| searching for virulence burkholderia pseudomallei genes by immunoscreening the lambda zapii expressed genomic library. | the lambdazap ii expressed genomic library of b. pseudomallei was screened with pooled melioidosis serum preabsorbed with e. coli host cell. the positive clones were detected by using protein a-cdp-star chemiluminescence. all of 14 positive clones reacted with only the pooled absorbed melioidosis serum and not the pooled absorbed normal serum when tested with the plaque dot blot analysis. the expressed genes were detected by using a combination of immunoscreening, bioinformatics and molecular bi ... | 2003 | 15115093 |
| detection of virulence attributes of burkholderia pseudomallei. | melioidosis caused by burkholderia pseudomallei is an emerging disease in india. this study examined the toxin activity of bacteria-free culture filtrate in three different cell lines (cytotoxic assay) and its effect on caenorhabditis elegans (nematode toxicity assay). endotoxic activity of the viable bacteria was also studied in c. elegans (co-culture killing assay). | 2004 | 15115160 |
| further evaluation of a rapid diagnostic test for melioidosis in an area of endemicity. | immunochromatographic test (ict) kits for the rapid detection of immunoglobulin g (igg) and igm antibodies to burkholderia pseudomallei were compared to the indirect hemagglutination (iha) assay. in 138 culture-confirmed melioidosis cases, sensitivities were 80, 77, and 88% for iha, ict igg, and ict igm, respectively. in a prospective study of 160 consecutive sera samples sent for melioidosis serology, respective specificities were 91, 90, and 69, positive predictive values were 41, 32, and 18, ... | 2004 | 15131200 |
| microbial contamination of drinking water and disease outcomes in developing regions. | drinking water is a major source of microbial pathogens in developing regions, although poor sanitation and food sources are integral to enteric pathogen exposure. gastrointestinal disease outcomes are also more severe, due to under-nutrition and lack of intervention strategies in these regions. poor water quality, sanitation and hygiene account for some 1.7 million deaths a year world-wide (3.1% of all deaths and 3.7% of all daly's), mainly through infectious diarrhoea. nine out of 10 such deat ... | 2004 | 15138046 |
| exploitation of host cells by burkholderia pseudomallei. | intracellular bacterial pathogens have evolved mechanisms to enter and exit eukaryotic cells using the power of actin polymerisation and to subvert the activity of cellular enzymes and signal transduction pathways. the proteins deployed by bacteria to subvert cellular processes often mimic eukaryotic proteins in their structure or function. studies on the exploitation of host cells by the facultative intracellular pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei are providing novel insights into the pathogene ... | 2004 | 15149030 |
| c-reactive protein in the diagnosis of melioidosis. | previous work suggested that c-reactive protein (crp) may be a useful test in the diagnosis of melioidosis, the infection caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. we reviewed patients with culture-confirmed melioidosis to define the role of this inflammatory marker in the diagnosis of melioidosis. in 175 patients, we found that the admission crp level may be normal or only mildly elevated, including patients with severe sepsis, fatal cases, and in relapsed melioidosis. in a multivariate analysis, se ... | 2004 | 15155996 |
| genomic diversity of burkholderia pseudomallei clinical isolates: subtractive hybridization reveals a burkholderia mallei-specific prophage in b. pseudomallei 1026b. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the etiologic agent of the disease melioidosis and is a category b biological threat agent. the genomic sequence of b. pseudomallei k96243 was recently determined, but little is known about the overall genetic diversity of this species. suppression subtractive hybridization was employed to assess the genetic variability between two distinct clinical isolates of b. pseudomallei, 1026b and k96243. numerous mobile genetic elements, including a temperate bacteriophage de ... | 2004 | 15175308 |
| [experimental study on the possibility of using live tularemia vaccine to increase resistance to heterologous infection disease]. | in experiments on guinea pigs immunized with francisella tularensis 15, or live tularemia vaccine (ltv), the level of heterologous protective effect to dangerous infectious diseases caused by yersinia pestis, burkholderia pseudomallei, b. mallei, mycobacterium tuberculosis was studied. the study revealed that during the first 4 weeks after the subcutaneous immunization with ltv the level of resistance of the immunized animals to heterologous infective agent reliably increased as indicated by the ... | 2004 | 15188557 |
| out of hospital treatment of patients with melioidosis using ceftazidime in 24 h elastomeric infusors, via peripherally inserted central catheters. | in the tropical north of the northern territory, australia, 25-50 patients are admitted to royal darwin hospital (rdh) each year with burkholderia pseudomallei infection, or melioidosis. treatment consists of initial intensive therapy with 2-4 weeks of intravenous antibiotics. clinical improvement may occur early and patients often prefer to be managed out of hospital in the hospital in the home (hith). | 2004 | 15189462 |
| exposure to burkholderia pseudomallei induces cell-mediated immunity in healthy individuals. | melioidosis is an emerging tropical infection caused by the intracellular bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei, and is associated with high mortality rates. previous studies investigating the prevalence of melioidosis have based conclusions on serological evidence. however, cell-mediated immunity is more relevant for protection against an intracellular pathogen such as b. pseudomallei. this is the first demonstration that exposure to b. pseudomallei may lead to the formation of specific antibodie ... | 2004 | 15191392 |
| one-step purification of chimeric green fluorescent protein providing metal-binding avidity and protease recognition sequence. | gene fusion technique was successfully applied as a potential approach to create a metal-binding site to assist one-step purification of green fluorescent protein (gfp). the chimeric gfp carrying hexapolyhistidine (h6gfpuv) was purified to homogeneous protein via the immobilized metal affinity chromatography charged with zinc ions. removal of metal tagger could readily be performed by using enterokinase enzyme. engineering of the hexahistidine and enterokinase cleavage sites (ddddk) onto the chi ... | 2003 | 15198344 |
| contribution of gene loss to the pathogenic evolution of burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia mallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis. burkholderia thailandensis is a closely related species that can readily utilize l-arabinose as a sole carbon source, whereas b. pseudomallei cannot. we used tn5-ot182 mutagenesis to isolate an arabinose-negative mutant of b. thailandensis. sequence analysis of regions flanking the transposon insertion revealed the presence of an arabinose assimilation operon consisting of nine genes. analysis of the b. pseudomallei chromosome show ... | 2004 | 15213162 |
| epidemiology of community-acquired and nosocomial bloodstream infections in tropical australia: a 12-month prospective study. | to define the relative incidence of organisms causing blood stream infections in a tropical setting with a very low prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection (<1%). | 2004 | 15228489 |
| dpsa protects the human pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei against organic hydroperoxide. | the human pathogen, burkholderia pseudomalle, is able to survive and multiply in hostile environments such as within macrophages. in an attempt to understand its strategy to cope with oxidative stress, the physiological role and gene regulation of a nonspecific dna-binding protein (dpsa) was investigated. expression of dpsa increases in response to oxidative stress through increased transcription from the upstream katg (catalase-peroxidase) promoter, which is oxyr dependent. dpsa is also transcr ... | 2004 | 15241582 |
| immunostimulatory cpg oligodeoxynucleotide confers protection in a murine model of infection with burkholderia pseudomallei. | although cpg oligodeoxynucleotides (cpg odns) are known to enhance resistance against infection in a number of animal models, little is known about the cpg-induced protection against acute fatal sepsis such as that associated with the highly virulent bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei. we previously demonstrated in an in vitro study that immunostimulatory cpg odn 1826 enhances phagocytosis of b. pseudomallei and induces nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide production by mouse macrophages. in ... | 2004 | 15271908 |
| comparison of the susceptibilities of burkholderia pseudomallei to meropenem and ceftazidime by conventional and intracellular methods. | the effect of the two antibiotics ceftazidime and meropenem on a collection of 46 burkholderia pseudomallei isolates representing clinical and environmental sources across northern australia was investigated by using a series of in vitro test methods. the susceptibility testing methods used included kirby-bauer disk diffusion, etest mic, broth microdilution mic, and a modification of the microdilution method in which acanthamoeba cells were added to simulate the effect of a professional phagocyt ... | 2004 | 15273112 |
| catalase-peroxidases (katg) exhibit nadh oxidase activity. | catalase-peroxidases (katg) produced by burkholderia pseudomallei, escherichia coli, and mycobacterium tuberculosis catalyze the oxidation of nadh to form nad+ and either h2o2 or superoxide radical depending on ph. the nadh oxidase reaction requires molecular oxygen, does not require hydrogen peroxide, is not inhibited by superoxide dismutase or catalase, and has a ph optimum of 8.75, clearly differentiating it from the peroxidase and catalase reactions with ph optima of 5.5 and 6.5, respectivel ... | 2004 | 15280362 |
| attenuated virulence and protective efficacy of a burkholderia pseudomallei bsa type iii secretion mutant in murine models of melioidosis. | melioidosis is a severe infectious disease of animals and humans caused by the gram-negative intracellular pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei. an inv/mxi-spa-like type iii protein secretion apparatus, encoded by the b. pseudomallei bsa locus, facilitates bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, escape from endocytic vesicles and intracellular survival. this study investigated the role of the bsa type iii secretion system in the pathogenesis of melioidosis in murine models. b. pseudomallei bipd mu ... | 2004 | 15289563 |
| a proposed scoring system for predicting mortality in melioidosis. | melioidosis, due to infection with the environmental organism burkholderia pseudomallei, continues to be associated with high mortality despite improvements in antibiotic therapy. using simple clinical findings and baseline laboratory tests available at the time of admission, we attempted to define those patients with acute melioidosis who were at higher risk of death. using data, collected prospectively from the period october 1989 to june 2002, from patients with acute culture-confirmed melioi ... | 2003 | 15307431 |
| common oligosaccharide moieties inhibit the adherence of typical and atypical respiratory pathogens. | intervention in bacterial adhesion to host cells is a novel method of overcoming current problems associated with antibiotic resistance. antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria that cause respiratory tract infections are a problem in hospitals and could be used in bioterrorist attacks. a range of bacterial species was demonstrated to attach to an alveolar epithelial (a549) cell line. in all cases, cell surface oligosaccharides were important in attachment, demonstrated by reduced adhesion when ... | 2004 | 15314189 |
| identification of a novel two-partner secretion system from burkholderia pseudomallei. | two adjacent genes, bpaa and bpab, whose products display significant similarity to a number of two-partner secretion (tps) systems have been identified in burkholderia pseudomallei strain 08, but are absent from the closely related avirulent species b. thailandensis. they possess a number of sequence features characteristic of tps systems, including the presence of an npngi motif in a region of bpaa which strongly resembles a tps secretion domain. bpaa is a very large protein (approximately 530 ... | 2004 | 15316770 |
| expression and refolding of omp38 from burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia thailandensis, and its function as a diffusion porin. | in the present paper, we describe cloning and expression of two outer membrane proteins, bpsomp38 (from burkholderia pseudomallei) and bthomp38 (from burkholderia thailandensis) lacking signal peptide sequences, using the pet23d(+) expression vector and escherichia coli host strain origami(de3). the 38 kda proteins, expressed as insoluble inclusion bodies, were purified, solubilized in 8 m urea, and then subjected to refolding experiments. as seen on sds/page, the 38 kda band completely migrated ... | 2004 | 15329048 |
| experimental burkholderia pseudomallei infection of pigs. | experimental infection with burkholderia pseudomallei was successfully produced after a single intravenous challenge of 2-month-old pigs with a dose of 5.0 x 10(9) bacterial cells. clinical, paraclinical and morphological findings of the infectious process and post-infectious immunity were examined up to day 30 post infection (p.i.). a transient and short hyperthermia accompanied by enhanced and longer demonstrated pulse frequency. an increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate and tachypnea were o ... | 2004 | 15330982 |
| melioidosis in a traveller from thailand: case report. | a 42-year old italian male with type 2 diabetes and hcv-related chronic hepatitis spent 6 months in thailand. after his return in june 2002 he was admitted to the infectious diseases unit of the hospital of livorno (italy) because of fever, chest pain and skin abscesses in the legs. chest x-rays and ct scan revealed multiple bilateral cavitary lesions in the lungs. ultrasonography and ct scan showed numerous subcentimetric spleen abscesses. burkholderia pseudomallei was isolated from the cutaneo ... | 2004 | 15332718 |
| non-septicemic burkholderia pseudomallei liver abscess in a young man. | melioidosis, caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, has been increasingly recognized in taiwan recently. its isolation in liver abscess is rare compared to pulmonary melioidosis. we report a case of liver abscess due to b. pseudomallei in an immunocompetent 27-year-old male soldier admitted due to fever, sore throat and mild non-productive cough for 1 week. physical examination was unremarkable except for congestion of the pharyngeal wall, moderate enlargement of the tonsils without pus coating, a ... | 2004 | 15340656 |
| expression and purification of a recombinant scfv towards the exotoxin of the pathogen, burkholderia pseudomallei. | a single chain variable fragment (scfv) specific towards b. pseudomallei exotoxin had previously been generated from an existing hybridoma cell line (6e6af83b) and cloned into the phage display vector pcomb3h. in this study, the scfv was subcloned into the pcomb3x vector to facilitate the detection and purification of expressed antibodies. detection was facilitated by the presence of a hemagglutinin (ha) tag, and purification was facilitated by the presence of a histidine tag. the culture was gr ... | 2004 | 15357306 |
| the changing pattern of bloodstream infections associated with the rise in hiv prevalence in northeastern thailand. | a survey of bloodstream infections was conducted in the large regional hospital in ubon ratchatani, northeastern thailand between 1989 and 1998, during the onset of the hiv epidemic. the incidence of staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, klebsiella/enterobacter and pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteraemias remained constant whereas infections caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, non-typhoid salmonellae, cryptococcus neoformans, penicillum marneffei and to a lesser extent streptococcus pneumoniae al ... | 2004 | 15363648 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei stimulates low interleukin-8 production in the human lung epithelial cell line a549. | melioidosis is a life-threatening disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. the lung is the most commonly affected organ, resulting in abscess formation in patients with chronic melioidosis. previous study has shown that b. pseudomallei was able to invade and multiply in epithelial cells. in the present study, we have demonstrated that b. pseudomallei is able to stimulate interleukin 8 (il-8) production from the human alveolar lung epithelium cell line a549. however, the level of il-8 product ... | 2004 | 15373906 |
| structural flexibility in the burkholderia mallei genome. | the complete genome sequence of burkholderia mallei atcc 23344 provides insight into this highly infectious bacterium's pathogenicity and evolutionary history. b. mallei, the etiologic agent of glanders, has come under renewed scientific investigation as a result of recent concerns about its past and potential future use as a biological weapon. genome analysis identified a number of putative virulence factors whose function was supported by comparative genome hybridization and expression profili ... | 2004 | 15377793 |
| genomic plasticity of the causative agent of melioidosis, burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a recognized biothreat agent and the causative agent of melioidosis. this gram-negative bacterium exists as a soil saprophyte in melioidosis-endemic areas of the world and accounts for 20% of community-acquired septicaemias in northeastern thailand where half of those affected die. here we report the complete genome of b. pseudomallei, which is composed of two chromosomes of 4.07 megabase pairs and 3.17 megabase pairs, showing significant functional partitioning of g ... | 2004 | 15377794 |
| adaptive immunity in melioidosis: a possible role for t cells in determining outcome of infection with burkholderia pseudomallei. | melioidosis is a potentially fatal disease caused by the bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei. individuals with subclinical melioidosis have no apparent clinical signs or symptoms, and are identified only by positive serology. the present study is the first to investigate cell-mediated immune (cmi) responses following in vitro stimulation with b. pseudomallei antigens in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc), collected under field conditions in papua new guinea (png) from individuals with exp ... | 2004 | 15380526 |
| contamination of hand wash detergent linked to occupationally acquired melioidosis. | two mechanics working at a garage in tropical northern australia simultaneously developed upper limb melioidosis ulcers. both patients had burkholderia pseudomallei of identical pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) type (spe i). environmental sampling identified b. pseudomallei in a container of commercial hand wash detergent as the likely source of infection, although there were multiple isolates of different pfge types to the clinical isolates. | 2004 | 15381819 |
| structure of the c-terminal domain of the catalase-peroxidase katg from escherichia coli. | catalase-peroxidases or katgs, the apparent in vivo activators of the anti-tubercular pro-drug isoniazid, are active as homodimers, each subunit having two distinct but sequence- and structure-related domains. the n-terminal domain contains the haem group and is catalytically active, while the c-terminal domain lacks the cofactor. the c-terminal domain of katg from escherichia coli is expressed as a soluble protein which has been crystallized in triclinic, orthorhombic and tetragonal crystal for ... | 2004 | 15388929 |
| immunologic studies with malleomyces mallei and malleomyces pseudomallei; serological relationships between m. mallei and m. pseudomallei. | | 1950 | 15402290 |
| immunologic studies with malleomyces mallei and malleomyces pseudomallei, agglutination and complement fixation tests in man and laboratory animals. | | 1950 | 15402291 |
| functional characterization of a prokaryotic kir channel. | the kir gene family encodes inward rectifying k+ (kir) channels that are widespread and critical regulators of excitability in eukaryotic cells. a related gene family (kirbac) has recently been identified in prokaryotes. while a crystal structure of one member, kir-bac1.1, has been solved, there has been no functional characterization of any kirbac gene products. here we present functional characterization of kirbac1.1 reconstituted in liposomes. utilizing a 86rb+ uptake assay, we demonstrate th ... | 2004 | 15448150 |
| severe community-acquired pneumonia and sepsis caused by burkholderia pseudomallei associated with flooding in puerto rico. | burkholderia pseudomallei (melioidosis) is usually found in endemic areas of southeast asia and northern australia. however, a few cases of confirmed melioidosis indigenous to puerto rico and the americas have been reported previously. we describe the occurrence of a b. pseudomallei infection in a female with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus exposed to flood waters in puerto rico. we conclude that b. pseudomallei should be considered a potential pathogen in high-risk patients with severe comm ... | 2003 | 15449787 |
| preliminary report on the northern australian melioidosis environmental surveillance project. | an environmental surveillance programme was developed to determine whether water supplies could be a source of burkholderia pseudomallei as noted during previous melioidosis outbreak investigations. water supplies to communities in the three northern australian jurisdictions (western australia, northern territory and queensland) were sampled periodically during 2001 and 2002. water and soil samples were collected from communities known to have had recent culture-positive melioidosis cases and ne ... | 2004 | 15473143 |
| neutralizing chimeric mouse-human antibodies against burkholderia pseudomallei protease: expression, purification and characterization. | a recombinant fab monoclonal antibody (fab) c37, previously obtained by phage display and biopanning of a random antibody fragment library against burkholderia pseudomallei protease, was expressed in different strains of escherichia coli. e. coli strain hb2151 was deemed a more suitable host for fab expression than other e. coli strains when grown in media supplemented with 0.2 % glycerol. the expressed fab fragment was purified by affinity chromatography on a protein g-sepharose column, and the ... | 2004 | 15479619 |
| role of quorum sensing in the pathogenicity of burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of human and animal melioidosis. the role of quorum sensing (qs) in the in vivo pathogenicity of b. pseudomallei via inhalational exposure of balb/c mice and intraperitoneal challenge of syrian hamsters has not been reported. this investigation demonstrates that b. pseudomallei encodes a minimum of three luxi and five luxr homologues that are involved in animal pathogenicity. mass spectrometry analysis of culture supernatants revealed that wild-ty ... | 2004 | 15496380 |
| seroprevalence of anti-flagellin antibody against burkholderia pseudomallei in taiwan. | | 2004 | 15507783 |
| antibiotic susceptibility of 65 isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia mallei to 35 antimicrobial agents. | fifty isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei and 15 isolates of burkholderia mallei were tested for their susceptibilities to 35 antimicrobial agents, including agents not previously tested against these bacteria. | 2004 | 15509614 |
| laboratory exposure to burkholderia pseudomallei--los angeles, california, 2003. | on july 26, 2003, the los angeles county department of health services (lacdhs) received a report that a local clinical laboratory had isolated from specimens burkholderia pseudomallei, a category b biologic terrorism agent and the causative organism for melioidosis, which is endemic to certain tropical areas. because laboratory workers had manipulated cultures of the organism, cdc was asked to assist in the subsequent investigation. this report summarizes the results of that investigation, whic ... | 2004 | 15514581 |
| patterns of large-scale genomic variation in virulent and avirulent burkholderia species. | the human diseases melioidosis and glanders are caused by the bacteria burkholderia pseudomallei and b. mallei respectively, and both species are regarded as potential biowarfare agents. we used b. pseudomallei dna microarrays to compare the genomes of several clinical and environmental isolates of b. pseudomallei, b. mallei, and b. thailandensis, a closely related but avirulent species. open reading frames (orfs) deleted between the three species were associated with diverse cellular functions, ... | 2004 | 15520292 |
| melioidosis in animals: a review on epizootiology, diagnosis and clinical presentation. | melioidosis, an infectious disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei is an emerging disease with high impact on animals and man. in different animal species, the clinical course varies and delayed diagnosis poses risks for the dissemination of the agent in non-endemic areas. not only migration and transport of animals around the world but also tourism increases the risk that melioidosis can leave its endemic boundaries and establish itself elsewhere. detection of the agent is a major challenge ... | 2004 | 15525357 |
| melioidosis strikes singapore. | | 2004 | 15534940 |
| development of 5' nuclease real-time pcr assays for the rapid identification of the burkholderia mallei//burkholderia pseudomallei complex. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis and was classified as a biologic agent by the centers for disease control and prevention (atlanta, ga). acute melioidosis has a case fatality rate of >40%, and septicemia is fatal in up to 90%. the aim of the study was to design 5'-nuclease real-time pcr assays for the rapid and reliable identification of the b. mallei/b. pseudomallei complex. real-time pcr assays using taqman probes targeting the 16s rdna and flic were developed on ... | 2004 | 15538116 |
| [immune response in experimental animals immunized with burkholderia pseudomallei surface antigens]. | the influence of the chromatographic fractions of b. pseudomallei surface antigenic complex (c, c1, d, h) on immune response in white rats and white mice was under study. these antigenic complexes were noted to produce perceptible stimulating effect on the immune system of white rats, in contrast to that of white mice. the immunization of the mice the above-mentioned fractions suppressed the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages (pm) and slightly enhanced cell-mediated immunity. in exper ... | 2004 | 15554321 |
| [identification and differentiation of pathogenic burkholderia]. | in this review modern methods for the identification and differential diagnostics of the causative agents of glanders and melioidosis, recently included into the genus burkholderia, are presented. the known phenotypic signs and genetic markers permitting the identification of two pathogenic microorganisms on the definite taxonomic level are described. | 2004 | 15554328 |
| structural characterization of the ser324thr variant of the catalase-peroxidase (katg) from burkholderia pseudomallei. | the ser315thr variant of the catalase-peroxidase katg from mycobacterium tuberculosis imparts resistance to the pro-drug isonicotinic acid hydrazide (isoniazid) through a failure to convert it to the active drug, isonicotinoyl-nad. the equivalent variant in katg from burkholderia pseudomallei, ser324thr, has been constructed, revealing catalase and peroxidase activities that are similar to those of the native enzyme. the other activities of the variant protein, including the nadh oxidase, the is ... | 2005 | 15567407 |
| the neuropathology of melioidosis: two cases and a review of the literature. | melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei and is hyperendemic in the top end of the northern territory of australia, as well as being widespread throughout tropical south east asia. the infection is primarily acquired via the inoculation of compromised surface tissues by contaminated soils and water and it can cause an acute, rapidly fatal illness. although pneumonia is the commonest manifestation, neurological presentations have been described, most notably enceph ... | 2004 | 15581021 |
| isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei from northern australia are distinct by multilocus sequence typing, but strain types do not correlate with clinical presentation. | melioidosis is the disease caused by the saprophytic organism burkholderia pseudomallei. previous studies have suggested some strain tropism and differential virulence. in this study, we defined strains by multilocus sequence typing (mlst) of isolates taken from the top end of australia's northern territory and compared the results with those of other strains typed worldwide. we specifically sought clinical and geographical correlates of strain types. among 87 australian isolates, 48 sequence ty ... | 2004 | 15583269 |
| identification and discrimination of burkholderia pseudomallei, b. mallei, and b. thailandensis by real-time pcr targeting type iii secretion system genes. | burkholderia pseudomallei and b. mallei are two highly pathogenic bacteria, responsible for melioidosis and glanders, respectively. the two are closely related and can also be mistaken for b. thailandensis, a nonpathogenic species. to improve their differential identification, we describe a hydrolysis probe-based real-time pcr method using the uneven distribution of type iii secretion system genes among these three species. | 2004 | 15583328 |
| evaluation of lipopolysaccharide and capsular polysaccharide as subunit vaccines against experimental melioidosis. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, which is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in endemic regions. currently there is no human vaccine against melioidosis. in this study, lps or capsular polysaccharide was used to immunize balb/c mice. the different polysaccharide antigens induced antibody responses. mice vaccinated with lps developed predominantly igm and igg3 responses. contrastingly, mice vaccinated with capsular polysaccharide developed a predominantly igg ... | 2004 | 15585494 |
| pulmonary melioidosis associated with bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia. | we report a case of pulmonary melioidosis associated bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia (boop). while antibiotic treatment alone did not show any major effect, addition of corticosteroids resulted in rapid clinical improvement. to our knowledge this is the first documented case of melioidosis associated with organising pneumonia. the possible therapeutic implications for the treatment of severe pulmonary melioidosis are discussed. | 2005 | 15603844 |
| community-acquired pneumonia in northern australia: low mortality in a tropical region using locally-developed treatment guidelines. | to investigate the epidemiology and outcome of adult community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in tropical australia. | 2005 | 15603991 |
| epitope mapping of burkholderia pseudomallei serine metalloprotease: identification of serine protease epitope mimics. | filamentous phage random peptide libraries were used to identify the epitopes of burkholderia pseudomallei protease by panning against igg polyclonal sera that exhibited protease neutralizing properties. the isolated fusion peptides presented a consensus peptide sequence, tksmalsg, which closely resembles part of the active site sequence, 435gtsmatphvag445, of b. pseudomallei serine metalloprotease. by comparing the consensus sequence, tksmalsg, with the predicted three-dimensional molecular mod ... | 2005 | 15607634 |
| mycotic aneurysm due to burkholderia pseudomallei infection: case reports and literature review. | melioidosis caused by burkholderia pseudomallei infection is endemic in southeast asia and northern australia. cardiovascular complications resulting in mycotic aneurysms are very rare. to our knowledge, there have only been 6 isolated case reports published in the literature to date. we report 6 cases of melioidosis in singapore that presented as aortic aneurysms. | 2004 | 15614712 |
| type iii secretion system cluster 3 is required for maximal virulence of burkholderia pseudomallei in a hamster infection model. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiological agent of melioidosis, is an animal pathogen capable of inducing a highly fatal septicemia. b. pseudomallei possesses three type iii secretion system (ttss) clusters, two of which (ttss1 and ttss2) are homologous to the ttss of the plant pathogen ralstonia solanacearum, and one (ttss3) is homologous to the salmonella spi-1 mammalian pathogenicity island. we have demonstrated that ttss3 is required for the full virulence of b. pseudomallei in a hamster mo ... | 2005 | 15621426 |
| transmission of burkholderia pseudomallei via breast milk in northern australia. | two cases of maternal to child transmission of melioidosis are reported from australia's tropical north. one infant died of overwhelming sepsis. both lactating mothers had mastitis. in 1 case, burkholderia pseudomallei isolated from breast milk was identical on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis with that in blood and cerebrospinal fluid isolates from the infant. | 2004 | 15626961 |
| the bpsir quorum-sensing system of burkholderia pseudomallei. | bpsir, a luxir quorum-sensing homolog, is required for optimal expression of virulence and secretion of exoproducts in burkholderia pseudomallei. cell density-dependent expression of bpsi and bpsr, the positive regulation of bpsir expression by bpsr, and the synthesis of n-octanoyl-homoserine lactone (c8hsl) by bpsi are described in this report. | 2005 | 15629951 |
| preliminary evaluation of the api 20ne and rapid nf plus systems for rapid identification of burkholderia pseudomallei and b. mallei. | we evaluated the api 20ne and the rapid nf plus systems with 58 burkholderia pseudomallei and 23 b. mallei strains for identification of these agents, but neither was reliable for confirmatory identification, with only 0 to 60% strains identified accurately. a greater diversity of strains in the system databases would be beneficial. | 2005 | 15635021 |
| three-dimensional model and molecular mechanism of mycobacterium tuberculosis catalase-peroxidase (katg) and isoniazid-resistant katg mutants. | mycobacterium tuberculosis katg enzyme functions both as catalase for removing hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) and as peroxidase for oxidating isoniazid (inh) to active form of anti-tuberculosis drug. although mutations in m. tuberculosis katg confer inh resistance in tuberculous patients, structural bases for inh-resistant mutations in the katg gene remains poorly understood. here, three m. tuberculosis katg mutants bearing arg418--> gln, ser315 --> thr, or trp321 --> gly replacement were assessed ... | 2004 | 15650370 |
| rapid presumptive identification of burkholderia pseudomallei with real-time pcr assays using fluorescent hybridization probes. | burkholderia pseudomallei (the etiologic agent of melioidosis) can cause pyogenic or granulomatous lesions in almost any organ. septicemia has a case fatality rate of >40%. early diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic therapy are crucial for survival, but cultivation, biochemical identification, and conventional pcr of b. pseudomallei are time consuming. we established real-time pcr assays using fluorescent hybridization probes targeting the 16s rdna, the flagellin c (flic) and the ribosomal prote ... | 2005 | 15652215 |
| melioidosis; the remarkable imitator: recent perspectives. | melioidosis is an important public health problem in some regions of the world. it is endemic in south east asia. the clinical spectrum of melioidosis is extremely broad, and melioidosis requires awareness on the part of the clinician and the existence of a laboratory capable of isolating and identifying burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiological agent of melioidosis. beta-lactams such as ceftazidime is currently the treatment of choice. there is no vaccine licensed for human use. there is an ur ... | 2004 | 15656034 |
| the capsular polysaccharide of burkholderia pseudomallei contributes to survival in serum by reducing complement factor c3b deposition. | burkholderia pseudomallei produces an extracellular polysaccharide capsule -3)-2-o-acetyl-6-deoxy-beta-d-manno-heptopyranose-(1- which has been shown to be an essential virulence determinant. the addition of purified capsule was shown to increase the virulence of a capsule mutant strain in the syrian hamster model of acute melioidosis. an increase in the number of wild-type b. pseudomallei cells in the blood was seen by 48 h, while the number of capsule mutant cells in the blood declined by 48 h ... | 2005 | 15664954 |
| a type iv pilin, pila, contributes to adherence of burkholderia pseudomallei and virulence in vivo. | the burkholderia pseudomallei k96243 genome contains multiple type iv pilin-associated loci, including one encoding a putative pilus structural protein (pila). a pila deletion mutant has reduced adherence to human epithelial cells and is less virulent in the nematode model of virulence and the murine model of melioidosis, suggesting a role for type iv pili in b. pseudomallei virulence. | 2005 | 15664977 |
| bichat guidelines for the clinical management of glanders and melioidosis and bioterrorism-related glanders and melioidosis. | glanders and melioidosis are two infectious diseases that are caused by burkholderia mallei and burkholderia pseudomallei respectively. infection may be acquired through direct skin contact with contaminated soil or water. ingestion of such contaminated water or dust is another way of contamination. glanders and melioidosis have both been studied for weaponisation in several countries in the past. they produce similar clinical syndromes. the symptoms depend upon the route of infection but one fo ... | 2004 | 15677841 |
| kinetic studies of bioactive products nitric oxide and 8-iso-pgf(2alpha) in burkholderia pseudomallei infected human macrophages, and their role in the intracellular survival of these organisms. | the oxidative response of burkholderia pseudomallei and escherichia coli infected macrophages from normal and melioidosis subjects was determined by measuring the production of nitric oxide which is one of the reactive nitrogen intermediates, and the activation state of these macrophages was determined by measuring the generation of 8-iso-pgf(2alpha), a bioactive product of free radical induced lipid peroxidation. macrophages obtained from the melioidosis patients generated significantly lower l ... | 2005 | 15681148 |
| clinical manifestation of pulmonary melioidosis in adults. | between 1996 and 2002, 162 cases of pulmonary melioidosis were reported from srinagarind hospital, khon kaen, northeast thailand, 90 acute vs 72 subacute/chronic. patients averaged 50 years of age and half worked as farmers. the male to female ratio was between 2 and 3 to 1 depending on the subgrouping. burkholderia pseudomallei was confirmed by a culture or a four-fold rise in titer in the majority of cases, while the others were presumptive diagnoses based on response to treatment. pulmonary m ... | 2004 | 15689084 |
| pulmonary melioidosis presenting with right paratracheal mass. | a rare case of pulmonary melioidosis is reported. the patient was a 62-year-old man presenting with subacute fever, dry cough, and significant weight loss. a chest x-ray revealed a right paratracheal mass. the findings from fiberoptic bronchoscopy were a blunt carina and normal tracheobronchial tree. the patient had an underlying disease of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, heavy smoking, and heavy alcoholic drinking. one of the two cultured blood specimens grew b. pseudomallei. the pathologi ... | 2004 | 15691141 |
| relative uptake of technetium 99m stannous colloid by neutrophils and monocytes is altered by gram-negative infection. | gram-negative infection alters phagocytic cell function; hence, it could affect phagocytic uptake of inorganic colloids by these cells. neutrophil and monocyte uptake of technetium 99m stannous colloid (99mtc snc) in whole blood was measured in 10 patients with gram-negative infection (burkholderia pseudomallei) and 7 controls. mean uptake per individual neutrophil was reduced in infection. uptake per monocyte was not significantly different. blood from six normal individuals was incubated with ... | 2005 | 15691667 |
| brothers in arms. | | 2005 | 15693175 |
| actin-based motility of intracellular pathogens. | the actin cytoskeleton is harnessed by several pathogenic bacteria that are capable of entering into non-phagocytic cells, the so-called 'invasive bacteria'. among them, a few also exploit the host actin cytoskeleton to move intra- and inter-cellularly. our knowledge of the basic mechanisms underlying actin-based motility has dramatically increased and the list of bacteria that are able to move in this way is also increasing including not only listeria, shigella and rickettsia species but also m ... | 2005 | 15694855 |
| detection of burkholderia pseudomallei in soil within the lao people's democratic republic. | clinical cases of melioidosis caused by the saprophyte burkholderia pseudomallei were first noted in the lao people's democratic republic (pdr) in 1999. in this study, 36% of 110 soil samples in northern lao pdr were positive for b. pseudomallei, providing further evidence for the presence of melioidosis in this country. | 2005 | 15695707 |
| cutaneous melioidosis in a man who was taken as a prisoner of war by the japanese during world war ii. | melioidosis, an infection caused by the gram-negative bacillus burkholderia pseudomallei, is endemic to southeast asia and northern australia. human infection is acquired through contact with contaminated water via percutaneous inoculation. clinical manifestations range from skin and soft tissue infection to pneumonia with sepsis. we report a case of a man who was taken as a prisoner of war by the japanese during world war ii who presented with a nonhealing ulcer on his right hand 62 years after ... | 2005 | 15695721 |
| melioidosis in mauritius. | we report the first case of human melioidosis from mauritius, where burkholderia pseudomallei has never been isolated. the patient was immunocompromised, had never traveled abroad, and had a history of regular exposure to mud. she became ill at a time when rainfall was higher than the monthly average. | 2005 | 15705340 |
| detection and differentiation of burkholderia pseudomallei, burkholderia mallei and burkholderia thailandensis by multiplex pcr. | burkholderia pseudomallei, a gram-negative bacterium that causes melioidosis may be differentiated from closely related species of burkholderia mallei that causes glanders and non-pathogenic species of burkholderia thailandensis by multiplex pcr. the multiplex pcr consists of primers that flank a 10-bp repetitive element in b. pseudomallei and b. mallei amplifying pcr fragment of varying sizes between 400-700 bp, a unique sequence in b. thailandensis amplifying a pcr fragment of 308 bp and the m ... | 2005 | 15708316 |
| infected pseudoaneurysm of the femoral artery secondary to melioidosis infection of a previous femoropopliteal bypass graft. | infected arterial aneurysm or pseudoaneurysm caused by burkholderia pseudomallei is very rare; a review of the literature reveals only five previously reported cases. we report the first case of melioidosis infection of a previous femoropopliteal bypass graft complicated by para-anastomotic pseudoaneurysm of the femoral artery successfully treated by surgical removal of the old graft and creation of a new, extraanatomic, external iliac-to-popliteal bypass graft. | 2005 | 15714374 |
| a case of melioidosis presenting as migrating pulmonary infiltration: the first case in korea. | melioidosis is an infection of the gram-negative bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei. while it is known as an important cause of sepsis or chronic abscess-forming disease in southeast asia and northern australia, no case has yet been reported in korea. a 50-yr-old man visited our hospital for intermittent fever associated with dry cough and sputum. roentgenographic examination showed migrating pulmonary infiltration. symptoms and chest radiograph and computed tomography (ct) image findings did n ... | 2005 | 15716619 |
| [first description of an autopsied case of melioidosis in ceará state]. | an autopsied case is reported concerning fulminant sepsis with predominantly pulmonary lesions, caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, etiologic agent of melioidosis, originating from interior of ceará state, northeastern brazil where there had been no previous cases reported. autopsy findings and differential diagnosis are discussed. | 2005 | 15717097 |
| modified virulence of antibiotic-induced burkholderia pseudomallei filaments. | melioidosis is a life-threatening bacterial infection caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. some antibiotics used to treat melioidosis can induce filamentation in b. pseudomallei. despite studies on the mechanism of virulence of the bacteria, the properties of b. pseudomallei filaments and their impact on virulence have not been investigated before. to understand the characteristics of antibiotic-induced filaments, we performed in vitro assays to compare several aspects of virulence between norma ... | 2005 | 15728895 |
| comparison of gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin and ciprofloxacin for treatment of experimental burkholderia pseudomallei infection. | to compare the efficacy of moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin and ciprofloxacin for the post-exposure prophylaxis and treatment of experimental burkholderia pseudomallei infection. the presence of persistent infection in treated animals and the rate of relapse following dexamethasone treatment were also investigated. | 2005 | 15731198 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei invasion and activation of epithelial cells requires activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a causative agent of melioidosis. this gram-negative bacterium is able to survive inside the macrophages and also able to invade non-phagocytic cells including epithelial cells. interaction of pathogenic bacteria to the host cells is frequently associated with activation of mitogen-activated protein (map) kinases signaling activity. in this study, we demonstrated that b. pseudomallei stimulated p38 map kinase of human alveolar lung epithelial cell line (a549). phosph ... | 2005 | 15748812 |
| genome-wide identification and mapping of variable sequences in the genomes of burkholderia mallei and burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia mallei and burkholderia pseudomallei, closely related gram-negative bacteria, are the causative agents of such serious infectious diseases of humans and animals as glanders and melioidosis, respectively. despite numerous studies of these pathogens, the detailed mechanisms of their pathogenesis is still poorly understood. one of the serious obstacles to revealing factors responsible for pathogenicity lies in the considerable natural variability of b. pseudomallei and b. mallei, which ... | 2004 | 15748995 |
| melioidosis imported into nepal. | this is a report of the first recognized case of melioidosis in nepal. illness began 1 month after returning from malaysia after a 1 y stay. the case highlights the importance of ascertaining the travel history in any patient with a suspected infectious disease in this age of global travel. | 2005 | 15764193 |
| disinfection of burkholderia pseudomallei in potable water. | the effect of chlorine, monochloramine and uv disinfection on the water-borne pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei was assessed. persistence of b. pseudomallei was verified by mpn involving a one-step recovery procedure. chlorine proved the most effective disinfectant with a 99.99% reduction of a 10(6) cfu/ml pure bacterial culture followed by 99.9% reduction by monochloramine and 99% reduction by uv. co-culture of b. pseudomallei with acanthamoeba astronyxis was found to greatly enhance survival ... | 2005 | 15766962 |
| identification of a bacterial factor required for actin-based motility of burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a gram-negative facultative intracellular pathogen that enters and escapes from eukaryotic cells using the power of actin polymerization. we have identified a bacterial protein (bima) that is required for the ability of b. pseudomallei to induce the formation of actin tails. bima contains proline-rich motifs and wh2-like domains and shares limited homology at the c-terminus with the yersinia autosecreted adhesin yada. bima is located at the pole of the bacterial cell ... | 2005 | 15773977 |
| [burkholderia pseudomallei infection after travelling in southeast asia, case study]. | | 2005 | 15780898 |
| functional characterization of oxa-57, a class d beta-lactamase from burkholderia pseudomallei. | class d beta-lactamase oxa-57 was identified in a range of isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia thailandensis. comparative kinetic analyses of wild-type and mutant forms of b. pseudomallei oxa-57 are reported. implications of these data for beta-lactam resistance and the proposed role of ser-104 in beta-lactam hydrolysis are discussed. | 2005 | 15793160 |
| tsunami lung: a necrotising pneumonia in survivors of the asian tsunami. | | 2005 | 15804231 |
| tropical medicine: melioidosis? never heard of it... | | 2005 | 15815599 |
| rapid immunofluorescence microscopy for diagnosis of melioidosis. | an immunofluorescent (if) method that detects burkholderia pseudomallei in clinical specimens within 10 min was devised. the results of this rapid method and those of an existing if method were prospectively compared with the culture results for 776 specimens from patients with suspected melioidosis. the sensitivities of both if tests were 66%, and the specificities were 99.5 and 99.4%, respectively. | 2005 | 15817767 |
| melioidosis: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management. | melioidosis, caused by the gram-negative saprophyte burkholderia pseudomallei, is a disease of public health importance in southeast asia and northern australia that is associated with high case-fatality rates in animals and humans. it has the potential for epidemic spread to areas where it is not endemic, and sporadic case reports elsewhere in the world suggest that as-yet-unrecognized foci of infection may exist. environmental determinants of this infection, apart from a close association with ... | 2005 | 15831829 |
| route of infection in melioidosis. | | 2005 | 15834987 |
| detection of paragonimus heterotremus eggs in experimentally infected cats by a polymerase chain reaction-based method. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) procedure for the detection of paragonimus heterotremus eggs in stool samples was developed and compared with stoll's egg count method. the primers were designed on the basis of a previously constructed pph-13-specific dna probe, which produced an approximate 0.5-kb amplified product. this pcr method could detect as few as 5 eggs in 0.6 g of artificially inoculated feces of a healthy control cat or as little as 1 x 10(-4) ng of p. heterotremus genomic dna. the a ... | 2005 | 15856902 |
| musculoskeletal melioidosis masquerading as diabetic amyotrophy. | a patient with musculoskeletal melioidosis masquerading as diabetic amyotrophy is described. a 43-year-old man presented with left thigh pain, fever, malaise and loss of weight. he had diabetes mellitus for six years. he was initially diagnosed with diabetic amyotrophy and was treated conservatively. recurrence of symptoms prompted further investigations which revealed melioidosis of the left femur. magnetic resonance imaging showed an enhancing subperiosteal collection. the diagnosis was confir ... | 2005 | 15858693 |
| comparison of diagnostic laboratory methods for identification of burkholderia pseudomallei. | limited experience and a lack of validated diagnostic reagents make burkholderia pseudomallei, the cause of melioidosis, difficult to recognize in the diagnostic microbiology laboratory. we compared three methods of confirming the identity of presumptive b. pseudomallei strains using a collection of burkholderia species drawn from diverse geographic, clinical, and environmental sources. the 95 isolates studied included 71 b. pseudomallei and 3 b. thailandensis isolates. the api 20ne method ident ... | 2005 | 15872242 |
| role and significance of quantitative urine cultures in diagnosis of melioidosis. | melioidosis is associated with significant mortality in countries in which it is endemic. previous studies have demonstrated that quantitative burkholderia pseudomallei counts in blood are predictive of mortality. here we examine the relationship between outcomes and quantitative b. pseudomallei counts in urine. a total of 755 patients presenting to sappasithiprasong hospital, ubon ratchathani, northeast thailand (in the northeast part of the country), with melioidosis between july 1993 and octo ... | 2005 | 15872255 |
| trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistance in clinical isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei. | trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is commonly used to treat melioidosis. antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the disc diffusion method is commonly used in melioidosis-endemic areas, but may overestimate resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. | 2005 | 15886263 |