964116 |
| inhibition and stimulation effects in communities of wood decay fungi: exudates from colonized wood influence growth by other species. | the effects of exudates from uncolonized and from partly decayed beech wood on the extension rates of 16 later stage decay fungi were investigated. the partly decayed wood had been colonized by the pyrenomycete eutypa spinosa, or the basidiomycetes fomes fomentarius, stereum hirsutum, and trametes versicolor, all known as common early decay agents in european beech forests. sterilized wood pieces were placed onto 0.5% malt agar, opposite to small agar plugs containing the test fungi. the latter ... | 2005 | 16003479 |
| phytophthora kernoviae sp. nov., an invasive pathogen causing bleeding stem lesions on forest trees and foliar necrosis of ornamentals in the uk. | a new phytophthora pathogen of trees and shrubs, previously informally designated phytophthora taxon c, is formally named here as p. kernoviae. p. kernoviae was discovered in late 2003 during surveys of woodlands in cornwall, south-west england, for the presence of another invasive pathogen, p. ramorum. p. kernoviae is self-fertile (homothallic), having plerotic oogonia, often with distinctly tapered stalks and amphigynous antheridia. it produces papillate sporangia, sometimes markedly asymmetri ... | 2005 | 16175787 |
| mycelial responses of hypholoma fasciculare to collembola grazing: effect of inoculum age, nutrient status and resource quality. | the effects of grazing by the collembolan folsomia candida on mycelial foraging patterns of hypholoma fasciculare growing from beech (fagus sylvatica) wood block inocula in trays of non-sterile soil was investigated. the wood inocula differed in size, state of decay (time for which wood has been colonized: 2 yr, 1 yr, 6 and 3 months) and nutrient status (inocula colonized on malt agar or nutrient agar). mycelia were most luxuriant, had greater hyphal coverage and extended more rapidly from 2 yr ... | 2005 | 16175795 |
| species-specific allometric scaling under self-thinning: evidence from long-term plots in forest stands. | experimental plots covering a 120 years' observation period in unthinned, even-aged pure stands of common beech (fagus sylvatica), norway spruce (picea abies), scots pine (pinus sylvestris), and common oak (quercus petraea) are used to scrutinize reineke's (1933) empirically derived stand density rule [see text], n=tree number per unit area, [see text]=mean stem diameter), yoda's (1963) self-thinning law based on euclidian geometry ([see text] [see text]=mean biomass per tree), and basic assumpt ... | 2006 | 16247620 |
| microbial community structure and density under different tree species in an acid forest soil (morvan, france). | overexploitation of forests to increase wood production has led to the replacement of native forest by large areas of monospecific tree plantations. in the present study, the effects of different monospecific tree cover plantations on density and composition of the indigenous soil microbial community are described. the experimental site of "breuil-chenue" in the morvan (france) was the site of a comparison of a similar mineral soil under norway spruce (picea abies), douglas fir (pseudotuga menzi ... | 2005 | 16333717 |
| spatial variability and temporal stability of throughfall deposition under beech (fagus sylvatica l.) in relationship to canopy structure. | although the spatial variability of throughfall (tf) in forest ecosystems can have important ecological implications, little is known about the driving factors of within-stand tf variability, particularly in deciduous forests. while the spatial variability of tf water amount and h+ deposition under a dominant beech (fagus sylvatica l.) tree was significantly higher in the leafed period than in the leafless period, the spatial tf deposition patterns of most major ions were similar in both periods ... | 2006 | 16338040 |
| acclimation to ozone affects host/pathogen interaction and competitiveness for nitrogen in juvenile fagus sylvatica and picea abies trees infected with phytophthora citricola. | in a two-year phytotron study, juvenile trees of european beech (fagus sylvatica) and norway spruce (picea abies) were grown in mixture under ambient and twice ambient ozone (o3) and infected with the root pathogen phytophthora citricola. we investigated the influence of o3 on the trees' susceptibility to the root pathogen and assessed, through a 15n-labelling experiment, the impact of both treatments (o3 exposure and infection) on belowground competitiveness. the hypotheses tested were that: (1 ... | 2005 | 16388467 |
| physiological changes of fagus sylvatica seedlings infected with phytophthora citricola and the contribution of its elicitin "citricolin" to pathogenesis. | beech seedlings were infected with the root rot pathogen phytophthora citricola to study its impact on leaf physiology and water status. net photosynthesis rate decreased two days after inoculation in infected seedlings. in contrast, electron quantum yield of photosystem ii, leaf water potential, and total water consumption were only slightly impaired until 6 dpi. at the same time, wilt symptoms occurred on leaves. these results indicate the involvement of a mobile signal triggering the early ch ... | 2005 | 16388468 |
| beech leaf colonization by the endophyte apiognomonia errabunda dramatically depends on light exposure and climatic conditions. | ozone and light effects on endophytic colonization by apiognomonia errabunda of adult beech trees (fagus sylvatica) and their putative mediation by internal defence compounds were studied at the kranzberg forest free-air ozone fumigation site. a. errabunda colonization was quantified by "real-time pcr" (qpcr). a. errabunda-specific primers allowed detection without interference by dna from european beech and several species of common genera of plant pathogenic fungi, such as mycosphaerella, alte ... | 2005 | 16388469 |
| plant development scores from fixed-date photographs: the influence of weather variables and recorder experience. | in 1944, john willis produced a summary of his meticulous record keeping of weather and plants over the 30 years 1913-1942. this publication contains fixed-date, fixed-subject photography taken on the 1st of each month from january to may, using as subjects snowdrop galanthus nivalis, daffodil narcissus pseudo-narcissus, horse chestnut aesculus hippocastanum and beech fagus sylvatica. we asked 38 colleagues to assess rapidly the plant development in each of these photographs according to a suppl ... | 2006 | 16402207 |
| effects of simultaneous ozone exposure and nitrogen loads on carbohydrate concentrations, biomass, growth, and nutrient concentrations of young beech trees (fagus sylvatica). | beech seedlings were grown under different nitrogen fertilisation regimes (0, 20, 40, and 80 kg nha(-1)yr(-1)) for three years and were fumigated with either charcoal-filtered (f) or ambient air (o3). nitrogen fertilisation increased leaf necroses, aphid infestations, and nutrient ratios in the leaves (n:p and n:k), as a result of decreased phosphorus and potassium concentrations. for plant growth, biomass accumulation, and starch concentrations, a positive nitrogen effect was found, but only fo ... | 2006 | 16458397 |
| grazing by folsomia candida (collembola) differentially affects mycelial morphology of the cord-forming basidiomycetes hypholoma fasciculare, phanerochaete velutina and resinicium bicolor. | cord-forming basidiomycetes are important decomposers of dead wood in forest ecosystems but the impact of mycophagous soil invertebrates on their mycelia are little known. here we investigate the effects of different grazing intensities of collembola (folsomia candida) on mycelial foraging patterns of the saprotrophic cord-forming basidiomycetes hypholoma fasciculare, phanerochaete velutina and resinicium bicolor growing from beech (fagus sylvatica) wood block inocula in dishes of non-sterile so ... | 2006 | 16487694 |
| limited transfer of nitrogen between wood decomposing and ectomycorrhizal mycelia when studied in the field. | transfer of (15)n between interacting mycelia of a wood-decomposing fungus (hypholoma fasciculare) and an ectomycorrhizal fungus (tomentellopsis submollis) was studied in a mature beech (fagus sylvatica) forest. the amount of (15)n transferred from the wood decomposer to the ectomycorrhizal fungus was compared to the amount of (15)n released from the wood-decomposing mycelia into the soil solution as (15)n-nh(4). the study was performed in peat-filled plastic containers placed in forest soil in ... | 2006 | 16598505 |
| characterization of a protein kinase (fspk4) with an acidic domain, regulated by abscisic acid and specifically located in fagus sylvatica l. seeds. | an abscisic acid (aba)-induced cdna fragment encoding a putative serine/threonine protein kinase (pk) was obtained by means of differential reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). the full-length clone (fspk4) was isolated from a cdna library constructed using mrna from aba-treated fagus sylvatica l. seeds. this clone contained the 11 catalytic domains present in all pks and a highly acidic domain in the c-terminus. by expressing fspk4 in escherichia coli as a his tag fusion pr ... | 2006 | 16616587 |
| ophiostoma arduennense sp. nov. (ophiostomatales, ascomycota) from fagus sylvatica in southern belgium. | ophiostoma arduennense sp. nov. is described from several cultures isolated from fagus sylvatica in southern belgium. the species is mainly characterized by globose perithecia with small button-like bases ornamented with brown hyphal hairs of variable length and, long cylindrical necks ending in ostiolate hyphae. it is homothallic with small reniform ascospores and no apparent anamorph. it is closely associated with the ambrosia beetles xyloterus domesticus and x. signatus. its phylogenetic rela ... | 2006 | 16828272 |
| early detection of biscogniauxia nummularia in symptomless european beech (fagus sylvatica l.) by taqman quantitative real-time pcr. | to develop a quantitative real-time pcr (rt pcr) assay for the early detection of biscogniauxia nummularia, a xylariaceous fungus that causes strip-canker and wood decay on european beech (fagus sylvatica l.). | 2006 | 16834718 |
| testing the unifying theory of ozone sensitivity with mature trees of fagus sylvatica and picea abies. | the broad range in plant responses to chronic o(3) exposure compels a search for integrative, underlying principles. one such approach is the unifying theory proposed by reich (1987), which combines the o(3) response of contrasting physiognomic classes of plants on the basis of their intrinsic leaf diffusive conductance and, hence, capacity for o(3) uptake. physiognomic classes differ in the proportional decline in photosynthesis and growth when compared on the basis of cumulative o(3) exposure ... | 2006 | 16877324 |
| natural selection and climate change: temperature-linked spatial and temporal trends in gene frequency in fagus sylvatica. | rapid increases in global temperature are likely to impose strong directional selection on many plant populations, which must therefore adapt if they are to survive. within populations, microgeographic genetic differentiation of individuals with respect to climate suggests that some populations may adapt to changing temperatures in the short-term through rapid changes in gene frequency. we used a genome scan to identify temperature-related adaptive differentiation of individuals of the tree spec ... | 2006 | 16968284 |
| tree species effects on decomposition and forest floor dynamics in a common garden. | we studied the effects of tree species on leaf litter decomposition and forest floor dynamics in a common garden experiment of 14 tree species (abies alba, acer platanoides, acer pseudoplatanus, betula pendula, carpinus betulus, fagus sylvatica, larix decidua, picea abies, pinus nigra, pinus sylvestris, pseudotsuga menziesii, quercus robur, quercus rubra, and tilia cordata) in southwestern poland. we used three simultaneous litter bag experiments to tease apart species effects on decomposition v ... | 2006 | 16995629 |
| does shade improve light interception efficiency? a comparison among seedlings from shade-tolerant and -intolerant temperate deciduous tree species. | here, we tested two hypotheses: shading increases light interception efficiency (lie) of broadleaved tree seedlings, and shade-tolerant species exhibit larger lies than do shade-intolerant ones. the impact of seedling size was taken into account to detect potential size-independent effects on lie. lie was defined as the ratio of mean light intercepted by leaves to light intercepted by a horizontal surface of equal area. seedlings from five species differing in shade tolerance (acer saccharum, be ... | 2006 | 16995917 |
| types of ectomycorrhiza as pollution stress indicators: case studies in slovenia. | mycorrhiza is the main spatial and temporal linkage between different constituents in a forest ecosystem. the functional compatibility and stress tolerance of ectomycorrhizal types is species specific, and therefore the information on the ectomycorrhizal community structure can add to the understanding of processes in forest ecosystems and can also be applied as tools for bioindication of pollution stress in forest soils. we have studied the effects of pollution (n and s) on trees and forest soi ... | 2007 | 17057951 |
| irradiance-induced plasticity in the hydraulic properties of saplings of different temperate broad-leaved forest tree species. | we assessed the irradiance-related plasticity of hydraulic architecture in saplings of betula pendula roth., a pioneer species; acer pseudoplatanus l., fraxinus excelsior l. and quercus robur l., which are post-pioneer light-requiring species; and quercus petraea matt. liebl. and fagus sylvatica l. plants were grown in pots in 36%, 16% and 4% of full sunlight. hydraulic conductance was measured with a high-pressure flow-meter in entire, in situ root systems and in excised shoots. leaf-specific w ... | 2006 | 17169890 |
| nurse plants, tree saplings and grazing pressure: changes in facilitation along a biotic environmental gradient. | current conceptual models predict that an increase in stress shifts interactions between plants from competitive to facilitative; hence, facilitation is expected to gain in ecological importance with increasing stress. little is known about how facilitative interactions between plants change with increasing biotic stress, such as that incurred by consumer pressure or herbivory (i.e. disturbance sensu grime). in grazed ecosystems, the presence of unpalatable plants is reported to protect tree sap ... | 2007 | 17279351 |
| the trophic structure of bark-living oribatid mite communities analysed with stable isotopes ((15)n, (13)c) indicates strong niche differentiation. | the aim of the present study was to identify food sources of bark-living oribatid mites to investigate if trophic niche differentiation contributes to the diversity of bark living oribatida. we measured the natural variation in stable isotope ratios ((15)n/(14)n, (13)c/(12)c) in oribatid mites from the bark of oak (quercus robur), beech (fagus sylvatica), spruce (picea abies) and pine (pinus sylvestris) trees and their potential food sources, i.e., the covering vegetation of the bark (bryophytes ... | 2007 | 17333459 |
| significance of ozone exposure for inter-annual differences in primary metabolites of old-growth beech (fagus sylvatica l.) and norway spruce (picea abies l.) trees in a mixed forest stand. | the influence of long-term free-air ozone fumigation and canopy position on leaf contents of total glutathione, its redox state, non-structural proteins (nsp), soluble amino compounds, and total soluble sugars in old-growth beech (fagus sylvatica) and spruce (picea abies) trees were determined over a period of five years. ozone fumigation had weak effects on the analysed metabolites of both tree species and significant changes in the contents of total glutathione, nsp, and soluble sugars were ob ... | 2007 | 17357017 |
| accuracy assessment of a small-area method for estimating the spatial distribution of the degree of tree damage. | tree damage, gauged by the amount of defoliation, is one of the basic criteria used to determine treatments for protected and economic forests. monitoring should include an assessment of the degree of tree damage in different spatial scales. therefore, in addition to the commonly applied large-area methods, small-area methods should be used. the aim of the paper is to present the results of the accuracy assessment of a small-area method, proposed by podlaski (2005) [podlaski, r. (2005). inventor ... | 2007 | 17370136 |
| roles of soil chemistry and water availability in site-related delta(13)c variations in french beech forests. | the carbon isotopic composition (delta(13)c) of wood and leaf cellulose of beech trees (fagus sylvatica l.) was studied at 80 sites in northeastern france. we sampled sites with contrasting water balance, depending on soil type and precipitation. we tested the hypothesis that inter-site variations in plant delta(13)c reflect the spatial distribution of soil water availability, and we assessed whether delta(13)c could be used as a bioindicator of soil water availability. patterns of variation in ... | 2007 | 17403658 |
| assessing the risk caused by ground level ozone to european forest trees: a case study in pine, beech and oak across different climate regions. | two different indices have been proposed for estimation of the risk caused to forest trees across europe by ground-level ozone, (i) the concentration based aot40 index (accumulated over a threshold of 40 ppb) and (ii) the recently developed flux based afsty index (accumulated stomatal flux above a flux threshold y). this paper compares the aot40 and afsty indices for three forest trees species at different locations in europe. the afsty index is estimated using the do(3)se (deposition of ozone a ... | 2007 | 17412465 |
| wild vascular plants gathered for consumption in the polish countryside: a review. | this paper is an ethnobotanical review of wild edible plants gathered for consumption from the end of the 18th century to the present day, within the present borders of poland. | 2007 | 17433114 |
| six-year time course of light-use efficiency, carbon gain and growth of beech saplings (fagus sylvatica) planted under a scots pine (pinus sylvestris) shelterwood. | two-year-old fagus sylvatica l. saplings were planted under the cover of a pinus sylvestris l. stand in the french massif central. the stand was differentially thinned to obtain a gradient of transmitted photosynthetically active radiation (par(t); 0-0.35). eighteen fagus saplings were sampled in this gradient, and their growth (basal stem diameter increment) was recorded over six years. over the same period, morphological parameters (leaf area, number and arrangement in space) were monitored by ... | 2007 | 17472934 |
| induction of photosynthesis and importance of limitations during the induction phase in sun and shade leaves of five ecologically contrasting tree species from the temperate zone. | we examined the principal differences in photosynthetic characteristics between sun and shade foliage and determined the relative importance of biochemical and stomatal limitations during photosynthetic induction. temperate-zone broadleaf and conifer tree species, ranging widely in shade tolerance, were investigated from one locality in the czech republic. the study species included strongly shade-tolerant abies alba mill. and tilia cordata mill., less shade-tolerant fagus sylvatica l. and acer ... | 2007 | 17472946 |
| effects of recent climate trends on the distribution of potential natural vegetation in central germany. | introducing climate quotients for the growing season (q(gs)) provides a way to quantify effects of climate trends with respect to potential natural vegetation (pnv), especially beech forests (fagus sylvatica l.) in central germany. what is crucial in this regard is the great influence of the dominant decrease in the amount of precipitation (up to 40% in the last 50 years) during the growing season versus the dormant season. however, precipitation during the dormant season (which is predominantly ... | 2007 | 17503090 |
| visible leaf injury in young trees of fagus sylvatica l. and quercus robur l. in relation to ozone uptake and ozone exposure. an open-top chambers experiment in south alpine environmental conditions. | an open-top chambers experiment on fagus sylvatica and quercus robur seedlings was conducted in order to compare the performance of an exposure-based (aot40) and a flux-based approaches in predicting the appearance of ozone visible injuries on leaves. three different ozone treatments (charcoal-filtered; non-filtered; and open plots) and two soil moisture treatments (watered and non-watered plots) were performed. a jarvisian stomatal conductance model was drawn up and parameterised for both speci ... | 2008 | 17688979 |
| woody plant richness and ndvi response to drought events in catalonian (northeastern spain) forests. | the role of species diversity on ecosystem resistance in the face of strong environmental fluctuations has been addressed from both theoretical and experimental viewpoints to reveal a variety of positive and negative relationships. here we explore empirically the relationship between the richness of forest woody species and canopy resistance to extreme drought episodes. we compare richness data from an extensive forest inventory to a temporal series of satellite imagery that estimated drought im ... | 2007 | 17918405 |
| temperature dependency of bark photosynthesis in beech (fagus sylvatica l.) and birch (betula pendula roth.) trees. | temperature dependencies of stem dark respiration (r(d)) and light-driven bark photosynthesis (a(max)) of two temperate tree species (fagus sylvatica and betula pendula) were investigated to estimate their probable influence on stem carbon balance. stem r(d) was found to increase exponentially with increasing temperatures, whereas a(max) levelled off or decreased at the highest temperatures chosen (35-40 degrees c). accordingly, a linear relationship between respiratory and assimilatory metaboli ... | 2007 | 18182432 |
| energy potential of waste from 10 forest species in the north of spain (cantabria). | in this work, the waste from 10 forest species of cantabria have been characterized from the point of view of energy. the studied species were the waste of: eucalyptus globulus, eucalyptus nitens, the hybrid e. globulusxe. nitens, eucalyptus viminalis, eucalyptus smithii, eucalyptus regnans, eucalyptus gunni, fagus sylvatica, quercus robur and pinus radiata. the leaves were the tree part with the greatest ncv (net calorific value) in all the species. the best results were obtained for the leaves ... | 2008 | 18215515 |
| ontogenetic variation in the relative influence of light and belowground resources on european beech seedling growth. | we used height growth data from a 7-year field experiment with european beech (fagus sylvatica l.) seedlings to test the hypothesis that the effects of above- and belowground resources on height growth depend on seedling size and age. photosynthetically active radiation (par) was determined by hemispheric photography, and estimates of fine root biomass of the overstory trees were used as an inverse proportional surrogate for belowground resource availability. for recently germinated seedlings gr ... | 2008 | 18316304 |
| two cdna clones (fsdhn1 and fsclo1) up-regulated by aba are involved in drought responses in fagus sylvatica l. seeds. | two abscisic acid (aba)-responsive clones (fsdhn1 and fsclo1) were isolated from a cdna library of aba-treated seeds of fagus sylvatica l. fsdhn1 codes for type-ii late embryogenesis abundant (lea) proteins, also known as dehydrins. the corresponding transcripts were aba-induced and expressed when seeds were artificially dried. fsclo1 codes for a caleosin, a calcium-binding protein. by expressing fsclo1 as a fusion protein in escherichia coli, we obtained biochemical evidence of its ability to b ... | 2008 | 18343532 |
| comparative measurements of transpiration and canopy conductance in two mixed deciduous woodlands differing in structure and species composition. | transpiration of two heterogeneous broad-leaved woodlands in southern england was monitored by the sap flux technique throughout the 2006 growing season. grimsbury wood, which had a leaf area index (lai) of 3.9, was dominated by oak (quercus robur l.) and birch (betula pubescens l.) and had a continuous hazel (corylus avellana l.) understory. wytham woods, which had an lai of 3.6, was dominated by ash (fraxinus excelsior l.) and sycamore (acer pseudoplatanus l.) and had only a sparse understory. ... | 2008 | 18381276 |
| involvement of phytophthora species in the decline of beech fagus sylvatica in wallonia (belgium). | during the last decade, typical symptoms of phytophthora diseases were observed in beech stands of several european countries. the main symptoms were the presence of bleeding cankers on the stem, a low crown density as well as the yellowing of foliage and the small size of leaves. several species of phytophthora, such as phytophthora citricola, p. cambivora and p. cactorum, were reported as the causal agents. in order to evaluate the implication of the different phytophthora species in beech dec ... | 2007 | 18396824 |
| deriving ozone dose-response of photosynthesis in adult forest trees from branch-level cuvette gas exchange assessment. | branch-level gas exchange provided the basis for assessing ozone flux in order to derive the dose-response relationship between cumulative o3 uptake (cou) and carbon gain in the upper sun crown of adult fagus sylvatica. fluxes of ozone, co2 and water vapour were monitored simultaneously by climatized branch cuvettes. the cuvettes allowed branch exposure to an ambient or twice-ambient o3 regime, while tree crowns were exposed to the same o3 regimes (twice-ambient generated by a free-air canopy o3 ... | 2008 | 18440679 |
| evidence from population genetics that the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete laccaria amethystina is an actual multihost symbiont. | it is commonly assumed that ectomycorrhizal (ecm) fungi associated with temperate forest tree roots are not host-specific. because this assumption relies on species delineations based on fruitbodies morphology or ribosomal dna sequences, host-specific, cryptic biological species cannot be ruled out. to demonstrate that laccaria amethystina has true generalist abilities, we sampled 510 fruitbodies on three french sites situated 150-450 km away from each other. at each site, populations from monos ... | 2008 | 18489549 |
| long-range transport of beech (fagus sylvatica l.) pollen to catalonia (north-eastern spain). | local and long-range transport of beech (fagus sylvatica) pollen was analysed by using 23-year data (1983-2007) at six stations in catalonia, spain, and numerical simulations. back trajectories and synoptic meteorology indicated a consistent north european provenance during beech pollen peak days. specifically, the area from northern italy to central germany was the most probable source, as indicated by a source-receptor model based on back trajectories. for the event with the highest pollen lev ... | 2008 | 18496718 |
| in vitro antagonism of an actinobacterial kitasatospora isolate against the plant pathogen phytophthora citricola as elucidated with ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry. | many soil microorganisms antagonistic to soil borne plant pathogens are well known for their ability to control diseases in situ. a variety of substances, like lytic enzymes, siderophores and antibiotics, produced by these organisms have the potential to protect roots against pathogens. understanding the ecology and a functional assessment of antagonistic microbial communities in soil requires in-depth knowledge of the mechanisms involved in these interactions, a challenging task in complex syst ... | 2008 | 18588924 |
| lead isotope ratios in tree bark pockets: an indicator of past air pollution in the czech republic. | tree bark pockets were collected at four sites in the czech republic with differing levels of lead (pb) pollution. the samples, spanning 1923-2005, were separated from beech (fagus sylvatica) and spruce (picea abies). elevated pb content (0.1-42.4 microg g(-1)) reflected air pollution in the city of prague. the lowest pb content (0.3-2.6 microg g(-1)) was found at the kosetice emep "background pollution" site. changes in (206)pb/(207)pb and (208)pb/(206)pb isotope ratios were in agreement with o ... | 2008 | 18597820 |