| melioidosis: an emerging infection in taiwan? | from january 1982 to may 2000, 17 infections caused by burkholderia pseudomallei were diagnosed in 15 patients in taiwan; almost all the infections were diagnosed from 1994 to may 2000. of the 15 patients, 9 (60%) had underlying diseases, and 10 (67%) had bacteremic pneumonia. thirteen (76%) episodes of infection were considered indigenous. four patients died of melioidosis. seventeen b. pseudomallei isolates, recovered from eight patients from november 1996 to may 2000, were analyzed to determi ... | 2001 | 11384520 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei interferes with inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) production: a possible mechanism of evading macrophage killing. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a causative agent of melioidosis, a life threatening disease which affects humans and animals in tropical and subtropical areas. this bacterium is known to survive and multiply inside cells such as macrophages. the mechanism of host defense against this bacterium is still unknown. in this study, we demonstrated that b. pseudomallei exhibited unique macrophage activation activity compared with escherichia coli and salmonella typhi. the mouse macrophage cell line (raw ... | 2001 | 11386421 |
| comparison of the polymerase chain reaction and serologic tests for diagnosis of septicemic melioidosis. | for diagnosis of melioidosis, we compared polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based dna detection and three serologic methods with the culture method currently used as gold standard. the diagnostic values of the serologic methods were evaluated in 130 patients. all these patients resided in an endemic area. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) gave slightly higher specificity (86.2%) than a dot immunoassay (dot) (85.3%), but was superior to an indirect hemagglutination assay (iha) (79.8%). t ... | 2000 | 11388506 |
| randomized, double-blind, controlled study of cefoperazone-sulbactam plus cotrimoxazole versus ceftazidime plus cotrimoxazole for the treatment of severe melioidosis. | we conducted a prospective randomized, double-blind, controlled study of cefoperazone-sulbactam (ratio, 1:1; cefoperazone 25 mg/kg/day) plus cotrimoxazole (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole [tmp-smz] at a ratio of 80:400; tmp, 8 mg/kg/day) versus ceftazidime (100 mg/kg/day) plus cotrimoxazole (tmp, 8 mg/kg/day) for the treatment of severe melioidosis. of 219 patients enrolled in the study, 102 (47%) had culture-proven melioidosis. these patients were assigned randomly to 2 treatment groups, each wit ... | 2001 | 11389491 |
| acute respiratory failure in melioidosis. | in melioidosis caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, although every organ in the body may be involved, the highest mortality of 73% occurs when the respiratory system is affected. these patients invariably die of acute respiratory failure. most of them also have underlying predisposing factors like diabetes mellitus. | 2001 | 11405563 |
| interventions for treating melioidosis. | melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by a bacterium (burkholderia pseudomallei) found particularly in some areas in the tropics. it is a serious condition which can be fatal. beta lactam antibiotics have dramatically reduced the risk of death, but mortality still remains high. | 2001 | 11405983 |
| antigenic heterogeneity of lipopolysaccharide among burkholderia pseudomallei clinical isolates. | burkholderia pseudomallei (bp) causes melioidosis, a potentially fatal human infection in the tropics. clinical isolates from different geographical locations have similar morphological and biochemical characteristics. although bp has been reported to possess 2 types of lipopolysaccharide (lps) differing in the chemical structure of their o-polysaccharide (o-ps) component, earlier report demonstrated that the clinical strains exhibited identical lps moieties. recently, we reported antigenic simi ... | 2000 | 11414445 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei kills the nematode caenorhabditis elegans using an endotoxin-mediated paralysis. | we investigated a non-mammalian host model system for fitness in genetic screening for virulence-attenuating mutations in the potential biowarfare agents burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia mallei. we determined that b. pseudomallei is able to cause 'disease-like' symptoms and kill the nematode caenorhabditis elegans. analysis of killing in the surrogate disease model with b. pseudomallei mutants indicated that killing did not require lipopolysaccharide (lps) o-antigen, aminoglycoside/mac ... | 2001 | 11422081 |
| groel encodes a highly antigenic protein in burkholderia pseudomallei. | no recombinant protein is available for serodiagnosis of melioidosis. in this study, we report the cloning of the groel gene, which encodes an immunogenic protein of burkholderia pseudomallei. bidirectional dna sequencing of groel revealed that the gene contained a single open reading frame encoding 546 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 57.1 kda. basic local alignment search tool analysis showed that the putative protein encoded by groel is homologous to the chaperonins enco ... | 2001 | 11427437 |
| production of oxalate in the culture supernate of burkholderia pseudomallei. | | 2001 | 11444779 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei virulence: definition, stability and association with clonality. | clinical presentations of melioidosis, caused by burkholderia pseudomallei are protean, but the mechanisms underlying development of the different forms of disease remain poorly understood. in murine melioidosis, the level of virulence of b. pseudomallei is important in disease pathogenesis and progression. in this study, we used b. pseudomallei-susceptible balb/c mice to determine the virulence of a library of clinical and environmental b. pseudomallei isolates from australia and papua new guin ... | 2001 | 11445448 |
| diplomats in bangkok and risk of melioidosis. | | 2001 | 11468118 |
| melioidosis: a clinical model for gram-negative sepsis. | | 2001 | 11478666 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei-specific recombinant protein and its potential in the diagnosis of melioidosis. | melioidosis is an important public health problem in southeast asia and northern australia. this disease is caused by the gram-negative bacilli, burkholderia pseudomallei. wide spectra of clinical manifestations are observed in melioidosis ranging from asymptomatic to septicemic infection. although serodiagnostic methods of melioidosis have been improved significantly in recent years, a highly specific diagnostic test that can differentiate asymptomatic seropositive individuals and melioidosis p ... | 2001 | 11495298 |
| differentiation between non-virulent and virulent burkholderia pseudomallei with monoclonal antibodies to the ara+ or ara- biotypes. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a fatal tropical infectious disease endemic in southeast asia. environmental isolates of b. pseudomallei have two distinctive biotypes. some soil isolates are arabinose-assimilators (ara+ biotype) and are non-virulent in experimental animals. the others cannot assimilate arabinose (ara- biotype) and are virulent in experimental animals. the ara- biotype is found in almost all b. pseudomallei clinical isolates. in the present study, ... | 2001 | 11504398 |
| case report: recovery from persistent septicemic melioidosis. | septicemic melioidosis is often fatal despite treatment with antibiotics such as ceftazidime to which burkholderia pseudomallei, the causal pathogen, is sensitive in vitro. we report a near-fatal case of septicemic melioidosis with persistent b. pseudomallei bacteremia despite intravenous ceftazidime in which combination therapy with meropenem and ciprofloxacin, splenectomy and correction of metabolic acidosis allowed for hospital discharge. the choice of antibiotic agents was supported by intra ... | 2001 | 11504412 |
| a case of thoracic empyema due to suppurative melioidosis. | melioidosis is considered a rare disease in hong kong, and its diagnosis and treatment can be difficult. we report the case of a patient who presented with thoracic empyema. the material sampled from the empyema was initially labelled burkholderia cepacia. the diagnosis of melioidosis due to burkholderia pseudomallei could only be made after repeated cultures, and performing arginine dihydrolase and serological tests. the patient was initially treated with imipenem for 2 weeks, and then with cip ... | 2001 | 11514758 |
| paediatric melioidosis in the northern territory of australia: an expanding clinical spectrum. | the objective of this study was to present the laboratory and clinical features of the six cases of paediatric melioidosis diagnosed from 1997-2000. | 2001 | 11532051 |
| a putative type iii secretion gene cluster is widely distributed in the burkholderia cepacia complex but absent from genomovar i. | using probes constructed from ralstonia solanacearum and burkholderia pseudomallei, putative type iii secretion (tts) genes were identified in burkholderia cepacia j2315 (genomovar iii). a cosmid clone containing dna with homology to five tts genes was sub-cloned and regions were sequenced in order to design oligonucleotides for polymerase chain reaction assays. these indicated that two putative tts genes (bcscq and bcscv) were present in all members of the b. cepacia complex with the exception ... | 2001 | 11557147 |
| a cluster of melioidosis cases from an endemic region is clonal and is linked to the water supply using molecular typing of burkholderia pseudomallei isolates. | nine cases of melioidosis with four deaths occurred over a 28-month period in members of a small remote aboriginal community in the top end of the northern territory of australia. typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei from six of the cases to be clonal and also identical to an isolate from the community water supply, but not to soil isolates. the clonality of the isolates found in this cluster contrasts with the marked genetic diversity of human ... | 2001 | 11561699 |
| induction of multiple chemokine and colony-stimulating factor genes in experimental burkholderia pseudomallei infection. | melioidosis is a disease of the tropics caused by the facultative intracellular bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei. in human infection, increased levels of ifn-gamma in addition to the chemokines interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 (ip-10) and monocyte interferon-gamma-inducible protein (mig) have been demonstrated. however, the role of these and other chemokines in the pathogenesis of melioidosis remains unknown. using balb/c and c57bl/6 mice as models of the acute and chronic forms of human ... | 2001 | 11564157 |
| [antigen 8 biosynthesis during cultivation of burkholderia pseudomallei and b. mallei]. | the dynamics of the antigen 8 synthesis in burkholderia pseudomallei and b. mallei under conditions of their submerged was studied. differences in the intensity of this antigen synthesis in two pathogenic burkholderia species were established and the producer strains, most effective with respect to this sign, were selected. | 2001 | 11569263 |
| value of throat swab in diagnosis of melioidosis. | throat swab (ts) cultures were performed for 1,011 patients with melioidosis and 3,524 healthy subjects or patients with other diseases. the specificity of ts culture for the diagnosis of melioidosis was 100%, and the overall sensitivity was 36% (24% for sputum-negative patients and 79% for sputum-positive patients). direct plating of the ts specimen on ashdown's medium was rapid (colonies were usually evident within 24 h) but only 63% sensitive compared to the results of primary culture in a se ... | 2001 | 11574624 |
| retrospective review of febrile neutropenia in the royal darwin hospital, 1994-99. | febrile neutropenia is a life-threatening complication of cytotoxic chemotherapy. empirical antibiotic treatment should be based on predominant pathogens and epidemiological characteristics of the treated community. the aim of the present study was to review cases of febrile neutropenia at the royal darwin hospital (rdh) in order to assess the appropriateness of empirical antibiotic therapy. | 2001 | 11584902 |
| paraplegia secondary to burkholderia pseudomallei myelitis: a case report. | bacterial infection is an uncommon cause of acute paraplegia. a 42-year-old aboriginal man presented to a remote health clinic in northern australia with myelitis associated with burkholderia pseudomallei. he was treated with analgesia and intravenous flucloxacillin, ceftriaxone, and gentamicin and transferred to our hospital, where an urgent t12-l1 laminectomy and decompression was performed. urine culture confirmed b. pseudomallei infection (melioidosis). abdominopelvic computed tomography rev ... | 2001 | 11689986 |
| fatal human melioidosis acquired in a subtropical australian city. | we describe an acute fatal human case of melioidosis acquired in ipswich, a city at 27.5 degrees s in southern queensland, south of the area traditionally considered endemic for melioidosis in australia. molecular typing revealed that this patient isolate was genetically distinct from 2 other human and 1 bovine isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei from the same region and from 4 tropical northern australian strains. this finding suggests that if b. pseudomallei has been introduced to the region ... | 2001 | 11693877 |
| retrospective study on the diagnostic value of igg elisa, dot immunoassay and indirect hemagglutination in septicemic melioidosis. | three serological methods for diagnosis of melioidosis were compared with the culture method currently used as the "gold standard". the diagnostic values of the serological methods were evaluated retrospectively in 306 patients residing in an endemic area. the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), using affinity purified antigen for detecting specific igg antibody, showed a slightly higher specificity (86.0%) than the dot immunoassay (dot) (84.0%) and both were superior to indirect hemagglu ... | 2001 | 11699719 |
| ribotyping of burkholderia pseudomallei from clinical and soil isolates in thailand. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a soil saprophyte that causes melioidosis in humans and animals. restriction fragment length polymorphism of the ribosomal dna regions (ribotyping) were analyzed in 577 isolates comprising 371 clinical and 206 soil isolates collected throughout thailand in 1997. a total of 77 distinct ribotype patterns consisting of 2-9 bands with sizes ranging from 2.8 to >23 kb were found. twelve major ribotypes were identified of which types 3, 8 and 23 were commonly found (278/57 ... | 2001 | 11700181 |
| melioidosis: an emerging tropical health problem. | | 2001 | 11718367 |
| a second type iii secretion system in burkholderia pseudomallei: who is the real culprit? | | 2001 | 11739751 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei infection, or melioidosis, and nephrotic syndrome. | | 2002 | 11773478 |
| an indirect elisa for the diagnosis of melioidosis. | very little information is available on melioidosis in india. this disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei is not often considered as a differential diagnosis and patients are not usually investigated for it. thus we are unaware of its prevalence in india. this study was undertaken to detect the presence of melioidosis in patients presenting with pyrexia of unknown origin (puo) using an indirect elisa. | 2001 | 11785450 |
| melioidosis in systemic lupus erythematosus: the importance of early diagnosis and treatment in patients from endemic areas. | serious infection is a common problem in immunosuppressed patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle). melioidosis is caused by the gram-negative bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei and may present as an acute fulminant pneumonia or septicaemia that is often fatal. the organism is endemic in much of south-east asia but is being increasingly reported from other parts of the world, including india, northern australia and north and south america. in addition to occurring in people who come int ... | 2001 | 11789494 |
| molecular and physical characterization of burkholderia mallei o antigens. | burkholderia mallei lipopolysaccharide (lps) has been previously shown to cross-react with polyclonal antibodies raised against b. pseudomallei lps; however, we observed that b. mallei lps does not react with a monoclonal antibody (pp-ps-w) specific for b. pseudomallei o polysaccharide (o-ps). in this study, we identified the o-ps biosynthetic gene cluster from b. mallei atcc 23344 and subsequently characterized the molecular structure of the o-ps produced by this organism. | 2002 | 11790757 |
| model of differential susceptibility to mucosal burkholderia pseudomallei infection. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, an infectious disease with protean clinical manifestations. the major route of infection is thought to be through subcutaneous inoculation of contaminated soil and water, although ingestion and inhalation of contaminated aerosols are also possible. this study examines infection through the intranasal route in a murine model to mimic infection through inhalation. two strains of mice, c57bl/6 and balb/c, exhibit differential suscepti ... | 2002 | 11796576 |
| adherence of burkholderia pseudomallei cells to cultured human epithelial cell lines is regulated by growth temperature. | we have investigated the adherence of burkholderia pseudomallei, cultured under a number of different conditions, to six human epithelial cell lines. while several complex medium compositions had relatively little effect on adherence, growth at 30 degrees c was found to significantly increase adherence to all cell lines relative to that of cultures grown at 37 degrees c (p < 0.001). | 2002 | 11796634 |
| identification of a novel repetitive dna element and its use as a molecular marker for strain typing and discrimination of ara- from ara+ burkholderia pseudomallei isolates. | a novel 10-bp repeat (5'-cgacgcaggc-3')34 was identified in a strain of burkholderia pseudomallei, the first repetitive element found in this species. a pair of primers, based on the flanking sequences of the repetitive region, was used in pcr and dna sequence analysis to determine the genomic structure and distribution of the repetitive element in 76 arabinose- (ara-) and 7 ara+ b. pseudomallei isolates. dna fragments of 400-700 bp were amplified in all ara- isolates. ara+ isolates were charact ... | 2002 | 11800476 |
| a family of putative kir potassium channels in prokaryotes. | prior to this report, members of the inward rectifier family, or kir, have been found only in eukaryotes. like most k+ channels, the pore-forming part of the protein is formed by four identical, or closely related, subunits. each subunit contains a transmembrane m1-p-m2 motif that is followed by a relatively large c-terminus region unique to kir's. | 2001 | 11806753 |
| sherlock holmes and a biological weapon. | | 2002 | 11823558 |
| melioidosis presenting as an infected intrathoracic subclavian artery pseudoaneurysm treated with femoral vein interposition graft. | we present the first case of in situ replacement of an infected subclavian artery using superficial femoral vein and the fourth reported case of an infected arterial pseudoaneurysm caused by pseudomonas pseudomallei. sepsis and hoarseness developed in a 58-year-old man after recent travel to borneo, indonesia. indirect laryngoscopy revealed a paralyzed right vocal cord. computed tomography and arteriography revealed a 6.5-cm pseudoaneurysm of the proximal right subclavian artery. blood cultures ... | 2002 | 11877708 |
| cloning and expression of class a beta-lactamase gene blaa(bps) in burkholderia pseudomallei. | the beta-lactamase gene blaa(bps) in burkholderia pseudomallei was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. bps-1 is a cephalosporinase with an isoelectric point of 7.7. sequence analysis of bps-1 revealed conserved motifs typical of class a beta-lactamases and a relationship to the pena (in b. cepacia) and blai (in yersinia enterocolitica) lineages. | 2002 | 11897607 |
| [burkholderia thailandensis: biological properties, identification and taxonomy]. | burkholderia pseudomallei-like microorganisms have been isolated from soil and water in regions with endemic melioidosis. these strains have biochemical and antigenic profiles identical to melioidosis agents, except that they differ by virulence and l-arabinose (vir-, ara+). there are minor differences between these species by rrna sequence. dna hybridization and, more so, positive transformation of dna auxotrophic mutants of b. pseudomallei by cell lysates of b. thailandensis and b. mallei conf ... | 2002 | 11904924 |
| characterization of a novel insertion sequence, is bp1, in burkholderia pseudomallei. | during screening for antigenic proteins in burkholderia pseudomallei, a novel insertion sequence, is bp1, was found by sequence similarity searches. is bp1 contains two overlapping orfs of 261 bp ( orfa) and 852 bp ( orfb), encoding 87 and 284 amino acid residues, respectively, and an imperfect inverted repeat. the putative protein encoded by orfa (orfa) is similar to the orfa in insertion sequences of the is 3 family in other bacteria, showing 49% and 76% amino acid identity and similarity, res ... | 2002 | 11907683 |
| cerebral melioidosis in singapore: a review of five cases. | a variety of neurological manifestations of infection with burkholderia pseudomallei have been described including cerebral abscesses, which are a well-recognized form of neurological melioidosis. the optimal antibiotic therapy for this condition has not been defined; however, combinations of intravenous antibiotics are frequently used in the early stages. five cases of melioidosis involving brain abscesses are described which presented in singapore over the past 3 years (1997-2000), 4 of which ... | 2002 | 11926000 |
| an audit of the use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in septic shock. | granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (g-csf) stimulates the production of neutrophils and modulates the function and activity of developing and mature neutrophils. in septic shock, the immune system can be considered one of the failing organ systems. g-csf improves immune function and may be a useful adjunctive therapy in patients with septic shock. | 2002 | 11951925 |
| melioidotic osteomyelitis of the femur occurring in a traveler. | | 2002 | 11953265 |
| melioidosis. | melioidosis is an important public health problem in some regions, and a potential bioweapon. recent reports confirm that it is endemic in china, taiwan and laos, but the true incidence in most countries is unknown, and the ecology poorly understood. potable water was the source of two recent outbreaks. the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of the disease in australia are similar to those in thailand, although prostatic abscesses and neurological manifestations are more common and parotid ... | 2002 | 11964912 |
| [melioidosis]. | a 34-year-old woman presented two weeks after a visit to burma with fever peaking up to 39 degrees c, chills, non-productive cough, headache, muscle pain, shortness of breath and a painful swelling on the left lower leg. she was treated immediately with intravenous amoxycillin-clavulanic acid. the gram negative causative agent of melioidosis, burkholderia (previously pseudomonas) pseudomallei, was cultured from samples taken beforehand. the patient then received ceftazidime. she recovered. in vi ... | 2002 | 11980374 |
| distribution of type iii secretion gene clusters in burkholderia pseudomallei, b. thailandensis and b. mallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, carries a cluster of genes closely related in organisation to the type iii secretion (tts) system gene clusters of the plant pathogens ralstonia solanacearum and xanthomonas spp. the tts gene cluster (tts1) is present only in b. pseudomallei and not in avirulent b. thailandensis. adjacent to the gene cluster encoding putative secreton structural proteins lie a number of open reading frames (orfs) encoding putative proteins with littl ... | 2002 | 11990489 |
| a comparison of antibiotic susceptibility testing methods for cotrimoxazole with burkholderia pseudomallei. | melioidosis is caused by the gram-negative soil saprophyte, burkholderia pseudomallei and is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions of southeast asia and northern australia. cotrimoxazole has been traditionally used for the therapy of melioidosis despite results indicating resistance often produced in the disc diffusion test against b. pseudomallei. this inconsistency was addressed by comparing this method with the agar dilution, microscan and e-test methods. the results demonstrated that b ... | 2002 | 12007851 |
| antigenic relatedness between burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia mallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia mallei are causative agents of distinct diseases, namely, melioidosis and glanders, respectively. the two species are very closely related, based on dna-dna homology, base sequence of the 16s rrna, and phenotypic characteristics. based on the use of polyclonal antisera, b. pseudomallei and b. mallei are also found to be antigenically closely related to one another. we previously reported the production of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against b. pseudoma ... | 2002 | 12008922 |
| melioidosis of the head and neck. | melioidosis is a potentially deadly infection that can affect any organ system. reports of melioidosis of the ent/head and neck region are relatively uncommon. four cases are presented: (i) parotid abscess evolving into necrotising fasciitis, (ii) acute sinusitis and parapharyngeal cellulitis resulting in upper airway obstruction, (iii) acute suppurative lymphadenitis (iv) and chronic suppurative otitis media causing meningoencephalitis. three of the four cases are believed to be unique, as a li ... | 2001 | 12014768 |
| activity of five fluoroquinolones against 71 isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei. | | 2002 | 12039903 |
| a liquid-based method for the assessment of bacterial pathogenicity using the nematode caenorhabditis elegans. | caenorhabditis elegans has previously been used as an alternative to mammalian models of infection with bacterial pathogens. we have developed a liquid-based assay to measure the effect of bacteria on the feeding ability of c. elegans. using this assay we have shown that pseudomonas aeruginosa strain pa14, burkholderia pseudomallei and yersinia pestis were able to inhibit feeding of c. elegans strain n2. an increase in sensitivity of the assay was achieved by using c. elegans mutant phm-2, in pl ... | 2002 | 12044672 |
| analogous cytokine responses to burkholderia pseudomallei strains contrasting in virulence correlate with partial cross-protection in immunized mice. | cytokine mrna levels were assessed in burkholderia pseudomallei-susceptible balb/c mice and b. pseudomallei-resistant c57bl/6 mice following administration of a sublethal dose of less virulent (lv) b. pseudomallei, a candidate immunogen tested for protection against a highly virulent (hv) challenge. compared on the basis of the bacterial loads, the cytokine patterns induced by hv and lv b. pseudomallei were similar, involving gamma interferon, interleukin-10, and other cytokines. partial cross-p ... | 2002 | 12065542 |
| characterization of burkholderia pseudomallei infection and identification of novel virulence factors using a caenorhabditis elegans host system. | the environmental saphrophyte burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a systemic, potentially life-threatening condition endemic to many parts of south-east asia and northern australia. we have used the soil nematode caenorhabditis elegans as a model host to characterize the mechanisms by which this bacterium mounts a successful infection. we find that c. elegans is susceptible to a broad range of burkholderia species, and that the virulence mechanisms used by this patho ... | 2002 | 12068805 |
| burkholderia thailandensis e125 harbors a temperate bacteriophage specific for burkholderia mallei. | burkholderia thailandensis is a nonpathogenic gram-negative bacillus that is closely related to burkholderia mallei and burkholderia pseudomallei. we found that b. thailandensis e125 spontaneously produced a bacteriophage, termed phie125, which formed turbid plaques in top agar containing b. mallei atcc 23344. we examined the host range of phie125 and found that it formed plaques on b. mallei but not on any other bacterial species tested, including b. thailandensis and b. pseudomallei. examinati ... | 2002 | 12081973 |
| primary melioidotic prostatic abscess: presentation, diagnosis and management. | in south-east asia and northern australia, melioidosis (infection with burkholderia pseudomallei) is a known cause of severe community-acquired sepsis. however, melioidosis presenting primarily as prostatic abscesses is very rare. | 2002 | 12121159 |
| characterisation of an acapsular mutant of burkholderia pseudomallei identified by signature tagged mutagenesis. | a burkholderia pseudomallei mutant which was attenuated in a mouse model of melioidosis was identified by a signature tagged mutagenesis approach. the transposon was shown to be inserted into a gene within the capsular biosynthetic operon. compared with the wild-type bacteria this mutant demonstrated a 10(5)-fold increase in the median lethal dose in a mouse model and it did not react with a monoclonal antibody against high mol. wt polysaccharide of b. pseudomallei. to determine the kinetics of ... | 2002 | 12132769 |
| demonstration of a cell-mediated immune response in melioidosis. | melioidosis is a bacterial infection caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. the aim of this study was to determine whether a cell-mediated adaptive immune response against b. pseudomallei developed in patients who had recovered from melioidosis. lymphocyte proliferation assays were done on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients (n=13) and control subjects (n=10) to determine the lymphocyte response to b. pseudomallei antigens. production of interferon-gamma and interleukin-10 was also de ... | 2002 | 12134268 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei infections. | | 2002 | 12139165 |
| cutaneous melioidosis. | melioidosis is a rare tropical disease caused by infection with the bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei. it occurs predominantly in south-east asia, northern and central australia and central and south america. patients often present to the internal medicine physicians with a severe, potentially fatal sepsis. we report three patients who presented to our dermatology department with cutaneous melioidosis. | 2002 | 12139670 |
| a simple method to detect and differentiate burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia thailandensis using specific flagellin gene primers. | we have previously shown that burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative pathogen of melioidosis, may be discriminated from the closely related non-pathogenic species burkholderia thailandensis by the presence of a 15 base pair deletion in the flagellin gene of b. thailandensis. using specific flagellin gene primers flanking the distinctive region, pcr products of 191 and 176 bp in size were detected for b. pseudomallei and b. thailandensis, respectively. the sensitivity of detection is 20-80 colo ... | 2002 | 12144773 |
| peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in acute human melioidosis. | | 2002 | 12172754 |
| [cloning and expression of 7.55 kb kpni fragment of burkholderia pseudomallei ppm1 plasmid in escherichia coli]. | bamhi, sali, psti, and kpni fragments of ppm1 (b. pseudomallei 12.95 kb plasmid) were cloned in e. coli. the recombinant clones carrying a 7.55 kb kpni fragment of ppm1 were highly resistant to several aminoglycosides (streptomycin, kanamycin, and gentamycin) and fluoroguinolones (perfloxacin, ofloxacin). two outer membrane proteins (23 and 27 kda) absent in e. coli and capable to form 120 kda oligomer complex were detected by the western blot method in the strain carrying recombinant ps19 plasm ... | 2002 | 12180019 |
| a mutant of burkholderia pseudomallei, auxotrophic in the branched chain amino acid biosynthetic pathway, is attenuated and protective in a murine model of melioidosis. | using a transposon mutagenesis approach, we have identified a mutant of burkholderia pseudomallei that is auxotrophic for branched chain amino acids. the transposon was shown to have interrupted the ilvi gene encoding the large subunit of the acetolactate synthase enzyme. compared to the wild type, this mutant was significantly attenuated in a murine model of disease. mice inoculated intraperitoneally with the auxotrophic mutant, 35 days prior to challenge, were protected against a challenge dos ... | 2002 | 12183585 |
| phage display of recombinant antibodies toward burkholderia pseudomallei exotoxin. | we have used the phagemid pcomb3h to construct recombinant phages displaying the single chain variable fragment (scfv) towards exotoxin of burkholderia pseudomallei. variable heavy and light chain fragments were amplified from the hybridoma 6e6a8f3b line, with a wide spectrum of primers specific to mouse antibody genes. through overlapping extension polymerase chain reaction, the heavy and light chain fragments were linked to form the scfv which was subsequently cloned into the phage display vec ... | 2002 | 12186782 |
| comparison of rapid, automated ribotyping and dna macrorestriction analysis of burkholderia pseudomallei. | an automated ribotyping device (riboprinter) was used to determine the ribotypes of a collection of burkholderia pseudomallei isolates. in a preliminary evaluation with the restriction enzymes bamhi and ecori, the protocol with ecori was more discriminating. the reproducibilities of the ribotypes obtained with ecori (ecori ribotypes) were determined by testing three levels of bacterial loads. the performance of the manufacturer's software was assessed by comparing the machine-optimized ribotypes ... | 2002 | 12202553 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei: abscess in an unusual site. | melioidosis is an infection caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. it is an important human pathogen in tropical area. the clinical manifestations are protean and multisystem involvement. we report an unusual case of melioidosis with abscess at root of mesentery in an elderly, non-insulin dependent diabetic thai women. she presented with prolonged fever and chronic abdominal pain. the early clinical diagnosis was carcinomatous mass with peritonitis. diagnosis of melioidosis arose from the surgical ... | 2002 | 12215696 |
| short report: a rapid method for the differentiation of burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia thailandensis. | a rapid method for the identification and differentiation of burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia thailandensis colonies is described. it consists of simultaneous use of 2 monoclonal antibody-based latex agglutination test systems. the anti-lipopolysaccharide test reacts with both species, whereas the anti-exopolysaccharide reacts only with b. pseudomallei. compared with classical biochemical tests, the method is highly reproducible and accurate. it is particularly useful for the identific ... | 2002 | 12224587 |
| biochemical-genetic analysis and distribution of des-1, an ambler class a extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from desulfovibrio desulfuricans. | desulfovibrio spp. are gram-negative anaerobes phylogenetically related to bacteroides spp., which are rarely isolated and which are mostly isolated from intra-abdominal abscesses. desulfovibrio desulfuricans clinical isolate d3 had a clavulanic acid-inhibited beta-lactam resistance profile and was resistant to some expanded-spectrum cephalosporins. a beta-lactamase gene, bla(des-1), was cloned from whole-cell dna of isolate d3 and expressed in escherichia coli. purified beta-lactamase des-1, wi ... | 2002 | 12234847 |
| clinical features of community-acquired pneumonia treated at srinagarind hospital, khon kaen, thailand. | pneumonia is a serious illness associated with significant morbidity and mortality. the interpretation guidelines for pneumonia management requires knowledge of both the clinical presentation of the disease and local epidemiology. we studied the clinical features, initial laboratory results, antibiotic sensitivities, and outcomes of patients diagnosed with acute community-acquired pneumonia between january 1999 and december 2000 at srinagarind hospital. the causative organisms were identified in ... | 2002 | 12236437 |
| cloning of the class d beta-lactamase gene from burkholderia pseudomallei and studies on its expression in ceftazidime-susceptible and -resistant strains. | ceftazidime is the antibiotic of choice for the treatment of melioidosis. ceftazidime-resistant burkholderia pseudomallei have been identified and beta-lactamase production implicated in resistance. in this study, 25 strains of b. pseudomallei (15 clinical and 10 environmental strains) were examined for their ability to yield mutants that overexpress beta-lactamase. ceftazidime-resistant mutants were selected readily at high frequency and displayed four- to eight-fold increases in the mics of ce ... | 2002 | 12356787 |
| the burkholderia pseudomallei oxyr gene: expression analysis and mutant characterization. | burkholderia pseudomallei (bp) is the causative agent of the life-threatening melioidosis in humans. the global transcription factor oxyr gene was isolated and characterized. it is located between recg, encoding a putative dna helicase, and katg, encoding a putative catalase-peroxidase. oxyr is expressed as a monocistronic 1 kb mrna and is induced by oxidative stress compounds. northern, primer extension, and transcription reporter fusion analyses showed that oxyr mrna is induced by 0.2 mm menad ... | 2002 | 12383513 |
| characterization of a laboratory-generated variant of bps beta-lactamase from burkholderia pseudomallei that hydrolyses ceftazidime. | burkholderia pseudomallei produces an ambler class a beta-lactamase, known as bps-1. the beta-lactamase gene from a laboratory-derived, ceftazidime-resistant strain of b. pseudomallei (lh-1-2) was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. the beta-lactamase, named bps-1m, had an identical isoelectric focusing point (pi 7.7) to that of bps-1, but differed in having a stronger hydrolytic activity against ceftazidime. susceptibility testing showed that bps-1m when expressed in e. coli conferred res ... | 2002 | 12407130 |
| an inv/mxi-spa-like type iii protein secretion system in burkholderia pseudomallei modulates intracellular behaviour of the pathogen. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a serious infectious disease of humans and animals that is endemic in subtropical areas. b. pseudomallei is a facultative intracellular pathogen that may invade and survive within eukaryotic cells for prolonged periods. after internalization, the bacteria escape from endocytic vacuoles into the cytoplasm of infected cells and form membrane protrusions by inducing actin polymerization at one pole. it is believed that survival within ... | 2002 | 12410823 |
| a novel class of microbial phosphocholine-specific phospholipases c. | in this report we describe the 1,500-fold purification and characterization of the haemolytic phospholipase c (plc) of pseudomonas aeruginosa, the paradigm member of a novel plc/phosphatase superfamily. members include proteins from mycobacterium tuberculosis, bordetella spp., francisella tularensis and burkholderia pseudomallei. purification involved overexpression of the plchr1,2 operon, ion exchange chromatography and native preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. matrix-assisted lase ... | 2002 | 12410824 |
| the use of animal infection models to study the pathogenesis of melioidosis and glanders. | the use of animal infection models is central to the study of microbial pathogenesis. in combination with genetic, immunological and antigen purification techniques, much can be learned regarding the pathogenesis of diseases caused by microorganisms. this update focuses on the recent use of animal infection models to study the pathogenesis of melioidosis and glanders. | 2002 | 12419603 |
| a possible pitfall in the identification of burkholderia mallei using molecular identification systems based on the sequence of the flagellin flic gene. | amotile burkholderia mallei and motile burkholderia pseudomallei display a high similarity with regard to phenotype and clinical syndromes, glanders and melioidosis. the aim of this study was to establish a fast and reliable molecular method for identification and differentiation. despite amotility, the gene of the filament forming flagellin (flic) could be completely sequenced in two b. mallei strains. only one mutation was identified discriminating between b. mallei and b. pseudomallei. a poly ... | 2002 | 12423776 |
| comparison of automated and nonautomated systems for identification of burkholderia pseudomallei. | the identification of burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is usually not difficult in laboratories in areas where it is endemic. with the increase in international travel and the threat of bioterrorism, it has become more likely that laboratories in areas where it is not endemic could encounter this organism. the increase in the use of and dependence upon automated identification systems makes accurate identification of uncommonly encountered organisms such as b. pseud ... | 2002 | 12454163 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of the catalase-peroxidase katg from burkholderia pseudomallei. | the bifunctional catalase-peroxidase katg encoded by the katg gene of burkholderia pseudomallei has a predicted subunit size of 81.6 kda. it shows high sequence similarity to other catalase-peroxidases of bacterial, archaebacterial and fungal origin, including 64% identity to katg from mycobacterium tuberculosis and lesser sequence similarity to members of the plant peroxidase family. crystals from this protein were grown in 16-20% peg 4000, 20% 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol and 0.1 m sodium citrate ... | 2002 | 12454496 |
| strategies for pcr based detection of burkholderia pseudomallei dna in paraffin wax embedded tissues. | recently, several cases of melioidosis imported to europe have been reported. the diagnosis of the acute or chronic infection remains challenging. this report describes an optimised protocol for fast and reliable dna preparation for use in two different polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays, namely: (1) a seminested pcr assay targeting a genus specific sequence of the ribosomal protein subunit 21 (rpsu) gene and (2) a nested pcr assay targeting the gene encoding the filament forming flagellin ( ... | 2002 | 12456780 |
| single gene target bacterial identification. groel gene sequencing for discriminating clinical isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia thailandensis. | proper identification of burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia thailandensis is crucial in guiding clinical management of patients with suspected melioidosis, as more than 99% of cases of melioidosis are caused by b. pseudomallei, whereas b. thailandensis is only responsible for causing less than 1% of the cases. however, the difference between the 16s ribosomal rna gene sequences of b. pseudomallei and that of b. thailandensis is only 1%, and is therefore not discriminative enough for dist ... | 2002 | 12458120 |
| passive protection against burkholderia pseudomallei infection in mice by monoclonal antibodies against capsular polysaccharide, lipopolysaccharide or proteins. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the aetiological agent of melioidosis, is endemic in south-east asia and northern australia, where it is an important cause of human disease. there is no vaccine available and antibiotic therapy is associated with high relapse rates. a panel of seven monoclonal antibodies (mabs) that recognise capsular polysaccharide, lipopolysaccharide or proteins was produced and their ability to protect mice passively against experimental melioidosis was evaluated. the mabs were cap ... | 2002 | 12466403 |
| cystic fibrosis and burkholderia pseudomallei infection: an emerging problem? | we recently managed 4 patients with cystic fibrosis who had acquired burkholderia pseudomallei infection after exposure in a region of endemicity. person-to-person transmission between 2 siblings may have occurred; otherwise, the evidence suggests that cystic fibrosis may increase the likelihood of infection with this organism, and patients should be warned of this possibility and cautioned to avoid high-risk activities. | 2002 | 12471591 |
| a comparison of antibiotic regimens in the treatment of acute melioidosis in a mouse model. | melioidosis is caused by the gram-negative bacillus burkholderia pseudomallei. most clinical reports of disease are from south-east asia and northern australia. the organism is intrinsically resistant to most commonly available antibiotics. standard therapy includes ceftazidime either alone or in combination with co-trimoxazole. the clinical advantage in adding co-trimoxazole has never been determined; nor has the activity of newer, fourth-generation cephalosporins, such as cefepime, been studie ... | 2003 | 12493790 |
| biodefense-driven murine model of pneumonic melioidosis. | a whole-body mouse model of pneumonic melioidosis was established for future evaluation of biodefense vaccine candidates. the aerosol 50% lethal doses of burkholderia pseudomallei strain 1026b for balb/c and c57bl/6 mice and the times to death, dissemination in organs, and tissue loads after exposure of the mice to low- and high-dose aerosols are reported. in addition, rpsl mutant backgrounds were attenuated in this acute model of disease. | 2003 | 12496217 |
| [immunobiological properties of burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia mallei capsular substances]. | the biopolymer composition, immunotropic and immunogenic properties of the fractions of b. pseudomallei and b. mallei were under study. the first two capsular fractions of these agents were found to be similar in their biopolymer composition that was indicative of their close relations. at the same time the causative agents of glanders proved to have decreased content of high molecular glycoproteids and lps fragments. in the causative agents of melioidosis, capsular fractions k3 and k4 were char ... | 2002 | 12506631 |
| interventions for treating melioidosis. | melioidosis is an infectious disease that occurs in tropical regions, particularly in thailand. it is caused by the bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei and is a serious condition which can be fatal. beta-lactam antibiotics have dramatically reduced the risk of death, but mortality still remains high. | 2002 | 12519552 |
| ubiquity of putative type iii secretion genes among clinical and environmental burkholderia pseudomallei isolates in northern australia. | type iii secretion (ttsi) genes of an hrp (hypersensitivity response and pathogenicity)-like locus were present in all 116 northern australian burkholderia pseudomallei isolates tested but were not detected in other common environmental burkholderia species. pcr of tts1 genes may prove valuable as a diagnostic test [corrected]. | 2003 | 12574307 |
| melioidosis--a report from pondicherry, south india. | melioidosis is an acute infectious disease caused by a safety-pin-shaped gram-negative bacteria called burkholderia pseudomallei. here, we report the first case of melioidosis in a middle aged male agricultural worker, from pondicherry. the isolation of this organism from subcutaneous nodules on the extensor aspect of his limbs underlines the diversity of its clinical presentation. difficulty in identifying the organism which mimics any other non-fementing gram-negative bacilli (nfgnb) on cursor ... | 2002 | 12583480 |
| the wbia locus is required for the 2-o-acetylation of lipopolysaccharides expressed by burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia thailandensis. | burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia thailandensis express similar o-antigens (o-ps ii) in which their 6-deoxy-alpha-l-talopyranosyl (l-6dtalp) residues are variably substituted with o-acetyl groups at the o-2 or o-4 positions. in previous studies we demonstrated that the protective monoclonal antibody, pp-ps-w, reacted with o-ps ii expressed by wild-type b. pseudomallei strains but not by a b. pseudomallei wbia null mutant. in the present study we demonstrate that wbia activity is require ... | 2003 | 12586411 |
| the humoral immune response in melioidosis patients during therapy. | this study was undertaken to identify and quantify the class and subclass antibody responses to the culture filtrate antigen (cfa) of burkholderia pseudomallei in melioidosis patients under long-term maintenance or eradication therapy. | 2003 | 12590329 |
| a case of imported melioidosis presenting as prostatitis. | we report a case of melioidosis in a previously healthy belgian man. he presented with septicemia and prostatic abscesses 1 week after a trip to vietnam. burkholderia pseudomallei was isolated from multiple hemocultures. he was treated successfully with intravenous ceftazidime and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, followed by a per-oral maintenance therapy of amoxicillin-clavulanate with supplementary amoxicillin. there was no need for surgical drainage. this is the second reported case of melioido ... | 2003 | 12590337 |
| a family history of deoxyribonuclease ii: surprises from trichinella spiralis and burkholderia pseudomallei. | deoxyribonuclease iialpha (dnase iialpha) is an acidic endonuclease found in lysosomes and nuclei, and it is also secreted. though its caenorhabditis elegans homolog, nuc-1, is required for digesting dna of apoptotic cell corpses and dietary dna, it is not required for viability. however, dnase iialpha is required in mice for correct development and viability, because undigested cell corpses lead to lesions throughout the body. recently, we showed that, in contrast to previous reports, active dn ... | 2003 | 12594037 |
| catalase-peroxidase katg of burkholderia pseudomallei at 1.7a resolution. | the catalase-peroxidase encoded by katg of burkholderia pseudomallei (bpkatg) is 65% identical with katg of mycobacterium tuberculosis, the enzyme responsible for the activation of isoniazid as an antibiotic. the structure of a complex of bpkatg with an unidentified ligand, has been solved and refined at 1.7a resolution using x-ray synchrotron data collected from crystals flash-cooled with liquid nitrogen. the crystallographic agreement factors r and r(free) are 15.3% and 18.6%, respectively. th ... | 2003 | 12628252 |
| cpg odn enhances uptake of bacteria by mouse macrophages. | unmethylated cpg motif in synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide (cpg odn) or bacterial dna is well recognized for its role in innate immunity, including enhancing production of no and cytokines by macrophages. in the present study, we demonstrated the effect of cpg odn on the phagocytic uptake of bacteria by macrophages. flow cytometric analysis of mouse macrophages (raw 264.7) incubated with fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc)-labelled burkholderia pseudomallei, salmonella enterica serovar typhi or esch ... | 2003 | 12653838 |
| flagella are virulence determinants of burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei, a facultatively intracellular pathogen, is a flagellated and motile gram-negative bacterium and is the causative agent of melioidosis in humans. flagella are commonly recognized as important virulence determinants expressed by bacterial pathogens since the motility phenotype imparted by these organelles often correlates with the ability of an organism to cause disease. we used a virulent isolate of b. pseudomallei, khw, to construct an isogenic deletion mutant with a m ... | 2003 | 12654773 |
| flagellum-mediated adhesion by burkholderia pseudomallei precedes invasion of acanthamoeba astronyxis. | in this study we investigated the role of the bacterial flagellum in burkholderia pseudomallei entry to acanthamoeba astronyxis trophozoites. b. pseudomallei cells were tethered to the external amoebic surface via their flagella. mm35, the flagellum-lacking flic knockout derivative of b. pseudomallei nctc 1026b did not demonstrate flagellum-mediated endocytosis in timed coculture, confirming that an intact flagellar apparatus assists b. pseudomallei entry into a. astronyxis. | 2003 | 12654857 |
| [melioidosis: a disease that is advancing]. | | 2003 | 12659091 |