| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies to the sheep scab mite psoroptes ovis. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been shown to detect antibodies in the circulation of sheep infected with psoroptes ovis. strong positive reactions were obtained from 19 sheep with four-month-old infections. no cross reaction was observed with sera obtained from sheep infected with either fasciola hepatica, nematodirus battus, ostertagia circumcincta or damalinia ovis. | 1987 | 3628981 |
| comparison of an indirect haemagglutination assay and an elisa for diagnosing fasciola hepatica in experimentally and naturally infected sheep. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with somatic (s) or excretory-secretory antigens (es) was compared with an indirect haemagglutination assay (iha) for ability to detect antibodies against fasciola hepatica in sheep. the specificity of both assays was determined by testing sera collected from sheep experimentally or naturally mono-infected with fasciola hepatica, haemonchus contortus, ostertagia circumcincta, cooperia curticei, taenia ovis, eimeria spp., trichostrongylus vitrinus, tri ... | 1992 | 1485406 |
| interaction between coccidia and nematodirus battus in lambs on pasture. | five thousand oocysts of each of two species of coccidia, eimeria crandallis and e ovinoidalis or 30,000 infective larvae of nematodirus battus, given as single infections to three- to five-week-old lambs, caused only transient diarrhoea and had no effect on growth. lambs infected first with coccidia and two weeks later with n battus suffered severe diarrhoea, weight loss and some deaths. simultaneous administration of the coccidia and the nematodes increased the clinical severity of the syndrom ... | 1989 | 2756634 |
| the epidemiology of nematodirus battus--is it changing? | natural populations of 3rd-stage nematodirus battus larvae were present on pastures in north wales throughout the year; highest numbers were present in late spring, with smaller peaks occurring in autumn. inter-site variation was observed in the timing and magnitude of these peaks. hatching on experimental plots occurred 2 months to 2 years following deposition of eggs. intraspecfic and inter-site variation occurred in the timing, and inter-site variation occurred in the magnitude, of the mass h ... | 1991 | 2038499 |
| [infection with nematodirus battus (crofton and thomas, 1951) and pasture eimeriosis in lambs in germany (case report)]. | an outbreak of eimeriosis in suckling lambs occurring two weeks after turn out on pasture is reported. in the same flock, nematodirus battus infection was detected for the first time in germany. | 1989 | 2776677 |
| the effect of large doses of nematodirus battus on the histology and biochemistry of the small intestine of lambs. | | 1973 | 4732032 |
| the fate of large infective doses of nematodirus battus in young lambs. | | 1973 | 4732031 |
| the fate of multiple doses of infective larvae of nematodirus battus in 8-month-old lambs and their effect on intestinal enzyme activity. | | 1973 | 4732033 |
| clinical nematodiriasis in calves due to nematodirus battus infection. | | 1988 | 3176285 |
| effect of parasitism with nematodirus battus on the pharmacokinetics of levamisole, ivermectin and netobimin. | the pharmacokinetics of levamisole, ivermectin and netobimin administered orally and by subcutaneous injection were compared in lambs exposed to a moderate challenge with nematodirus battus and in parasite naive lambs. there were no significant differences (p greater than 0.05) in the bioavailability of any of the anthelmintics tested between parasitized and non-parasitized animals. levamisole reduced nematode faecal egg output by more than 99% when administered by either route. ivermectin was a ... | 1991 | 1897114 |
| observations on crystals found in the intestine of nematodirus battus during the development of immunity to this nematode in lambs. | lambs which were given 60000 infective larvae of nematodirus battus progressively threw off adult nematodes from day 20 onwards. large, hexagonal crystals appeared in the intestine of the adult nematode at about this time and caused blockage of the intestinal-rectal or -cloacal junction. lambs which were given 1000-2000 infective larvae did not throw off the infection, and adult nematodes from lambs which had been infected for up to 74 days did not contain these crystals. chemical, histochemical ... | 1976 | 1256911 |
| the effect of moisture stress upon the hatching of nematodirus battus larvae. | an experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of soil moisture stress upon the hatching behaviour of nematodirus battus. the method involved the use of polyethylene glycol solutions to maintain a steady osmotic pressure around a soil containing n. battus eggs, which were ready to hatch. different concentrations of polyethylene glycol (creating different moisture stresses) were found to affect the numbers and the rate of egg hatching markedly. | 1975 | 1128917 |
| variations in the water content of the larvae of nematodirus battus during the hatching process. | during a series of experiments on the ecology of nematodirus battus observations were made on the uptake of water by eggs containing third-stage larvae. it was found that, as they approached hatching, the water content of the larvae increased markedly, then fell immediately after they escaped from the shell. the method of measuring the water content, using interferometry, is also described. | 1975 | 1128918 |
| controlled trials of the anthelmintic oxfendazole in ewes and lambs naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. | oxfendazole doses at a rate of 5 mg per kg, before or after lambing, reduced nematode egg output to insignificant levels in ewes, most of which were not exposed to re-infection. ewes treated with oxfendazole had a significantly lower egg output than those treated with levamisole, although the latter anthelmintic was also highly effective. in lambs, oxfendazole at a dose rate of 5 mg per kg, showed 100 per cent efficacy for ostertagia circumcincta, o trifurcata, teledorsagia davtiani, trichostron ... | 1977 | 335633 |
| the effect of moisture supply upon the development and hatching the eggs of nematodirus battus. | experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of variations in humidity and osmotic pressure upon the development and hatching of the eggs of nematodirus battus. it was found that no development or hatching took place unless there was free water available, though humidity effects could enhance the subsequent response of the eggs in water. larvae were found to be very resistant to prolonged exposure to low humidity. the concentration of the hatching medium showed little effect upon devel ... | 1976 | 1012751 |
| changes in the adenylate energy charge of nippostrongylus brasiliensis and nematodirus battus during the development of immunity to these nematodes in their host. | infection of rats with 2000 infective juveniles of nippostrongylus brasiliensis and of lambs with 60 000 infective juveniles of nematodirus battus results in a well-marked immunity to these nematodes in their respective host. there is a fall in the adenylate energy charge value of these nematodes during the course of these infections, reaching values of 0.37 in males and 0.27 in females of n. brasiliensis, and 0.31 in males and 0.23 in females of n. battus towards the end of the infections. in h ... | 1978 | 565911 |
| [nematodirus battus in the netherlands (author's transl)]. | infestation with nematodirus battus was found to be present in sheep imported from great britain. this is the first report on the presence of this parasite, which is highly pathogenic for young lambs, in the netherlands. | 1978 | 635887 |
| [nematodirus battus definitely established in the netherlands (author's transl)]. | after nematodirus battus infection had been detected in sheep imported from britain into the netherlands in january 1978, dutch lambs and sheep on seven farms in the province of gelderland were also found to be infected with n. battus later in 1978. the possible origin of the infection was investigated. three flocks had been in contact with british sheep, two farms were trading farms, one farm had purchased its sheep from various sources a few years previously, on another the cause continued to ... | 1979 | 516030 |
| use of an oxfendazole pulse release bolus in calves exposed to natural subclinical infection with gastrointestinal nematodes. | during the first grazing season a group of calves treated with an oxfendazole pulse release bolus achieved a mean (+/- sem) weight gain of 140.7 (+/- 6.7) kg compared with 106.5 (+/- 5.7) kg by a group treated once with ivermectin mid-season, and 116.9 (+/- 6.9) kg by a group which received no treatment. this economic advantage was maintained during the period of winter housing. by the end of the second grazing season, during which the animals received no anthelmintic medication, they weighed on ... | 1987 | 3445426 |
| fecal survey of llamas (lama glama) in oregon: incidental recovery of nematodirus battus. | between september 1985 and march 1987, 243 fecal specimens from llamas (195 adults, 48 crias) were examined for parasite eggs. of the adults, 78% had at least one type of egg. trichostrongyles were found in 67% of the adults, nematodirus spp in 23%, strongyloides spp in 9%, capillaria spp in 8%, and trichuris spp in 5%. of the crias, 90% had at least one kind of egg. trichostrongyles were found in 71% of the crias, nematodirus spp in 52%, strongyloides spp in 17%, and trichuris spp and capillari ... | 1987 | 3693012 |
| late fall transmission of nematodirus battus (nematoda: trichostrongyloidea) in western oregon. | | 1987 | 3572662 |
| the development of immunity to nematodirus battus in lambs. | | 1986 | 3699975 |
| anthelmintic efficacies of fenbendazole, ivermectin, and levamisole against nematodirus battus infections in lambs. | anthelmintic efficacies of fenbendazole, ivermectin, and levamisole were evaluated against naturally acquired infections of nematodirus battus in lambs. four groups of 10 lambs each were used. oral administration of 8 mg of levamisole/kg of body weight or 5 mg of fenbendazole/kg significantly (p less than 0.01) reduced the degree of infection by n battus (adults) by greater than 99%. an oral formulation of 200 micrograms of ivermectin/kg was 98% effective (p less than 0.01). numbers of other nem ... | 1988 | 3239846 |
| nematodirus battus infection in calves. | in studies on the control of parasitic gastroenteritis in calves and sheep, involving an annual rotation of pastures grazed by these host species, it was shown that young cattle could play an important role in the epidemiology of nematodirus battus, a species usually regarded as a parasite of lambs. thus, young cattle readily acquired heavy burdens of n battus in spring and the contamination of pastures with eggs from these infections resulted in significant populations of larvae on the herbage, ... | 1987 | 3424586 |
| nematodirus infection in lambs on an alternate grazing system of husbandry. | the epidemiology of nematodirus battus infection under a husbandry system based on an annual alternation of sheep and cattle was studied from 1983 to 1985. pasture larval levels and sheep and cattle worm egg outputs were monitored from april to september each year. the level of n battus contamination on the sheep pasture and the number of clinically affected lambs increased over the three years despite grazing with cattle in the intervening year. examination of cattle faeces demonstrated that si ... | 1988 | 3222554 |
| controlled trials with morantel tartrate plus diethylcarbamazine given to lambs infected experimentally with haemonchus contortus, ostertagia circumcincta, nematodirus battus, trichostrongylus colubriformis and dictyocaulus filaria. | | 1973 | 4272498 |
| where does nematodirus battus crofton & thomas, 1951, come from? | | 1973 | 4581064 |
| epidemiology of nematodirus battus infection in eastern scotland. | a field investigation was carried out from 1981 to 1983 on the prevalence of nematodirus battus under different systems of lowland sheep management. pasture larval counts, ewe and lamb worm egg counts, and tracer lamb worm counts were carried out. as expected, contamination was generally greater on permanent pasture than on new leys as measured by pasture larval counts and lamb worm egg counts. however significant contamination was also recorded on young grass fields for which alternate grazing ... | 1985 | 4001558 |
| studies on the presence and release of proteolytic enzymes (proteinases) in gastro-intestinal nematodes of ruminants. | the proteolytic activity of worm homogenates prepared from the third stage larval (l3) and adult stages of the ovine gastro-intestinal nematodes, nematodirus battus, ostertagia circumcincta, trichostrongylus colubriformis, trichostrongylus vitrinus and haemonchus contortus, and the rodent intestinal nematode, nippostrongylus brasiliensis, has been examined using the protein substrates azocasein, azocoll and elastin-orcein. activity detected in third stage larvae was usually higher than that obse ... | 1990 | 2185170 |
| relative contribution of cattle to contamination of pasture with nematodirus battus under an alternate grazing system of husbandry. | calves, aged six months grazing on pasture on which lambs infected with nematodirus battus had grazed the previous season, became infected and passed eggs of n battus. transfer of these calves onto 'clean' pasture showed that their faecal contamination was sufficient to cause moderate infections of n battus in lambs grazing this area the following season. it was also shown that significant n battus contamination could survive on pasture for at least 18 to 24 months in the absence of further graz ... | 1991 | 2034903 |
| bile and bile salts and exsheathment of the intestinal nematodes trichostrongylus colubriformis and nematodirus battus. | | 1972 | 4661478 |
| chemoprophylaxis of coccidiosis in lambs with a single oral dose of toltrazuril. | the prophylactic efficacy of a single oral dose of toltrazuril against coccidiosis (mixed eimeria infections) in naturally infected lambs was evaluated in two experiments. toltrazuril at 20 mg kg-1, given on day 7 or day 10 after turnout on pasture, proved to be highly efficacious in preventing clinical coccidiosis under norwegian conditions. toltrazuril reduced the oocyst output to very low levels, prevented the development of diarrhoea and improved weight gain during the first 4-5 weeks after ... | 1991 | 1858295 |
| the pathogenicity of nematodirus battus in weaned and unweaned laboratory rabbits. | | 1973 | 4775756 |
| the development of acquired resistance and age resistance to nematodirus battus in the laboratory rabbit. | | 1973 | 4775755 |
| on the relationship between abomasal electrolytes and some population parameters of the nematodes haemonchus contortus and nematodirus battus. | | 1973 | 4786837 |
| the effect of various periods of infection with the nematode haemonchus contortus on the development of the nematode nematodirus battus. | | 1973 | 4786836 |
| the interaction of infections of haemonchus contortus and nematodirus battus in lambs. i. the effect of massive infections of haemonchus on subsequent infections of nematodirus. | | 1970 | 4907164 |
| a controlled test of methyridine, haloxon and pyrantel tartrate against nematodirus battus in lambs. | | 1969 | 5391181 |
| the development of single infections of nematodirus battus in lambs. | | 1972 | 5018476 |
| development of the parasitic stages of nematodirus battus in the laboratory rabbit. | | 1972 | 5018481 |
| nematodirus battus: development of cold hardiness in dormant eggs. | thermistors and an amplified bridge were used to detect supercooling points of nematodirus battus eggs weighing ca. 1 microgram wet weight. a cooling rate of about 1 c min-1 was achieved with a manually controlled cold stage using the peltier effect. the supercooling point of eggs fell during chilling at 5 +/- 1 c for up to 8 weeks from -34.48 +/- 0.49 c to -37.17 +/- 0.76 c. juveniles freed from these eggs were less cold hardy than intact eggs but chilling improved their supercooling to a great ... | 1986 | 3720899 |
| the introduction of nematodirus battus (crofton and thomas, 1951) into a new environment. | | 1969 | 5813272 |
| the evaluation of three anthelmintics against nematodirus battus in lambs by means of the improved controlled test. | | 1971 | 5569996 |
| effect of concurrent and terminated infections of haemonchus contortus on the development and reproductive capacity of nematodirus battus. | | 1971 | 5135638 |
| the action of the anthelmintic tetramisole on nematodirus battus infection in lambs. | | 1968 | 5693321 |
| stimulus to exsheathing of nematodirus battus infective larvae. | | 1965 | 5843286 |
| critical trials with tetramisole given to lambs experimentally infected with haemonchus contortus, ostertagia circumcincta, nematodirus battus and trichostrongylus colubriformis. | | 1966 | 6008430 |
| changes in the structure of the male reproductive system of nematodirus battus during its rejection from lambs. | as the infection progresses in lambs, the developing germ cells of male nematodirus battus become filled with lysosome-like bodies, electron-dense granules and membrane-bound vesicles, and the organization and division of the gametic nucleus appears to be altered. the epithelial cells of the reproductive tract are also damaged and the secretory-type globules produced by the cells of the vas deferens are denatured. these changes are compared with ultrastructural changes observed in other species ... | 1980 | 7195001 |
| demonstration of iga-containing cells in the small intestine of lambs infected with nematodirus battus. | a peroxidase anti-peroxidase immunohistochemical technique was used to demonstrate iga-containing cells in the small intestine of lambs infected with nematodirus battus. these cells were more numerous in the infected lambs than in the uninfected animals. the difference was greatest for the first three sites, 1 to 3 m distal to the pylorus, where the preponderance of the n battus infection is found. it is suggested that future immunohistochemical studies on the relationships between iga and resis ... | 1985 | 3925511 |
| observations on the structure of the male reproductive system and spermatogenesis of nematodirus battus. | in the male reproductive system of nematodirus battus the spermatogonia and spermatocytes and arranged upon a central rachis and the spermatocytes are characterized by the presence of cup-shaped membranous organelles which are formed in association with golgi complexes and granular endoplasmic reticulum. spermatozoa of n. battus in the male nematode have a electron-dense, conical tail-like region which contains the nuclear material and an elongate cytoplasmic region which contains the cell organ ... | 1980 | 7232037 |
| a new technique for the extraction of nematodirus battus eggs from sheep faeces. | details are given of a method for the separation of the eggs of the nematode nematodirus battus from sheep faeces. faecal pellets obtained from worm-free lambs experimentally infected with n. battus were homogenized and passed through a graded series of metal sieves. the material retained in a 53 mum aperture sieve was transferred to a cylindrical column and the eggs were cleaned and separated from other suspended material by controlled differential flotation using tap water. a model experiment ... | 1981 | 7220087 |
| nematodirus battus: scanning electron microscope studies of the duodenal mucosa of infected lambs. | lambs given 60 000 third-stage larvae of nematodirus battus were killed on days 16, 20 22, 24 and 32 of the infection and the duodenal mucosa was examined by scanning electron microscopy (sem). on day 16 of the infection the villi were long and finger-like and, although goblet cells were visible, the surface of the villi was not extensively folded, as is the surface of villi of uninfected control animals. by day 20 of the infection the villi had been reduced to flattened, plate-like structures o ... | 1980 | 7232036 |
| structural studies on crystals found in the intestine of nematodirus battus. | crystals found in the humen of the intestine of nematodirus battus have been studied by electron microscopy. two of the unit cell dimensions are 16 nm x 23 nm. the possibility of an immunological significance for these crystals is considered. | 1980 | 6106200 |
| nippostrongylus brasiliensis and nematodirus battus: changes in numbers and weight during the course of infection. | | 1981 | 7274367 |
| nematodirus battus: structure of the body wall of the adult. | males of nematodirus battus have a body wall composed of a longitudinally ridged cuticle made up of 8 layers, a hypodermis and a layer of longitudinal muscle cells which are divided into 4 sectors by the hypodermal cords. there is a characteristic cephalic inflation of the cuticle in both sexes. the structure of the body wall in the anterior half of the female is similar to that of the male. in the posterior half of the female the cuticle is not ridged and has 7 layers; the longitudinal muscles ... | 1983 | 6877874 |
| efficacy of oxfendazole against nematodirus battus and inhibited stages of sheep nematodes. | oxfendazole administered at a dose rate of 5 mg/kg was 100 per cent effective against artificially acquired seven-day-old and 23-day-old infections of nematodirus battus in lambs. at the same dose rate it was 100 per cent effective against naturally acquired infections of adult trichostrongylus spp, adult and arrested early fourth stage larvae of haemonchus contortus and nematodirus spp. efficacy against ostertagia spp was 99 to 100 per cent against adults and 100 per cent against inhibited larv ... | 1980 | 7375726 |
| nematodirus battus: permeability changes, calcium binding, and phosphorylation of the eggshell during hatching. | eggshells of nematodirus battus leaked trehalose 4 hr after being stimulated to hatch, and became permeable to trypan blue at their poles; 80% of eggs were stained blue 24 hr later. exogenous application of ruthenium red significantly inhibited chill- and sodium fluoride-stimulated hatching, 50% hatch inhibition occurring in 44.67 +/- 2.2 and 8.5 +/- 1.5 microm, respectively. lanthanum chloride, however, was not as inhibitory as ruthenium red on fluoride-stimulated hatching, 50% occurring at 31. ... | 1984 | 6204883 |
| ecology of the free living stages of nematodirus battus. | eggs of nematodirus battus placed on grass plots throughout the year were able to develop into infective larvae. in 1973 a large autumn peak was observed as well as the more usual subsequent spring peak. this was attributed to the weather conditions. the ability of the eggs to develop at all seasons is of importance in the survival of the parasite but not in the causation of clinical disease. eggs washed out of the faeces into the soil develop quicker and suffer less mortality than eggs which re ... | 1981 | 7342226 |
| the structure of the intestine of nematodirus battus and changes during the course of an infection in lambs. | the structure of the intestine of adult nematodirus battus is described. it is similar to the intestine of some other trichostrongyles but with a few minor differences. changes in the structure of the intestinal cells are described in n. battus taken from lambs during the later stages of an infection (days 20 to 32) with 60000 infected larvae. the most noticeable changes were a decrease in the amounts of glycogen and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, a reduction in the numbers of secretory-type gran ... | 1980 | 7422363 |
| forecasting the spring hatch of nematodirus battus by the use of soil temperature data. | | 1972 | 5064295 |
| some pathological changes in young lambs experimentally infected with nematodirus battus. | | 1972 | 5072574 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of the small subunit ribosomal rna gene from nematodirus battus. | the small subunit ribosomal rna gene (ssu rrna) from the nematode parasite, nematodirus battus, was cloned from amplified genomic dna using polymerase chain reaction primers complementary to the 5' and 3' ends of haemonchus contortus small subunit ribosomal dna (ssu rdna). the 1,758 base pair cloned fragment was sequenced in both directions using internally generated primers and aligned with those from the genus haemonchus. results indicated a 1.9% sequence difference between the genera with a 1 ... | 1994 | 8158485 |
| activity of morantel citrate against strains of benzimidazole-resistant nematodes of sheep in the united kingdom. | the activity of morantel citrate (5.94 mg/kg base) was determined in laboratory tests against field isolates of benzimidazole-resistant nematodes. its efficacies against adult and seven-day-old worms were 100 per cent and 100 per cent for cooperia curticei, 95.1 per cent and 69.8 per cent for haemonchus contortus and 100 per cent and 82 per cent for ostertagia circumcincta. morantel citrate was 100 per cent effective against benzimidazole-susceptible nematodirus battus and trichostrongylus vitri ... | 1993 | 8236701 |
| the serum immune response of young lambs to a primary infection with nematodirus battus. | young lambs (6-8 weeks of age) were infected with 50000 infective stage larvae of the trichostrongyle nematode nematodirus battus. initial mean adult worm burdens of 23884 +/- 1678 (s.e.m.) at day 14 post-infection (p.i.) were reduced significantly (p < 0.01) to a mean burden of 5383 +/- 1397 by day 21 p.i. blood samples were taken and serum analysed using elisa and western blotting techniques for igg antibodies specific for n. battus. pre-infection serum from young naive animals showed igg reco ... | 1996 | 8893535 |
| plasma profiles of albendazole metabolites after administration of netobimin and albendazole in sheep: effects of parasitism and age. | netobimin and albendazole were administered to 3-month-old lambs with moderate infections of nematodirus battus and to comparable parasite-naive lambs. albendazole sulphoxide and albendazole sulphone concentrations were determined in the plasma of all lambs at frequent intervals after treatment. both anthelmintic preparations were 100% effective in reducing nematode faecal egg output in the lambs. there were no significant differences in the concentrations of the sulphoxide or sulphone metabolit ... | 1993 | 8439796 |
| prevalence and seasonal changes in the gastro-intestinal helminths of nigerian goats. | a total of 120 gastro-intestinal tracts and 960 faecal samples were examined to assess the prevalence and seasonal changes in the gastro-intestinal helminth parasites of red sokoto (maradi) goats slaughtered at ibadan between may 1991 and april 1992. egg types of strongyles, strongyloides, trichuris, skrjabinema, dicrocoelium and moniezia were encountered in 93%, 83%, 44%, 0.9%, 2.3% and 31% of the faecal samples respectively. however, only strongyle, strongyloides and trichuris eggs occurred in ... | 1996 | 8960229 |
| [helminth burden of slaughter sheep in upper bavaria. 1: species spectrum, infestation extent and infestation intensity]. | the helminth fauna of 136 slaughtered sheep (99 lambs < 1 year, and 37 sheep > or = 1 year) from upper bavaria, germany, was examined. in all 2 species of trematodes, 3 species of cestodes and 24 species of nematodes were found. all the animals harboured gastrointestinal nematodes, 9 of them liver flukes, 33 moniezia spp., 19 cysticercus tenuicollis, and one sheep setaria sp. lungworms were not seen. the most prevalent species were cooperia curticei (74.3%), trichuris ovis (69.1%), ostertagia ci ... | 1996 | 8694743 |
| vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like and peptide histidine isoleucine-like proteins excreted/secreted by nippostrongylus brasiliensis, nematodirus battus and ascaridia galli. | vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip)-like protein was detected by dot blot analysis in the excretions/secretions (e/s) of nematodirus battus and ascaridia galli and was confirmed in the e/s of nippostrongylus brasiliensis. elisa analysis showed that n. brasiliensis e/s contained the highest proportion of vip-like protein (28.04 pmoles/mg of total e/s protein) and a. galli e/s contained the lowest (10.89 pmoles/mg of total e/s protein). peptide histidine isoleucine (phi)-like protein was detec ... | 1996 | 8811852 |
| the mast cell and eosinophil response of young lambs to a primary infection with nematodirus battus. | helminthologically naive 8-week-old lambs were administered 50,000 infective-stage larvae of the trichostrongyle nematode nematodirus battus. initial mean adult worm burdens were significantly reduced (p < 0.01) at day 21 post-infection (p.i.). peripheral blood eosinophil counts showed a significant increase (p < 0.001) by day 25 p.i. when compared with uninfected control animals. sections of small intestine taken at post-mortem from the area of adult worm establishment over the course of infect ... | 1997 | 9051925 |
| isoelectric focusing of soluble proteins in the characterization of species and isolates of nematodirus (nematoda: trichostrongyloidea). | isoelectric focusing was performed on extracts from nematodirus spathiger, nematodirus filicollis, nematodirus helvetianus, and 3 geographic isolates of nematodirus battus. gender-specific differences were noted within species; however, the overall protein profile of each species and isolate was distinct and reproducible and allowed unequivocal differentiation. a coefficient of similarity (sm) for males of each species and isolate was calculated, and a dendrogram, based on evaluation of sm by th ... | 1997 | 9379295 |
| systematics of gastrointestinal nematodes of domestic ruminants: advances between 1992 and 1995 and proposals for future research. | the systematics of trichostrongyloid nematodes of ruminants provides a foundation for diagnostics and responds to the need to identify eggs in feces, free-living larvae from pastures or fecal cultures and larval or adult nematodes collected from hosts. these needs are associated with diagnostic problems or research projects. difficulties in identifying all developmental stages of trichostrongyloid nematodes of domestic ruminants still severely limit the effective diagnosis and control of these p ... | 1997 | 9460200 |
| effects of the excretory/secretory products of six nematode species, parasites of the digestive tract, on the proliferation of ht29-d4 and hgt-1 cell lines. | the excretory/secretory (es) products of the nematode parasite trichostrongylus colubriformis have been found to increase the in vitro proliferation of the epithelial cell line ht29-d4. to assess the specificity of this effect, es products from other trichostrongyle species were tested on colonic (ht29-d4) and gastric (hgt-1) tumour cell lines. adult worms of six different nematode species, parasites of the stomach or the small intestine of ruminants, were incubated in vitro in dulbecco's modifi ... | 1995 | 9439903 |
| comparison of two enzyme immunoassays for the detection of haemonchus contortus infections in sheep. | two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) using either excretory/secretory (es) products or crude somatic antigens (csa) of adult haemonchus contortus were compared for their ability to detect antibodies against h. contortus in sheep. serum samples obtained from a group of 32 h. contortus mono-infected sheep were tested in the two elisas and the obtained data were compared with the results of the faecal examinations of these sheep. the first sheep became patent 3 weeks post infection (p.i.) ... | 1995 | 7660570 |
| [helminth species of goats in germany]. | the helminth fauna of the gastrointestinal tract of 25 and the respiratory organs and the livers of 6 german goats was qualitatively and quantitatively examined. one trematode species (dicrocoelium dendriticum), 2 species of cestodes (moniezia expansa and metacestodes of taenia hydatigena) and 28 species of nematodes (24 in the gastrointestinal tract and 4 in the lungs) were recorded. two goats were infested with oestrus ovis larvae. the most prevalent species were ostertagia circumcincta and ch ... | 1998 | 9880938 |
| efficacy of an ivermectin controlled-release capsule against nematode and arthropod endoparasites in sheep. | five controlled trials were conducted in germany or in the united kingdom, using 74 female sheep of merino or dorset horn breeds, to evaluate the efficacy of an ivermectin controlled-release capsule against naturally acquired or induced infections of gastrointestinal nematodes, lungworms and nasal bot larvae and against incoming infections with gastrointestinal and pulmonary nematodes. half of the animals were treated with one ivermectin controlled-release capsule that delivered ivermectin at th ... | 1998 | 9571756 |
| efficacy of doramectin injectable against oestrus ovis and gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep in the southwestern region of france. | a study was conducted to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of doramectin administered intramuscularly at a dose rate of 200 microg/kg to sheep harbouring naturally acquired infections of gastrointestinal nematodes and oestrus ovis in the southwestern region of france. on day 0, 24 sheep were selected on the basis of positive faecal egg counts (>100 epg) and positive assessment of o. ovis infection (including positive o. ovis antibody level and positive clinical score). the sheep were randomly al ... | 2001 | 11230921 |
| protection in lambs immunised with haemonchus contortus gut membrane proteins. | substantial protection against haemonchus contortus was induced in lambs by hyperimmunising them with an integral membrane extract of intestines dissected from adult worms. the procedure was effective in young growing animals but did not afford any cross protection against either ostertagia circumcincta or nematodirus battus. a serum transfer experiment suggested that the effector mechanism was serum antibody which bound to the brush border membrane of the parasites intestinal cells. sheep which ... | 1993 | 8434155 |
| cross antigenicity among ovine trichostrongyloidea. preliminary report. | a preliminary trial on the extent of cross-antigenicity among the sheep strongylids haemonchus contortus, trichostrongylus colubriformis, teladorsagia circumcincta and nematodirus battus in 2.5- to 4-month-old lambs has been carried out using elisa and western blotting (wb). cross antigenicity was tested using soluble extracts from adult and third stage larvae (l3) of h. contortus as antigenic source probed with sera from lambs with monospecific heterologous infections. there was cross-antigenic ... | 1994 | 7975119 |
| a key to the identification of arrested gastrointestinal nematode larvae of sheep in britain. | a simple key is presented for the identification of arrested larval nematodes recovered from the gastrointestinal tract of sheep slaughtered in britain. the parasites included in this key are those species which are most commonly seen to undergo arrested development in sheep. they include teladorsagia (ostertagia) spp., haemonchus contortus, trichostrongylus axei, intestinal trichostrongylus spp., nematodirus battus, nematodirus filicollis, and cooperia spp. easily identifiable morphological fea ... | 1993 | 8493769 |
| direct anthelmintic effects of condensed tannins towards different gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep: in vitro and in vivo studies. | in vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to determine possible direct anthelmintic effects of condensed tannins towards different ovine gastrointestinal nematodes. a larval development/viability assay was used to investigate the effect of a condensed tannin extract (quebracho) towards larvae of haemonchus contortus, teladorsagia circumcincta and trichostrongylus vitrinus. the development to infective larvae and their viability was assessed in all three species and ld 50 values were calculated ... | 2001 | 11502368 |
| dietary protein influences upon immunity to nematodirus battus infection in lambs. | several indices of the immune response to nematodirus battus infection in lambs offered differing levels of dietary protein were quantified. lambs were offered either a complete basal ruminant diet (13.2% crude protein (cp)) or the same diet supplemented with fish meal as a source of rumen bypass protein (18.3% cp). lambs from each dietary treatment group were given either a 7-week continuous trickle infection with n. battus l3 or remained uninfected. all lambs were drenched with anthelmintic at ... | 1996 | 8720565 |
| a further description of nematodirus battus crofton and thomas, 1951. | | 1954 | 13233490 |
| effect of dietary protein on the regulation of populations of nematodirus battus by lambs. | two groups of seven and two groups of six lambs were offered either a complete basal ruminant diet (13.2 per cent crude protein [cp]) (groups 2 and 4) or the same diet supplemented with fish meal (18.3 per cent cp) (groups 1 and 3). groups 1 and 2 were infected daily for seven weeks with nematodirus battus larvae (l3) and groups 3 and 4 served as uninfected challenge controls. all the groups were treated with anthelmintic in the eighth week, challenged with a single dose of 30,000 n battus l3 on ... | 1996 | 8735522 |
| field studies on the seasonal incidence of nematodirus battus and n. filicollis in sheep. | | 1959 | 13838021 |
| ecological studies on the development of the pasture stages of nematodirus battus and n. filicollis, nematode parasites of sheep. | | 1960 | 13838019 |
| a comparative study of the life histories of nematodirus battus and n. filicollis, nematode parasites of sheep. | | 1959 | 13838020 |
| nematodirus battus 50 years on--a realistic vaccine candidate? | it has been 50 years since the parasitic nematode of lambs, nematodirus battus, was first described. this parasite has several interesting features; in particular, it induces a rapid, protective immune response in infected young lambs (< 3 months of age), which is not observed if lambs are infected with other trichostrongyle nematodes. indeed, protection against most gastrointestinal nematodes only develops once lambs are over five to six months old. in this article i suggest that n. battus offe ... | 2002 | 12379949 |
| the dynamics, prevalence and impact of nematode infections in organically raised sheep in sweden. | a three-year survey (1997-99) was carried out on organically reared sheep flocks throughout sweden. the aim was to determine the prevalence and intensity of nematode infections and to establish relationships between sheep management practices and parasite infections. faecal samples from ewes and lambs were collected from 152 organic flocks around lambing-time and during the grazing-period for analysis. results were compared with the different management practices that farmers use to prevent para ... | 2001 | 11887398 |
| persistence of immunity of nematodirus battus infection in lambs. | fifty-four greyface suffolk lambs aged 3 months were allocated to six groups of seven and one group of 12. three groups were infected continuously with nematodirus battus larvae (l3) over a 7-week period and three groups remained worm-free. one week after the last larval dose all six groups were treated with anthelmintic and challenged with a single dose of 30,000 n. battus l3 either 1, 6 or 12 weeks post-treatment (pt) and killed 10 days later. a seventh continuously infected and treated group ... | 1997 | 9231987 |
| the effect of dexamethasone on resistance of older lambs to infection with nematodirus battus. | old lambs (8 months of age) infected with 50,000 l3 of nematodirus battus had larvae developing normally in their tissues on day 4 post-infection (p.i.), but by day 8 p.i. there were only 4105 +/- 1044 worms left in the alimentary tract. some of these worms contained crystals in their intestine. eight-month-old lambs treated with dexamethasone and infected with 50,000 l3 of n. battus contained a mean worm burden of 7878 +/- 1262 on 18 days p.i. untreated 8-month-old lambs similarly infected were ... | 1997 | 9192712 |
| immune responses of texel sheep to excretory/secretory products of adult haemonchus contortus. | the excretory/secretory (e/s) products of adult haemonchus contortus comprise of at least 15 polypeptides with molecular weights ranging from 10 to > 100 kda. these e/s products induce an immune response in infected texel sheep, as demonstrated by specific igg1 levels and a significant lymphocyte proliferation index. moreover, immunoblotting analysis revealed that sera of primary h. contortus-infected sheep specifically recognize a 24 kda e/s product. in addition, sera of challenged sheep react ... | 1994 | 7517519 |
| [the influence of different management systems on the infection level of some gastrointestinal parasites in sheep in southern poland]. | on the basis of the fecal egg counts, larval cultures and necropsies the infection of coccidia, tapeworms and gastrointestinal nematodes in dams and lambs under extensive and intensive management systems were estimated. during 1994 and 1995 total of 1740 coproscopic analyses were done. it was state, that in extensive farms the prevalence and epg of gastrointestinal nematodes was higher in comparison with intensive management system (38.2-86% and 13.9-71.9% and 105-355 epg and 33-131 epg respecti ... | 2000 | 16886344 |
| differences in the second internal transcribed spacer of four species of nematodirus (nematoda: molineidae). | genetic differences among nematodirus spathiger, nematodirus filicollis, nematodirus helvetianus and nematodirus battus in the nucleotide sequence of the second internal transcribed spacer (its-2) of ribosomal dna ranged from 3.9 to 24.7%. pairwise comparisons of their its-2 sequences indicated that the most genetically similar species were n. spathiger and n. helvetianus. n. battus was the most genetically distinct species, with differences ranging from 22.8 to 24.7% with respect to the other t ... | 1998 | 9512998 |
| vaccination of young lambs against infection with nematodirus battus using gamma irradiated larvae. | helminthologically naive 6-week-old suffolk lambs were given 1-3 doses of 20000 gamma-irradiated infective larvae (l3) of the nematode nematodirus battus at weekly intervals. following an anthelmintic drench they were challenged with 50000 viable l3 at 10 weeks of age. nematode worm burdens 14 days post-challenge showed a significant (p<0.01) 66% reduction in the single vaccine dose group. the two and three dose groups had mean worm burdens which were 30 and 42% lower than controls, respectively ... | 2000 | 11027783 |
| role of acetylcholinesterase (ache) secreted by parasitic nematodes on the growth of the cell line from epithelial origin ht29-d4. | the excretory-secretory (e-s) products of the parasitic nematodes trichostrongylus colubriformis and nematodirus battus were found to modify the in vitro proliferation of the tumorous colic ht29-d4 cell line of epithelial origin. a characteristic feature of these e-s products is the presence of a high level of acetylcholinesterase (ache) activity, the biological significance of which remains unclear. to determine a possible role of ache on cell growth, the enzyme was purified from e-s products u ... | 1999 | 10363282 |
| relationships of nematodirus species and nematodirus battus isolates (nematoda: trichostrongyloidea) based on nuclear ribosomal dna sequences. | nuclear ribosomal sequence data from the internal transcribed spacers (its-1 and its-2), 5.8s subunit, and regions of the 18s and 28s genes were used to investigate sequence diversity among geographic samples of nematodirus battus, and to infer phylogenetic relationships among nematodirus species. phylogenetic analysis of these data yielded strong support for relationships among species, depicting nematodirus helvetianus and nematodirus spathiger as sister-taxa and a clade of these 2 species and ... | 2000 | 10864259 |
| dose determination studies for monepantel, an amino-acetonitrile derivative, against fourth stage gastro-intestinal nematode larvae infecting sheep. | monepantel is the first compound from the recently discovered amino-acetonitrile derivative (aad) class of anthelmintics to be developed for use in sheep. three dose determination studies were conducted in australia and switzerland to identify the minimum therapeutic dose of monepantel when formulated for the oral treatment of sheep to control fourth stage (l4) gastro-intestinal nematode larvae. in each study, sheep infected with the target nematodes (selected from haemonchus contortus, teladors ... | 2008 | 18760536 |
| the influence of temperature on the development, hatching and survival of nematodirus battus larvae. | although nematodirus battus (nematoda: trichostrongyloidea) is an economically important and highly pathogenic parasite of sheep in the temperate regions, very little is known about the population dynamics of its free-living stages and their relationship with ambient temperature. here we describe the temperature-related vital rates and thresholds of egg development, hatching and larval survival for the first time. n. battus eggs were able to develop between 11.5 and 27 degrees c, but development ... | 2008 | 17991303 |
| the distribution of the pathogenic nematode nematodirus battus in lambs is zero-inflated. | understanding the frequency distribution of parasites and parasite stages among hosts is essential for efficient experimental design and statistical analysis, and is also required for the development of sustainable methods of controlling infection. nematodirus battus is one of the most important organisms that infect sheep but the distribution of parasites among hosts is unknown. an initial analysis indicated a high frequency of animals without n. battus and with zero egg counts, suggesting the ... | 2008 | 18620622 |
| linear distribution of nematodes in the gastrointestinal tract of tracer lambs. | forty-eight tracer lambs were killed in 2004-2007. the abomasum, duodenum, small intestine (jejunum and ileum), colon and caecum were collected and processed for parasites enumeration and identification-mucosal scrapings of both abomasums and intestines were digested. out of 48 gastrointestinal tracts examined, all were found to be positive for nematode infection. seventeen species of gastrointestinal nematodes were recovered: bunostomum trigonocephalum, cooperia curticei, haemonchus contortus, ... | 2008 | 18766377 |