| characterization of dextranase from penicillium purpurogenum (ftoll). | an extracellular dextranase (e. c. 3.2.1.11) was purified from cell-free culture filtrates of penicillium purpurogenum (ftoll). the enzyme was most active at ph 5,5. the dextranase was endo-type, it split quickly isomaltotetraose into two isomaltose molecules, slowly degraded isomaltotriose, and did not act on isomaltose. the rate of isomaltooligosaccharides hydrolysis was increased with the increase of the polymerization degree. polyols obtained from isomaltooligosaccharides were split more slo ... | 1977 | 20998 |
| incorporation of labeled small molecules into rubratoxin. | a sterile glucose-mineral salts broth was inoculated with conidia of penicillium rubrum p-13 and p-3290. radiolabeled compounds were added to some cultures, these being incubated quiescently at 28 degrees c for 14 days. other stationary cultures were grown for 21 days, received labeled compounds, and were then grown for 5 more days. the remaining cultures were inoculated with 72-h-old mycelial pellets, received labeled materials and were incubated with shaking for 60 h. rubratoxin was resolved b ... | 1978 | 29589 |
| bioproduction of rubratoxin in a glucose-mineral salts broth with nutritional supplements and metabolic inhibitors. | a sterile glucose-salts broth fortified with various metabolic inhibitors and nutritional supplements was inoculated with conidia of penicillium rubrum p3290, and incubated quiescently at 28 degrees c for 14 days. potassium sulfite and sodium metabisulfite at all test concentrations caused moderate reduction in rubratoxin formation; at high concentrations (greater than or equal to 2.7 x 10(-2)m) accumulation of fungal tissue was also retarded. production of rubratoxin and cell mass was inhibited ... | 1977 | 304372 |
| evaluation of possible sites of action of rubratoxin b-induced polyribosomal disaggregation in mouse liver. | the disaggregation of liver polyribosomes (disruption of the site of protein synthesis) into single ribosomal units has been observed after treatment of mice with rubratoxin b, a toxic metabolite of penicillium rubrum. several mechanisms for the polysomal alteration were evaluated. a generalized decrease in mouse liver rna following administration of rubratoxin b was noted. rnaase activity in the postmicrosomal fraction was increased after similar treatment; however, this increase was too small ... | 1977 | 576625 |
| methods to purify and determine rubratoxins. | rubratoxin were recovered from cultures of penicillium rubrum after the mold grew in natural substrates, a semi-synthetic medium, and a glucosemineral salts broth. substrates that contained rubratoxins were extracted with: diethyl ether, ethyl acetate-benzene, ethanol (100%), ethanol-acetone, acetonitrile, or diethyl ether with refluxing at 45 degrees c. extracts were screened for rubratoxins by thin-layer chromatography. some extracts were partially purified with a column of silicic acid using ... | 1977 | 577066 |
| synthesis of macromolecules and rubratoxin by penicillium rubrum. | the relationship between primary metabolism and biosynthesis of rubratoxin was studied with replacement cultures of penicillium rubrum 3290. synthesis of protein and rna was measured by determining incorporation of [u14c]l-leucine and [2(14)c]-uridine into the respective components of the fungal biomass. rubratoxin formation was measured by determining incorporation of [1(14)c]acetate into the toxin. both protein and rna were synthesized rapidly with synthesis increasing during 108 h of incubati ... | 1977 | 579578 |
| rubratoxin production by penicillium rubrum when grown in a synthetic medium containing different sources of carbon and nitrogen. | | 1977 | 579649 |
| high-pressure liquid chromatography of the mycotoxins, rubratoxins a and b, and its application to the analysis of urine and plasma for rubratoxin b. | the rubratoxins are toxic metabolites produced by penicillium rubrum and p. purpurogenum on food and feedstuffs. rubratoxin b is hepatotoxic, mutagenic and teratogenic. rubratoxins a and b were resolved as sharp peaks in the order a-b by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography on a small-particle (10 micrometer) column in 3 min by an acetonitrile-water-ethyl acetate elution solvent (11:9.9:3), with detection by ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm. the relationship between peak height and ... | 1978 | 580783 |
| degradation of rubratoxin by penicillium rubrum. | | 1978 | 581210 |
| interaction of rubratoxin b and pentobarbital in mice. | rubratoxin b, a metabolite of penicillium rubrum, is a potent mycotoxin that produces hepatic mid-zonal necrosis. using propylene glycol as the solvent, the acute ld50 (i.p.) in male mice was estimated at 1.42 mg/kg. pretreatment with s.c. pellets of pentobarbital reduced this toxicity approximately 42 percent, while castration and skf 525a pretreatment enhanced toxicity approximately 20 percent and 60 percent, respectively. these studies also demonstrated that rubratoxin b potentiated pentobarb ... | 1978 | 581497 |
| production of [14c]rubratoxin b. | [14c]rubratoxin b was produced by culturing penicillium rubrum stoll for 13 days at 22 degrees c in medium containing [14c]glucose. the most efficient incorporation of glucose into rubratoxin occurred when raulin-thom medium enriched with 2.5% malt extract was supplemented with 2.5% added glucose. the presence of 1.0 mci of radioactivity in 50 ml of medium with 2.5% added glucose resulted in the production of 38 mg of labeled, chromatographically pure rubratoxin with a specific activity of 0.47 ... | 1979 | 582196 |
| isolation of ethyl p-methoxycinnamate, the major antifungal principle of curcumba zedoaria. | an antifungal principle of the dried rhizomes of curcuma zedoaria was extracted with hot ethanol. by successive chromatography on neutral alumina and silica gel, three antibiotic compounds a, b, and c, all active against trichophyton rubrum, aspergillus niger and saccharomyces cerevisiae, were obtained in chemically pure form. by uv, ir, pmr and ms analysis, the structure of the most abundant one of these compounds (c, 69.8%; h, 6,8%; and 0.23.4%) was assigned as ethyl p-methoxycinnamate (epmc). ... | 1976 | 785141 |
| growth and synthesis of rubratoxin by penicillium rubrum in a chemically defined medium fortified with organic acids and intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. | a sterile glucose-mineral salts broth was fortified with equimolar concentrations (10--3 m) of various organic acids and intermediates in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. appropriate media were neutralized with 2 n naoh, inoculated with spore suspensions or mycelial pellets of penicillium rubrum and incubated quiescently for 14 days or with shaking for 5 days. rubratoxins were recovered from culture filtrates by ether extraction and resolved by thin-layer chromatography. toxin formation in quiescen ... | 1976 | 1036609 |
| [dextranase of penicillium purpurogenum (ftoll)]. | | 1975 | 1204444 |
| chemical composition of the hyphal wall of a toxigenic fungus, penicillium rubrum stoll. | | 1975 | 1242726 |
| [inhibitory effects of organic acids and salts on selected micromycetes]. | inhibitory effects of two fungistatic preparations (a and b) and of propionic acid were tested in a complete feed mixture for broiler chickens (starter mixture). the water content of this mixture was 25.4%, environmental temperature was 24 degrees c and relative air humidity 90%. propionic acid, which has a high fungistatic effect, served as a standard. the composition of the preparation a was as follows: propionic acid, acetic acid, sorbic acid, citric acid and calcium propionate. the preparati ... | 1992 | 1297244 |
| beta-glucosidase from penicillium purpurogenum: purification and properties. | beta-glucosidase was purified from the culture supernatant of penicillium purpurogenum. the purified enzyme was homogeneous on both nondenaturing and sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the enzyme is a monomeric glycoprotein with m(r) of 90,000 as determined by gel filtration on bio-gel p-300 and sds-polyacrylamide gels. two enzyme forms were resolved by chromatofocusing and isoelectric focusing, and the pi values obtained with both methods were 4.2 (major form) and ... | 1992 | 1586458 |
| imi descriptions of fungi and bacteria no. 1108. penicillium purpurogenum. | | 1992 | 1640984 |
| mycotoxicosis associated with penicillium purpurogenum in horses in nigeria. | | 1992 | 1641961 |
| purpactins, new inhibitors of acyl-coa:cholesterol acyltransferase produced by penicillium purpurogenum. i. production, isolation and physico-chemical and biological properties. | penicillium purpurogenum fo-608, a soil isolate, was found to produce a series of new inhibitors of acyl-coa:cholesterol acyltransferase (acat). three active compounds, designated purpactins, a, b and c, were isolated from the fermentation broth of the producing strain by solvent extraction, silica gel column chromatography and hplc. purpactins inhibit acat activity in an enzyme assay system using rat liver microsomes with ic50 values of 121 approximately 126 microm. purpactin a also inhibited c ... | 1991 | 1750931 |
| purpactins, new inhibitors of acyl-coa:cholesterol acyltransferase produced by penicillium purpurogenum. ii. structure elucidation of purpactins a, b and c. | the structure of purpactins, novel acyl-coa:cholesterol acyltransferase (acat) inhibitors, was determined by spectroscopic analyses. purpactin a was deduced to be 3-1'-acetoxy-11-hydroxy-4-methoxy-9-methyl-3'-methylbutyl-5h, 7h-dibenzo[b,g]-1,5-dioxocin-5-one, purpactin b was 5-1''-acetoxy-6'-hydroxymethyl-4-methoxy-4'-methyl-3''-methylbutyl-spiro [benzofuran-2,1'-cyclohexa-3',5'-diene]-2',3(2h)-dione and purpactin c was 5-1''-acetoxy-6'-formyl-4-methoxy-4'-methyl-3''-methylbutyl-spiro [benzofur ... | 1991 | 2010354 |
| purpactins, new inhibitors of acyl-coa:cholesterol acyltransferase produced by penicillium purpurogenum. iii. chemical modification of purpactin a. | acylated derivatives of the c-1' and/or c-11 hydroxy group(s) of penicillide were synthesized and their inhibitory activity against acyl-coa:cholesterol acyltransferase (acat) was studied. introduction of long acyl group into either or both hydroxy residue(s) decreased the inhibitory activity. a small acyl moiety such as acetyl or n-butyryl at the c-1' hydroxy group is responsible for potent inhibitory activity against acat. the 1'-o-acetyl-11-o-tetrahydropyranyl derivative (11-o-2''-tetrahydrop ... | 1991 | 2010355 |
| fungi of the house dust in riyadh, saudi arabia. | 30 species belonging to 18 genera were isolated from floor dust of 30 homes in riyadh. out of them 16 species and 10 genera were isolated from dust of air conditioners of the same homes. the most common genera in floor dust were aspergillus, penicillium and cladosporium. aspergillus repens, a. amstelodami, a. versicolor, a. fumigatus, penicillium purpurogenum, p. crustosum, cladosporium cladosporoides and c. herbarum were frequently isolated. the most abundant genera in air conditioner dust were ... | 1990 | 2330766 |
| release of protoplasts from penicillium paxilli by penicillium purpurogenum enzymes. | spherical, osmotically fragile protoplasts were obtained from the mycelium of penicillium paxilli. the lytic enzymes were derived from the culture filtrate of p. purpurogenum grown on disintegrated mycelium of p. paxilli. maximum numbers of protoplasts were released from 36 h mycelium, using 1 m sorbitol as an osmotic stabilizer, at ph 5.8, after 2 h incubation with lytic enzymes at 30 degrees c. | 1988 | 2467527 |
| biochemical changes in rat vital organs by feeding a diet infested with penicillium rubrum stoll. | weanling albino rats were fed with either a control diet or one infested with penicillium rubrum stoll for a period of 30 days. at the end of the experimental period, determinations of haemoglobin, total proteins and transaminases were made in blood and tissues (liver, brain and kidney). the fungus was found to render the food toxic, resulting in liver and kidney damage. the toxicity of the fungus was also evidenced by poor live weight gains and organ weights. | 1986 | 3754067 |
| functional state of mouse liver mitochondria in toxicoses due to aspergillus flavus and penicillium rubrum. | | 1969 | 4239550 |
| studies in mycological chemistry. xxx and last. isolation and structure of purpuride, a metabolite of penicillium purpurogenum stoll. | | 1973 | 4736243 |
| a preliminary study of production of antimicrobial substances by penicillium purpurogenum. | | 1973 | 4757983 |
| studies in myocological chemistry. xxvii. reinvestigation of the structure of purpurogenone, a metabolite of penicillium purpurogenum stoll. | | 1971 | 5166864 |
| studies in mycological chemistry. 28. isolation and structure of deoxypurpurogenone, a minor pigment of penicillium purpurogenum stoll. | | 1971 | 5166865 |
| the chemistry of fungi. lxii. the synthesis of ( )-mitorubrin, a metabolite of penicillium rubrum. | | 1971 | 5167265 |
| cytotoxic effects of toxic culture filtrate of penicillium purpurogenum and its toxic metabolite, rubratoxin b, on hela cells. comparative study among the effects of rubratoxin b, colcemid and vinblastine. | | 1970 | 5313153 |
| application of enzymic complex from penicillium purpurogenum for the release of protoplasts from yeast-cells. | | 1970 | 5411491 |
| production of rubratoxin b by penicillium purpurogenum stoll. | culture filtrates and chloroform extracts from penicillium purpurogenum isolated from foodstuffs were subjected to preliminary survey for toxic effects on hela cells and mice. the toxic metabolite was isolated in a crystalline form from p. purpurogenum and was identified as rubratoxin b. pathological findings observed in hela cells and mice treated with the metabolite are briefly described. | 1970 | 5418943 |
| strain variation in the production of rubratoxins by penicillium rubrum stoll. | | 1970 | 5455793 |
| destruction of toxic fungi with low concentrations of methyl bromide. | aspergillus parasiticus and penicillium rubrum spores at the level of 10(4) to 10(5) / g were completely killed by prolonged exposure to 30 to 45 mg of methyl bromide per liter. | 1970 | 5485088 |
| environmental and nutritional factors affecting the production of rubratoxin b by penicillium rubrum stoll. | rubratoxin b can be produced in a semisynthetic medium by penicillium rubrum under varying environmental and nutritional conditions. maximum production (552.0 mg/500 ml) was obtained with p. rubrum nrrl a-11785 grown in stationary cultures of mosseray's simplified raulin solution supplemented with 2.5% malt extract broth at ambient temperature. zinc is required at levels of at least 0.4 mg per liter. in the absence of iron sulfate, there was a 50-fold reduction in rubratoxin b production but not ... | 1970 | 5485727 |
| rubratoxin b, a toxic metabolite of penicillium rubrum. | | 1968 | 5648758 |
| bioproduction and purification of rubratoxin b. | methods were developed for bioproduction and extraction of rubratoxin b from liquid cultures of penicillium rubrum p-13 (nrrl a-11785). a maximum of 874.7 mg of toxin per liter of medium was attained in 21 days using stationary cultures of mosseray's simplified raulin solution enriched with 2.5% malt extract. malt extract was required for rubratoxin production. rubratoxin was not produced in either shake flasks or in fermentors with restricted aeration. crystalline toxin was obtained by liquid-l ... | 1968 | 5675507 |
| rubratoxin b, a proposed structure for a bis-anhydride rom penicillium rubrum stoll. | | 1968 | 5698748 |
| release of aspergillus niger protoplasts by penicillium purpurogenum enzymes. | | 1969 | 5787735 |
| specificity of pigment formation by penicillium rubrum stoll. | | 1965 | 5866311 |
| observations on the structure of the toxins from penicillium rubrum. | | 1967 | 6042687 |
| the parasitism of the mould penicillium purpurogenum on aspergillus niger. i. isolation of cell walls from the mycelium of aspergillus niger grown by the surface method. | | 1967 | 6053292 |
| the parasitism of the mould penicillium purpurogenum on aspergillus niger. ii. the course of the lysis and some properties of the crude preparation of the enzymolytic system. | | 1967 | 6053293 |
| the parasitism of the mould penicillium purpurogenum on aspergillus niger. 3. the determination of the part of some enzymes of penicillium purpurogenum in the mycelium lysis of the mould aspergillus niger. | | 1967 | 6056766 |
| the parasitism of the mould penicillium purpurogenum on aspergillus niger. iv. the limitation of parasitic action. | | 1967 | 6056767 |
| increased production of aflatoxins by aspergillus parasiticus speare in the presence of rubratoxin b. | the influence of rubratoxin b, a metabolite of penicillium rubrum stoll, on the growth and aflatoxin production of a strain of aspergillus parasiticus speare grown in the chemically defined medium of reddy et al. (appl. microbiol. 22:393-396, 1971) was studied. after 4 days of incubation on a rotary shaker at 25 degrees c, the presence of 10 microgram/ml caused 45 to 50% reduction in dry weight production, although at the same concentration of rubratoxin b, the reduction of growth after 10 days ... | 1982 | 6805432 |
| [suppression of penicillium purpurogenum growth by organotin compounds]. | we studied the effect of organotin compounds and their mixtures with n-cetylpyridinium chloride on the accumulation of biomass by penicillium purpurogenum. ditributylstannylic ester of fumaric acid at a concentration of 0.005 micrograms/ml was shown to inhibit the accumulation of biomass. if an organotin compound was used in combination with n-cetylpyridinium chloride, the fungicide effect was greater at a lower dose of the organotin compound in the mixture. organotin compounds and their mixture ... | 1981 | 7321917 |
| penicillium rubrum and penicillium biforme, new sources of rugulovasines a and b. | an isolate of penicillium biforme thom produced rugulovasines a and b. an isolate of penicillium rubrum stoll produced rugulovasines a and b and also chlororugulovasines a and b. both fungi represent new sources of the rugulovasines. | 1980 | 7425621 |
| antibacterial, antidermatophytic and antitoxigenic activities of onion (allium cepa l.) oil. | the inhibitory effect of onion oil against the growth of various isolates of bacteria representing gram-positive (4 isolates) and gram-negative (4 isolates) species were studied. results show that onion oil was highly active against all gram-positive bacteria tested and only one isolate (klebsiella pneumoniae) of gram-negative bacteria. the inhibitory effect of onion oil against nine different species of dermatophytic fungi were also studied. onion oil (200 ppm) completely inhibited the growth o ... | 1995 | 7600010 |
| penicillium purpurogenum produces several xylanases: purification and properties of two of the enzymes. | the fungus penicillium purpurogenum produces several extracellular xylanases. the two major forms (xylanases a and b) have been purified and characterized. after ammonium sulfate precipitation and chromatography in bio-gel p 100, xylanase a was further purified by means of deae-cellulose, hydroxylapatite and cm-sephadex, and xylanase b by deae-cellulose and cm-sephadex. both xylanases showed apparent homogeneity in sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. xylanase a (33 kda) has an isoelectric po ... | 1995 | 7640003 |
| purification and some properties of alpha-galactosidase from penicillium purpurogenum. | alpha-galactosidase was purified by ion-exchange chromatographies on deae-cellulose and se-cellulose columns from the culture filtrate of penicillium purpurogenum no. 618. the final preparation was judged homogeneous by sds-page and its molecular mass and isoelectric point were estimated to be 67 kda and 4.1, respectively. the n-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme was analyzed and aligned with those of other alpha-galactosidases. in addition, the enzyme acted on the stubbed alpha-galactos ... | 1995 | 8611759 |
| purification and characterization of two acetyl xylan esterases from penicillium purpurogenum. | penicillium purpurogenum produces several enzymes active in xylan hydrolysis, of there, the acetyl xylan esterase (axe) activity secreted by the fungus has now been studied. the amount of activity obtained in the culture is related to the degree of acetylation of the carbon source used, the best being chemically acetylated xylan. axe was concentrated from culture supernatants by ultrafiltration and (nh4)2so4 precipitation and fractionated by gel filtration in bio-gel p-300. two peaks of activity ... | 1996 | 8756392 |
| characterization of crystals of penicillium purpurogenum acetyl xylan esterase from high-resolution x-ray diffraction. | acetyl xylan esterase from penicillium purpurogenum, a single-chain 23 kda member of a newly characterized family of esterases that cleaves side chain ester linkages in xylan, has been crystallized. the crystals diffract to better than 1 a resolution at the cornell high energy synchrotron source (chess) and are highly stable in the synchrotron radiation. the space group is p2(1)2(1)2(1) and cell dimensions are a = 34.9 a, b = 61.0 a, c = 72.5 a. | 1996 | 8860002 |
| zg-1494 alpha, a novel platelet-activating factor acetyltransferase inhibitor from penicillium rubrum, isolation, structure elucidation andbiological activity. | a novel inhibitor of platelet-activating factor (paf) acetyltransferase, an essential enzyme in the remodeling pathway of platelet-activating factor synthesis, was identified by a high throughout screen of natural product extracts of microbial origin. the compound, zg-1494 alpha, was isolated from an ethyl acetate extract of a culture broth of penicillium rubrum through bioassay guided fractionation. the structure of zg-1494 alpha was determined by spectroscopic methods. a key feature of the str ... | 1996 | 8968388 |
| molecular cloning and nucleotide sequences of cdna and gene encoding endo-inulinase from penicillium purpurogenum. | a cdna and a gene encoding endo-inulinase from penicillium purpurogenum were isolated, and were cloned for the first time. two oligonucleotide probes, which were synthesized based on the partial amino acid sequences of the purified endo-inulinase, were used to screen a cdna library. a 1.7-kb dna fragment encoding endo-inulinase was isolated and analyzed. a single open reading frame, consisting of 1548-bp, was found to encode a polypeptide that comprised a 25-amino acid signal peptide and 490-ami ... | 1996 | 8987853 |
| cloning, sequencing and expression of the cdna of endoxylanase b from penicillium purpurogenum. | the cdna for xylanase b from penicillium purpurogenum was cloned and sequenced. this dna encodes a protein of 208 amino acids which is expected to yield a protein of 183 residues upon processing of the n terminus. the sequence of the predicted protein is very similar to that of 40 other xylanase domains which belong to family g of cellulases/xylanases (73-21% identity). | 1997 | 9099888 |
| extraction of lithium from spodumene by bioleaching. | the recovery of lithium from spodumene (6.9% li2o) by bioleaching was investigated. this process was carried out using heterotrophic micro-organisms previously isolated from the mineral. penicillium purpurogenum, aspergillus niger and rhodotorula rubra were assayed separately. two different media were used for bioleaching; one of them (m2 medium) was highly limited in mg2+, fe2+ and k+. the assays were carried out in 500 ml erlenmeyer flasks with 1 g of ground mineral at 50-80 mesh and 150 ml of ... | 1997 | 9351258 |
| acetyl xylan esterase ii from penicillium purpurogenum is similar to an esterase from trichoderma reesei but lacks a cellulose binding domain. | penicillium purpurogenum produces at least two acetyl xylan esterases (axe i and ii). the axe ii cdna, genomic dna and mature protein sequences were determined and show that the axe 2 gene contains two introns, that the primary translation product has a signal peptide of 27 residues, and that the mature protein has 207 residues. the sequence is similar to the catalytic domain of axe i from trichoderma reesei (67% residue identity) and putative active site residues are conserved, but the penicill ... | 1998 | 9506837 |
| cloning and high-level expression of alpha-galactosidase cdna from penicillium purpurogenum. | the cdna coding for penicillium purpurogenum alpha-galactosidase (alphagal) was cloned and sequenced. the deduced amino acid sequence of the alpha-gal cdna showed that the mature enzyme consisted of 419 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 46,334 da. the derived amino acid sequence of the enzyme showed similarity to eukaryotic alphagals from plants, animals, yeasts, and filamentous fungi. the highest similarity observed (57% identity) was to trichoderma reesei agli. the cdna was expresse ... | 1998 | 9797312 |
| molecular cloning and sequence analysis of two endoinulinase genes from aspergillus niger. | two genomic dnas encoding endoinulinase from aspergillus niger 12 were cloned and sequenced. open reading frames (orfs) of the endoinulinase genes, inua and inub, both consisted of 1,548 nucleotides encoding 516 amino acids. it was suggested that the coding regions were not interrupted by introns. the orfs differed from each other by 23 nucleotide substitutions or by eight amino acid replacements, indicating that the inua and inub genes arose by gene duplication. each mature enzyme of 493 amino ... | 1998 | 9805373 |
| [rare pulmonary mycoses in patients with hematologic diseases]. | patients with hematology disease in post-chemotherapy medullary aplasia are susceptible to life-threatening bronchopulmonary mycoses, especially aspergillosis. other less common pulmonary mycoses are also observed. we report 4 cases due to penicillium purpurogenum, acromonium strictum and scedosporium apiospermum (n = 2) infections. these unusual fungi appear to be emerging as pathogens in this population. they have common ubiquitous, opportunistic and low pathogenicity characteristics in immuno ... | 1998 | 9894280 |
| purification and characterization of aspergillus ficuum endoinulinase. | endoinulinase from aspergillus ficuum, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of inulin via an endo-cleavage mode, was purified by chromatography from novozym 230 as a starting commercial enzyme mixture on cm-sephadex and deae-sepharose, and by preparative electrophoresis under native conditions. the enzyme was estimated to be pure on the basis of its i/s ratio, whose value was infinite in our assay conditions. two forms separated by using this method. sds gel electrophoresis showed the two purified for ... | 1999 | 10052135 |
| determination of a protein structure by iodination: the structure of iodinated acetylxylan esterase. | enzymatic and non-enzymatic iodination of the amino acid tyrosine is a well known phenomenon. the iodination technique has been widely used for labeling proteins. using high-resolution x-ray crystallographic techniques, the chemical and three-dimensional structures of iodotyrosines formed by non-enzymatic incorporation of i atoms into tyrosine residues of a crystalline protein are described. acetylxylan esterase (axe ii; 207 amino-acid residues) from penicillium purpurogenum has substrate specif ... | 1999 | 10089308 |
| biochemical analysis of recombinant fungal mutanases. a new family of alpha1,3-glucanases with novel carbohydrate-binding domains. | nucleotide sequence analysis shows that trichoderma harzianum and penicillium purpurogenum alpha1,3-glucanases (mutanases) have homologous primary structures (53% amino acid sequence identity), and are composed of two distinct domains: a nh(2)-terminal catalytic domain and a putative cooh-terminal polysaccharide-binding domain separated by a o-glycosylated pro-ser-thr-rich linker peptide. each mutanase was expressed in aspergillus oryzae host under the transcriptional control of a strong alpha-a ... | 2000 | 10636904 |
| an alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase from penicillium purpurogenum: production, purification and properties. | penicillium purpurogenum secretes arabinofuranosidase to the growth medium. highest levels of enzyme (1.0 u ml(-1)) are obtained when l-arabitol is used as carbon source, while 0.85 and 0.7 u ml(-1) are produced with sugar beet pulp and oat spelts xylan, respectively. by means of a zymogram, three bands with arabinofuranosidase activity have been detected in the supernatant of a culture grown in oat spelts xylan. one of the enzymes was purified to homogeneity from this supernatant using gel filt ... | 2000 | 10656340 |
| pulmonary hemorrhage in an infant following 2 weeks of fungal exposure. | exposure to indoor fungus growth and tobacco smoke has been epidemiologically linked to unexplained pulmonary hemorrhage in infants. | 2000 | 10710026 |
| asymmetric reduction of ethyl 2-methyl e-oxobutanoate by fungi. | seven fungi, which are found to reduce ethyl 3-oxobutanoate in high yields, were tested for their reducing ability for ethyl 2-methyl 3-oxobutanoate. we obtained some interesting findings. in particular, penicillium purpurogenum reduced ethyl 2-methyl 3-oxobutanoate to the corresponding alcohols with the diastereomer (anti/syn) ratio of 93/7 with the enantiomeric excess of anti-(2s,3s)- and syn-(2s,3r)- hydroxy esters of 90 and >99 ee%, respectively. | 2000 | 10766507 |
| the antifungal activity of natamycin toward molds isolated from commercially manufactured poultry feed. | the antifungal activity of natamycin, a polyene antifungal compound, was evaluated on molds isolated from commercial poultry feed. the antifungal activity was measured by determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) for natamycin on molds growing on semisolid microbiological medium (potato dextrose agar) containing pure natamycin at concentrations ranging from 0 to 200 mg/liter. natamycin exhibited a high degree of antifungal activity against the 191 isolates of aspergilli used in ... | 2000 | 11006995 |
| [microbiological threat from buildings and rooms and its influence on human health (sick building syndrome)]. | in buildings we can observe many different strains of bacteria, over 400 species of mould fungi, many strains of fungus causing the rotting of wood and wood like materials, many species of algae, aphids, and other types of growths and seed plants and also over 30 types of mites especially those seen in house dust. buildings, especially their interiors have a very specific microclimate. within it areas of so called ecological lows are formed in which conditions for settlement, growth and reproduc ... | 2000 | 11109318 |
| multiple conformations of catalytic serine and histidine in acetylxylan esterase at 0.90 a. | acetylxylan esterase (axeii; 207 amino acids) from penicillium purpurogenum has substrate specificities toward acetate esters of d-xylopyranose residues in xylan and belongs to a new class of alpha/beta hydrolases. the crystal structure of axeii has been determined by single isomorphous replacement and anomalous scattering, and refined at 0.90- and 1.10-a resolutions with data collected at 85 k and 295 k, respectively. the tertiary structure consists of a doubly wound alpha/beta sandwich, having ... | 2001 | 11134051 |
| molecular cloning and sequence analysis of an endoinulinase gene from penicillium sp. strain tn-88. | a genomic dna segment and cdnas encoding an extracellular endoinulinase of penicillium sp. strain tn-88 were cloned and sequenced. southern blot analysis indicated that the endoinulinase gene (inuc) was present as a single copy in the genome. an open reading frame, consisting of 1,545 bp, was not interrupted by introns, and it encoded a 25 amino acid signal peptide and a 490 amino acid mature protein. the mature protein contained three cys residues and ten potential n-linked glycosylation sites. ... | 2000 | 11193399 |
| three-dimensional structure of the catalytic core of acetylxylan esterase from trichoderma reesei: insights into the deacetylation mechanism. | acetylxylan esterase from trichoderma reesei removes acetyl side groups from xylan. the crystal structure of the catalytic core of the enzyme was solved at 1.9 a resolution. the core has an alpha/beta/alpha sandwich fold, similar to that of homologous acetylxylan esterase from penicillium purpurogenum and cutinase from fusarium solani. all three enzymes belong to family 5 of the carbohydrate esterases and the superfamily of the alpha/beta hydrolase fold. evidently, the enzymes have diverged from ... | 2000 | 11243887 |
| effect of the raw extracts of arthrinium strains (hyphomycetes, dematiaceae) on the growth of some deleterious fungi in poultry feed. | in previous work the authors have shown that some species of the arthrinium genus are characterized by being able to produce secondary metabolites with antibiotic activity. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of raw extracts of the growth of three different arthrinium strains against aspergillus flavus, aspergillus nidulans, fusarium moniliforme and penicillium purpurogenum when they were present in poultry feed. the results showed that the extracts reduced the growth of aspergillus ... | 2001 | 11393747 |
| structure analysis of the endoxylanase a gene from penicillium purpurogenum. | penicillium purpurogenum produces several endoxylanases, two of which (xyna and xynb) have been purified and characterized. xynb has been sequenced, and it belongs to glycosyl hydrolase family 11. in this publication we report the structure of the xyna gene. the amino terminal sequence of the protein was determined and this allowed the design of oligonucleotides for use in polymerase chain reactions. different polymerase chain reaction strategies were used to amplify and sequence the entire cdna ... | 2001 | 11715859 |
| electrophoretic karyotype of the filamentous fungus penicillium purpurogenum and chromosomal location of several xylanolytic genes. | the electrophoretic karyotype of the filamentous fungus penicillium purpurogenum has been resolved. using contour-clamped homogeneous electric field gel electrophoresis, five chromosomal bands were separated, with estimated sizes of 7.1, 5.2, 3.7, 2.9 and 2.3 mbp, giving a total genome size of 21.2 mbp. to our knowledge, this is the smallest penicillium genome determined so far. by southern blots and using homologous probes, the chromosomal location of five xylanolytic genes from p. purpurogenum ... | 2001 | 11750831 |
| alternate conformations observed in catalytic serine of bacillus subtilis lipase determined at 1.3 a resolution. | bacillus subtilis extracellular lipase (bsl) has an exceptionally low molecular weight (19.4 kda) for a member of the lipase family. a crystallographic study was performed on bsl in order to design and produce mutant bsl that will be more suitable for industrial uses based on analysis of the three-dimensional structure. recently, the crystal structure of bsl has been determined at 1.5 a resolution [van pouderoyen et al. (2001). j. mol. biol. 309, 215-226]. in the present study, a new crystal for ... | 2002 | 12077437 |
| secretion of endoxylanase a from penicillium purpurogenum by saccharomyces cerevisiae transformed with genomic fungal dna. | saccharomyces cerevisiae was transformed with a genomic library from penicillium purpurogenum, and an endoxylanase-producing yeast clone (named 44a) that grows on xylose or xylan as sole carbon source was isolated. this yeast synthesizes xyna mrna and secretes endoxylanase a to culture media when grown on xylan or xylose, but not glucose. analysis by pulse-field gel electrophoresis and sequencing indicates that xyna, including its eight introns, has been inserted into the yeast genome. it was sh ... | 2002 | 12113940 |
| differences in expression of two endoxylanase genes (xyna and xynb) from penicillium purpurogenum. | a number of xylanolytic microorganisms secrete to the medium several molecular forms of endoxylanases. the physiological function of these isoforms is not clear; one possibility is that they are produced under different growth conditions. to study this problem, we have used two endoxylanases (xyna and xynb) produced by the fungus penicillium purpurogenum. these enzymes have been previously purified and characterized; they belong to family 10 and 11 of the glycosyl hydrolases, respectively. the p ... | 2002 | 12137954 |
| [obstacles of soybean continuous cropping, iii. mechanism of soybean yield increment by marine actinomyces mb-97]. | an isolate of marine actinomyces mb-97 identified as streptomyces microflavus could successfully colonize in the rhizoshpere of soybean, and inhibit penicillium purpurogenum, a soybean deleterious rhizospheric microorganisms. after applied mb-97, the ratio of bacteria/fungi in the rhizosphere of soybean was increased, and the soil became to be "bacterial type" from "fungal type". the populations of p. purpurogenum were apparently suppressed about 80%, and the harm of toxins in soil was weak. the ... | 2002 | 12561169 |
| characterization of an alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase gene (abf1) from penicillium purpurogenum and its expression. | an alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase gene (abf1) from penicillium purpurogenum was identified and sequenced. abf1 has an open reading frame of 1518 bp, does not contain introns and codes for a protein of 506 amino acids. the deduced mature protein has a molecular mass of 49.6 kda, and its sequence is homologous to arabinofuranosidases of glycosyl hydrolase family 54. southern blots suggest that abf1 is a single copy gene. putative sequences for the binding of the transcriptional regulators xlnr, crea, ... | 2003 | 12825509 |
| [phenomena of nuclear fusion in the formation of conidiophores of penicillium purpurogenum stoll., in submerged culture]. | | 1961 | 13921873 |
| extraction and preliminary characterization of a hepatotoxic substance from cultures of penicillium rubrum. | wilson, benjamin j. (david lipscomb college, nashville, tenn.) and christina h. wilson. extraction and preliminary characterization of a hepatotoxic substance from cultures of penicillium rubrum. j. bacteriol. 84:283-290. 1962.-a toxic acidic substance was extracted from cultures of penicillium rubrum p-13 grown on corn-sucrose medium. administration to mice, guinea pigs, rabbits, and dogs produced hepatotoxic and hemorrhagic syndromes. these findings were similar to those previously reported in ... | 1962 | 14007311 |
| hepatotoxic substance from penicillium rubrum. | | 1962 | 14007312 |
| pigment formation by penicillium rubrum stoll. | | 1963 | 14047947 |
| [phytotoxic activity of chernozem saprophytic micromycetes: specificity, sorption and stability of phytotoxins in soil]. | micromycetes of the complex of typical chernozem saprotrophic fungi released phytotoxic metabolites into medium. the metabolites displayed their phytotoxic activities directly in soil. evaluation of the toxicities, range of biological effects activities, and stabilities of phytotoxins in soil and the rates of their biodegradation allowed the species that can serve as indicators of chernozem microbial toxicosis to be selected, namely, aspergillus clavatus, fusarium solani, talaromyces flavus, pen ... | 2003 | 14520964 |
| the acetyl xylan esterase ii gene from penicillium purpurogenum is differentially expressed in several carbon sources, and tightly regulated by ph. | the expression of the acetyl xylan esterase ii (axeii) gene from penicillium purpurogenum is repressed by glucose and induced by xylan, as well as to a small degree by xylose and xylitol. this gene is expressed at neutral ph, but not under alkaline or acidic conditions, in agreement with previous findings for other xylanolytic genes of this organism. this is the first report showing ph regulation of an axe gene. | 2004 | 15174310 |
| a simple multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for the identification of four environmentally relevant fungal contaminants. | historically, identification of filamentous fungal (mold) species has been based on morphological characteristics, both macroscopic and microscopic. these methods may often be time-consuming and inaccurate, necessitating the development of identification protocols that are rapid, sensitive, and precise. the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) has shown great promise in its ability to identify and quantify individual organisms from a mixed culture environment; however, the cost effectiveness of singl ... | 2005 | 15676191 |
| screening of flocculant-producing strains by ntg mutagenesis. | screening of new microorganism being able to produce efficiently flocculants was carried out. a new model for screening efficient flocculant-producing strains was designed and tested. the results showed that this model for screening efficient flocculant-producing strains is very reliable and can greatly shorten the screening period. 13 flocculant-producing strains were isolated from activated sludge by conventional method. a strain, designated as hhe6, produced the bioflocculant with the turbidi ... | 2005 | 16083133 |
| purification and characterization of an acidophilic xylanase from aureobasidium pullulans var. melanigenum and sequence analysis of the encoding gene. | an extracellular endo-1,4-beta-xylanase was purified from the culture supernatant of aureobasidium pullulans var. melanigenum (atcc 20524) grown on oat-spelt xylan. the purified enzyme showed a single band on sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with an apparent m(r) of 24 kda and had an isoelectric point of 6.7. xylanase activity was optimal at ph 2.0 and 50 degrees c. the genomic dna and cdnas encoding this protein were cloned and sequenced. southern blot analysis indicated that the xylanase ... | 2001 | 16233094 |
| induction and catabolite repression mechanisms of cellulase in fungi. | cellulases are induced in most of fungi only when cellulose or an inducer exists. in hypocrea jecorina and penicillium purpurogenum, the respective inducers are sophorose and gentiobiose, which do not have beta-1,4 linkages though cellobiose, which has this linkage, is an inducer in other fungi. beta-glucosidase, which catalyzes transglucosylation, is the key enzyme in converting cello-oligosaccharides to the inducers for cellulase induction in h. jecorina and p. purpurogenum. there are three st ... | 2001 | 16233102 |
| induction of cellulase by gentiobiose and its sulfur-containing analog in penicillium purpurogenum. | cellulase induction by beta-glucodisaccharides was investigated by using non-cellulase-induced mycelia of penicillium purpurogenum p-26, a highly-cellulase-producing fungus. gentiobiose induced significant amounts of cellulase compared with cellobiose when nojirimycin was added to the induction medium to inhibit extracellular beta-glucosidase activity. thiogentiobiose (6-s-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-6-thio-d-glucose), a sulfur-containing analog of gentiobiose, was more effective for cellulase inducti ... | 1992 | 16348617 |
| antioxidant and biocidal activities of carum nigrum (seed) essential oil, oleoresin, and their selected components. | in the present study, chemical constituents of the essential oil and oleoresin of the seed from carum nigrum obtained by hydrodistillation and soxhlet extraction using acetone, respectively, have been studied by gc and gc-ms techniques. the major component was dillapiole (29.9%) followed by germacrene b (21.4%), beta-caryophyllene (7.8%), beta-selinene (7.1%), and nothoapiole (5.8%) along with many other components in minor amounts. seventeen components were identified in the oleoresin (table 2) ... | 2006 | 16390196 |
| cotton fleahopper and associated microorganisms as components in the production of stress ethylene by cotton. | excised cotton terminal buds incubated with adults or nymphs of the cotton fleahopper (cfh), pseudatomoscelis seriatus (reuter), produced ethylene at theoretical abscission-inducing rates by 24 h after introduction of the insect. inoculation of cotton shoot tips with three microorganisms commonly associated with cfh and cotton in all cases promoted ethylene production to theoretical abscission-inducing rates by 24 h after inoculation. cfh alone or injection of microorganisms consistently caused ... | 1988 | 16666119 |
| production of phoenicine on synthetic media: penicillium phoeniceum van beyma. 2. penicillium rubrum grasberger-stoll. | | 1940 | 16747296 |
| a case of disseminated mycosis in a german shepherd dog due to penicillium purpurogenum. | the genus penicillium is among the most common contaminant fungi in the environment. around 15 species are known to cause opportunistic human mycoses, in immunocompromised patients. until now, penicillium purpurogenum has been involved in only three human cases of pulmonary diseases but no infections in animals have been reported. most disseminated mycoses in dogs are caused by members of the genus aspergillus, with the predisposing factors in these cases being difficult to define. the case repo ... | 2006 | 16805099 |
| penicillium purpurogenum produces a family 1 acetyl xylan esterase containing a carbohydrate-binding module: characterization of the protein and its gene. | at least three acetyl xylan esterases (axe i, ii and iii) are secreted by penicillium purpurogenum. this publication describes more detailed work on axe i and its gene. axe i binds cellulose but not xylan; it is glycosylated and inactivated by phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride, showing that it is a serine esterase. the axe1 gene presents an open reading frame of 1278 bp, including two introns of 68 and 61 bp; it codes for a signal peptide of 31 residues and a mature protein of 351 amino acids (mole ... | 2006 | 17008082 |
| a simple polymerase chain reaction-sequencing analysis capable of identifying multiple medically relevant filamentous fungal species. | due to the accumulating evidence that suggests that numerous unhealthy conditions in the indoor environment are the result of abnormal growth of the filamentous fungi (mold) in and on building surfaces it is necessary to accurately determine the organisms responsible for these maladies and to identify them in an accurate and timely manner. historically, identification of filamentous fungal (mold) species has been based on morphological characteristics, both macroscopic and microscopic. these met ... | 2006 | 17039272 |
| pcr-rflp of its rdna for the rapid identification of penicillium subgenus biverticillium species. | rflp of its rdna is proposed as a useful tool for molecular identification of the most common species of biverticillate penicillia. 60 isolates were analysed representing 13 species and 21 unique sequences were produced. the combination of five restriction enzymes was successful in separating 12 species. however, the variety penicillium purpurogenum var. rubrisclerotium remained indistinguishable from penicillium funiculosum. p. funiculosum appeared as the most confused species, being mis-identi ... | 2006 | 17196020 |