| studies of the antibacterial activity of plant extracts and their constituents against periodontopathic bacteria. | plant extracts and their constituents were tested for antibacterial activity against periodontopathic bacteria, including actinobacillus, capnocytophaga, fusobacterium, eikenella and bacteroides species. the essential oils of two labiatae plants, mosla chinensis maxim. and pogostemon cablin benth., and five terpenoids, hinokitiol, thymol, carvacrol, patchoulialcohol and pogostone, showed antibacterial activity. the terpenoids were especially effective against bacteroides species. | 1990 | 2133438 |
| bactericidal activities of plant essential oils and some of their isolated constituents against campylobacter jejuni, escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes, and salmonella enterica. | an improved method of sample preparation was used in a microplate assay to evaluate the bactericidal activity levels of 96 essential oils and 23 oil compounds against campylobacter jejuni, escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, and salmonella enterica obtained from food and clinical sources. bactericidal activity (ba50) was defined as the percentage of the sample in the assay mixture that resulted in a 50% decrease in cfu relative to a buffer control. twenty-seven oils and 12 compound ... | 2002 | 12380738 |
| [gc-ms analysis of volatile oil of herba pogostemonis collected from leizhou county]. | the chemical constituents of the volatile oil of the stems and leaves of pogostemon cablin collected from leizhou county have been analysed by means of gc-ms. the main constituents are patchouli alcohol, delta-guaiene, alpha-guaiene, seychellene, alpha-patchoulene, aciphyllene, trans-caryophyllene. | 1999 | 12575075 |
| [anti-candida albicans activity of essential oils including lemongrass (cymbopogon citratus) oil and its component, citral]. | the effects of 12 essential oils, popularly used as antifungal treatments in aromatherapy, on growth of candida albicans were investigated. mycelial growth of c. albicans, which is known to give the fungus the capacity to invade mucosal tissues, was inhibited in the medium containing 100 micro g/ml of the oils: lemongrass (cymbopogon citratus), thyme (thymus vulgaris), patchouli (pogostemon cablin) and cedarwood (cedrus atlantica). not only lemongrass oil but also citral, a major component of le ... | 2003 | 14615795 |
| comparative repellency of 38 essential oils against mosquito bites. | the mosquito repellent activity of 38 essential oils from plants at three concentrations was screened against the mosquito aedes aegypti under laboratory conditions using human subjects. on a volunteer's forearm, 0.1 ml of oil was applied per 30 cm2 of exposed skin. when the tested oils were applied at a 10% or 50% concentration, none of them prevented mosquito bites for as long as 2 h, but the undiluted oils of cymbopogon nardus (citronella), pogostemon cablin (patchuli), syzygium aromaticum (c ... | 2005 | 16041723 |
| [inhibition of extracts from 17 chinese herbs on periodontal pathogenic microbes]. | to evaluate the efficiency of 17 chinese herbs on periodontal pathogenic microbes. | 2006 | 16955176 |
| [effect of nacl stress on growth and antioxidant systems of pogostemon cablin]. | to study the effects of salt stress on the growth and resistant-oxidation enzyme activities of pogostemon cablin. | 2009 | 19526776 |
| pogostemon cablin as ros scavenger in oxidant-induced cell death of human neuroglioma cells. | reactive oxygen species (ros) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide range of acute and long-term neurodegenerative diseases. this study was undertaken to examine the efficacy of pogostemon cablin, a well-known herb in korean traditional medicine, on ros-induced brain cell injury. pogostemon cablin effectively protected human neuroglioma cell line a172 against both the necrotic and apoptotic cell death induced by hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)). the effect of pogostemon cablin was dose ... | 2010 | 18955302 |
| [textual research on history of introduction [corrected] and herbal medicine of pogostemon cablin]. | to study the history of introduction and herbal medicine of pogostemon cablin by textual researches and clarify the confusion in literatures. | 2007 | 18306740 |
| [correlation between its genotype and geographical distribution of pogostemon cablin]. | to investigate the correlation between genotype and distribution of pogostemon cablin by sequencing its1 and its2 genes, and provide molecular information for its germplasm evaluation, its1 and its2 genes of pogostemon cablin from different localities were identified by pcr direct sequencing. the sequences of its1 and its2 genes were 424 bp and 380 bp in length, respectively. and nineteen base substitutions were observed in its1 gene, and five in its2 gene. the results showed a good correlation ... | 2007 | 17520815 |
| [evaluation of promoting effect of several transdermal enhancers with fuzzy matter-element model]. | to investigate the utilization of fuzzy matter - element model in evaluating the promoting effects of transdermal enhancers. | 2009 | 20069900 |
| alpha-bulnesene, a paf inhibitor isolated from the essential oil of pogostemon cablin. | steam distilled essential oil from the aerial parts of pogostemon cablin was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms). forty one compounds were identified of which alpha-guaiene (20.62%) and alpha-bulnesene (16.18%) were major constituents. furthermore, fractionation of the essential oil from p. cablin guided by inhibitory activity against paf-induced platelet aggregation led to the isolation of the sesquiterpene, alpha-bulnesene. | 2007 | 17107759 |
| [study on intraspecific genetic diversity in different plant populations of pogostemon cabli]. | to study the genetic polymorphism and intraspecific genetic differentiation of different populations of pogostemon cablin, and find out the effective method to distinguish dna fingerprint of different populations of p. cablin. | 2006 | 17048675 |
| alpha-bulnesene, a novel paf receptor antagonist isolated from pogostemon cablin. | alpha-bulnesene is a sesquiterpenoid isolated from the water extract of pogostemon cablin. it showed a potent and concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on platelet-activating factor (paf) and arachidonic acid (aa) induced rabbit platelet aggregation. in a radioligand binding assay for the paf receptor, alpha-bulnesene competitively inhibited [(3)h]paf binding to the paf receptor with an ic(50) value of 17.62+/-5.68microm. alpha-bulnesene also dose-dependently inhibited paf-induced intracellu ... | 2006 | 16712790 |
| [the effects of inhalation of essential oils on the body weight, food efficiency rate and serum leptin of growing sd rats]. | this experimental study was designed to verify the effect of inhalation of essential oils on body weight, feed intake, food efficiency rate and serum leptin. | 2006 | 16691041 |
| [determination of organochlorine pesticide residue in nine chinese herbs by gas chromatography]. | to determine organochlorine pesticide residue in 9 chinese herbs. | 2006 | 16495190 |
| gc-ms fingerprint of pogostemon cablin in china. | pogostemon cablin, originating in malaysia and india, is cultivated in southern china including guangdong and hainan province, which was called guanghuoxiang to differentiate it from the huoxiang of the north, the species agastache rugosa, that it resembles. essential oil of p. cablin mainly contributes to the pharmacological activities and the therapeutic properties of the essential oils are directly correlated with their qualitative and quantitative composition. for controlling the quality, st ... | 2006 | 16242880 |
| insecticidal activity of some essential oils against larvae of spodoptera littoralis. | thirty-four essential oils were tested for insecticidal activity (fumigation or topical application) against larvae spodoptera littoralis. twenty essential oils applied by fumigation were highly toxic to the third instar of s. littoralis larvae. two essential oils nepeta cataria and thuja occidentalis were highly toxic, with lc50< or =10.0 ml/m3. five essential oils salvia sclarea, thymus mastichina, origanum majorana, pogostemon cablin and mentha pulegium were toxic with lc50 between 10.1 and 2 ... | 2005 | 16236461 |
| [pharmacokinetics of patchouli alcohol and patchouli alcohol in patchouli oil after iv administrated to rats]. | to develop a capillary gas chromatographic method for the determination and pharmacokinetic study of patchouli alcohol in rat plasma after iv administration. | 2004 | 15606023 |
| new sesquiterpene hydroperoxides with trypanocidal activity from pogostemon cablin. | trypanocidal constituents of pogostemon cablin were investigated. activity guided isolation of the acetone extract resulted in isolation of three new sesquiterpene hydroperoxides 1-3, together with a known sesquiterpene, patchouli alcohol (4). in vitro minimum lethal concentrations of the hydroperoxides 1-3 against epimastigotes of trypanosoma cruzi were 0.84 microm (1), 1.7 microm (2) and 1.7 microm (3). the activity of the corresponding alcohols and patchouli alcohol was very weak (mlc>200 mic ... | 2004 | 15577255 |
| the effect of essential oils on methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus using a dressing model. | patchouli, tea tree, geranium, lavender essential oils and citricidal (grapefruit seed extract) were used singly and in combination to assess their anti-bacterial activity against three strains of staphylococcus aureus: oxford s. aureus nctc 6571 (oxford strain), epidemic methicillin-resistant s. aureus (emrsa 15) and mrsa (untypable). the individual essential oils, extracts and combinations were impregnated into filter paper discs and placed on the surface of agar plates, pre-seeded with the ap ... | 2004 | 15555788 |
| experimental study on anti-inflammatory activity of a tcm recipe consisting of the supercritical fluid co(2) extract of chrysanthemum indicum, patchouli oil and zedoary turmeric oil in vivo. | ethnopharmacological relevance: chrysanthemum indicum (compositae) linné, pogostemon cablin (blanco) benth and curcuma wenyujin (zingiberaceae) y. h. chen et c. ling are three of the extensively used herbal remedies among traditional chinese medicines for the purpose of anti-inflammation. a traditional chinese medicine (tcm) recipe named cpz consisting extracts of the above three herbs, has shown noteworthy anti-influenza activity, which is closely related to its anti-inflammatory feature. aim o ... | 2011 | 21920423 |
| anti-aspergillus activities of plant essential oils and their combination effects with ketoconazole or amphotericin b. | the essential oils from cedrus atlantica, styrax tonkinensis, juniperus communis, lavandula angustifolia, melaleuca alternifolia, pelargonium graveolens, pogesternon patchouli and rosmarinus officinalis were analyzed by gc-ms. antifungal activities of the oils were investigated by disk diffusion assay and the broth dilution method against aspergillus niger and a. flavus. the effects of geraniol and the essential oil fraction from p. graveolens on the antifungal activity of amphotericin b and ket ... | 2003 | 12785735 |
| [the observation and comparison of pogostemon cablin from different habitats]. | the present work is concerned the observation and comparison among 4 kinds of pogostemon cablin (blanco.) benth. from different habitats by some methods, such as descriptions identification, microscopical identification and scanning electron microscopy. the results provide scientific basis for recognition and distinction of pogostemon cablin varieties. | 2002 | 12599754 |
| [study on morphological and histological identification of herba pogostemonis]. | to identify two types of pogostemon cablin (guang huoxiang), shipai huoxiang and hainan huoxiang. | 2002 | 12583158 |
| [gc-ms analysis of volatile oil of herba pogostemonis collected from gaoyao county]. | the chemical constituents of the volatile oil of the stems and leaves of pogostemon cablin collected from gaoyao county, guangdong province, have been studied by means of gc-ms. sixty four compounds have been identified. the main constituents are pogostone (30.99% in stems, 21.31% in leaves, the same below), patchouli alcohol (10.26%, 37.53%), transcaryophyllene (4.92%, 6.75%), alpha-guaiene (2.27%, 6.18%) and seychellene (1.56%, 1.99%), etc. | 1999 | 12575058 |
| production of patchouli mild mosaic virus resistant patchouli plants by genetic engineering of coat protein precursor gene. | patchouli (pogostemon cablin (blanco) benth), an aromatic crop which yields an essential oil, is widely cultivated in south-east asia. patchouli mild mosaic virus (pammv) infects patchouli plants and causes decrease in leaf biomass and essential oil yield. transgenic patchouli plants with pammv coat protein precursor (cp-p) gene have been produced by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. pammv cp-p gene integration into the patchouli genome was confirmed by the pcr method and by southern blot a ... | 2002 | 12449533 |
| antimutagenic activity of flavonoids from pogostemon cablin. | a methanol extract from pogostemon cablin showed a suppressive effect on umu gene expression of sos response in salmonella typhimurium ta1535/psk1002 against the mutagen 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide (furylfuramide). the methanol extract was re-extracted with hexane, dichloromethane, butanol, and water. a dichloromethane fraction showed a suppressive effect. suppressive compounds against furylfuramide in the dichloromethane fraction were isolated by sio(2) column chromatography and i ... | 2000 | 10725128 |
| anti-emetic principles of pogostemon cablin (blanco) benth. | bioassay-guided fractionation of anti-emetic extracts and constituents of 8 traditional chinese herbal drugs was performed. twenty extracts described in table 1 showed anti-emetic activity on copper sulfate induced-emesis in young chicks. from the n-hexane extract of pogostemon cablin, patchouli alcohol (1), pogostol (2), stigmast-4-en-3-one (3), retusin (4), and pachypodol (5) were tested and exhibited anti-emetic effects. | 1999 | 10374246 |
| antibacterial and antifungal activity of ten essential oils in vitro. | the essential oils of aegle, ageratum, citronella, eucalyptus, geranium, lemongrass, orange, palmarosa, patchouli and peppermint, were tested for antibacterial activity against 22 bacteria, including gram-positive cocci and rods and gram-negative rods, and twelve fungi (3 yeast-like and 9 filamentous) by the disc diffusion method. lemongrass, eucalyptus, peppermint and orange oils were effective against all the 22 bacterial strains. aegle and palmarosa oils inhibited 21 bacteria; patchouli and a ... | 1996 | 8893526 |
| the screening of chinese crude drugs for ca2+ antagonist activity: identification of active principles from the aerial part of pogostemon cablin and the fruits of prunus mume. | hot aqueous extracts of 134 chinese crude drugs were subjected to screening for inhibitory activity on k+ contracture of guinea pig taenia coli, and significant activity was observed in 17 crude drugs. chemical investigations of two crude drugs, kakko and ubai, which originate from pogostemon cablin and prunus mume, respectively, were undertaken, and patchouli alcohol (i) and 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde (ii) were identified as their active principles, respectively. | 1989 | 2743480 |
| laboratory evaluation of products to reduce settling of sweetpotato whitefly adults. | the impact of trademarked and commercial products on settling of adults of the sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci (gennadius), was studied in the laboratory. a no-choice bioassay using leaf disks of tomato, solanum esculentum l., was developed to evaluate the impact of concentration series of products on settling of b. tabaci adults. the concentration of each product that would reduce settling by 50% (sc50) was estimated for each product using standard probit analyses, and the values were comp ... | 2009 | 19736760 |
| synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of pogostone and its analogues. | pogostone (po) is one of the secondary metabolites from pogostemon cablin (blanco) benth. (lamiaceae), serving as the effective component of the antimicrobial activity. in this study, po and a series of its analogues were synthesized by the reaction of dehydroacetate and aldehydes in tetrahydrofuran under a nitrogen atmosphere. their activities against candida albicans, gram positive bacteria and gram negative bacteria were evaluated. the antifungal results demonstrated that po (mic ranged from ... | 2013 | 23160088 |
| [effect of atractylodes rhizome oil and other volatile oils on percutaneous absorption of baicalin]. | to study the effects of atractylodes rhizome oil, patchouli oil, angelica volatile oil on the transdermal delivery of baicalin. | 2008 | 19260290 |
| convenient tlc-based identification test for the crude drug "pogostemoni herba". | tlc and hplc were used to identify possible chemical markers for evaluating the quality of the crude drug "pogostemoni herba" (aerial part of pogostemon cablin), which is a component of kampo medicines. in addition to the reported patchouli alcohol and 2-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-(4-methylpentanoyl)-4-pyrone, three phenylethanoids were isolated from this plant material for the first time: acteoside, isoacteoside, and crenatoside. the usefulness of these compounds as indicators of the crude commercial d ... | 2008 | 19043303 |
| [protective effect of pogostemon cablin on membrane fluidity of intestinal epithelia cell in ischemia/ reperfusion rats after ischemia/reperfusion]. | to observe the effects of pogostemon cablin (blanco) benth. (pcb), a chinese aromatic herbal medicine, on serum levels of nitric oxide (no), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha), and membrane fluidity of intestinal epithelial cells (imc) in rats undergoing lower limbs ischemic reperfusion (i/r), for exploring its action in protecting intestinal barrier and the possible mechanisms, and to seek a new way, viewing from chinese medicine, for providing the experimental bases of gastrointestinal pr ... | 2009 | 19852300 |
| comparison of the insecticidal characteristics of commercially available plant essential oils against aedes aegypti and anopheles gambiae (diptera: culicidae). | aedes aegypti and anopheles gambiae are two mosquito species that represent significant threats to global public health as vectors of dengue virus and malaria parasites, respectively. although mosquito populations have been effectively controlled through the use of synthetic insecticides, the emergence of widespread insecticide-resistance in wild mosquito populations is a strong motivation to explore new insecticidal chemistries. for these studies, ae. aegypti and an. gambiae were treated with c ... | 2015 | 26336230 |
| analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the methanol extract from pogostemon cablin. | pogostemon cablin (pc) is a herbal medicine traditionally applied to treat not only common cold, nausea and diarrhea but also headache and fever. the aim of this study was to investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of standardized pc methanol extract (pcmeoh) in vivo. investigations were performed in mice with two analgesic models. one was acetic acid-induced writhing response and the other formalin-induced paw licking. the anti-inflammatory effect was tested by lambda-carrage ... | 2009 | 19933324 |
| acaricidal activities of traditional chinese medicine against the house dust mite, dermatophagoides farinae. | this paper assessed the potential of traditional chinese medicine (tcm) preparations for using as environmentally acceptable and alternative commercial acaricides. | 2010 | 20109248 |
| evaluation of the toxicity of 17 essential oils against choristoneura rosaceana (lepidoptera: tortricidae) and trichoplusia ni (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | the obliquebanded leafroller, choristoneura rosaceana harris, and the cabbage looper, trichoplusia ni hübner, are serious fruit and vegetable pests requiring multiple insecticide applications per year. to reduce non-target exposure to hazardous insecticides and to curb resistance development, alternative controls are required. accordingly, a selection of 17 essential oils was screened against both lepidopteran pests, and the influence of azinphos-methyl resistance on essential oil toxicity to c. ... | 2010 | 20628993 |
| repellency to stomoxys calcitrans (diptera: muscidae) of plant essential oils alone or in combination with calophyllum inophyllum nut oil. | the repellency to female stomoxys calcitrans (l.) (diptera: muscidae) of 21 essential oils (eos) alone or in combination with calophyllum inophyllum l. (clusiaceae) nut oil (tamanu oil) was examined using an exposed human hand bioassay. results were compared with those of commonly used repellent n,n-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet). in tests with six human male volunteers at a dose of 0.5 mg/cm2, patchouli (protection time [pt], 3.67 h) was the most effective eo but less active than deet (4.47 h ... | 2010 | 20695272 |
| diversion of flux toward sesquiterpene production in saccharomyces cerevisiae by fusion of host and heterologous enzymes. | the ability to transfer metabolic pathways from the natural producer organisms to the well-characterized cell factory saccharomyces cerevisiae is well documented. however, as many secondary metabolites are produced by collaborating enzymes assembled in complexes, metabolite production in yeast may be limited by the inability of the heterologous enzymes to collaborate with the native yeast enzymes. this may cause loss of intermediates by diffusion or degradation or due to conversion of the interm ... | 2010 | 21148687 |
| sedative effects of vapor inhalation of the essential oil of microtoena patchoulii and its related compounds. | microtoena patchoulii (labiatae) is a perennial herb that grows in southern china. in the present study, the sedative activity of the essential oil of the leaves was evaluated using mice when the volatile oil was administered by inhalation. the inhalation of the oil by mice significantly reduced the spontaneous motor activity. fractionation of the oil revealed that the main constituents in the oil were 1-octen-3-ol, terpinolene, patchouli alcohol, and methyl salicylate. each 1-octen-3-ol, terpin ... | 2011 | 21287406 |
| antidepressant effect of valeriana wallichii patchouli alcohol chemotype in mice: behavioural and biochemical evidence. | valeriana wallichii dc, an ayurvedic traditional medicine has now been shown to exist chemically as three distinct chemotypes. the study aimed to investigate the antidepressant effect of dichloromethane extract of valeriana wallichii patchouli alcohol chemotype. | 2011 | 21354297 |
| patchouli alcohol: in vitro direct anti-influenza virus sesquiterpene in pogostemon cablin benth. | during the screening of anti-influenza virus substances from traditional herbal medicines, the methanol extract from the leaves of pogostemon cablin benth. showed potent in vitro antiviral activity (99.8% inhibition at a concentration of 10 μg/ml) against influenza virus a/pr/8/34 (h1n1). the anti-influenza virus principle was isolated from the hexane-soluble fraction, through solvent fractionation, repeated silica gel column chromatography, and reversed-phase hplc. the major active principle ... | 2011 | 21671149 |
| inhibitory effect and possible mechanism of action of patchouli alcohol against influenza a (h2n2) virus. | in the present study, the anti-influenza a (h2n2) virus activity of patchouli alcohol was studied in vitro, in vivo and in silico. the cc(50) of patchouli alcohol was above 20 µm. patchouli alcohol could inhibit influenza virus with an ic(50) of 4.03 ± 0.23 µm. mtt assay showed that the inhibition by patchouli alcohol appears strongly after penetration of the virus into the cell. in the influenza mouse model, patchouli alcohol showed obvious protection against the viral infection at a dose of 5 ... | 2011 | 21814161 |
| involvement of nitric oxide (no) signalling pathway in the antidepressant activity of essential oil of valeriana wallichii patchouli alcohol chemotype. | valeriana wallichii dc (valerianaceae), popularly named as indian valerian has been shown to exist as three chemotypes. the present study evaluated the antidepressant like effect of root essential oil of valeriana wallichii patchouli alcohol chemotype in both acute and chronic treatment study using forced swim test (fst). mice (n=6 per group) received 10, 20 and 40mg/kg p.o. doses of test drug. single administration of oil significantly inhibited the immobility period (57.6% and 46.9%) at doses ... | 2011 | 21795033 |
| Anti-inflammatory activity of patchouli alcohol isolated from Pogostemonis Herba in animal models. | Pogostemonis Herba has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. Patchouli alcohol (PA), a tricyclic sesquiterpene isolated from Pogostemonis Herba, is known to possess a variety of pharmacological activities. The present study aimed to investigate the in vivo anti-inflammatory effect of PA using two common inflammatory animal models i.e., xylene-induced ear edema in mice and carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. The degree of edema in both infl ... | 2011 | 21958968 |
| oral administration of patchouli alcohol isolated from pogostemonis herba augments protection against influenza viral infection in mice. | seasonal influenza a infection results in considerable morbidity and mortality. the limited efficacy of available therapeutic strategies stresses the need for development and study of new molecules against influenza virus (ifv). patchouli alcohol (pa), the major chemical constituent of pogostemonis herba, was previously found to strongly inhibit influenza h1n1 replication in vitro. in the present study, the in vivo anti-ifv effect of pa was investigated. in a mouse model infected with lethal lev ... | 2011 | 22193241 |
| evaluation of the effects of plant-derived essential oils on central nervous system function using discrete shuttle-type conditioned avoidance response in mice. | although plant-derived essential oils (eos) have been used to treat various mental disorders, their central nervous system (cns) acting effects have not been clarified. the present study compared the effects of 20 kinds of eos with the effects of already-known cns acting drugs to examine whether the eos exhibited cns stimulant-like effects, cns depressant-like effects, or neither. all agents were tested using a discrete shuttle-type conditioned avoidance task in mice. essential oils of peppermin ... | 2011 | 22086772 |
| subconscious olfactory influences of stimulant and relaxant odors on immune function. | brain and immune system are linked by bidirectional pathways so that changes of the central nervous system may influence various immune functions. the olfactory system may be involved in this interaction. in most odor studies subjects are aware of an odor exposure, using frequently high odor concentrations or long-term exposures without controls. in this pilot study, the potential immune effects of short-term odor exposure were examined in 32 blinded subjects (16 male, 16 female). subjects were ... | 2011 | 22159968 |
| antimicrobial and herbal drug resistance in enteric bacteria isolated from faecal droppings of common house lizard/gecko (hemidactylus frenatus). | from 194 faecal dropping samples of common house geckos collected from offices (60), houses (88), integrated farm units (ifs,18) and hostels, guest houses, and dining rooms of different canteen/mess (hgm, 28), 326 bacterial isolates of enteric bacteria belonging to 17 genera and 34 species were detected. escherichia coli were the most frequently (39) isolated followed by citrobacter freundii (33), klebsiella pneumonia (27), salmonella indica (12), enterobacter gergoviae (12), and ent. agglomeran ... | 2013 | 24223595 |
| chemical composition, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activities against aedes aegypti of essential oils from piper marginatum jacq. (piperaceae). | the essential oils of leaves, stems and inflorescences of piper marginatum, harvested in the atlantic forest in the state of pernambuco, brazil, were obtained by hydrodistillation. gc and gc-ms analyses revealed the presence of 40 components accounting, respectively, for 99.6%, 99.7% and 99.1% of the leaf, stem and inflorescence oil, the most abundant being (z)- or (e)-asarone and patchouli alcohol. the essential oil of the inflorescences exhibited potent activity against the 4th instar of aedes ... | 2009 | 19070480 |
| insecticidal activity of valeriana jatamansi (valerianaceae) against mosquitoes. | a root extract of valeriana jatamansi (code bal-o) exhibited larvicidal and adulticidal activity against different mosquito species. the median lethal concentration (lc50) of bal-o against larvae of anopheles stephensi, anopheles culicifacies, aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, and culex quinquefasciatus were 68.1, 42.8, 51.2, 53.8, and 80.6 mg/liter, respectively. the lc50 and the 90% lethal concentration against adult an. stephensi, an. culicifacies, ae. aegypti, ae. albopictus, and cx. quinquef ... | 2008 | 18666542 |
| agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of pogostemon cablin (blanco) benth. using leaf explants: bactericidal effect of leaf extracts and counteracting strategies. | an optimized protocol for agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of patchouli using leaf disk explants is reported. in vitro antibacterial activity of leaf extracts of the plants revealed agrobacterium sensitivity to the extracts. fluorometric assay of bacterial cell viability indicated dose-dependent cytotoxic activity of callus extract against agrobacterium cells. addition of 0.1% tween 20 and 2 g/l l-glutamine to agrobacterium infection medium counteracted the bactericidal effect a ... | 2012 | 22434351 |
| antifungal effect of allium tuberosum, cinnamomum cassia, and pogostemon cablin essential oils and their components against population of aspergillus species. | antifungal activity of allium tuberosum (at), cinnamomum cassia (cc), and pogostemon cablin (patchouli, p) essential oils against aspergillus flavus strains 3.2758 and 3.4408 and aspergillus oryzae was tested at 2 water activity levels (aw : 0.95 and 0.98). main components of tested essential oils were: allyl trisulfide 40.05% (at), cinnamaldehyde 87.23% (cc), and patchouli alcohol 44.52% (p). the minimal inhibitory concentration of the plant essential oils against a. flavus strains 3.2758 and 3 ... | 2013 | 23647469 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of selected medicinal plants traditionally used in vietnam against human pathogenic bacteria. | medicinal plants are widely used for the treatment of different infectious diseases. infectious diseases caused by bacteria have a large impact on public health. this study aimed to determine the in vitro antibacterial activity of the medicinal plants traditionally used in vietnam against the bacterial strains associated with infectious diseases. | 2016 | 26819218 |
| simultaneous decolorization of sulfonated azo dyes and reduction of hexavalent chromium under high salt condition by a newly isolated salt-tolerant strain bacillus circulans bwl1061. | the co-existence of dyes, cr(vi) and high concentration of salt in dyeing wastewater causes serious and complex environmental problems. in this study, a salt-tolerant strain bacillus circulans bwl1061 was reported to simultaneously remove 50mg/l methyl orange and 50mg/l cr(vi) under the anaerobic condition with 60g/l nacl. during the decolorization process, the cr(vi) reduction occurred preferentially over the dye decolorization due to the dominate utilization of electron by cr(vi). the analysis ... | 2017 | 28284151 |
| a new antibacterial octaketide and cytotoxic phenylethanoid glycosides from pogostemon cablin (blanco) benth. | a new octaketide, named cytosporone v (1), and two other known phenylethanoid glycosides (2-3), were isolated from the aerial parts of pogostemon cablin (blanco) benth. the structure of 1 was elucidated by a combination of extensive spectroscopic analyses, including extensive 2d nmr and hr-ms. compounds 1-3 displayed weak antibacterial activity against two gram-positive bacteria, bacillus subtilis and staphylococcus aureus. all isolates were also evaluated for their antiproliferative activities ... | 2015 | 25981688 |
| [diagnostic workup of fragrance allergy]. | the diagnostic workup of contact allergy to fragrances must not be limited to patch testing with the two well-established fragrance mixes. false-positive reactions to these mixes occur in up to 50 % of the patch tested patients. for the diagnostic work-up of positive reactions, and in cases of suspected fragrance allergy, patch testing with the single mix components and additional fragrances is mandatory. frequently sensitizing fragrance materials are the 14 components of the two fragrance mixes ... | 2015 | 26253114 |
| "singing in the tube"--audiovisual assay of plant oil repellent activity against mosquitoes (culex pipiens). | plant essential oils have been suggested as a promising alternative to the established mosquito repellent deet (n,n-diethyl-meta-toluamide). searching for an assay with generally available equipment, we designed a new audiovisual assay of repellent activity against mosquitoes "singing in the tube," testing single mosquitoes in drosophila cultivation tubes. statistics with regression analysis should compensate for limitations of simple hardware. the assay was established with female culex pipiens ... | 2016 | 26412058 |
| anti-candida albicans activity and pharmacokinetics of pogostone isolated from pogostemonis herba. | the present work was designed to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo anti-candida activity of pogostone (po), a natural product isolated from pogostemon cablin (blanco) benth. po showed potent in vitro activity against clinical candida spp. isolates tested in this study. po and the reference drug voriconazole (vrc) were equally effective against all the fluconazole-resistant candida albicans strains, with mic ranging from 3.1 μg/ml to 50 μg/ml. besides, po was fungicidal against all candida isolat ... | 2012 | 23159370 |
| antifungal activity in plants from chinese traditional and folk medicine. | from over 100 chinese clinical trial publications, we retrieved 22 commercial preparations and 17 clinical prescriptions used as traditional chinese medicine (tcm) for treating mycotic vaginitis, typically caused by candida albicans. the 8 most frequently used plants as well as another 7 tcm and 18 folk medicinal plants used in the south of china for antifungal therapy were investigated for in vitro antifungal activity. | 2012 | 22867635 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity of pogostone. | our pervious antibacterial studies on several traditional chinese medicines have found that patchouli oil from pogostemon cablin had significant antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), which has spread worldwide and infected innumerable people. in order to find the more active natural substances in patchouli oil, one of the major components, pogostone, was isolated and its antibacterial activity was evaluated in vitro and in vivo in this study. | 2014 | 25430439 |
| expression, purification and activity assay of a patchoulol synthase cdna variant fused to thioredoxin in escherichia coli. | probing a cdna library extracted from pogostemon cablin (indian patchouli) with gene specific primers, a variant of patchoulol synthase pts (genbank acc. no.: ay508730) was amplified, cloned, and sequenced. the amino acid sequence deduced from the cloned cdna exhibited a sequence variation of 3.4% compared to the annotated sequence. the enzyme variant tended to form inclusion bodies when expressed in escherichia coli. the coding sequence was fused to the t7-tag, his-tag and to thioredoxin. const ... | 2014 | 24576659 |
| study on the grafting of chitosan-gelatin microcapsules onto cotton fabrics and its antibacterial effect. | in this work, patchouli oil embedded chitosan-gelatin microcapsules were prepared by the complex coacervation method. their surface and morphology were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (sem), showing that the microcapsules were with a regular spherical shape in the range of 1 and 20 μm. in the thermal stability analysis, the microcapsules were stable below 190°c, which indicated the fabrics finish can be conducted at 160°c. the encapsulation efficiency (ee) and loading capacity (lc) ... | 2013 | 23624277 |
| immunologic mechanism of patchouli alcohol anti-h1n1 influenza virus may through regulation of the rlh signal pathway in vitro. | patchouli alcohol (pa) is a kind of methanol extracted from traditional chinese medicine pogostemonis herba. our research aimed to observe the anti-influenza virus role of pa in vitro. 16hbe (human respiratory epithelial cell) was infected by h1n1 (a/fm1/1/47) to set the cell model. then the 16hbe was co-cultivated with three kinds of immune cells: dendritic cells, macrophages, and monocytes, pa (the concentration is 10 μg/ml) was added as a treatment intervention for 24 h. the immune cells and ... | 2013 | 23680974 |
| (-)-patchouli alcohol protects against helicobacter pylori urease-induced apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammatory response in human gastric epithelial cells. | (-)-patchouli alcohol (pa), the major active principle of pogostemonis herba, has been reported to have anti-helicobacter pylori and gastroprotective effects. in the present work, we aimed to investigate the possible protective effect of pa on h. pylori urease (hpu)-injured human gastric epithelial cells (ges-1) and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action. results showed that pre-treatment with pa (5.0, 10.0, 20.0μm) was able to remarkably ameliorate the cytotoxicity induced by 17.0u/mg ... | 2016 | 27017292 |
| polyphenolic glycosides isolated from pogostemon cablin (blanco) benth. as novel influenza neuraminidase inhibitors. | influenza is historically an ancient disease that causes annual epidemics and, at irregular intervals, pandemics. at present, the first-line drugs (oseltamivir and zanamivir) don't seem to be optimistic due to the spontaneously arising and spreading of oseltamivir resistance among influenza virus. pogostemon cablin (blanco) benth. (p. cablin) is an important traditional chinese medicine herb that has been widely used for treatment on common cold, nausea and fever. in our previous study, we have ... | 2016 | 27516808 |
| efficiency of vanilla, patchouli and ylang ylang essential oils stabilized by iron oxide@c14 nanostructures against bacterial adherence and biofilms formed by staphylococcus aureus and klebsiella pneumoniae clinical strains. | biofilms formed by bacterial cells are associated with drastically enhanced resistance against most antimicrobial agents, contributing to the persistence and chronicization of the microbial infections and to therapy failure. the purpose of this study was to combine the unique properties of magnetic nanoparticles with the antimicrobial activity of three essential oils to obtain novel nanobiosystems that could be used as coatings for catheter pieces with an improved resistance to staphylococcus au ... | 2014 | 25375335 |
| influence of root-knot nematode infestation on antioxidant enzymes, chlorophyll content and growth in pogostemon cablin (blanco) benth. | plants adapt themselves to overcome adverse environmental conditions, and this involves a plethora of concurrent cellular activities. physiological experiments or metabolic profiling can quantify this response. among several diseases of pogostemon cablin (blanco) benth. (patchouli), root-knot nematode infection caused by meloidogyne incognita (kofoid and white) chitwood causes severe damage to the plant and hence, the oil production. in the present study, we identified m. incognita morphological ... | 2016 | 27295922 |
| technology for efficient and successful delivery of vermicompost colonized bioinoculants in pogostemon cablin (patchouli) benth. | the usefulness of vermicompost as a supporting media for growth of bioinoculants was evaluated for successful transfer of sufficient propagules of bioinoculants into the organic fields. the rooted plants after 50 days were pot and field tested for their growth and yield performances when transplanted along with rooting medium into pots/organic fields. the rooting medium, 50 days of inoculation, contained sufficient population of bioinoculants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi. treatment with ... | 2012 | 22806808 |
| in vivo validation of in silico predicted metabolic engineering strategies in yeast: disruption of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and expression of atp-citrate lyase for terpenoid production. | engineering of the central carbon metabolism of saccharomyces cerevisiae to redirect metabolic flux towards cytosolic acetyl-coa has become a central topic in yeast biotechnology. a cell factory with increased flux into acetyl-coa can be used for heterologous production of terpenoids for pharmaceuticals, biofuels, fragrances, or other acetyl-coa derived compounds. in a previous study, we identified promising metabolic engineering targets in s. cerevisiae using an in silico stoichiometric metabol ... | 2015 | 26701782 |
| screening of some essential oils against trichosporon species. | white piedra is a superficial mycoses characterized by nodules on the hair shaft, caused by the basidiomycetous yeast trichosporon species. in this study 25 essential oils were extracted and screened against two trichosporon species i.e. trichosporon asahii and trichosporon cutaneum. both these fungi procured from mtcc chandigarh were maintained on yeast malt agar plates and tubes at 25 degrees c. two screening methods viz., agar well diffusion assay and minimum inhibitory concentration were ado ... | 2013 | 24006802 |
| antimicrobial activity of essential oils against staphylococcus aureus biofilms. | the present study was aimed to evaluate the potential of essential oils to remove the foodborne pathogen staphylococcus aureus from food-processing facilities. the effectiveness of 19 essential oils against planktonic cells of s. aureus was firstly assessed by minimal inhibitory concentration. planktonic cells showed a wide variability in resistance to essential oils, with thyme oil as the most effective, followed by lemongrass oil and then vetiver oil. the eight essential oils most effective ag ... | 2015 | 25280938 |
| serological and molecular studies of a novel virus isolate causing yellow mosaic of patchouli [pogostemon cablin (blanco) benth]. | here we have identified and characterized a devastating virus capable of inducing yellow mosaic on the leaves of patchouli [pogostemon cablin (blanco) benth]. the diagnostic tools used were host range, transmission studies, cytopathology, electron microscopy, serology and partial coat protein (cp) gene sequencing. evidence from biological, serological and sequence data suggested that the causal virus belonged to genus potyvirus, family potyviridae. the isolate, designated as patchouli yellow mos ... | 2013 | 24386278 |
| [dna sequencing and molecular identification of patchouli and its substitute wrinkled gianthyssop]. | to analyze sequences of the nuclear ribosomal rna small subunit (18s rrna) gene and the chloroplast matk gene of crude drug patchouli (pogostemon cablin) in order to provide molecular evidence for identification of patchouli drug. | 2002 | 12567903 |
| progressive regulation of sesquiterpene biosynthesis in arabidopsis and patchouli (pogostemon cablin) by the mir156-targeted spl transcription factors. | plant metabolites vary at different stages of their life cycle. although it is well documented that environmental factors stimulate biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, the regulation by endogenous developmental cues remains poorly understood. the microrna156 (mir156)-targeted squamosa promoter binding protein-like (spl) factors function as a major age cue in regulating developmental phase transition and flowering. we show here that the mir156-targeted spl transcription factor plays an importa ... | 2015 | 25578275 |
| evaluation of contact toxicity and repellency of the essential oil of pogostemon cablin leaves and its constituents against blattella germanica (blattodae: blattelidae). | the aim of this research was to evaluate contact toxicity and repellency of the essential oil of pogostemon cablin (blanco) bentham leaves against german cockroaches (blattella germanica) (l.) and to isolate any active constituents. essential oil of p. cablin leaves was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (gc) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms). twenty-three components were identified in the essential oil, and the main constituents were patchoulol (41.3 ... | 2015 | 26336284 |
| evaluation of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of some philippine medicinal plants. | the genotoxicity and toxicity of ethnomedicinal philippine plants, which include cassia fistula, derris elliptica, ficus elastica, gliciridia sepium, michelia alba, morus alba, pogostemon cablin and ricinus communis, were tested using the vitotox assay. the plants are used traditionally to treat several disorders like diabetes, weakness, menorrhagia, headache, toothache and rheumatism. the dried leaves were homogenized for overnight soaking in methanol at room temperature. the resulting alcoholi ... | 2011 | 21716927 |
| antimicrobial constituents and effects of blended eucalyptus, rosemary, patchouli, pine, and cajuput essential oils. | the synergistic antimicrobial activities of blended essential oil preparations composed of eucalyptus, rosemary, patchouli, pine and cajuput oils were evaluated against various pathogenic microorganisms. they exhibited antimicrobial activity in the agar disc diffusion assay against the gram-positive bacteria, staphylococcus aureus and s. epidenidis, the gram-negative bacteria, escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the yeast, candida albicans. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) ... | 2016 | 27032218 |
| [multidimensional separations used in pharmaceutical and biological fields]. | a review of multidimensional separations such as comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (gc x gc), comprehensive two-dimensional high performance liquid chromatography (hplc x hplc) and their applications in pharmaceutical and biological fields is presented with 71 references. a single co2 cryo-jet loop modulator was developed for gc x gc and it can be used to modulate compounds higher than c6 effectively. comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometr ... | 2005 | 15881363 |
| molecular characterization of patchouli (pogostemon spp) germplasm. | patchouli [pogostemon cablin (blanco) benth.] is an aromatic, herbaceous plant belonging to the lamiaceae family native to southeast asia. its leaves produce an essential oil regularly used by the perfume and cosmetics industries. however, since patchouli from the philippines and india were described and named pogostemon patchouli, there has been a divergence in the identity of these species. the objective of the current study was to study the genetic diversity of patchouli accessions in the act ... | 2016 | 26909987 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of patchouli alcohol, a natural-occurring tricyclic sesquiterpene against helicobacter pylori infection. | this study further evaluated the in vitro and in vivo anti-helicobacter pylori activity and potential underlying mechanism of patchouli alcohol (pa), a tricyclic sesquiterpene. in in vitro assay, the capacities of pa to inhibit and kill h. pylori were tested on three standard strains at different ph values and 12 clinical isolates. the effects of pa on h. pylori adhesion (and its alpa, alpb and baba genes), motility (and its flaa and flab genes), ultrastructure and flagellation were investigated ... | 2017 | 28320722 |
| selective antibacterial activity of patchouli alcohol against helicobacter pylori based on inhibition of urease. | the aim of this study is to evaluate the antibacterial activity and urease inhibitory effects of patchouli alcohol (pa), the bioactive ingredient isolated from pogostemonis herba, which has been widely used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. the activities of pa against selected bacteria and fungi were determined by agar dilution method. it was demonstrated that pa exhibited selective antibacterial activity against helicobacter pylori, without influencing the major normal gastroint ... | 2015 | 25243578 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity of patchouli alcohol from pogostemon cablin. | to investigate the antibacterial activity of patchouli alcohol (pa) against 127 bacteria strains, including the common bacteria and drug-resistant bacteria strains both in the in vitro and in vivo tests. | 2016 | 27080999 |
| progressive regulation of sesquiterpene biosynthesis in arabidopsis and patchouli (pogostemon cablin) by the mir156-targeted spl transcription factors. | plant metabolites vary at different stages of life cycle. although it is well documented that environmental factors stimulate biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, the regulation by endogenous developmental cues remains poorly understood. the microrna156 (mir156)-tageted squamosa promoter binding protein-like (spl) factors function as a major age cue in regulating developmental phase transition and flowering. we show here that the mir156-targeted spl transcription factor plays an important role ... | 2014 | 25355059 |
| [diagnosis and integrative evaluation on soil fertility of three chinese medicinal materials in gap plots]. | the fertility of soil was diagnosed and integratively evaluated by modified nemoro index with eight indexes, i.e. ph, organic matter, total n, p, k and available n, p, k on three national chinese medicinal materials gap (good agricultural practice) experimental plots of pogostemon cablin, citrus medica and morinda officinalis in guangdong. the results showed that the ph, organic matter and other major nutrient contents were low and imbalance. there are lots of nutritive disturbance factors. the ... | 2002 | 12583155 |
| toxicity and repellency of patchouli oil and patchouli alcohol against formosan subterranean termites coptotermes formosanus shiraki (isoptera: rhinotermitidae). | patchouli oil obtained from pogostemon cablin (blanco) benth and its main constituent, patchouli alcohol, were tested for their repellency and toxicity against formosan subterranean termites (coptotermes formosanus shiraki). both were found to be toxic and repellent. unusual tissue destruction was noted inside the exoskeleton of the termite after patchouli alcohol was topically applied to the dorsum. | 2003 | 14705881 |
| [measurement of mefv in 66 cases of asthma in the convalescent stage and after treatment with chinese herbs]. | this paper reported the measurement of maximal expiratory flow-volume curve (mefv) for 66 cases of asthmatics in the convalescent stage. among which the data of fev, pef, v75, v50, v25 in 35 cases (53.03% of the total) gave different abnormal as compared with healthy persons. it showed that in the convalescent stage, most of the asthmatics still possessed obstruction of airways and chiefly of small airways. 35 cases of asthmatics in the convalescent stage was given the chinese herbal decoction o ... | 1989 | 2611953 |