| mutagenicity and antibacterial activity of mycotoxins produced by penicillium islandicum sopp and penicillium rugulosum. | twelve mycotoxins produced by penicillium islandicum sopp and penicillium rugulosum in solid-state fermentation on grains were purified and tested for mutagenicity and antibacterial activity in salmonella/mammalian microsome assays. the mutations studied were reversions of histidine auxotrophs to prototrophy in strains ta98 and ta100 and forward mutations to 8-azaguanine resistance (8agr) in strain tm677. rubroskyrin, (+)rugulosin, lumiluteoskyrin [a photoproduct of (-)luteoskyrin], and simatoxi ... | 1978 | 368283 |
| mass spectrometric peptide sequencing: cyclochlorotine. | a potent toxin isolated from penicillium islandicum sopp was found to have the composition c24h31n5o7cl2. mass spectrometric investigation of a partial acid hydrolyzate showed that it has the structure of cyclochlorotine. the mass spectral characteristics of polyamino alcohol-related derivatives of peptides containing beta-phenylalanine, alpha-amino butyric acid and dichloroproline were determined in the course of this work. | 1979 | 420918 |
| triglyceride accumulation in the liver of mice poisoned with luteoskyrin, a hepatotoxic mycotoxin from penicillium islandicum sopp. | | 1977 | 562430 |
| production of luteoskyrin and isolation of a new metabolite, pibasterol, from penicillium islandicum sopp. | production of luteoskyrin, a hepatotoxin synthesized by penicillium islandicum sopp., was studied with various fermentation methods. best results were obtained in static fermentations on glutinous rice at 30 degrees c. the isolated yield of pure luteoskyrin was approximately 400 mg per kg of rice. also produced were skyrin, islandicin, iridoskyrin, rubroskyrin, chrysophanol, mannitol, and erythritol. a new metabolite, which we call pibasterol, was also isolated. | 1978 | 565188 |
| studies concerning the metabolites produced by stachybotrys atra, penicillium islandicum, penicillium viridicatum and aspergillus versicolor. | over the past ten years it has become quite apparent that mycotoxins, or toxins produced by fungi, are responsible for a wide variety of human and animal illnesses and, in many cases, deaths. consequently, the study of the metabolites produced by fungi and the possible occurrence of such metabolites in foodstuffs is of critical importance. it is the purpose of this paper to outline the approach taken at the u.s. food and drug administration in evaluating the possible hazard to human health posed ... | 1977 | 566067 |
| sex and age differences in luteoskyrin hepatotoxicity. | 1. luteoskyrin, a hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin from the fungus of "yellowed rice" penicillium islandicum sopp, shows different toxicities depending on the age and sex in mice. the lethal toxicity was higher in young or male mice than in adult or female mice. 2. 3h-luteoskyrin was accumulated in the livers, especially in their mitochondria, of suckling or male mice in larger amounts than in those of adult and female mice. 3. intravenously injected 3h-luteoskyrin was excreted into ... | 1977 | 566069 |
| a convenient thin layer chromatographic method for the detection of cyclochlorotine and simatoxin, toxins from penicillium islandicum sopp. | a rapid, convenient tlc method is described for detection of cyclochlorotine, a carcinogen produced by the commonly found storage mold penicillium islandicum sopp. this method has also led to the isolation of a new toxic metabolite, simatoxin. | 1978 | 658315 |
| impairments of glycogen and drug metabolisms by chloropeptide, a hepatotoxic mycotoxin of penicillium islandicum sopp. | administration of chloropeptide, a hepatotoxic cyclic pentapeptide of penicillium islandicum sopp, caused a marked decline in the hepatic glycogen synthetase activity with concomitant increase in nadp-dependent g-6-p dehydrogenase activity. the microsomalmixed function oxygenases were also reduced in the liver of rats following chloropeptide treatment. | 1978 | 748561 |
| isolation and characterization of luteoskyrin and rugulosin, two hepatotoxic anthraquinonoids from penicillium islandicum sopp. and penicillium rugulosum thom. | | 1976 | 987085 |
| erythroskyrine, the third mycotoxin from penicillium islandicum scopp. | | 1975 | 1232466 |
| two toxic indole alkaloids from penicillium islandicum. | two new isomeric metabolites, toxins a and b, were isolated from culture extracts of penicillium islandicum. both toxins had a molecular formula of c16h15o2n2cl, and physical and chemical analyses indicated that they were indole alkaloids. ld50 of toxin a was about 75-125 mg/kg in day-old cockerels. insufficient toxin b was available to determine accurate ld50 values. toxin a moderately inhibited growth of wheat coleoptiles but did not inhibit growth of week-old intact corn and bean plants. toxi ... | 1976 | 1276998 |
| [hepatotoxicity of cyclochlorotine--a cyclic peptide produced by penicillium islandicum]. | toxicological investigations of "yellow rice" which have been contaminated with various penicillium species have shown that penicillium islandicum apart from well-known hepatotoxic mycotoxin, lyteoskyrin synthesizes cyclochlorotine (chloropeptide, cp), which is also hepatotoxic. isolation of chloropeptide and its chemical characteristics, acute toxicity and biochemical alterations, tissue distribution and excretion, deformation of hepatic cells, and interaction with cytoskeleton filaments are de ... | 1992 | 1494575 |
| imi descriptions of fungi and bacteria no. 1106. penicillium islandicum. | | 1992 | 1640982 |
| transformation of mammalian cells by luteoskyrin. | the transforming activity of luteoskyrin (ls), a bis-anthraquinoid mycotoxin produced by penicillium islandicum sopp., and a hepatocarcinogen in rodents, was examined by an in vitro transformation assay using mouse embryonal balb/3t3 a31-1-1 cells. the results revealed that ls induced type iii foci at 0.5 micrograms/ml, and that the cells selected from these foci by soft-agar cloning grew with a high saturation density. thus, it was confirmed that ls not only induces hepatic tumours in laborator ... | 1991 | 1937291 |
| formation of the 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine moiety in hepatic dna of mice orally administered with luteoskyrin, a bis-anthraquinoid mycotoxin. | following oral administration of luteoskyrin (ls), a bis-anthraquinone and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin of penicillium islandicum sopp, to ddy male mice, significant increases in serum got and gpt activities, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-oh-dg) residues in hepatic dna, and hepatic lipid peroxide level were observed. alpha-tocopherol (alpha-tp) depressed the hepatic lipid peroxide content but did not decrease the 8-oh-dg level. these findings indicate that hydroxy radicals derived from ls are invol ... | 1991 | 1957324 |
| development of monoclonal-antibody-elisa and -dip-stick immunoassays for penicillium islandicum in rice grains. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were raised against penicillium islandicum, a fungus commonly isolated from stored rice grains in south-east asia. mice were immunized by a direct, simple method; fresh cell-free surface washings from a solid agar slant culture were injected directly into the peritoneum without prior concentration. hybridoma supernatants were screened by elisa. most of the mabs raised cross-reacted with other storage fungi and/or uninfected rice grains but there were species-specific ... | 1990 | 2168929 |
| [contamination of wheat flour with the toxigenic strain of penicillium islandicum sopp and the embryotoxic effect of its secondary metabolites in the chick embryo]. | material milled and sampled in 1986 in one prague flour mill included two flour batches contaminated with a toxicogenic strain of penicillium islandicum sopp. p. islandicum, cultivated under experimental conditions, yielded the total of eight grams of chloroform extract containing three grams of luteoskyrin from a kilogram of wheat. the effective dose of chloroform extract was 0.8 microgram (0.5-1.8) for a two-day old chicken embryo, 2.0 microgram (1.7-2.6) for a three-day old embryo and 2.8 mic ... | 1987 | 3116746 |
| absolute and relative configuration of erythroskyrin. | we have reisolated erythroskyrin from penicillium islandicum and have determined the relative stereochemistry of the compound through extensive 1h- and 13c-nmr studies. the absolute stereochemistry was determined by nmr studies of the o-methylmandelate esters. | 1988 | 3404152 |
| inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by flavoskyrin, a toxic metabolite of penicillium islandicum sopp. | the effects of flavoskyrin, a toxic bianthraquinoid compound from penicillium islandicum sopp., on the dna repair system in rat and mouse hepatocytes and on the atp biosynthesis system in rat liver mitochondria were studied to gain insight into the mechanism for its cytotoxicity. flavoskyrin did not elicit unscheduled dna synthesis (uds) in hepatocytes at all, implying non-genotoxicity of this compound. flavoskyrin was found to uncouple oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, significantly de ... | 1986 | 3705098 |
| production of the hepatotoxic chlorine-containing peptide by penicillium islandicum sopp. | twenty-six strains of penicillium islandicum sopp were tested for production of a chlorine-containing peptide (cl-peptide), which is a hepatotoxin. highest levels of the mycotoxin were produced in a modification of wickerham medium. the mycotoxin was isolated by adsorption on charcoal and, after washing the charcoal with acetone-water (1:1), was eluted into n-butanol. further purification was accomplished by gel filtration. maximum yields were 10 to 20 mg of toxin per liter of culture filtrate. | 1973 | 4751792 |
| a method for the isolation of luteoskyrin from penicillium islandicum sopp. | | 1973 | 4780737 |
| experimentally induced chronic liver injuries by the metabolites of penicillium islandicum sopp. | | 1973 | 4800732 |
| the mode of binding of luteoskyrin, a hepatotoxic pigment of penicillium islandicum sopp, to deoxyribonucleic acid. | | 1968 | 5303611 |
| inhibitory effects of luteoskyrin, a hepatotoxic pigment of penicillium islandicum sopp, and chemically related pigments on a protozoon, tetrahymena pyriformis gl. | | 1968 | 5305284 |
| production of luteoskyrin, a hepatotoxic pigment, by penicillium islandicum sopp. | various factors affecting the yields of luteoskyrin, a hepatotoxic mycotoxin, and related pigments in the liquid medium were studied. maximal yields of luteoskyrin (0.13% by isolation) and of other pigments were attained in the late phase of the cultivation. the yield of the pigment was increased by supplying malt extract, malonic acid, glutamic acid, or asparagine. a useful material for preparation of (14)c-labeled luteoskyrin was 2-(14)c-malonate. | 1969 | 5373676 |
| chemical determination of the chlorine-containing peptide, a hepatotoxic mycotoxin of penicillium islandicum sopp. | | 1970 | 5448846 |
| [extraction of luteoskyrine from mycelium of penicillium islandicum, sopp]. | | 1968 | 5668596 |
| the binding of luteoskyrin, a hepatotoxic pigment of penicillium islandicum sopp, to deoxyribonucleohistone. | | 1968 | 5671672 |
| an alternate route for the formation of malonate in penicillium islandicum. | | 1968 | 5700794 |
| biochemical studies on the metabolism of penicillium islandicum sopp. ii. acetyl-coa carboxylase and related enzymes. | | 1969 | 5804467 |
| metabolic products of fungi. xxiv. the structure of erythroskyrine, a nitrogen-containing coloring matter of penicillium islandicum sopp. | | 1965 | 5864706 |
| biosynthesis of natural products. 3. biosynthesis of erythroskyrine, a coloring matter of penicillium islandicum sopp. | | 1966 | 5939659 |
| toxic factors of mould origin. | the chemistry and effects of mycotoxins associated with human and animal foodstuffs are reviewed. the aflatoxins, metabolites of aspergillus flavus, have been implicated in fatal diseases of farm stock fed on infected peanut cake. muscarine and the phalloidins are the causative agents in mushroom poisoning. lysergic acid alkaloids are involved in ergotism. "yellow rice" toxicity arises from infection with penicillium islandicum, the active principles being islanditoxin and luteoskyrin. various s ... | 1966 | 5948367 |
| [studies on the structure and biogenesis of the acid polysaccharide of penicillium islandicum (islandic acid)]. | | 1966 | 5998095 |
| [action of luteoskyrin, a hepatotoxic pigment of penicillium islandicum sopp, on oxidative phosphorylation of rat liver mitochondria]. | | 1966 | 6009558 |
| biotin and the biosynthesis of anthraquinoid pigments in penicillium islandicum sopp. | | 1967 | 6035274 |
| impairments of rna synthesis in ehrlich ascites tumour by luteoskyrin, a hepatotoxic pigment of penicillium islandicum sopp. | | 1967 | 6077857 |
| effects of chloropeptide on liver components and serum enzyme activities in mice. | the subcutaneous administration of chloropeptide, a hepatotoxic cyclic pentapeptide of penicillium islandicum sopp, induced a marked enlargement of hepatic weight in mice. chemical analysis revealed an increment of water content. biochemical investigation resulted in marked elevation of serum enzyme activities such as transaminases, alcohol dehydrogenase, fructose-1-phosphate aldolase and lactate dehydrogenase. | 1981 | 6168765 |
| a comparative study on cytotoxicities and biochemical properties of anthraquinone mycotoxins emodin and skyrin from penicillium islandicum sopp. | the anthraquinone mycotoxins emodin and skyrin were examined for the inhibitory effects on murine leukemia l1210 culture cells, oxidative phosphorylation of rat liver mitochondria, and na+, k+-activated atpase activity of rat brain microsomes to find the differences between their modes of toxic action. skyrin exhibited a stronger inhibitory effect than emodin on the growth of l1210 culture cells. emodin showed a stronger uncoupling effect than skyrin on mitochondrial respiration. skyrin inhibite ... | 1984 | 6320499 |
| production of cyclochlorotine and a new metabolite, simatoxin, by penicillium islandicum sopp. | production of the hepatotoxin cyclochlorotine by penicillium islandicum was studied under a variety of fermentation conditions. the best system for production was agitated red wheat. a thin-layer chromatographic method was developed for the detection of this cyclic polypeptide. these experiments have resulted in the isolation of a new toxic metabolite, which we call simatoxin. | 1978 | 677874 |
| liver injuries induced by cyclochlorotine isolated from penicillium islandicum. | sequential morphological changes in murine liver induced by cyclochlorotine (cc), a secondary metabolite of penicillium islandicum were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. within 15 min after the administration of cc there was a marked dilatation of disse's space around the portal triads, and the exudates then poured out into the space which was formed by the invagination of the hepatocyte plasma membrane. shortly after the invagination was complete ... | 1984 | 6732503 |
| the immunosuppressive effects of trichothecenes and cyclochlorotine on the antibody responses in guinea pigs. | immunosuppressive effects of trichothecenes of fusarium solani and fusarium nivale, t-2 toxin and fusarenon-x, and also of a mycotoxin of penicillium islandicum, cyclochlorotine, were studied by measuring the anti-2,4-dinitrophenyl (dnp) antibody responses in guinea pigs immunized with dnp-bovine serum albumin. among these mycotoxins, t-2 toxin alone suppressed strongly the anti-dnp antibody responses at a certain sublethal dose. with other mycotoxins, no effect was observed at any sublethal dos ... | 1982 | 7120038 |
| cytotoxicity of chloropeptide in isolated hepatocytes and its inactivation by microsomes. | chloropeptide, a hepatotoxic mycotoxin of penicillium islandicum sopp, induces gross changes in cell morphology including blebbing and ballooning of the cytoplasmic membrane in the isolated hepatocytes, and this hepatotoxic potential of chloropeptide is abolished by microsomal cytochrome p-450 system. | 1982 | 7131597 |
| chronic toxicity and hepatocarcinogenicity of (+) rugulosin, an anthraquinoid mycotoxin from penicillium species: preliminary surveys in mice. | (+) rugulosin (rug) is bis-anthraquinoid pigment produced by fungi such as penicillium rugulosum thom, p. tardum and others, and its chemical structure is very close to (-) luteoskyrin, one of bis-anthraquinoid pigments of penicillium islandicum sopp and hepatocarcinogenic to mice and rats. this investigation was concerned with the subacute and chronic effects of rug on hepatic injury and hepatocellular tumor induction in male mice fed purified diets for 22 days containing 1.5 mg/5 g diet/animal ... | 1980 | 7218376 |
| spin-trapping and direct epr investigations on the hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic actions of luteoskyrin, an anthraquinoid mycotoxin produced by penicillium islandicum sopp. generations of superoxide anion and luteoskyrin semiquinone radical in the redox systems consisted of luteoskyrin and liver nadph- or nadh-dependent reductases. | luteoskyrin is a hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic bisdihydroanthraquinone produced by penicillium islandicum sopp. by observing the epr spectra of dmpo-spin adducts and luteoskyrin semiquinone radical, we investigated in vitro whether luteoskyrin is reduced to its semiquinone radical leading to the generation of active oxygen species in redox systems catalyzed by nadph-dependent cytochrome reductases of the liver. we found (1) the formation of luteoskyrin semiquinone radical in the nadph-cytoc ... | 1995 | 7647918 |
| effects of cyclochlorotine on myofibrils in cardiomyocytes and on actin filament bundles in fibroblasts in vitro. | the effects of cyclochlorotine (cc), a secondary metabolite of penicillium islandicum, on cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts were investigated by fluorescent and electron microscopy. the in vitro application of cc on myocytes induced disruption of myofibrils and large accumulations of actin, myosin, alpha-actinin, and vinculin at the cellular processes. this agent also induced the formation of islands of myosin and alpha-actinin aggregates. actin filament bundles in fibroblasts were either unaffecte ... | 1994 | 7704452 |
| luteoskyrin, an anthraquinoid hepatotoxin, and ascorbic acid generate hydroxyl radical in vitro in the presence of a trace amount of ferrous iron. | luteoskyrin is a bis-dihydroanthraquinone mycotoxin produced by penicillium islandicum sopp. by using epr spin-trap techniques we investigated whether .oh is formed in a model system containing ascorbic acid and the toxin. in the presence of dmso and dmpo, we found signals of dmpo-ch3, a more specific and reliable signature of .oh than dmpo-oh, together with the signals of ascorbyl radical. dmpo-ch3 signals increased with time of incubation up to 5.5 min. the dmpo-ch3 formation depended complete ... | 1993 | 8282236 |
| transformations of penicillium islandicum and penicillium frequentans that produce anthraquinone-related compounds. | wild-type strains of penicillium islandicum and penicillium frequentans, which produce anthraquinone and related compounds, were transformed to benomyl and hygromycin b resistance. plasmids psv50 and pbt6, with benomyl-resistant beta-tublin genes, and plasmids pan7-1 and pdh25, with a bacterial hygromycin phosphotransferase gene under the control of aspergillus nidulans sequences, were used respectively. transformation frequencies with these plasmids were 10-20 transformants per micrograms of dn ... | 1995 | 8593690 |
| endoglucanase production by paper-degrading mycoflora. | fourteen fungal species, namely aspergillus flavus, a. fumigatus, a. niger, a. ustus, penicillium islandicum, p. wortmannii, memnoniella echinata, cladosporium herbarum, stachybotrys atra, chaetomium globosum, fusarium oxysporum, torula herbarum, alternaria alternata and curvularia uncinata were isolated from different grades of paper. they differ in their distribution on various kinds of paper and also in relative occurrence. while seasonal influence on mycoflora was observed, most of the mould ... | 1997 | 9418063 |
| the redox reaction and biotransformation of rubroskyrin, a modified bis-anthraquione from penicillium islandicum sopp. | rubroskyrin, a modified bis-anthraquinone pigment from penicillium islandicum sopp, was studied on the redox interaction with nadh-linked redox system of rat liver microsomes, comparing with luteoskyrin and rugulosin. it was found that rubroskyrin was enzymatically reduced by nadh/microsomes and was immediately autoxidized by dissolved oxygen, producing hydrogen peroxide (h2o2). luteoskyrin and rugulosin did not exhibit such a redox reaction, consuming dissolved oxygen and producing h2o2. the h2 ... | 1998 | 9888634 |
| acceleration of actin polymerization and rapid microfilament reorganization in cultured hepatocytes by cyclochlorotin, a hepatotoxic cyclic peptide. | cyclochlorotin (= chloropeptide, cc) is a hepatotoxic mycotoxin of penicillium islandicum sopp. the effect of cc on actin polymerization was examined by the measurement of changes in fluorescence intensity using pyrene-labeled actin and high shear viscosity. in the presence of cc, the time course of actin polymerization was accelerated in a dose dependent manner (2.5 ng/ml-2.5 microg/ml), without affecting the final level of viscosity. cc exerted a strong stabilizing effect on actin, enabling it ... | 2001 | 10978748 |
| studies in the biochemistry of micro-organisms. 91. the colouring matters of penicillium islandicum sopp. 3. skyrin and flavoskyrin. | | 1954 | 13126093 |
| studies in the biochemistry of micro-organisms. 92. the colouring matters of penicillium islandicum sopp. 4. iridoskyrin, rubroskyrin and erythroskyrine. | | 1954 | 13172171 |
| metabolic products of fungi. vii. paper chromatography of the coloring matters of penicillium islandicum sopp. | | 1955 | 13289275 |
| studies on the toxic products of penicillium islandicum. i. on a toxic pigment produced by surface culture. | | 1956 | 13376199 |
| studies on the antagonizing effects of coenzyme a preparation upon the toxic effect of penicillium islandicum sopp. | | 1956 | 13415753 |
| toxic liver injuries and liver cirrhosis induced in mice and rats through long term feeding with penicillium islandicum sopp-growing rice. | | 1960 | 13771485 |
| toxicological approach to the metabolites of penicillium islandicum sopp growing on the yellowed rice. | | 1961 | 13779240 |
| isolation of two toxic agents, luteoskyrin and chlorine-containing peptide, from the metabolites of penicillium islandicum sopp, with some properties thereof. | | 1961 | 13779241 |
| acute and chronic toxicity in mice and rats of the fungus mat of penicillium islandicum sopp added to the diet. | | 1961 | 13923871 |
| protective effect of bioflavonoid (rutin) against acute intoxication by the toxic metabolite of penicillium islandicum sopp with special reference to microcirculation. | | 1963 | 13957031 |
| [biochemical research on the toxic substances of rice yellowed by penicillium islandicum sopp]. | | 1963 | 13993465 |
| [enzymatic studies on the metabolism of penicillium islandicum sopp. i. preliminary study of the principal metabolic pathway in p. islandicum]. | | 1964 | 14187046 |
| [studies on the toxic effects of a chlorine-containing peptide (islanditoxin) produced by penicillium islandicum sopp grown on yellow rice. 1. experimental study on acute liver injuries caused by islanditoxin]. | | 1964 | 14192269 |
| mitochondrial respiratory impairment by luteoskyrin, a hepatotoxic pigment of penicillium islandicum sopp. | | 1964 | 14192592 |
| [mechanism of the toxic effects of chlorine-containing peptide (islanditoxin) produced by penicillium islandicum sopp grown on yellow rice. 2. alterations of permeability of the sinusoidal wall and the liver cell membrane in acute liver injury]. | | 1964 | 14215718 |
| [the effects of luteoskyrin, toxic substance from penicillium islandicum sopp, on the swelling of mitochondria]. | | 1964 | 14233270 |
| cytotoxic effects of the mycotoxins of penicillium islandicum sopp, luteoskyrin and chlorine-containing peptide on chang's liver cells and hela cells. | | 1964 | 14277872 |
| metabolites of penicillium islandicum sopp. | | 1964 | 14282278 |
| liver cirrhosis induced by metabolites of penicillium islandicum sopp. | | 1959 | 14496124 |
| solid- and vapor-phase antimicrobial activities of six essential oils: susceptibility of selected foodborne bacterial and fungal strains. | the antimicrobial activity of essential oils (eos) of cinnamon (cinnamon zeylanicum), clove (syzygium aromaticum), basil (ocimum basillicum), rosemary (rosmarinus officinalis), dill (anethum graveolens), and ginger (zingiber officinalis) was evaluated over a range of concentrations in two types of contact tests (solid and vapor diffusion). the eos were tested against an array of four gram-positive bacteria (staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus, enterococcus faecalis, and listeria monocytogenes ... | 2005 | 16104824 |
| [mycological examination of domestic unpolished rice and mycotoxin production by isolated penicillium islandicum]. | fungi growing on domestic rice were examined from april to june, 2003. one hundred samples of rice, which had been harvested in the autumn of 2002, were collected from the local market, and 15 samples of stored rice, which had been harvested in 2001 and stored in warehouses under government control, were used as samples. from each sample, 50 grains (100 grains in total) were plated on potato-dextrose agar (pda) and malt yeast 40% sucrose agar (m40ya) containing chloramphenicol after being washed ... | 2005 | 16305175 |
| studies in the biochemistry of micro-organisms. 80. the colouring matters of penicillium islandicum sopp. part 1. 1:4:5-trihydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone. | | 1949 | 16748503 |
| studies in the biochemistry of micro-organisms. 81. the colouring matters of penicillium islandicum sopp. part 2. chrysophanic acid, 4:5-dihydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone. | | 1950 | 16748635 |
| vapor-phase activities of cinnamon, thyme, and oregano essential oils and key constituents against foodborne microorganisms. | the aim of the study presented here was to gain knowledge about the vapor-phase antimicrobial activity of selected essential oils and their major putatively active constituents against a range of foodborne bacterial and fungal strains. in a first step, the vapor-phase antimicrobial activities of three commercially available essential oils (eos)-cinnamon (cinnamomum zeylanicum), thyme (thymus vulgaris), and oregano (origanum vulgare)-were evaluated against a wide range of microorganisms, includin ... | 2007 | 17488023 |
| development of flexible antimicrobial films using essential oils as active agents. | the antimicrobial activity in the vapor-phase of laboratory-made flexible films of polypropylene (pp) and polyethylene/ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (pe/evoh) incorporating essential oil of cinnamon ( cinnamomum zeylanicum), oregano ( origanum vulgare), clove ( syzygium aromaticum), or cinnamon fortified with cinnamaldehyde was evaluated against a wide range of microorganisms: the gram-negative bacteria escherichia coli, yersinia enterocolitica, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and salmonella cholerae ... | 2007 | 17880148 |
| studies in the biochemistry of micro-organisms; the colouring matters of penicillium islandicum sopp.; 1:4:5-trihydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone. | | 1949 | 18144449 |
| structural and conformational analysis of hydroxycyclochlorotine and cyclochlorotine, chlorinated cyclic peptides from penicillium islandicum. | a new chlorinated cyclic pentapeptide, hydroxycyclochlorotine (1), has been isolated from penicillium islandicum, and the structure including absolute stereochemistry of 1 and conformational properties of 1 and cyclochlorotine (2) in dmso-d6 were elucidated by using extensive 2d nmr and chemical means. hydroxycyclochlorotine (1) and astin b (3) from aster tataricus, each containing an allo threonine at residue 2, have a cis proline configuration, whereas cyclochlorotine (2) has two conformationa ... | 2008 | 18558744 |
| 2-methyl-1:4:5-trihydroxyanthraquinone, a metabolic product of penicillium islandicum sopp. | | 1948 | 18889888 |
| molecular fingerprinting by pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis reveals differences in the levels of microbial diversity for musty-earthy tainted corks. | the microbial community structure of cork with marked musty-earthy aromas was analyzed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of amplified ribosomal dna. cork stoppers and discs were used for dna extraction and were analyzed by using selective primers for bacteria and fungi. stoppers clearly differed from discs harboring a different fungal community. moreover, musty-earthy samples of both types were shown to have a specific microbiota. the fungi penicillium glabrum and neurospora spp. wer ... | 2009 | 19201983 |
| determination of a yellow rice toxin, luteoskyrin, in rice by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization. | penicillium islandicum produces luteoskyrin (lut), a yellow rice toxin that has been found frequently in rice. however, conventional analytical methods for determining lut are limited, are complicated, and exhibit low sensitivity. in this study, an analytical method more sensitive and simple based on high-performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was developed. the cleanup procedure of the method was one step, using a solid-phase extraction cartrid ... | 2009 | 19610349 |
| effect of mixed antimicrobial agents and flavors in active packaging films. | active packaging is an emerging food technology to improve the quality and safety of food products. many works have been developed to study the antimicrobial activity of essential oils. essential oils have been traditionally used as flavorings in food, so they have an important odor impact but they have as well antimicrobial properties that could be used to protect the food. recent developments in antimicrobial active packaging showed the efficiency of essential oils versus bread and bakery prod ... | 2009 | 19711918 |
| [study on development of the principles for determination and evaluation of antimicrobial effectiveness of food preservatives]. | to establish the principles for determination and evaluation of the preservative properties demonstrates the effectiveness of a substance when used as a food preservative. | 2009 | 20047216 |
| fungal and mycotoxin assessment of dried edible mushroom in nigeria. | in order to determine whether dried mushrooms are a foodstuff that may be less susceptible to infection by toxigenic molds and consequently to mycotoxin contamination, 34 dried market samples were analyzed. fungal population was determined in the samples by conventional mycological techniques and molecular studies, while the spectrum of microbial metabolites including mycotoxins was analyzed by a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric method covering 320 metabolites. molds such as fusar ... | 2013 | 23454813 |
| fungal rock phosphate solubilization using sugarcane bagasse. | the effects of different doses of rock phosphate (rp), sucrose, and (nh(4))(2)so(4) on the solubilization of rp from araxá and catalão (brazil) by aspergillus niger, penicillium canescens, eupenicillium ludwigii, and penicillium islandicum were evaluated in a solid-state fermentation (ssf) system with sugarcane bagasse. the factors evaluated were combined following a 2(3) + 1 factorial design to determine their optimum concentrations. the fitted response surfaces showed that higher doses of rp p ... | 2013 | 22927013 |
| antioxidant hydroanthraquinones from the marine algal-derived endophytic fungus talaromyces islandicus en-501. | five new polyhydroxylated hydroanthraquinone derivatives, namely, 8-hydroxyconiothyrinone b (1), 8,11-dihydroxyconiothyrinone b (2), 4r,8-dihydroxyconiothyrinone b (3), 4s,8-dihydroxyconiothyrinone b (4), and 4s,8-dihydroxy-10-o-methyldendryol e (5), were isolated and identified from the culture extract of talaromyces islandicus en-501, an endophytic fungus obtained from the inner tissue of the marine red alga laurencia okamurai. the structures of these compounds were established on the basis of ... | 2017 | 27992187 |
| two new diphenylketones and a new xanthone from talaromyces islandicus en-501, an endophytic fungus derived from the marine red alga laurencia okamurai. | two new diphenylketones (1 and 2), a new xanthone (3), and a known xanthone analogue (4) were isolated and identified from talaromyces islandicus en-501, an endophytic fungus obtained from the fresh collected marine red alga laurencia okamurai. their structures were elucidated on the basis of nmr spectroscopic and x-ray crystallographic analysis. the joint isolation of benzophenones and xanthones from the same fungal strain supports the biogenesis of xanthones via a benzophenone intermediate. it ... | 2016 | 27941601 |
| the cyclochlorotine mycotoxin is produced by the nonribosomal peptide synthetase cctn in talaromyces islandicus ('penicillium islandicum'). | talaromyces islandicus ('penicillium islandicum') is a widespread foodborne mold that produces numerous secondary metabolites, among them potent mycotoxins belonging to different chemical classes. a notable metabolite is the hepatotoxic and carcinogenic pentapeptide cyclochlorotine that contains the unusual amino acids β-phenylalanine, 2-aminobutyrate and 3,4-dichloroproline. although the chemical structure has been known for over five decades, nothing is known about the biosynthetic pathway of ... | 2016 | 26954535 |
| draft genome sequence of talaromyces islandicus ("penicillium islandicum") wf-38-12, a neglected mold with significant biotechnological potential. | talaromyces (penicillium) islandicus is a common mold found in stored rice or cereals. it has a highly versatile metabolism characterized by the secretion of numerous biopolymer degrading enzymes, mycotoxins, and anthraquinones that altogether offer a broad range of potential industrial applications. here, we report the draft genome sequence of talaromyces islandicus, which provides the basis of a biotechnological usage of this species. | 2015 | 26197417 |