| amino acid synthesis by pseudomonas melophthora, bacterial symbiote of rhagoletis pomonella (diptera). | | 1968 | 5649231 |
| volatiles production and attractiveness to the mexican fruit fly of enterobacter agglomerans isolated from apple maggot and mexican fruit flies. | we investigated two strains of uricase (+) enterobacter agglomerans, one isolated from the apple maggot fly (amf) and one from the mexican fruit fly (mff), for 1) attractiveness to mff, and 2) production of attractive chemicals. regarding chemicals demonstrated attractive to the mff, the mff bacterial strain produced more 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, 2-phenylethanol, and indole than the amf strain, whereas the amf, but not the mff strain, produced 3-hydroxybutanone. cell types that predominated in plat ... | 2004 | 15503523 |
| host plant and latitude-related diapause variation in rhagoletis pomonella: a test for multifaceted life history adaptation on different stages of diapause development. | variation in the overwintering pupal diapause of rhagoletis pomonella appears to adapt sympatric populations of the fly to seasonal differences in the fruiting times of their host plants, generating ecological reproductive isolation. here, we investigate what aspects of diapause development are differentially affected (1) by comparing the propensities of apple vs. hawthorn-infesting host races of r. pomonella to forgo an initially deep diapause and directly develop into adults, and (2) by determ ... | 2007 | 17956381 |
| radiation and divergence in the rhagoletis pomonella species complex: inferences from dna sequence data. | here, we investigate the evolutionary history and pattern of genetic divergence in the rhagoletis pomonella (diptera: tephritidae) sibling species complex, a model for sympatric speciation via host plant shifting, using 11 anonymous nuclear genes and mtdna. we report that dna sequence results largely coincide with those of previous allozyme studies. rhagoletis cornivora was basal in the complex, distinguished by fixed substitutions at all loci. gene trees did not provide reciprocally monophyleti ... | 2008 | 18312319 |
| abundance of apple maggot, rhagoletis pomonella, across different areas in central washington, with special reference to black-fruited hawthorns. | the apple maggot fly, rhagoletis pomonella (walsh) (diptera: tephritidae), infests non-commercial apple (malus domestica (borkh.) borkh.) and native black-fruited hawthorns (mostly crataegus douglasii lindl.) in central washington, but little has been published on the abundance of the fly in this region. in this paper, the abundance of r. pomonella across different sites near apple-growing areas in central washington is documented in order to assess the threat of the fly to commercial apple orch ... | 2012 | 23451979 |
| integrated assessment of climate change impact on surface runoff contamination by pesticides. | pesticide transport by surface runoff depends on climate, agricultural practices, topography, soil characteristics, crop type, and pest phenology. to accurately assess the impact of climate change, these factors must be accounted for in a single framework by integrating their interaction and uncertainty. this article presents the development and application of a framework to assess the impact of climate change on pesticide transport by surface runoff in southern québec (canada) for the 1981-2040 ... | 2016 | 26331624 |
| hybridization and the spread of the apple maggot fly, rhagoletis pomonella (diptera: tephritidae), in the northwestern united states. | hybridization may be an important process interjecting variation into insect populations enabling host plant shifts and the origin of new economic pests. here, we examine whether hybridization between the native snowberry-infesting fruit fly rhagoletis zephyria (snow) and the introduced quarantine pest r. pomonella (walsh) is occurring and may aid the spread of the latter into more arid commercial apple-growing regions of central washington state, usa. results for 19 microsatellites implied hybr ... | 2015 | 26366200 |
| genetic identification of an unknown rhagoletis fruit fly (diptera: tephritidae) infesting chinese crabapple: implications for apple pest management. | the apple maggot, rhagoletis pomonella (walsh) (diptera: tephritidae), is a serious introduced quarantine pest in the apple (malus spp.)-growing regions of central washington and oregon. in august 2011, seven fly larvae of unknown origin were discovered infesting fruit of an exotic chinese crabapple, malus spectabilis (aiton) borkhausen, in kennewick, benton county, wa. if confirmed, chinese crabapple would have represented a new host for r. pomonella in washington and triggered quarantine measu ... | 2013 | 23865221 |
| lethal and sublethal effects of chlorantraniliprole on three species of rhagoletis fruit flies (diptera: tephritidae). | chlorantraniliprole formulated as a 350 g kg(-1) wg (altacor 35wg) for management of apple maggot rhagoletis pomonella (walsh), blueberry maggot r. mendax curran and cherry fruit fly r. cingulata (loew) (diptera: tephritidae) was evaluated in laboratory assays and field trials. | 2009 | 18937218 |
| protection of fruit against infestation by apple maggot and blueberry maggot (diptera: tephritidae) using compounds containing spinosad. | two insecticide formulations containing the naturalyte insecticide spinosad, gf-120 fruit fly bait and spintor 2 sc, were compared for control of apple maggot, rhagoletis pomonella (walsh), and blueberry maggot, rhagoletis mendax curran. in 2002 and 2003, larval infestation in blueberries and apples was significantly lower in plots treated with gf-120 (spinosad bait) or spintor than in untreated control plots. fruit fly infestation in apples was reduced by 67% in 2002 after weekly application of ... | 2005 | 15889735 |
| arsenates: effect on fecundity in some diptera. | four species of adult diptera, rhagoletis pomonella (walsh), drosophila melanogaster mg., drosophila hydei sturt., and musca domestica l. showed varying degrees of reduced fecundity when sublethal doses of arsenic were included in their food. the possible influence of the frequent use of arsenicals on arthropod populations is discussed. | 1963 | 17829544 |
| localization of ribosomal dna in rhagoletis pomonella (diptera: tephritidae) by in situ hybridization. | the ribosomal dna (rdna) of rhagoletis pomonella was localized within both salivary gland polytene chromosomes and somatic cell mitotic chromosomes by in situ hybridization using the heterospecific drosophila melanogaster rdna clone, dm238. in situ hybridization analysis of polytene nuclei showed that r. pomonella rdna is located in the nucleolus and adjacent granular network of chromosome 1. the site of origin of rdna is within this isomorphic granular network. the preservation of nucleolar ult ... | 1993 | 9087554 |
| identification of the antibiotic phomalactone from the entomopathogenic fungushirsutella thompsonii var.synnematosa. | dichloromethane extracts of culture broth from three strains of the entomopathogenic fungushirsutella thompsonii var.synnematosa were toxic to two species of tephritid fruit fly and inhibited conidial germination in vitro in several other entomopathogenic fungi includingbeauveria bassiana, tolypocladium spp., andmetarhizium anisopliae. a major metabolite, toxic to apple maggot,rhagoletis pomonella, and inhibitory to conidial germination inb. bassiana, was isolated and identified as the antibioti ... | 1994 | 24242054 |
| paraffin wax emulsion for increased rainfastness of insecticidal bait to control rhagoletis pomonella (diptera: tephritidae). | in regions with a humid summer climate, the use of water-soluble bait to control apple maggot is often limited by rainfall. we studied increasing the rainfastness of gf-120 fruit fly bait by adding paraffin wax emulsion. first, we verified that adding 10% wax to a mixture containing 16.7% gf-120 did not reduce the mortality of female apple maggot compared with gf-120 without wax. in addition, we determined that fly mortality caused by gf-120 plus wax subjected to simulated rain was similar to th ... | 2009 | 19610426 |
| an est database of the caribbean fruit fly, anastrepha suspensa (diptera: tephritidae). | invasive tephritid fruit flies are a great threat to agriculture worldwide and warrant serious pest control measures. molecular strategies that promote embryonic lethality in these agricultural pests are limited by the small amount of nucleotide sequence data available for tephritids. to increase the dataset for sequence mining, we generated an est database by 454 sequencing of the caribfly, anastrepha suspensa, a model tephritid pest. this database yielded 95,803 assembled sequences with 24% id ... | 2013 | 23296060 |
| intra- and interspecific competition and host race formation in the apple maggot fly, rhagoletis pomonella (diptera: tephritidae). | intra- and interspecific resource competition are potentially important factors affecting host plant use by phytophagous insects. in particular, escape from competitors could mediate a successful host shift by compensating for decreased feeding performance on a new plant. here, we examine the question of host plant-dependent competition for apple (malus pumila)- and hawthorn (crataegus mollis)-infesting larvae of the apple maggot fly, rhagoletis pomonella (diptera: tephritidae) at a field site n ... | 1995 | 28306956 |
| evaluation of border sprays for managing the codling moth (tortricidae: lepidoptera) and the apple maggot (tephritidae: diptera) in ontario apple orchards. | the efficacy of two insecticide control programs for managing the codling moth, cydia pomonella (l.), and the apple maggot, rhagoletis pomonella (walsh), were compared in the georgian bay, london, niagara, and quinte apple production areas of ontario during 1995, 1996, and 1997. in the border spray program, an initial cover spray of organophosphorus insecticide was applied to eradicate codling moths that may have colonized a test plot during the previous growing season. subsequent sprays were ap ... | 2000 | 10902330 |
| rapid and repeatable shifts in life-history timing of rhagoletis pomonella (diptera: tephritidae) following colonization of novel host plants in the pacific northwestern united states. | host shifts of phytophagous insect specialists to novel plants can result in divergent ecological adaptation, generating reproductive isolation and potentially new species. rhagoletis pomonella fruit flies in eastern north america underwent a host shift ~160 ya from native downy hawthorn (crataegus mollis) to introduced, domesticated apple (malus domestica). divergent selection on diapause phenology related to the earlier fruiting time of apples versus downy hawthorns resulted in partial allochr ... | 2015 | 26811757 |
| identification of host fruit volatiles from flowering dogwood (cornus florida) attractive to dogwood-origin rhagoletis pomonella flies. | solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography coupled with electroantennographic detection were used to identify volatiles from fruit of flowering dogwood, cornus florida, as key attractants for rhagoletis pomonella flies originating from dogwood fruit. a six-component blend containing ethyl acetate (54.9%), 3-methylbutan-1-ol (27.5%), isoamyl acetate (0.9%), dimethyl trisulfide (1.9%), 1-octen-3-ol (9.1%), and beta-caryophyllene (5.8%) was identified from flowering dogwood fruit that gave ... | 2003 | 14682516 |
| postzygotic isolating factor in sympatric speciation in rhagoletis flies: reduced response of hybrids to parental host-fruit odors. | rhagoletis pomonella is a model for sympatric speciation (divergence without geographic isolation) by means of host-plant shifts. many rhagoletis species are known to use fruit odor as a key olfactory cue to distinguish among their respective host plants. because rhagoletis rendezvous on or near the unabscised fruit of their hosts to mate, behavioral preferences for fruit odor translate directly into premating reproductive isolation among flies. here, we report that reciprocal f(1) hybrids betwe ... | 2004 | 15591346 |
| habitat avoidance: overlooking an important aspect of host-specific mating and sympatric speciation? | understanding speciation requires discerning how reproductive barriers to gene flow evolve between previously interbreeding populations. models of sympatric speciation for phytophagous insects posit that reproductive isolation can evolve in the absence of geographic isolation as a consequence of an insect shifting and ecologically adapting to a new host plant. one important adaptation contributing to sympatric differentiation is host-specific mating. when organisms mate in preferred habitats, a ... | 2005 | 16153040 |
| identification of fruit volatiles from green hawthorn (crataegus viridis) and blueberry hawthorn (crataegus brachyacantha) host plants attractive to different phenotypes of rhagoletis pomonella flies in the southern united states. | the apple maggot fly, rhagoletis pomonella, infests several hawthorn species in the southern usa. in a companion paper, we showed that r. pomonella flies infesting two different mayhaw species (crataegus opaca and c. aestivalis) can discriminate between volatile blends developed for each host fruit, and that these blends are different from previously constructed blends for northern fly populations that infest domestic apple (malus domestica), downy hawthorn (crataegus mollis), and flowering dogw ... | 2011 | 21887525 |
| genetic divergence along the speciation continuum: the transition from host race to species in rhagoletis (diptera: tephritidae). | studies of related populations varying in their degrees of reproductive isolation can provide insights into speciation. here, the transition from partially isolated host races to more fully separated sibling species is investigated by comparing patterns of genetic differentiation between recently evolved (∼150 generations) apple and ancestral hawthorn-infesting populations of rhagoletis pomonella to their sister taxon, the undescribed flowering dogwood fly attacking cornus florida. no fixed or d ... | 2013 | 24033167 |
| assessing the risk of invasion by tephritid fruit flies: intraspecific divergence matters. | widely distributed species often show strong phylogeographic structure, with lineages potentially adapted to different biotic and abiotic conditions. the success of an invasion process may thus depend on the intraspecific identity of the introduced propagules. however, pest risk analyses are usually performed without accounting for intraspecific diversity. in this study, we developed bioclimatic models using maxent and boosted regression trees approaches, to predict the potential distribution in ... | 2015 | 26274582 |
| occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi in tejocote (crataegus mexicana) orchard soils and their pathogenicity against rhagoletis pomonella. | to determine the abundance and diversity of entomopathogenic fungi in tejocote orchard soils and evaluate their ability to infect rhagoletis pomonella walsh., the main pest of tejocote. | 2014 | 25081747 |
| sympatric ecological speciation meets pyrosequencing: sampling the transcriptome of the apple maggot rhagoletis pomonella. | the full power of modern genetics has been applied to the study of speciation in only a small handful of genetic model species--all of which speciated allopatrically. here we report the first large expressed sequence tag (est) study of a candidate for ecological sympatric speciation, the apple maggot rhagoletis pomonella, using massively parallel pyrosequencing on the roche 454-flx platform. to maximize transcript diversity we created and sequenced separate libraries from larvae, pupae, adult he ... | 2009 | 20035631 |
| potential of "lure and kill" in long-term pest management and eradication of invasive species. | "lure and kill" technology has been used for several decades in pest management and eradication of invasive species. in lure and kill, the insect pest attracted by a semiochemical lure is not "entrapped" at the source of the attractant as in mass trapping, but instead the insect is subjected to a killing agent, which eliminates affected individuals from the population after a short period. in past decades, a growing scientific literature has been published on this concept. this article provides ... | 2009 | 19610395 |
| latitudinal variation in parasitoid guild composition and parasitism rates of north american hawthorn infesting rhagoletis. | rhagoletis pomonella (diptera: tephritidae) populations in north america have diverged by exploiting host plants with varying fruiting phenologies in environments that differ markedly in temperature and humidity. as a result, four genetically and ecologically distinct r. pomonella populations that display partial reproductive isolation have evolved. host shifting by rhagoletis and similar evolutionary histories could have had cascading effects across trophic levels, influencing the diversity and ... | 2009 | 19508767 |
| biphasic metabolic rate trajectory of pupal diapause termination and post-diapause development in a tephritid fly. | metabolic depression is a highly conserved feature of insect diapause, and an increase in metabolism is a reliable indicator of diapause termination and the initiation of post-diapause development. the trajectory of metabolic rate following diapause termination can guide the identification of important physiological and developmental landmarks during this developmental transition, yet quantitative descriptions of these trajectories are relatively rare. here we track changes in metabolic rate fro ... | 2009 | 19200436 |
| particle films for managing arthropod pests of apple. | a two-season study showed that a calendar-based spray program to manage arthropod pests with kaolin (60 g/liter) applied at the rate of 450 liters/ha was effective against european apple sawfly, hoplocampa testudinea (klug) (hymenoptera: tenthredinidae); white apple leafhopper, typhlocyba pomaria mcatee (homoptera: cicadellidae); apple red bug, lygidea mendax reuter (heteroptera: miridae); pear plant bug, lygocoris communis (knight) (heteroptera: miridae); and the apple rust mite, aculus schlech ... | 2008 | 18330129 |
| effects of five insecticides used in apple orchards on hyaliodes vitripennis (say) (hemiptera: miridae). | azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, dimethoate, phosmet and phosalone were used in apple orchards to manage apple aphid, apple maggot, woolly apple aphid and leaf eating caterpillars. among the five insecticides evaluated, dimethoate, carbaryl and azinphosmethyl were the most toxic to the nymphs and adults of hyaliodes vitripennis (say) from two regions. phosalone was the least toxic. nymphs were more resistant than the adults. while the lc50 for dimethoate was 130 ppm for nymphs, it was 3 ppm for adults ... | 2000 | 10736765 |
| genetic evidence for the introduction of rhagoletis pomonella (diptera: tephritidae) into the northwestern united states. | the apple maggot fly, rhagoletis pomonella walsh (diptera: tephritidae), is a serious quarantine pest in the apple-growing regions of central washington and oregon. the fly is believed to have been introduced into the pacific northwest via the transport of larval-infested apples near portland, oregon, within the last 40 yr. however, r. pomonella also attacks native black hawthorn, crataegus douglasii lindley (rosales: rosaceae), and introduced ornamental hawthorn, crataegus monogyna jacquin, in ... | 2017 | 29029209 |
| the chemosensory basis for behavioral divergence involved in sympatric host shifts. i. characterizing olfactory receptor neuron classes responding to key host volatiles. | the recent shift of rhagoletis pomonella from its native host hawthorn to introduced, domestic apple has been implicated as an example of sympatric speciation. recent studies suggest that host volatile preference might play a fundamental role in host shifts and subsequent speciation in this group. single sensillum electrophysiology was used to test a proposed hypothesis that differences in r. pomonella olfactory preference are due to changes in the number or odor specificity of olfactory recepto ... | 2006 | 16315069 |
| behavioral evidence for host fidelity among populations of the parasitic wasp, diachasma alloeum (muesebeck). | the concept of "host fidelity," where host-specific mating occurs in close proximity to the oviposition site and location of larval development, is thought to impart a pre-mating isolation mechanism for sympatric speciation (sensu members of the genus rhagoletis). the apple maggot fly, rhagoletis pomonella, and the blueberry maggot fly, r. mendax, are morphologically similar sibling species thought to have speciated in sympatry by divergence of host plant association. both of these fly species a ... | 2005 | 15605254 |
| comparison of neonicotinoid insecticides for use with biodegradable and wooden spheres for control of key rhagoletis species (diptera: tephritidae). | field-based studies and laboratory bioassays were conducted with apple maggot, rhagoletis pomonella (walsh), and blueberry maggot, rhgoletis mendax curran, flies to investigate the performance and duration of activity of insecticide-treated biodegradable and wooden spheres for control of rhagoletis species. four neonicotinoid insecticide treatments including imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, and thiocloprid at 2% (ai) were evaluated with biodegradable spheres. in 1999, significantly more apple maggot ... | 2001 | 11681677 |
| comparative responses of rhagoletis zephyria and rhagoletis pomonella (diptera: tephritidae) to commercial and experimental sticky traps and odors in washington state. | rhagoletis zephyria snow and rhagoletis pomonella (walsh) (diptera: tephritidae) are morphologically similar flies that attack white-colored snowberry fruit (symphoricarpos spp.) and yellow/red or dark-colored apple/hawthorn fruit (malus/crataegus spp.), respectively. the two flies are caught together on traps in r. pomonella surveys in the western united states, increasing labor needed to process catches. comparing responses of the two species with different traps could help identify best pract ... | 2017 | 29028975 |
| development of a low-cost and effective trapping device for apple maggot fly (diptera: tephritidae) monitoring and control in mexican commercial hawthorn groves. | few efforts have been made in mexico to monitor rhagoletis pomonella (walsh) (diptera: tephritidae) in commercial hawthorn (crataegus spp.) crops. therefore, the main objectives of this study were to evaluate infestation levels of r. pomonella in feral and commercial mexican hawthorn and to assess the efficacy of different trap-lure combinations to monitor the pest. wild hawthorn was more infested than commercially grown hawthorn at the sample site. no differences among four commercial baits (bi ... | 2017 | 28854648 |
| the genetic structure of hawthorn-infesting rhagoletis pomonella populations in mexico: implications for sympatric host race formation. | the genetic origins of species may not all trace to the same time and place as the proximate cause(s) for population divergence. moreover, inherent gene-flow barriers separating populations may not all have evolved under the same geographical circumstances. these considerations have lead to a greater appreciation of the plurality of speciation: that one geographical mode for divergence may not always be sufficient to describe a speciation event. the apple maggot fly, rhagoletis pomonella, a mode ... | 2007 | 17614903 |
| evidence for inversion polymorphism related to sympatric host race formation in the apple maggot fly, rhagoletis pomonella. | evidence suggests that the apple maggot, rhagoletis pomonella (diptera: tephritidae) is undergoing sympatric speciation (i.e., divergence without geographic isolation) in the process of shifting and adapting to a new host plant. prior to the introduction of cultivated apples (malus pumila) in north america, r. pomonella infested the fruit of native hawthorns (crataegus spp.). however, sometime in the mid-1800s the fly formed a sympatric race on apple. the recently derived apple-infesting race sh ... | 2003 | 12663534 |
| radiation and divergence in the rhagoletis pomonella species group: inferences from allozymes. | the rhagoletis pomonella species group has for decades been a focal point for debate over the possibility of sympatric speciation via host shift. here i present the first extensive analysis of genetic (allozyme) divergence in the pomonella group, including all known taxa/populations except the allopatric mexican population of r. pomonella. the phylogeny is estimated for all four described species (pomonella, mendax, zephyria, and cornivora) plus two undescribed species (the "flowering dogwood fl ... | 2000 | 10937231 |
| host race or species? allozyme characterization of the 'flowering dogwood fly', a member of the rhagoletis pomonella complex. | the term 'flowering dogwood fly' has been used in the literature for a poorly understood member of the rhagoletis pomonella sibling species complex infesting the fruits of flowering dogwood (cornus florida). electrophoretic analysis of 17 allozyme loci in 21 populations reveals significant frequency differences between the flowering dogwood fly and its closest relative the apple maggot fly, r. pomonella, and between it and the somewhat more distant 'sparkleberry fly'. frequency differences betwe ... | 1999 | 10651909 |
| molecular species identification of cryptic apple and snowberry maggots (diptera: tephritidae) in western and central washington. | in washington state, identification of the quarantine apple pest rhagoletis pomonella (walsh) is complicated by the presence of the cryptic species rhagoletis zephyria snow (diptera: tephritidae). distinguishing the two flies is important because there is a zero tolerance policy for r. pomonella in apple production for export. here, we attempt to distinguish the two species by scoring r. pomonella and r. zephyria populations from western and south-central washington for a set of 11 nuclear marke ... | 2013 | 24331621 |
| integration of insecticidal, phagostimulatory, and visual elements of an attract and kill system for apple maggot fly (diptera: tephritidae). | the apple maggot fly, rhagoletis pomonella (walsh), is a key pest of apple in eastern north america that has been historically controlled with organophosphate insecticide applications. here we report on progress toward development of an effective and maintenance-free attracticidal sphere system for this pest species. in our studies, we evaluated lethality of spinosad in combination with a feeding stimulant (sucrose) to replace a tangletrap sticky coating as the killing agent of a sphere-based be ... | 2012 | 23156149 |
| blood cholinesterase in rats fed an insect resistance apple clone containing a natural cholinesterase inhibitor. | a crab apple clone (malus brevipes 1021), highly resistant to the apple maggot, is being used in breeding programs developing commercial apple cultivars. this study has discovered that this crab apple contains a natural cholinesterase (che) inhibitor that caused a 17.5% in vitro inhibition of rat blood che activity. this crab apple also showed a relatively high total (titratable) acidity of 1.28%. the commercial, nonresistant, apple cultivar mcintosh was capable of causing a 7.9% inhibition of b ... | 1994 | 8277525 |
| evolution of site-selection stabilizes population dynamics, promotes even distribution of individuals, and occasionally causes evolutionary suicide. | species that compete for access to or use of sites, such as parasitic mites attaching to honey bees or apple maggots laying eggs in fruits, can potentially increase their fitness by carefully selecting sites at which they face little or no competition. here, we systematically investigate the evolution of site-selection strategies among animals competing for discrete sites. by developing and analyzing a mechanistic and population-dynamical model of site selection in which searching individuals en ... | 0 | 27647007 |
| mapping global potential risk of establishment of rhagoletis pomonella (diptera: tephritidae) using maxent and climex niche models. | the apple maggot, rhagoletis pomonella (walsh) (diptera: tephritidae), is a major quarantine pest of apples (malus domestica borkhausen) in the united states. apple maggot is found only in north america and negatively impacts the apple industry in the western united states by reducing grower access to export markets. to reduce the threat of apple maggot to export countries and to facilitate the movement of commercial apples, an assessment of potential risk of establishment of apple maggot is nee ... | 2016 | 27452001 |
| inclusion of specialist and generalist stimuli in attract-and-kill programs: their relative efficacy in apple maggot fly (diptera: tephritidae) pest management. | investigating the chemical ecology of agricultural systems continues to be a salient part of integrated pest management programs. apple maggot fly, a key pest of apple in eastern north america, is a visual specialist with attraction to host fruit-mimicking cues. these cues have been incorporated into red spherical traps used for both monitoring and behaviorally based management. incorporating generalist or specialist olfactory cues can potentially increase the overall success of this management ... | 2016 | 27330148 |
| ammonium carbonate is more attractive than apple and hawthorn fruit volatile lures to rhagoletis pomonella (diptera: tephritidae) in washington state. | the apple maggot fly, rhagoletis pomonella (walsh), is an introduced, quarantine pest of apple (malus domestica borkhausen) in the pacific northwest of the united states. in the eastern united states where the fly is native, fruit volatiles have been reported to be more attractive than ammonia compounds to r. pomonella. however, the opposite may be true in the western united states. here, we determined whether newly identified western apple and western hawthorn fruit volatiles are more attractiv ... | 2014 | 24915519 |
| ecological adaptation and reproductive isolation in sympatry: genetic and phenotypic evidence for native host races of rhagoletis pomonella. | ecological speciation with gene flow may be an important mode of diversification for phytophagous insects. the recent shift of rhagoletis pomonella from its native host downy hawthorn (crataegus mollis) to introduced apple (malus domestica) in the northeastern united states is a classic example of sympatric host race formation. here, we test whether r. pomonella has similarly formed host races on four native crataegus species in the southern united states: western mayhaw (c. opaca), blueberry ha ... | 2014 | 24351094 |
| sequential sympatric speciation across trophic levels. | a major cause for biodiversity may be biodiversity itself. as new species form, they may create new niches for others to exploit, potentially catalyzing a chain reaction of speciation events across trophic levels. we tested for such sequential radiation in the rhagoletis pomonella (diptera: tephritidae) complex, a model for sympatric speciation via host plant shifting. we report that the parasitic wasp diachasma alloeum (hymenoptera: braconidae) has formed new incipient species as a result of sp ... | 2009 | 19197063 |
| potential for hypobaric storage as a phytosanitary treatment: mortality of rhagoletis pomonella (diptera: tephritidae) in apples and effects on fruit quality. | the efficacy of low-oxygen atmospheres using low pressure, referred to as hypobaric conditions, to kill egg and third-instar rhagoletis pomonella (walsh) in apples was investigated. infested apples were exposed to 3.33 and 6.67 kpa in glass jars at 25 and 30 degrees c for times ranging from 3 to 120 h. probit analyses and lethal dose ratio tests were performed to determine differences in lethal time values. eggs were more tolerant of low pressure compared with third-instar r. pomonella. mortalit ... | 2013 | 23865181 |
| behavioral evidence for fruit odor discrimination and sympatric host races of rhagoletis pomonella flies in the western united states. | the recent shift of rhagoletis pomonella (diptera: tephritidae) from its native host downy hawthorn, crataegus mollis, to introduced domesticated apple, malus domestica, in the eastern united states is a model for sympatric host race formation. however, the fly is also present in the western united states, where it may have been introduced via infested apples within the last 60 years. in addition to apple, r. pomonella also infests two hawthorns in the west, one the native black hawthorn, c. dou ... | 2012 | 23106724 |
| on the scent of standing variation for speciation: behavioral evidence for native sympatric host races of rhagoletis pomonella (diptera: tephritidae) in the southern united states. | standing variation can be critical for speciation. here, we investigate the origins of fruit odor discrimination for rhagoletis pomonella underlying the fly's sympatric shift in the northeastern united states from downy hawthorn (crataegus mollis) to apple (malus domestica). because r. pomonella mate on host fruit, preferences for natal fruit volatiles generate prezygotic isolation. apples emit volatiles that appear to be missing from gas chromatography/electroantennographic detection profiles f ... | 2012 | 22946800 |
| a field test for host fruit odour discrimination and avoidance behaviour for rhagoletis pomonella flies in the western united states. | prezygotic isolation due to habitat choice is important to many models of speciation-with-gene-flow. habitat choice is usually thought to occur through positive preferences of organisms for particular environments. however, avoidance of non-natal environments may also play a role in choice and have repercussions for post-zygotic isolation that preference does not. the recent host shift of rhagoletis pomonella (diptera: tephritidae) from downy hawthorn, crataegus mollis, to introduced apple, malu ... | 2012 | 22435643 |
| identification of host fruit volatiles from domestic apple (malus domestica), native black hawthorn (crataegus douglasii) and introduced ornamental hawthorn (c. monogyna) attractive to rhagoletis pomonella flies from the western united states. | the apple maggot fly, rhagoletis pomonella, infests apple (malus domestica) and hawthorn species (most notably the downy hawthorn, crataegus mollis) in the eastern usa. evidence suggests that the fly was introduced into the western usa sometime in the last 60 years. in addition to apple, r. pomonella also infests two species of hawthorns in the western usa as major hosts: the native black hawthorn (c. douglasii) and the introduced ornamental english hawthorn, c. monogyna. apple and downy hawthor ... | 2012 | 22399441 |
| identification of host fruit volatiles from three mayhaw species (crataegus series aestivales) attractive to mayhaw-origin rhagoletis pomonella flies in the southern united states. | the apple maggot fly, rhagoletis pomonella, infests several hawthorn species in the southern usa. here, we tested the hypothesis that these populations could serve as reservoirs for fruit odor discrimination behaviors facilitating sympatric host race formation and speciation, specifically the recent shift from downy hawthorn (crataegus mollis) to domestic apple (malus domestica) in the northern usa. coupled gas chromatography and electroantennographic detection (gc-ead), gas chromatography with ... | 2011 | 21892724 |
| susceptibility of fruit from diverse apple and crabapple germplasm to attack from apple maggot (diptera: tephritidae). | apple maggot, rhagoletis pomonella (walsh) (diptera: tephritidae), is a pest of major concern to apple, malus x domestica (borkh.) production in eastern north america. host plant resistance to apple maggot among apple germplasm has been previously evaluated among a small number of exotic malus accessions and domestic hybrid selections. however, a large number of exotic accessions housed in usda collections have never been evaluated for their susceptibility to apple pests. additionally, previous ... | 2008 | 18330137 |
| irradiation disinfestation of apple maggot (diptera: tephritidae) in hypoxic and low-temperature storage. | apple maggot, rhagoletis pomonella (walsh), is a quarantine pest of apples, malus domestica borkhausen, and pears, pyrus communis l., shipped from much of the united states and canada. as such, these fruits shipped from infested areas to uninfested areas must undergo a quarantine disinfestation treatment. the objective of this research was to develop irradiation quarantine treatments against apple maggot considering that fruit hosts may be stored under hypoxic or cold conditions when they are ir ... | 2004 | 15384333 |
| sensory specificity and speciation: a potential neuronal pathway for host fruit odour discrimination in rhagoletis pomonella. | behavioural changes in habitat or mate choice can trigger population divergence, leading to speciation. however, little is known about the neurological bases for such changes. rhagoletis pomonella (diptera: tephritidae) is a model for ecological speciation via host plant shifts. within the past 180 years, rhagoletis flies infesting hawthorn (crataegus spp.) shifted to attack domesticated apple (malus pumila). the two populations differ in their olfactory preferences for apple versus hawthorn fru ... | 2016 | 28003447 |
| natural selection and sympatric divergence in the apple maggot rhagoletis pomonella. | in on the origin of species, darwin proposed that natural selection had a fundamental role in speciation. but this view receded during the modern synthesis when allopatric (geographic) models of speciation were integrated with genetic studies of hybrid sterility and inviability. the sympatric hypothesis posits that ecological specialization after a host shift can result in speciation in the absence of complete geographic isolation. the apple maggot, rhagoletis pomonella, is a model for sympatric ... | 2000 | 11048719 |
| selective maintenance of allozyme differences among sympatric host races of the apple maggot fly. | whether phytophagous insects can speciate in sympatry when they shift and adapt to new host plants is a controversial question. one essential requirement for sympatric speciation is that disruptive selection outweighs gene flow between insect populations using different host plants. empirical support for host-related selection (i.e., fitness trade-offs) is scant, however. here, we test for host-dependent selection acting on apple (malus pumila)- and hawthorn (crataegus spp.)-infesting races of r ... | 1997 | 11038585 |
| a field test for host-plant dependent selection on larvae of the apple maggot fly, rhagoletis pomonella. | host-plant dependent fitness trade-offs refer to traits that enhance the performance of an insect on one plant species to its detriment on others. such trade-offs are central to models of sympatric speciation via host shifts, but have proven difficult to empirically demonstrate. here, we test for host-plant dependent selection on larvae of apple (malus pumila l.)- and hawthorn (crataegus mollis l. spp.)-infesting races of rhagoletis pomonella (walsh). samples of larvae were reared in the field a ... | 1999 | 28565200 |
| the effects of winter length on the genetics of apple and hawthorn races of rhagoletis pomonella (diptera: tephritidae). | host plant-associated fitness trade-offs are central to models of sympatric speciation proposed for certain phytophagous insects. but empirical evidence for such trade-offs is scant, which has called into question the likelihood of nonallopatric speciation. here, we report on the second in a series of studies testing for host-related selection on pupal life-history characteristics of apple- (malus pumila l.) and hawthorn- (crataegus mollis l. spp.) infesting races of the tephritid fruit fly, rha ... | 1997 | 28565109 |
| the effect of prior adult experience on components of habitat preference in the apple maggot fly (rhagoletis pomonella). | numerous authors have suggested that genetic subdivision within a population in a heterogeneous environment is more likely if individuals tend, through prior experience, to breed in the same habitat in which they developed. under semi-field conditions we demonstrate that prior adult experience alters habitat preference in the apple maggot fly, rhagoletis pomonella (tephritidae), a frugivorous parasitic insect thought to have undergone sympatric divergence in host use in historical times. females ... | 1988 | 28312404 |
| a test of genomic modularity among life-history adaptations promoting speciation with gene flow. | speciation with gene flow may require adaptive divergence of multiple traits to generate strong ecologically based reproductive isolation. extensive negative pleiotropy or physical linkage of genes in the wrong phase affecting these diverging traits may therefore hinder speciation, while genetic independence or "modularity" among phenotypic traits may reduce constraints and facilitate divergence. here, we test whether the genetics underlying two components of diapause life history, initial diapa ... | 2017 | 28500772 |
| divergence of the diapause transcriptome in apple maggot flies: winter regulation and post-winter transcriptional repression. | the duration of dormancy regulates seasonal timing in many organisms and may be modulated by day length and temperature. though photoperiodic modulation has been well studied, temperature modulation of dormancy has received less attention. here, we leverage genetic variation in diapause in the apple maggot fly, rhagoletis pomonella, to test whether gene expression during winter or following spring warming regulates diapause duration. we used rnaseq to compare transcript abundance during and afte ... | 2016 | 27312473 |
| sequential divergence and the multiplicative origin of community diversity. | phenotypic and genetic variation in one species can influence the composition of interacting organisms within communities and across ecosystems. as a result, the divergence of one species may not be an isolated process, as the origin of one taxon could create new niche opportunities for other species to exploit, leading to the genesis of many new taxa in a process termed "sequential divergence." here, we test for such a multiplicative effect of sequential divergence in a community of host-specif ... | 2015 | 26499247 |
| experimental evidence of genome-wide impact of ecological selection during early stages of speciation-with-gene-flow. | theory predicts that speciation-with-gene-flow is more likely when the consequences of selection for population divergence transitions from mainly direct effects of selection acting on individual genes to a collective property of all selected genes in the genome. thus, understanding the direct impacts of ecologically based selection, as well as the indirect effects due to correlations among loci, is critical to understanding speciation. here, we measure the genome-wide impacts of host-associated ... | 2015 | 26077935 |
| controlled release of sugar and toxicant from a novel device for controlling pest insects. | a novel biodegradable device, designed for long-lasting residual effectiveness of feeding stimulant (sugar) and insecticide (dimethoate) against apple maggot files and other insects, was formulated. the device is an 8-cm diameter fruit-mimicking sphere, consisting of 42-50% sugar entrapped in a mixture of gelatinized corn flour and wheat flour in the presence of glycerin, and coated with a layer of latex paint containing dimethoate and sugar. we found that the outer layer of paint prevents crack ... | 1998 | 9685892 |
| widespread genomic divergence during sympatric speciation. | speciation with gene flow is expected to generate a heterogeneous pattern of genomic differentiation. the few genes under or physically linked to loci experiencing strong disruptive selection can diverge, whereas gene flow will homogenize the remainder of the genome, resulting in isolated "genomic islands of speciation." we conducted an experimental test of this hypothesis in rhagoletis pomonella, a model for sympatric ecological speciation. contrary to expectations, we found widespread divergen ... | 2010 | 20457907 |
| effect of surround wp on behavior and mortality of apple maggot (diptera: tephritidae). | apple maggot, rhagoletis pomonella (walsh) (diptera: tephritidae), is a key pest in apple (malus spp.) production areas located in the northeastern and midwestern united states and the eastern provinces of canada. the development of surround wp has offered a new approach for controlling apple maggot and other tephritid species, because this material is considered to be compatible with advanced integrated pest management and organic production systems. we conducted studies aimed at identifying th ... | 2010 | 20429454 |
| recognition of foreign oviposition marking pheromones is context dependent and determined by preimaginal conditioning. | many insects deposit marking pheromones following egg-laying that signal an occupied and thus sub-optimal resource. herbivorous insects mark host fruit or other vegetative plant parts after depositing eggs, while insect parasitoids deposit such pheromones directly on the cuticle of a particular life stage of their prey. these oviposition marking pheromones (omps) are then recognized by conspecifics, which avoid subsequent egg-laying in the previously utilized and unsuitable host. since many host ... | 2009 | 19907696 |
| curative activity of insecticides on rhagoletis pomonella (diptera: tephritidae) in apples. | field-based experiments were used to determine the lethal activity of insecticides on apple maggot, rhagoletis pomonella (walsh) (diptera: tephritidae), eggs and larvae in apple (malis spp.) fruit. the organophosphates azinphosmethyl and phosmet and the neonicotinoids thiacloprid, acetamiprid, clothianidin, and thiamethoxam showed significant curative activity on the apple maggot postinfestation, when applied topically to apple fruit 24 h postharvest. of the compounds tested, only phosmet showed ... | 2009 | 19886453 |
| phenology of the apple maggot (diptera: tephritidae) in the southern appalachian mountains. | the apple maggot, rhagoletis pomonella (walsh), is an important pest of apples in the southern appalachian mountains. the seasonal phenology of adult flight activity was monitored with baited red sphere traps in eight abandoned apple orchards in the southern appalachian mountains of north carolina and south carolina in 2004 and 2005, ranging in elevation from 300 to 853 m. trap captures showed that at elevations of >/=630 m, the apple maggot was primarly univoltine, with adult activity most inte ... | 2008 | 19036194 |
| comparing peripheral olfactory coding with host preference in the rhagoletis species complex. | recent studies have shown that flies from sympatric populations of rhagoletis pomonella infesting hawthorn, apple, and flowering dogwood fruit can distinguish among unique volatile blends identified from each host. analysis of peripheral chemoreception in rhagoletis flies suggests that changes in receptor specificity and/or receptor neuron sensitivity could impact olfactory preference among the host populations and their hybrids. in an attempt to validate these claims, we have combined flight tu ... | 2009 | 18791185 |
| permanent genetic resources: polymorphic microsatellite loci for diachasma alloeum (hymenoptera: braconidae). | here, we report the isolation of 21 novel primers for amplification of microsatellite loci in diachasma alloeum (hymenoptera: braconidae). diachasma alloeum is a larval parasitoid of the apple maggot fly (rhagoletis pomonella), which is an economically significant agricultural pest species and a textbook example of sympatric speciation via host-plant shifting. these microsatellite markers will prove useful both for assessing genetic relationships between different host-associated populations of ... | 2008 | 21585796 |
| hawthorn-infesting populations of rhagoletis pomonella in mexico and speciation mode plurality. | categorizing speciation into dichotomous allopatric versus nonallopatric modes may not always adequately describe the geographic context of divergence for taxa. if some of the genetic changes generating inherent barriers to gene flow between populations evolved in geographic isolation, whereas others arose in sympatry, then the mode of divergence would be mixed. the apple maggot fly, rhagoletis pomonella, has contributed to this emerging concept of a mixed speciation mode "plurality." genetic st ... | 2007 | 17492964 |
| jasmonate, salicylate, and benzoate in insect eggs. | jasmonic acid (ja) and salicylic acid (sa) are key molecules in the initiation of plant defensive responses to attack by herbivores and pathogens, respectively. our previous work has shown that ja occurs at high concentrations in eggs and neonates of lepidopteran species. here, we extend our analyses to eggs of 15 non-lepidopteran insect species spanning eight orders, again screening for ja, but also including sa and one of its metabolic precursors, benzoic acid. we detected all three compounds ... | 2007 | 17191157 |
| receptor expression and sympatric speciation: unique olfactory receptor neuron responses in f1 hybrid rhagoletis populations. | the rhagoletis pomonella species complex is one of the foremost examples supporting the occurrence of sympatric speciation. a recent study found that reciprocal f(1) hybrid offspring from different host plant-infesting populations in the complex displayed significantly reduced olfactory host preference in flight-tunnel assays. behavioral and electrophysiological studies indicate that olfactory cues from host fruit are important chemosensory signals for flies to locate fruit for mating and ovipos ... | 2006 | 16985190 |
| speciation in the apple maggot fly: a blend of vintages? | the importance of speciation without the complete geographical separation of diverging populations (sympatric speciation) has become increasingly accepted. one of the textbook examples of recent speciation in sympatry is the apple maggot fly rhagoletis pomonella, in which genetically differentiated host races feed on either hawthorn or apple. three recent articles by feder and collaborators show that the history of these host races is more complicated than was previously realized. genes that dif ... | 2004 | 16701238 |
| residual activity of oviposition-deterring pheromone inrhagoletis pomonella (diptera: tephritidae) and female response to infested fruit. | under dry conditions, oviposition-deterring pheromone (odp) of the apple maggot fly (rhagoletis pomonella walsh) on host fruit proved deterrent to ovipositing females for at least three weeks, with a half-life of ca. 11 days. there was no difference in decline of residual activity under lab vs. field conditions or between fly-deposited odp vs. an application of a water extract of odp. a decline in pheromone activity resulted from exposure to both natural and simulated rainfall. for natural rainf ... | 1987 | 24301368 |
| phytochemical basis of learning inrhagoletis pomonella and other herbivorous insects. | examples of phytochemically-based learning of host preference in herbivorous insects are reviewed in the context of traditionally important issues: the number and kinds of chemicals involved; which sensory modalities are affected; whether peripheral or central nervous processing is altered; and whether learning is associative or not. a fifth issue addressed here- whether experience enhances a feeding or ovipositing insect's propensity to accept familiar chemical stimuli or to reject novel chemic ... | 1986 | 24307051 |
| segregation and mapping of allozymes of the apple maggot fly. | the genetics of electrophoretic enzyme variants (allozymes) of 11 enzymes of the apple maggot, rhagoletis pomonella, has been investigated by single-pair crosses. all allozymes segregated as simple mendelian genes. null alleles occur at two enzymes--phosphoglucomutase and alcohol dehydrogenase. five linkage groups have been established. | 2010 | 6630997 |
| identification of apple volatiles attractive to the apple maggot,rhagoletis pomonella. | apple volatiles from whole red delicious and red astrachan apples were found to be attractive to sexually mature apple maggot flies,rhagoletis pomonella (walsh), in wind tunnel bioassays. extracted volatiles elicited directed upwind movement towards the source and significantly increased the number of male and female flies arriving at the source. a behaviorally active fraction was obtained from crude extract by gas-liquid chromatography and assayed in two types of wind tunnels and by electroante ... | 1982 | 24414891 |
| the genetic basis for fruit odor discrimination in rhagoletis flies and its significance for sympatric host shifts. | rhagoletis pomonella (diptera: tephritidae) use volatile compounds emitted from the surface of ripening fruit as important chemosensory cues for recognizing and distinguishing among alternative host plants. host choice is of evolutionary significance in rhagoletis because these flies mate on or near the fruit of their respective host plants. differences in host choice based on fruit odor discrimination therefore result in differential mate choice and prezygotic reproductive isolation, facilitati ... | 2005 | 16261733 |
| mayr, dobzhansky, and bush and the complexities of sympatric speciation in rhagoletis. | the rhagoletis pomonella sibling species complex is a model for sympatric speciation by means of host plant shifting. however, genetic variation aiding the sympatric radiation of the group in the united states may have geographic roots. inversions on chromosomes 1-3 affecting diapause traits adapting flies to differences in host fruiting phenology appear to exist in the united states because of a series of secondary introgression events from mexico. here, we investigate whether these inverted re ... | 2005 | 15851672 |
| apple maggot control with ddt sprays and dusts. | | 1947 | 20247565 |
| field and laboratory tests of new insecticides against the apple maggot, rhagoletis pomonella (walsh) (diptera: tephritidae). | laboratory bioassays and field tests were conducted to compare the effectiveness of the new insecticides, imidacloprid, indoxacarb, pyriproxyfen, spinosad, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam, against apple maggot. the activity ranking of the compounds in reducing oviposition in laboratory bioassays was: imidacloprid, 95% reduction at 11 ppm > thiamethoxam, 91% and thiacloprid, 89% reduction at 100 ppm > spinosad, 98% reduction at 316 ppm > indoxacarb, 80% reduction at 1000 ppm > pyriproxyfen, 0% redu ... | 2003 | 14650519 |
| fruit odor discrimination and sympatric host race formation in rhagoletis. | rhagoletis pomonella is a model for incipient sympatric speciation (divergence without geographic isolation) by host-plant shifts. here, we show that historically derived apple- and ancestral hawthorn-infesting host races of the fly use fruit odor as a key olfactory cue to help distinguish between their respective plants. in flight-tunnel assays and field tests, apple and hawthorn flies preferentially oriented to, and were captured with, chemical blends of their natal fruit volatiles. because r. ... | 2003 | 14504399 |
| allopatric genetic origins for sympatric host-plant shifts and race formation in rhagoletis. | tephritid fruit flies belonging to the rhagoletis pomonella sibling species complex are controversial because they have been proposed to diverge in sympatry (in the absence of geographic isolation) by shifting and adapting to new host plants. here, we report evidence suggesting a surprising source of genetic variation contributing to sympatric host shifts for these flies. from dna sequence data for three nuclear loci and mtdna, we infer that an ancestral, hawthorn-infesting r. pomonella populati ... | 2003 | 12928500 |
| effects of ph on feeding responses in the apple maggot fly, rhagoletis pomonella (diptera: tephritidae). | phagostimulatory effects of ph values of sucrose on rhagoletis pomonella adults were studied in the laboratory. flies were standardized for age, diet and food deprivation. two presentation schemes were employed. the first varied ph value (3.0-10.0) with sucrose concentration kept constant at 40%. the second varied both sucrose concentration (8%, 24% and 40%) and ph value (5.0-8.0). fly feeding propensity was evaluated by observation of fly acceptance or rejection of sucrose and duration of feedi ... | 1999 | 12770383 |
| identification of host fruit volatiles from hawthorn (crataegus spp.) attractive to hawthorn-origin rhagoletis pomonella flies. | solid-phase microextraction (spme) and gas chromatography coupled with electroantennographic detection (gc-ead) were used to identify volatile compounds from hawthorn fruit (crataegus spp.) acting as behavioral attractants for hawthorn-infesting rhagoletis pomonella flies. consistent ead activity was obtained for six chemicals: ethyl acetate (94.3%), 3-methylbutan-1-ol (4.0%), isoamyl acetate (1.5%), 4,8-dimethyl-1,3(e),7-nonatriene (0.07%), butyl hexanoate (0.01%), and dihydro-beta-ionone (0.10 ... | 2003 | 12737261 |
| effect of high-carbon dioxide atmospheres on infestations of apple maggot (diptera: tephritidae) in apples. | short-term storage regimens containing elevated atmospheres of carbon dioxide (co2) were evaluated for their ability to disinfest newly harvested 'mcintosh' apples of apple maggot, rhagoletis pomonella (walsh). infested fruits containing newly laid eggs were either placed directly into the high-co2 atmosphere at 10 degrees c to expose this life stage, or else held first for 7 d at room temperature, to allow development to the neonate larval stage. treatment combinations consisted of three differ ... | 2002 | 12020036 |
| population dynamics of apple maggot (diptera: tephritidae) in south central pennsylvania. | the apple maggot, rhagoletis pomonella (walsh), was monitored with baited yellow panels and red spheres in commercial orchards, abandoned orchards, and unsprayed backyard apple trees in 1998 and 1999. apple maggot adults were captured in all apple habitats, but the capture levels in the abandoned orchards and unsprayed backyard trees tended to be higher than in the commercial orchards. peak capture occurred between mid-july and late august in both years. emergence cages seeded with infested frui ... | 2002 | 11942766 |
| attraction of apple maggot flies, rhagoletis pomonella (diptera: tephritidae) of different physiological states to odour-baited traps in the presence and absence of food. | adults of apple maggot fly rhagoletis pomonella (walsh) of differing physiological states were marked and released in blocks of apple trees ringed by sticky red spheres. spheres were either unbaited, baited with butyl hexanoate (synthetic host fruit odour) or baited with both butyl hexanoate and ammonium carbonate (synthetic food odour). all trap and lure treatments were compared in the presence or absence of food (bird faeces) in the blocks. simultaneously, the response of wild immigrant flies ... | 2000 | 10948367 |
| toxicity and residual effectiveness of insecticides on insecticide-treated spheres for controlling females of rhagoletis pomonella (diptera: tephritidae). | this study evaluated the toxicity of five technical-grade insecticides of four different classes to apple maggot females, rhagoletis pomonella (walsh), following a 10-min exposure period in insecticide-coated glass jars, with or without a feeding stimulant (sucrose) present. according to lc90 values for toxicity by ingestion and tarsal contact, imidacloprid was 1.5 times more toxic than dimethoate or abamectin, diazinon was less toxic, and phloxine b (a phototoxic dye) least toxic. based on lc90 ... | 2000 | 10826192 |
| new neotropical species of opiinae (hymenoptera, braconidae) reared from fruit-infesting and leaf-mining tephritidae (diptera) with comments on the diachasmimorpha mexicana species group and the genera lorenzopius and tubiformopius. | four new species of opiine braconidae are described from mexico. these are diachasmimorpha martinalujai wharton reared from rhagoletis infesting fruits of crataegus spp., diachasmimorpha norrbomi wharton reared from euphranta mexicana infesting fruits of ribes pringlei, eurytenes (stigmatopoea) norrbomi wharton reared from trypeta concolor mining leaves of barkleyanthus salicifolia and eurytenes (stigmatopoea) maya wharton reared from rhagoletis pomonella infesting apples and fruits of crataegus ... | 2012 | 23818811 |
| developmental trajectories of gene expression reveal candidates for diapause termination: a key life-history transition in the apple maggot fly rhagoletis pomonella. | the timing of dormancy is a rapidly evolving life-history trait playing a crucial role in the synchronization of seasonal life cycles and adaptation to environmental change. but the physiological mechanisms regulating dormancy in animals remain poorly understood. in insects, dormancy (diapause) is a developmentally dynamic state, and the mechanisms that control diapause transitions affect seasonal timing. here we used microarrays to examine patterns of gene expression during dormancy termination ... | 2011 | 22071185 |
| host fidelity is an effective premating barrier between sympatric races of the apple maggot fly. | models of sympatric speciation for phytophagous insects posit a central role for host plant-associated mating as a premating isolating mechanism in lieu of geographic barriers to gene flow. here, by means of three mark-and-recapture studies, we confirm that host fidelity (i.e., the tendency of an insect to reproduce on the same host species that it used in earlier life-history stages) restricts gene flow between sympatric apple- and hawthorn-infesting races of rhagoletis pomonella (diptera: teph ... | 1994 | 11607491 |
| host odor and visual stimulus interaction during intratree host finding behavior ofrhagoletis pomonella flies. | responses ofrhagoletis pomonella (walsh) (diptera: tephritidae) flies to host fruit visual stimuli (apples or models of apples) and chemical stimuli (synthetic apple volatile blend) were studied in semidwarf field-caged apple trees. three different fruit or model densities (1, 4, or 16 fruit or models/ tree) and two odor release rates [ca. 0.7μg/hr (close to the natural release rate of a ripe apple) and ca. 500μg/hr (amount of odor released by commercially sold apple maggot traps)] were tested. ... | 1993 | 24248720 |