| shell thinning and residues of organochlorines and mercury in seabird eggs, eastern canada, 1970-76. | organochlorine and mercury concentrations are reported for 252 eggs of leach's storm-petrel (oceanodroma leucorhoa), double-crested cormorant (phalarocorax auritus), common eider (somateria mollissima), common tern (sterna hirundo), razorbill (alca torda), common murre (uria aalge) black guillemot (cepphus grylle), and atlantic puffin (fratercula arctica) from the bay of fundy, the gulf of st. lawrence, and the open atlantic shore of canada during 1970-76. concentrations of all organochlorines e ... | 1979 | 117427 |
| dde feeding and plasma osmoregulation in ducks, guillemots, and puffins. | to assess the possibility that organochlorine pesticide disruption of osmoregulation is responsible for recent large kills of young seabirds, we have studied the effects of dde feeding (10-250 ppm) on plasma osmoregulation and nasal gland function in the following species: mallared and white pekin ducks (both anas platyrhynchos), black guillemot (cepphus grylle), and common (fratercula arctica). other investigators have recently reported that dietary dde (10-1,000 ppm) inhibits nasal gland secre ... | 1976 | 134641 |
| heavy metal and metallothionein concentrations in atlantic canadian seabirds. | seabird tissues, collected during the 1988 breeding season from colonies on the atlantic coast of canada, were analyzed for toxic metals--cd, hg and pb--and 18 other trace elements. metallothionein (mt) was measured in kidney, and kidneys and livers underwent histopathological examination. levels of most essential trace elements appear to be closely regulated in seabird tissues; values were in good agreement with those previously reported in the published literature. liver-se concentrations in l ... | 1992 | 1554255 |
| isolation of orbiviruses and uukuviruses from puffin ticks. | two viruses were isolated from a pool of three female ixodes uriae ticks found on a dead puffin (fratercula arctica) on a beach at arbroath, scotland. complement fixation tests showed that one of the viruses was an orbivirus belonging to the kemerovo serogroup and was related to cape wrath virus. cross-reactions did not occur in neutralisation tests with 4 kemerovo group viruses previously isolated from i. uriae collected in british seabird colonies. the orbivirus was therefore named arbroath vi ... | 1985 | 2860801 |
| hepatic metabolism of cyclodiene insecticides by constitutive forms of cytochrome p-450 from lower vertebrates. | 1. multiple forms of cytochrome p-450 were separated from the hepatic microsomes of untreated male rats, pigeons (columbia livia), razorbills (alca torda), puffins (fratercula arctica), and rainbow trout (salmo gairdnerii), using anion exchange chromatography and deae-cellulose. 2. in some cases cytochrome p-450 forms were further purified on hydroxylapatite and carboxymethyl-sephadex columns. 3. considerable differences in the distribution of forms between these five species were evident from e ... | 1987 | 2888582 |
| avian wildlife reservoir of campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni, yersinia spp., and salmonella spp. in norway. | cloacal swabs from 540 wild-living birds were cultured for campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni, yersinia spp., and salmonella spp. the carrier rates detected were as follows: c. fetus subsp. jejuni, 28.4%; yersinia spp., 1.2%; and salmonella spp., 0.8%. all birds were apparently healthy when captured. c. fetus subsp. jejuni was isolated from 11 of the 40 bird species examined. among birds inhabiting the city of oslo, the highest isolation rate was found in crows (corvus corone cornix) (89.8%), fol ... | 1983 | 6338824 |
| isolation of campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni from the common puffin (fratercula arctica) in norway. | | 1983 | 6842738 |
| isolation of lyme disease borrelia from puffins (fratercula arctica) and seabird ticks (ixodes uriae) on the faeroe islands. | this is the first report on the isolation of lyme disease borrelia from seabirds on the faeroe islands and the characteristics of its enzootic cycle. the major components of the borrelia cycle include the puffin (fratercula arctica) as the reservoir and ixodes uriae as the vector. the importance of this cycle and its impact on the spread of human lyme borreliosis have not yet been established. borrelia spirochetes isolated from 2 of 102 sampled puffins were compared to the borreliae previously o ... | 1999 | 10074497 |
| dispersal and distribution of the tick ixodes uriae within and among seabird host populations: the need for a population genetic approach. | the aim of this study was to characterize the spatial distribution of the tick ixodes uriae within and among populations of its seabird hosts and to consider the potential insight that could be gained by a population genetic approach to the issue of dispersal of this tick. analyses of data collected around the avalon peninsula, newfoundland, indicated that both the prevalence and mean abundance of ticks varied significantly among sample locations. whereas ticks were found on all 4 host species e ... | 1999 | 10219295 |
| host-dependent genetic structure of parasite populations: differential dispersal of seabird tick host races. | despite the fact that parasite dispersal is likely to be one of the most important processes influencing the dynamics and coevolution of host-parasite interactions, little information is available on the factors that affect it. in most cases, opportunities for parasite dispersal should be closely linked to host biology. here we use microsatellite genetic markers to compare the population structure and dispersal of two host races of the seabird tick ixodes uriae at the scale of the north atlantic ... | 2003 | 12683525 |
| polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) congener concentrations in seabirds found dead in mortality incidents around the british coast. | livers from 121 birds killed in mortality incidents in u.k. coastal waters between 1991 and 1996 were analyzed for 16 pcb congeners (iupac numbers 8, 18, 28, 31, 52, 77, 101, 118, 126, 128, 138, 149, 153, 169, 170, and 180). species analyzed were guillemot (uria aalge), shag (phalacrocorax arisotelis), kittiwake (rissa tridactyla), puffin (fratercula arctica), razorbill (alca torda), fulmar (fulmarus glacialis), gannet (sula bassana), and herring gull (larus argentatus). this is the first report ... | 2003 | 12948183 |
| trophic interactions under climate fluctuations: the atlantic puffin as an example. | co-occurrence in food requirements of offspring and food availability is a key factor determining breeding success. prey availability is typically dependent on environmental conditions that are different from those influencing the predator's decision regarding whether or not to initiate breeding, and is not always optimal at the peak of reproduction requirements. we investigated this relationship to understand better what determines the fledging success of the atlantic puffin (fratercula arctica ... | 2003 | 12965010 |
| seabirds as indicators of changes in marine ecosystems: ecological monitoring on machias seal island. | changes in marine ecosystems can be manifested in many different ways, on different temporal and spatial scales. seabirds are top consumers in marine foodwebs and offer opportunities to detect and assess the biological effects of changes in physical parameters (sea-surface temperature [sst], salinity, depth of thermocline etc.) of the marine ecosystem. we compare six-eight years' of data on the biology (diet, and breeding success) of four species of seabird (arctic tern sterna paradisaea and com ... | 2003 | 14570414 |
| ocean climate prior to breeding affects the duration of the nestling period in the atlantic puffin. | time-series covering 23 years for a long-lived seabird, the atlantic puffin (fratercula arctica l.) at røst, northern norway, was used to explore any indirect effects of climatic variations on chick production. by fitting statistical models on the duration of the nestling period, we found that it may be estimated using the average sea temperature and salinity at 0-20 m depth in march (having a positive and a negative effect, respectively). we propose that when the phytoplankton bloom occurs in e ... | 2006 | 17148306 |
| levels and temporal trends (1983-2003) of persistent organic pollutants (pops) and mercury (hg) in seabird eggs from northern norway. | the main objective of this study was to investigate possible temporal trends of persistent organic pollutants (pops) and mercury in eggs of herring gulls (larus argentatus), black-legged kittiwakes (rissa tridactyla), common guillemots (uria aalge) and atlantic puffins (fratercula arctica) in northern norway. eggs were collected in 1983, 1993 and 2003. egg concentrations of pops (pcb congeners iupac numbers: cb-28, 74, 66, 101, 99, 110, 149, 118, 153, 105, 141, 138, 187, 128, 156, 157, 180, 170, ... | 2008 | 18262696 |
| variable exposure and immunological response to lyme disease borrelia among north atlantic seabird species. | colonial seabirds often breed in large aggregations. these individuals can be exposed to parasitism by the tick ixodes uriae, but little is known about the circulation of pathogens carried by this ectoparasite, including lyme disease borrelia. here we investigated the prevalence of antibodies (ab) against borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in seabird species sampled at eight locations across the north atlantic. using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests, we found that the prevalence of anti-borr ... | 2008 | 18577503 |
| levels and temporal trends (1983-2003) of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and hexabromocyclododecanes in seabird eggs from north norway. | the present study assessed temporal trends (1983-2003) of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) and hexabromocyclododecanes (hbcds) in eggs of herring gulls (larus argentatus), atlantic puffins (fratercula arctica), and black-legged kittiwakes (rissa tridactyla) in north norway. generally, pbde concentrations increased between 1983 and 1993 and then leveled out, although species-specific trends were reported. levels of alpha-hbcd increased in all species throughout the 20-year period. levels of ... | 2009 | 19102583 |
| climate, copepods and seabirds in the boreal northeast atlantic - current state and future outlook. | the boreal northeast atlantic is strongly affected by current climate change, and large shifts in abundance and distribution of many organisms have been observed, including the dominant copepod calanus finmarchicus, which supports the grazing food web and thus many fish populations. at the same time, large-scale declines have been observed in many piscivorous seabirds, which depend on abundant small pelagic fish. here, we combine predictions from a niche model of c. finmarchicus with long-term d ... | 2012 | 23504776 |
| [uropygial gland secretion of the puffin (fratercula arctica)]. | | 2015 | 4391923 |
| eimeria fraterculae sp. n. in the kidneys of atlantic puffins (fratercula arctica) from newfoundland, canada: species description and lesions. | renal coccidiosis is reported for the first time in an auk (alcidae). infection was detected in seven of 50 nestling atlantic puffins (fratercula arctica) and a new species of coccidia, eimeria fraterculae sp. n., is described. the structure and sporulation of oocysts are characterized. meronts, gamonts, and developing oocysts were present in collecting duct epithelium of medullary cones. the predominant host response was hypertrophy of infected cells, tubule dilation, and a mild localized perit ... | 2012 | 3503138 |
| decline in an atlantic puffin population: evaluation of magnitude and mechanisms. | determining which demographic and ecological parameters contribute to variation in population growth rate is crucial to understanding the dynamics of declining populations. this study aimed to evaluate the magnitude and mechanisms of an apparent major decline in an atlantic puffin fratercula arctica population. this was achieved using a 27-year dataset to estimate changes in population size and in two key demographic rates: adult survival and breeding success. estimated demographic variation was ... | 2015 | 26177461 |
| evaluation of seabirds in newfoundland and labrador, canada, as hosts of influenza a viruses. | influenza a viruses infect a wide range of hosts, including many species of birds. avian influenza a virus (aiv) infection appears to be most common in anseriformes (ducks, geese, and swans) and some charadriiformes (shorebirds and gulls), but many other birds also serve as hosts of aiv. here, we evaluated the role of seabirds as hosts for aiv. we tested 3,160 swab samples from 13 seabird species between may 2008 and december 2011 in newfoundland and labrador, canada. we also tested 156 serum sa ... | 2014 | 24171570 |
| mercury concentrations in seabird tissues from machias seal island, new brunswick, canada. | mercury is a pervasive environmental contaminant, the anthropogenic portion of which is increasing globally, and in northeastern north america in particular. seabirds frequently are used as indicators of the marine environment, including mercury contamination. we analysed paired samples for total mercury (hg) concentrations in feathers and blood from adult and chick, albumen, and lipid-free yolk of seven seabirds breeding on machias seal island, new brunswick, canada - arctic tern (sterna paradi ... | 2009 | 19419752 |
| pathological features in marine birds affected by the prestige's oil spill in the north of spain. | a total of 2,465 seabirds, mainly common murres (uria aalge), razorbills (alca torda), and puffins (fratercula arctica) that beached in the northwestern part of spain after the "prestige" oil spill on 19 november 2002 were examined by pathological methods. birds were divided into three groups: dead birds with the body covered (group 1) or uncovered (group 2) by oil and birds recovered alive but which died after being treated at a rescue center (group 3). the main gross lesions were severe dehydr ... | 2005 | 16107672 |
| cytochrome b nucleotide sequence variation among the atlantic alcidae. | analysis of cytochrome b nucleotide sequences of the six extant species of atlantic alcids and a gull revealed an excess of adenines and cytosines and a deficit of guanines at silent sites on the coding strand. phylogenetic analyses grouped the sequences of the common (uria aalge) and brünnich's (u. lomvia) guillemots, followed by the razorbill (alca torda) and little auk (alle alle). the black guillemot (cepphus grylle) sequence formed a sister taxon, and the puffin (fratercula arctica) fell ou ... | 1993 | 7916741 |
| a study of the hepatic microsomal monooxygenase of sea birds and its relationship to organochlorine pollutants. | 1. the levels of hepatic microsomal monooxygenase in sea birds were determined using organochlorine substrates. levels of cytochrome p450 and organochlorine residues were also measured. 2. the razorbill (alca torda) and puffin (fratercula arctica) showed highly variable activities which were resolved into multiple peaks on frequency diagrams. 3. the most active individuals amongst razorbills were early season females with large ovaries. 4. the properties of monooxygenase from individuals of low ... | 1982 | 6128175 |
| low density of top predators (seabirds and marine mammals) in the high arctic pack ice. | the at-sea distribution of top predators, seabirds and marine mammals, was determined in the high arctic pack ice on board the icebreaker rv polarstern in july to september 2014. in total, 1,620 transect counts were realised, lasting 30 min each. the five most numerous seabird species represented 74% of the total of 15,150 individuals registered: kittiwake rissa tridactyla, fulmar fulmarus glacialis, puffin fratercula arctica, ross's gull rhodostethia rosea, and little auk alle alle. eight cetac ... | 2016 | 27777810 |
| phylogenetic relationships within the alcidae (charadriiformes: aves) inferred from total molecular evidence. | the alcidae is a unique assemblage of northern hemisphere seabirds that forage by "flying" underwater. despite obvious affinities among the species, their evolutionary relationships are unclear. we analyzed nucleotide sequences of 1,045 base pairs of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and allelic profiles for 37 allozyme loci in all 22 extant species. trees were constructed on independent and combined data sets using maximum parsimony and distance methods that correct for superimposed changes. ... | 1996 | 8587501 |
| from puffins to plankton: a dna-based analysis of a seabird food chain in the northern gulf of maine. | the predator-prey interactions within food chains are used to both characterize and understand ecosystems. conventional methods of constructing food chains from visual identification of prey in predator diet can suffer from poor taxonomic resolution, misidentification, and bias against small or completely digestible prey. next-generation sequencing (ngs) technology has become a powerful tool for diet reconstruction through barcoding of dna in stomach content or fecal samples. here we use multi-l ... | 2013 | 24358258 |
| thermal emissivity of avian eggshells. | the hypothesis has been tested that evolution has resulted in lower thermal emissivity of eggs of birds breeding openly in cold climates than of eggs of birds that nest under protective covering or in warmer climates. directional thermal emissivity has been estimated from directional-hemispherical reflectance spectra. due to several methodological difficulties the absolute emissivity is not accurately determined, but differences between species are obvious. most notably, small waders of the genu ... | 2016 | 27033033 |
| drivers and fitness consequences of dispersive migration in a pelagic seabird. | animals can be flexible in their migration strategies, using several wintering sites or a variety of routes. the mechanisms promoting the development of these migratory patterns and their potential fitness consequences are poorly understood. here, we address these questions by tracking the dispersive migration of a pelagic seabird, the atlantic puffin fratercula arctica, using over 100 complete migration tracks collected over 7 years, including repeated tracks of individuals for up to 6 consecut ... | 2017 | 27418752 |
| relationships between persistent organic pollutants and circulating immunoglobulin-y in black-legged kittiwakes and atlantic puffins. | have although persistent organic pollutants (pops) may affect the immune system, few field studies actually examined this effect. there are indications that pop exert effects on the immune system; however, in the arctic ecosystem data are scarce. the aim of this study was to examine immune functions in two medium trophic-positioned seabirds, the black-legged kittiwakes (rissa tridactyla) and atlantic puffins (fratercula arctica). overall pop concentrations were higher in kittiwakes than puffins ... | 2014 | 24754386 |
| a dispersive migration in the atlantic puffin and its implications for migratory navigation. | navigational control of avian migration is understood, largely from the study of terrestrial birds, to depend on either genetically or culturally inherited information. by tracking the individual migrations of atlantic puffins, fratercula arctica, in successive years using geolocators, we describe migratory behaviour in a pelagic seabird that is apparently incompatible with this view. puffins do not migrate to a single overwintering area, but follow a dispersive pattern of movements changing thr ... | 2011 | 21799734 |
| short- and long-term consequences of reproductive decisions: an experimental study in the puffin. | the purpose of the present study was to inspect the response of the atlantic puffin (fratercula arctica) to an experimental manipulation of the investment needed to successfully raise an offspring. we achieved this by replacing an old offspring with a younger chick, and vice versa, thereby prolonging and shortening the chick-rearing period. to examine any costs of reproduction we then followed the breeding success, the recruitment of young to the population, and the survival of parents for 11 ye ... | 2009 | 19967875 |
| modeling survival at multi-population scales using mark-recapture data. | the demography of vertebrate populations is governed in part by processes operating at large spatial scales that have synchronizing effects on demographic parameters over large geographic areas, and in part, by local processes that generate fluctuations that are independent across populations. we describe a statistical model for the analysis of individual monitoring data at the multi-population scale that allows us to (1) split up temporal variation in survival into two components that account f ... | 2009 | 19886500 |
| activity periods and questing behavior of the seabird tick ixodes uriae (acari: ixodidae) on gull island, newfoundland: the role of puffin chicks. | questing behavior of ixodes uriae and their associated seasonal, host-feeding patterns are crucial to our understanding of tick life history strategies and the ecology of diseases that they transmit. consequently, we quantified questing behavior of nymphs and adult female i. uriae ticks at gull island, a seabird colony in newfoundland, canada, to examine seasonal variation of off-host and on-host tick activity. we sampled a total of 133 adult atlantic puffins (fratercula arctica), 152 puffin chi ... | 2007 | 17539407 |
| kinematics of diving atlantic puffins (fratercula arctica l.): evidence for an active upstroke. | to examine the propulsion mechanism of diving atlantic puffins (fratercula arctica), their three-dimensional kinematics was investigated by digital analysis of sequential video images of dorsal and lateral views. during the dives of this wing-propelled bird, the wings are partly folded, with the handwings directed backwards. the wings go through an oscillating motion in which the joint between the radius-ulna and the hand bones leads the motion, with the wing tip following. there is a large rota ... | 2002 | 11854373 |
| anatomy and histochemistry of flight muscles in a wing-propelled diving bird, the atlantic puffin, fratercula arctica. | twenty-three species within the avian family alcidae are capable of wing-propelled flight in the air and underwater. alcids have been viewed as northern hemisphere parallels to penguins, and have often been studied to see if their underwater flight comes at a cost, compromising their aerial flying ability. we examined the anatomy and histochemistry of select wing muscles (mm. pectoralis, supracoracoideus, latissimus dorsi caudalis, coracobrachialis caudalis, triceps scapularis, and scapulohumera ... | 2000 | 10761049 |
| organochlorine contaminants in eggs of seabirds in the northwest atlantic, 1968-1984. | eggs of three seabird species, double-crested cormorant (phalacrocorax auritus). leach's storm-petrel (oceanodroma leucorhoa), and atlantic puffin (fratercula arctica) were collected at four-year intervals from 1968 to 1984, from colonies in eastern canada and analyzed for organochlorines. this monitoring study was established to provide data on contamination of the marine environment and possible implications for seabird health. long-term trend data are presented for pcbs, dde, dieldrin, hcb, o ... | 1989 | 15092478 |
| mixed-function oxidase activity in seabirds and its relationship to oil pollution. | 1. the hepatic activity of epoxide hydrolase, aldrin epoxidase, aminopyrine n-demethylase, 7-ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase, benzo(a)pyrene 3-hydroxylase and udp glucuronyl transferase was determined in adult herring gulls (larus argentatus) at various stages of the breeding season. 2. mfo activity was measured for adult leach's storm-petrels (oceanodroma leucorhoa), guillemot (uria aalge) and atlantic puffins (fratercula arctica). for most assays the values were highest for the puffin. 3. mfo act ... | 1987 | 2890477 |
| a study of the rete testis epithelium in several wild birds. | material from six wild non-breeding starlings (sturnus vulgaris), twelve adult wild quelea (quelea quelea) in prenuptial, full and post-breeding condition and one wild puffin (fratercula arctica) was examined by light and electron microscopy. contrary to previous accounts of avian material, the epithelium of the rete testis was composed of a mixture of numerous non-ciliated and fewer ciliated cells. both cell types contained many inclusions in the cytoplasm all of which indicated that the cells ... | 1984 | 6706832 |
| organochlorine residues in two norwegian puffin (fratercula arctica) colonies. | residue levels of the chlorinated hydrocarbons hexachlorobenzene (hcb), polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), alpha-, beta-, and gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (hch), oxychlordane, trans-nonachlor, aldrin, and dieldrin in adult puffins (fratercula arctica) from two colonies in norway (røst 67 degrees 30'n and hornøy 70 degrees 20'n) showing differences in breeding performance were compared in 1982. furthermore, residue levels in puffin chicks from røst in 1982, when breeding failed totally, were compar ... | 1984 | 6084067 |
| dde-induced microsomal mixed-function oxidases in the puffin. (fratercula arctica). (fratercula arctica). | | 1977 | 861039 |
| determination of cadmium in the livers and kidneys of puffins by carbon furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. | a carbon furnace atomic absorption procedure is described for the determination of cadmium in the livers and kidneys of puffins, fratercula arctica. samples are dried and weighed and 2 to 100 mg are dissolved in sulphuric and nitric acids. these solutions are analysed directly in the carbon furnace against aqueous standards and provide accurate results in the range 0-1 to 100 micrograms/g dry weight. the method is simple and rapid and requires much less of the small total sample than would be re ... | 1976 | 1030692 |
| some observations on ion and water balance in the puffin, fratercula arctica. | | 1970 | 5448820 |
| mercury in wintering seabirds, an aggravating factor to winter wrecks? | every year, thousands of seabirds are cast ashore and are found dead along the coasts of north america and western europe. these massive mortality events called 'winter wrecks' have generally been attributed to harsh climatic conditions and prolonged storms which affect bird energy balance and impact their body condition. nevertheless, additional stress factors, such as contaminant body burden, could potentially cumulate to energy constraints and actively contribute to winter wrecks. however, th ... | 2015 | 25984703 |
| acetylcholinesterase activity in seabirds affected by the prestige oil spill on the galician coast (nw spain). | in november 2002, the tanker prestige broke in two and sank at the bottom of the ocean spilling about 70,000 t of fuel oil, which reached the coast of galicia. it was considered the largest spill in maritime history, greatly affecting marine and related avian species. the spilled fuel oil contained high concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs). many species were affected and were found dead, although ongoing research is still being carried out on the sublethal effects. in this s ... | 2007 | 17113132 |
| heavy metal and arsenic content in seabirds affected by the prestige oil spill on the galician coast (nw spain). | seabirds are top consumers in marine foodchains which offer opportunities to detect and assess the toxicological effects of different inorganic elements on the marine ecosystem. in order to provide baseline data concerning trace element levels in seabird species from nw spain, zinc, copper, arsenic, chromium, lead, cadmium and mercury concentrations were analyzed in liver of three different seabird species (common guillemot, atlantic puffin and razorbill) affected by the prestige oil spill in se ... | 2006 | 16696110 |
| an experimental test of host specialization in a ubiquitous polar ectoparasite: a role for adaptation? | the evolution of host specificity is considered to be an essential mechanism driving parasite diversity. it may be governed by adaptive constraints that lead to host-dependent fitness trade-offs. alternatively, specificity may arise via transmission constraints that isolate parasite populations, without necessarily involving adaptation per se. here, we ask whether the repeated observation of host-associated genetic races across the worldwide distribution of the seabird ectoparasite ixodes uriae ... | 2014 | 24467400 |
| corticosterone levels of atlantic puffins vary with breeding stage and sex but are not elevated in poor foraging years. | corticosterone (cort) levels in seabirds fluctuate across breeding stages and in different foraging conditions. here we use a ten-year data set to examine whether cort levels in atlantic puffins differ in years with high or low availability of capelin, the preferred forage species. female puffins had higher cort levels than males, possibly related to cumulative costs of egg production and higher parental investment. puffins had higher cort levels and body mass during pre-breeding than during chi ... | 2012 | 22732081 |
| clinical, gross, and histological findings in herring gulls and atlantic puffins that ingested prudhoe bay crude oil. | oral doses of 0, 1, 4, 5, 10, or 20 ml of prudhoe bay crude oil/kg body weight/day were given to herring gull and atlantic puffin nestlings for 5 to 7 consecutive days. gulls defecated substantial amounts of oil within 10 to 15 minutes after receiving a dose. clinical signs and lesions occurred only in birds given greater than or equal to 10 ml oil/kg body weight/day. gulls consumed less food and lost weight. two categories of lesions were observed: those considered secondary to a primary toxic ... | 1986 | 3727312 |
| morphological lesions in red blood cells from herring gulls and atlantic puffins ingesting prudhoe bay crude oil. | red blood cells from nestling herring gulls and atlantic puffins that had ingested 10 ml or more of a prudhoe bay crude oil/kg body weight/day for four to five days were examined by light and electron microscopy. in stained smears, red blood cells from oil-dosed birds were characterized by anisocytosis, poikilocytosis, reticulocytosis, and heinz body formation. in transmission electron micrographs, affected cells had intracytoplasmic and intranuclear heinz bodies, a variety of abnormal cytoplasm ... | 1985 | 2412333 |
| heinz-body hemolytic anemia from the ingestion of crude oil: a primary toxic effect in marine birds. | hemolytic anemia developed in young herring gulls and atlantic puffins given daily oral doses of a prudhoe bay crude oil. anemia developed 4 to 5 days after the initiation of oil ingestion and was accompanied by heinz-body formation and a strong regenerative response. the data evince a toxic effect on circulating red blood cells involving an oxidative biochemical mechanism and the first clear evidence of a primary mechanism of toxicity from the ingestion of crude oil by birds. | 1983 | 6844918 |
| new insight into avian papillomavirus ecology and evolution from characterization of novel wild bird papillomaviruses. | viruses in the family papillomaviridae have circular dsdna genomes of approximately 5.7-8.6 kb that are packaged within non-enveloped, icosahedral capsids. the known papillomavirus (pv) representatives infect vertebrates, and there are currently more than 130 recognized pv species in more than 50 genera. we identified 12 novel avian papillomavirus (apv) types in wild birds that could represent five distinct species and two genera. viruses were detected in paired oropharyngeal/cloacal swabs colle ... | 2019 | 31031718 |
| isotopic discrimination (δ15n, δ13c) in captive and wild common murres (uria aalge) and atlantic puffins (fratercula arctica). | studying the diet of consumers using stable isotopes provides insight into the foraging ecology of individuals and species. to accurately reconstruct the integrated diet of animals using stable isotope values, we must quantify diet-tissue discrimination factors (dtdfs), or the way in which stable isotopes in prey are incorporated into the tissues of consumers. to quantify dtdfs, controlled experiments are needed, whereby consumers are fed a constant diet. however, relatively few controlled-diet ... | 2020 | 32485127 |
| incidence of plastic ingestion in seabirds from the bay of biscay (southwestern europe). | seabirds have been widely used to monitor marine debris by the analysis of plastic ingestion. with the aim of obtaining the first data on ingestion of plastics by different seabird species in the bay of biscay and evaluating their suitability as biomonitors of plastic pollution in this area, a total of 159 seabirds of fifteen species were analyzed. plastics were found in 26 birds (16% of the individuals) of nine species (60% of the species). frequency of occurrence of plastics varied between 0% ... | 2019 | 31426171 |
| field-based hearing measurements of two seabird species. | hearing is a primary sensory modality for birds. for seabirds, auditory data is challenging to obtain and hearing data are limited. here, we present methods to measure seabird hearing in the field, using two alcid species: the common murre uria aalge and the atlantic puffin fratercula arctica tests were conducted in a portable semi-anechoic crate using physiological auditory evoked potential (aep) methods. the crate and aep system were easily transportable to northern iceland field sites, where ... | 2019 | 30777874 |
| combined bottom-up and top-down pressures drive catastrophic population declines of arctic skuas in scotland. | understanding drivers of population change is critical for effective species conservation. in the northeast atlantic ocean, recent changes amongst seabird communities are linked to human and climate change impacts on food webs. many species have declined severely, with food shortages, and increased predation reducing productivity. arctic skua stercorarius parasiticus, a kleptoparasite of other seabirds, is one such species. the aim of the study was to determine relative effects of bottom-up and ... | 2018 | 30155905 |
| foot web pentosidine does not covary strongly with age in four species of wild seabirds. | age is an important parameter for a variety of ecological applications, including population viability analyses, contaminants monitoring and targeting of individuals for conservation. while many organisms can be aged by annual rings, dentition and other techniques (i.e., fish otoliths, clam growth rings, mammal tooth wear), there are no minimally invasive biomarkers for accurately aging birds in the wild. for the past century, banding has been the only way to identify a bird of known age, which ... | 2020 | 31923625 |
| sympatric atlantic puffins and razorbills show contrasting responses to adverse marine conditions during winter foraging within the north sea. | natural environments are dynamic systems with conditions varying across years. higher trophic level consumers may respond to changes in the distribution and quality of available prey by moving to locate new resources or by switching diets. in order to persist, sympatric species with similar ecological niches may show contrasting foraging responses to changes in environmental conditions. however, in marine environments this assertion remains largely untested for highly mobile predators outside th ... | 2019 | 31695919 |
| ocular examinations and investigation of intraocular pressure, tear production, central corneal thickness, and corneal touch threshold in a captive flock of atlantic puffins (fratercula arctica). | ocular examinations were completed on a group of 10 atlantic puffins (fratercula arctica), 5 males and 5 females that ranged in age from 8 months to older than 30 years. the exams consisted of intraocular pressure/rebound tonometry, tear production/phenol red thread test, central corneal thickness/ultrasound pachymetry, and corneal sensitivity/esthesiometry. on ocular examination, there were no corneal abnormalities observed. bilateral cataracts were diagnosed in 8 puffins, 6 of which were consi ... | 2020 | 32702951 |
| a field study of auditory sensitivity of the atlantic puffin, fratercula arctica. | hearing is vital for birds as they rely on acoustic communication with parents, mates, chicks and conspecifics. amphibious seabirds face many ecological pressures, having to sense cues in air and underwater. natural noise conditions have helped shape this sensory modality but anthropogenic noise is increasingly impacting seabirds. surprisingly little is known about their hearing, despite their imperiled status. understanding sound sensitivity is vital when we seek to manage the impacts of man-ma ... | 2020 | 32561627 |
| evidence of tool use in a seabird. | documenting novel cases of tool use in wild animals can inform our understanding of the evolutionary drivers of the behavior's emergence in the natural world. we describe a previously unknown tool-use behavior for wild birds, so far only documented in the wild in primates and elephants. we observed 2 atlantic puffins at their breeding colonies, one in wales and the other in iceland (the latter captured on camera), spontaneously using a small wooden stick to scratch their bodies. the importance o ... | 2020 | 31889002 |
| it's about time: a synthesis of changing phenology in the gulf of maine ecosystem. | the timing of recurring biological and seasonal environmental events is changing on a global scale relative to temperature and other climate drivers. this study considers the gulf of maine ecosystem, a region of high social and ecological importance in the northwest atlantic ocean and synthesizes current knowledge of (a) key seasonal processes, patterns, and events; (b) direct evidence for shifts in timing; (c) implications of phenological responses for linked ecological-human systems; and (d) p ... | 2019 | 31598058 |
| tidal drift removes the need for area-restricted search in foraging atlantic puffins. | understanding how animals forage is a central objective in ecology. theory suggests that where food is uniformly distributed, brownian movement ensures the maximum prey encounter rate, but when prey is patchy, the optimal strategy resembles a lévy walk where area-restricted search (ars) is interspersed with commuting between prey patches. such movement appears ubiquitous in high trophic-level marine predators. here, we report foraging and diving behaviour in a seabird with a high cost of flight, ... | 2019 | 31288687 |
| ocean-wide drivers of migration strategies and their influence on population breeding performance in a declining seabird. | which factors shape animals' migration movements across large geographical scales, how different migratory strategies emerge between populations, and how these may affect population dynamics are central questions in the field of animal migration [1] that only large-scale studies of migration patterns across a species' range can answer [2]. to address these questions, we track the migration of 270 atlantic puffins fratercula arctica, a red-listed, declining seabird, across their entire breeding r ... | 2017 | 29199078 |