| characterization of caedibacter endonucleobionts from the macronucleus of paramecium caudatum and the identification of a mutant with blocked r-body synthesis. | cytology, dna and host-symbiont relationships of x-like endosymbionts from paramecium caudatum are described. the symbionts (caedibacter caryophila, sp. nov.) live in the macronuclei of their hosts. they confer the killer trait upon their hosts and appear well adapted to their endonucleobiotic way of life. r bodies (proteinaceous ribbons associated with killing) are produced, but differ significantly from any of the four r-body classes previously described. c. caryophila and their r bodies were ... | 1988 | 3335230 |
| occurrence of fragmented 16s rrna in an obligate bacterial endosymbiont of paramecium caudatum. | the phylogenetic position of caedibacter caryophila, a so far noncultured killer symbiont of paramecium caudatum, was elucidated by comparative sequence analysis of in vitro amplified 16s rrna genes (rdna). c. caryophila is a member of the alpha subclass of the proteobacteria phylum. within this subclass c. caryophila is moderately related to holospora obtusa, which is another obligate endosymbiont of paramecium caudatum, and to rickettsia. a 16s rrna targeted specific hybridization probe was de ... | 1993 | 8234331 |
| molecular phylogeny and in situ detection of the etiologic agent of necrotizing hepatopancreatitis in shrimp. | necrotizing hepatopancreatitis (nhp) is a severe disease of farm-raised penaeus vannamei that has been associated with mortality losses ranging from 20 to 95%. nhp was first recognized in texas in 1985 (s. k. johnson, p. 16, in handbook of shrimp diseases, 1989) and is an economically important disease that has limited the ability to culture shrimp in texas. the putative cause of nhp is a gram-negative, pleomorphic, intracellular, rickettsia-like bacterium that remains uncultured in part because ... | 1996 | 8795235 |
| novel bacterial endosymbionts of acanthamoeba spp. related to the paramecium caudatum symbiont caedibacter caryophilus. | acanthamoebae are increasingly being recognized as hosts for obligate bacterial endosymbionts, most of which are presently uncharacterized. in this study, the phylogeny of three gram-negative, rod-shaped endosymbionts and their acanthamoeba host cells was analysed by the rrna approach. comparative analyses of 16s rdna sequences retrieved from amoebic cell lysates revealed that the endosymbionts of acanthamoeba polyphaga hn-3, acanthamoeba sp. uwc9 and acanthamoeba sp. uwe39 are related to the pa ... | 1999 | 11207753 |
| the toxic symbiont caedibacter caryophila in the cytoplasm of paramecium novaurelia. | endosymbiotic bacteria were observed to inhabit the cytoplasm of the freshwater ciliate paramecium novaurelia. transmission electron microscopy and toxicity tests with sensitive paramecia showed that the endosymbionts belong to the genus caedibacter. the bacteria conferred a killer trait to their host paramecia. the production of a proteinaceous inclusion body ("r-body") in the bacterial cell makes them toxic to other paramecia after they become enclosed in food vacuoles. r-bodies of caedibacter ... | 2000 | 12035091 |
| the genus caedibacter comprises endosymbionts of paramecium spp. related to the rickettsiales (alphaproteobacteria) and to francisella tularensis (gammaproteobacteria). | obligate bacterial endosymbionts of paramecia able to form refractile inclusion bodies (r bodies), thereby conferring a killer trait upon their ciliate hosts, have traditionally been grouped into the genus caedibacter: of the six species described to date, only the paramecium caudatum symbiont caedibacter caryophilus has been phylogenetically characterized by its 16s rrna gene sequence, and it was found to be a member of the alphaproteobacteria related to the rickettsiales: in this study, the ca ... | 2002 | 12450827 |
| phylogenetic relationships of non-mitochondrial nucleotide transport proteins in bacteria and eukaryotes. | current knowledge about the nucleotide metabolism of intracellular bacteria is very limited. here we report on the identification of nucleotide transport proteins (ntt) of two obligate endoparasites, caedibacter caryophila and holospora obtusa, both alpha-proteobacteria, which reside in the vegetative macronucleus of paramecium caudatum. for comparative studies, we also identified the first nucleotide transporter in chloroplasts of a red alga, i.e. galdieria sulphuraria, and further homologs in ... | 2003 | 12657464 |
| the nucleotide transporter of caedibacter caryophilus exhibits an extended substrate spectrum compared to the analogous atp/adp translocase of rickettsia prowazekii. | the two obligate intracellular alphaproteobacteria rickettsia prowazekii and caedibacter caryophilus, a human pathogen and a paramecium endosymbiont, respectively, possess transport systems to facilitate atp uptake from the host cell cytosol. these transport proteins, which have 65% identity at the amino acid level, were heterologously expressed in escherichia coli, and their properties were compared. the results presented here demonstrate that the caedibacter transporter had a broader substrate ... | 2004 | 15126491 |
| molecular characterization of the obligate endosymbiont "caedibacter macronucleorum"fokin and görtz, 1993 and of its host paramecium duboscqui strain ku4-8. | bacterial endosymbionts of protozoa were often described as new species by protozoologists mainly on the basis of few morphological characters and partly by host specificity. many of these species have never been validated by prokaryotic microbiologists whose taxonomic rules are quite different from those of protozoologists, who use the zoological code of nomenclature. "caedibacter macronucleorum"fokin and görtz 1993, an endosymbiont of paramecium duboscqui, belongs to this category. here we pro ... | 2006 | 17123414 |
| molecular characterization of bacterial endosymbionts of acanthamoeba isolates from infected corneas of korean patients. | the endosymbionts of 4 strains of acanthamoeba (ka/e9, ka/e21, ka/e22, and ka/e23) isolated from the infected corneas of korean patients were characterized via orcein stain, transmission electron microscopic examination, and 16s rdna sequence analysis. double membrane-bound, rod-shaped endosymbionts were distributed randomly throughout both the trophozoites and cysts of each of acanthamoeba isolates. the endosymbionts of ka/e9, ka/e22, and ka/e23 were surrounded by electron-translucent areas. no ... | 2007 | 17374972 |