| toxin production by burkholderia pseudomallei strains and correlation with severity of melioidosis. | an exotoxin lethal to cells in culture (cytolethal toxin, clt) was identified in culture filtrates of burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative organism of melioidosis. clt could pass through a 10-kda cut-off ultrafilter and its properties suggest that it is a peptide. isolates from soil, animals and man showed differential cytolethality in vitro. the isolates were divided into low, medium and high clt producers with soil isolates being low producers and isolates from patients with melioidosis en ... | 1997 | 9236739 |
| ribotype differences between clinical and environmental isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei is isolated frequently from the soil in regions where the disease melioidosis occurs. however, recent surveys in thailand have shown that the frequency of isolation of the organism from soil samples is not directly related to the incidence of melioidosis in an area. to determine whether strain populations of b. pseudomallei prevalent in soil are gentypically related to strains causing clinical disease, rrna bamhi restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflp) of 139 s ... | 1997 | 9236740 |
| two patients with recurrent melioidosis after prolonged antibiotic therapy. | melioidosis is a tropical infectious disease caused by burkholderia (pseudomonas) pseudomalleï. clinically manifest melioidosis occurs mostly in people with underlying disorders. melioidosis is a disease with protein manifestations and a high rate of relapse. two patients with infection due to burkholderia pseudomalleï after a visit to thailand are described. both patients presented with sepsis and appropriate therapy was initiated and continued for several months. despite such long-term antimic ... | 1997 | 9181661 |
| in-vitro activity of carbapenem antibiotics against beta-lactam susceptible and resistant strains of burkholderia pseudomallei. | four carbapenem antibiotics were tested for their in-vitro activities (mics, mbcs and time-kill studies) against burkholderia pseudomallei. the carbapenems were all more active than either ceftazidime or co-amoxiclav against strains of b. pseudomallei with a normal susceptibility pattern. biapenem was the most active antibiotic tested. all four carbapenems retained bactericidal activity against 24 strains of b. pseudomallei with reduced susceptibility to ceftazidime and/or co-amoxiclav. | 1996 | 9182118 |
| ribotyping and dna macrorestriction analysis of isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei from cases of melioidosis in malaysia. | forty-nine isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei from sporadic cases of melioidosis in malaysia over the past 18 years were examined by bamhi ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) of xbai digests of total deoxyribonucleic acid (dna). twenty-four patients had septicaemic melioidosis with a mortality of 70%; mortality in the non-septicaemic disease was 16%. five ribotype patterns were identified, 2 of which accounted for 90% of all isolates. pfge revealed a number of different str ... | 1997 | 9231217 |
| speed of detection of burkholderia pseudomallei in blood cultures and its correlation with the clinical outcome. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a major cause of fatalities from nonhospital-acquired, gram-negative bacterial septicemia in northeastern part of thailand. rapid isolation of the bacterium is critical for diagnosis and treatment. bacterial culture is currently the gold standard method for laboratory diagnosis of melioidosis. the present study describes the time to detection of b. pseudomallei in blood cultures using a bact/alert automated blood culture system, and the correlation between the speed ... | 1997 | 9242327 |
| first case report of melioidosis in guadeloupe, a french west indies archipelago. | | 1997 | 9243060 |
| [pulmonary melioidosis in a german southeast asia tourist]. | a patient who returned from a 3-year stay in thailand and india one year ago, was admitted with fever of 38.5 degrees c and productive cough for the last four weeks. he remembered wounding his foot three years ago in india with contamination by soil. subsequently, recurrent pustulae appeared on his feet. one such pustule was found on admittance. the clinical examination showed low body weight, without further abnormalities. | 1997 | 9265152 |
| comparative in vitro susceptibility of burkholderia pseudomallei to cefpirome, ceftazidime and cefepime. | | 1997 | 9271030 |
| bacterial identity and characteristics in healthy and unhealthy respiratory tracts of sheep and calves. | the aim of this study was to compare different bacteriological aspects of the respiratory systems of healthy (h) versus unhealthy (uh) animals with respiratory signs. the prevalence of different bacterial species was determined in the upper and lower respiratory tract of h and uh najdi sheep, somali sheep and holstein calves. the characteristics of pasteurella spp. isolates, and the biotype of pasteurella haemolytica were identified in h and uh animals, eighteen out of 28 (64.3%) of the identifi ... | 1997 | 9266661 |
| indirect hemagglutination antibodies against burkholderia pseudomallei in normal blood donors and suspected cases of melioidosis in malaysia. | interpretation of the indirect hemagglutination test (iha) for melioidosis in endemic areas is difficult because of the presence of antibodies in apparently healthy individuals. fifty-three out of 200 healthy blood donors in malaysia showed positive antibody titers (> or = 1 : 40) against burkholderia pseudomallei. seven percent had an iha titer of 1 : 40, 11% had an iha titer of 1 : 80 while 8.5% had a titer > or = 1 : 160. out of 258 sera sent for melioidosis serology, 7% of the patients had a ... | 1996 | 9279987 |
| specificity and functional activity of anti-burkholderia pseudomallei polysaccharide antibodies. | the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, consists of two o-antigenic polysaccharides designated o-ps i and o-ps ii. in this study, the o-ps specificity and functional activity of a protective polyclonal antiserum and an immunoglobulin m (igm) monoclonal antibody were determined. the polyclonal antiserum recognized both o-ps i and o-ps ii, while the monoclonal antibody was o-ps ii specific. both mediated phagocytic killing of b. pseudomallei b ... | 1997 | 9284132 |
| characterization of the capsular polysaccharide of burkholderia (pseudomonas) pseudomallei 304b. | burkholderia (pseudomonas) pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a bacterial infection of considerable morbidity in areas of endemicity of southeast asia and northern australia. clinical isolates of b. pseudomallei have been demonstrated to produce a lipopolysaccharide (lps) containing two separate and chemically distinct antigenic o polysaccharides against which infected patients produced antibodies. a putative capsular polysaccharide (cps) has also been reported and is thought to ... | 1997 | 9294419 |
| [melioidosis: a tropical time bomb that is spreading]. | melioidosis, an infectious disease that affects many mammals, was first identified in burma by whitmore in 1912. it is caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, a gram negative bacillus of the pseudomonas family, which is found in soil and water. long present in southeast asia and numerous tropical areas, melioidosis has recently appeared in temperate zones including mainland france. the incidence in endemic areas is between 6% and 20% of the population and short period of exposure is sufficient to b ... | 1997 | 9304017 |
| role of reactive nitrogen and oxygen intermediates in gamma interferon-stimulated murine macrophage bactericidal activity against burkholderia pseudomallei. | we examined the contributions of reactive nitrogen and oxygen intermediates (rni and roi, respectively) in macrophage bactericidal activity against burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, in order to understand host defense mechanisms against infection caused by this bacterium. the bacteria multiplied in unstimulated murine macrophage cell line j774.1. however, a strong dose-dependent inhibition of intracellular bacterial growth was observed when gamma interferon (ifn-gamm ... | 1997 | 9317015 |
| arabinose assimilation defines a nonvirulent biotype of burkholderia pseudomallei. | two distinct types of burkholderia pseudomallei, differentiated by the ability to assimilate l-arabinose but with similar morphologies and antigenicities, can be isolated from soil in thailand. approximately 25% of soil isolates from northeast thailand were arabinose assimilators (ara+), but in 1,200 sequentially studied patients, only arabinose "nonassimilators" (ara-) caused melioidosis (p < 0.0001). in a murine model, there was a striking difference in virulence between ara- and ara+ b. pseud ... | 1997 | 9317042 |
| isolation rates of burkholderia pseudomallei among the four regions in thailand. | this study aimed to compare the isolation rates of burkholderia pseudomallei among community-based hospitals located in the central, north, northeast, and south of thailand. a questionnaire inquiring about the number of isolation of b. pseudomallei from various clinical specimens during 1994-95 were mailed to 141 community-based hospitals. of these, 125 hospitals (88.6%) responded to the questionnaire. microbiological laboratory was not available in thirty hospitals. data from 95 remaining hospi ... | 1997 | 9322292 |
| identification and characterization of a two-component regulatory system involved in invasion of eukaryotic cells and heavy-metal resistance in burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a disease increasingly recognized as an important cause of morbidity and mortality in many regions of the world. b. pseudomallei is a facultative intracellular pathogen capable of invading eukaryotic cells. we used tn5-ot182 mutagenesis to generate mutants deficient in the ability to invade a human type ii pneumocyte cell line (a549 cells). one of these mutants, aj1d8, exhibited approximately 10% of the ability of the parental stra ... | 1997 | 9393784 |
| [effect of tra-system of plasmids rp4 and r68.45 on pseudomonas mallei virulence]. | in pseudomonas mallei, spontaneous mutants (tra- mutants) of the plasmids rp4 and r68.45, losing the ability to transfer at conjugation are formed. the plasmids rp4 and r68.45 with tra(+)-phenotype caused a decrease in p. mallei virulence for laboratory animals. at the same time, tra- mutants of these plasmids do not affect p. mallei virulence. the insertion of dna fragment of about 1900 bp into the plasmid transfer gene regions (tra-2-tra-3) gave rise to rp4 and r68.45 tra mutations detectable ... | 1997 | 9289278 |
| meliodosis in india. | | 1996 | 9282627 |
| [immunogenic potential of glanders and melioidosis agents]. | unlike the glanders agent, the superficial structures of the melioidosis agent were demonstrated to be responsible for marked was immunosuppressive activity. some antigenic fractions suppressing the blast transformation of lymphocytes, reducing the count of t helpers and profoundly potentiating the infection in vivo were isolated from p. pseudomallei cells. the immunogenic and immunosuppressive activities of both agents' superficial structures were studied by high performance chromatography. ant ... | 1997 | 9289277 |
| polymerase chain reaction for the detection of burkholderia pseudomallei. | melioidosis is a potentially lethal infection of humans and animals in southeast asia and northern australia. current methods for detection of the causative organism, burkholderia pseudomallei, lack both speed and sensitivity. we report the development of a highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction-based method that can detect as few as 35 colony-forming units of b. pseudomallei/ml in saline suspensions. this polymerase chain reaction test also detected the presence of b. pseudomallei dna in cu ... | 1997 | 9401803 |
| structure of an acidic exopolysaccharide of burkholderia pseudomallei. | a recently described water-soluble exopolysaccharide of burkholderia pseudomallei recognized by the igg 1 monoclonal antibody 3015 [steinmetz, i., rohde, m. & brenneke, b. (1995) infect. immun. 63, 3959-3965] was isolated by repetitive ethanol-precipitation steps and by anion-exchange chromatography. the structure of the polysaccharide was determined by a combination of chemical-derivatization and mass-spectrometric techniques (compositional and methylation analysis, gc/ms, and electrospray-ioni ... | 1997 | 9428716 |
| purification and characterization of a cytotoxic exolipid of burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, an infectious disease, which is increasingly recognized as an important public health problem in various tropical regions. this study describes the identification and characterization of a heat-stable extracellular toxin of b. pseudomallei. after cultivation of b. pseudomallei in liquid media, the heated cell-free supernatant was concentrated by ultrafiltration. the concentrate exhibited a cytotoxic and hemolytic activity which sho ... | 1998 | 9529085 |
| potential misidentification of burkholderia pseudomallei by api 20ne. | biochemical confirmation of the identity of burkholderia pseudomallei in singapore previously relied on the api 20ne panel of tests. after introducing an alternative proprietary biochemical panel, the microbact 24e (medvet, adelaide, australia), we noted that the api panel identified some presumptive b. pseudomallei isolates as other species. we therefore compared the performance of the api 20ne against the microbact 24e with 50 distinct clinical isolates of b. pseudomallei, after 24 hours and a ... | 1998 | 9534210 |
| lipopolysaccharide from nonvirulent ara+ burkholderia pseudomallei isolates is immunologically indistinguishable from lipopolysaccharide from virulent ara- clinical isolates. | different lines of evidence suggest that a discrepancy between the distribution of burkholderia (pseudomonas) pseudomallei in the environment and the distribution of the disease melioidosis is attributable, at least in part, to phenotypic differences between clinical and some environmental isolates. two antigenically and biochemically distinct biotypes have been described, only one of which is virulent. in this study, lipopolysaccharides (lpss) were extracted by the proteinase k digestion method ... | 1998 | 9521147 |
| emerging infections in australia. | over the last 10 years, novel infectious agents including equine morbillivirus, lyssavirus, barmah forest virus, rickettsia honei and two as-yet-unnamed bunyaviruses have been identified as causes of human disease in australia. previously described agents, such as japanese b encephalitis virus, dengue virus, ross river virus, orientia tsutsugamushi, rickettsia australis, burkholderia pseudomallei, mycobacterium ulcerans and trichinella pseudospiralis, have increased their geographical distributi ... | 1997 | 9494666 |
| characterisation and molecular typing of burkholderia pseudomallei: are disease presentations of melioidosis clonally related? | eighteen cases of culture positive melioidosis caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, were seen in four geographically separate communities in north queensland, australia. the genetic inter-relatedness of the clinical isolates were compared utilising random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd) and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (mee). the isolates segregated into two groups that correlated with clinical presentation rather than geographical location. this is the first described association b ... | 1998 | 9514574 |
| burkholderia thailandensis sp. nov., a burkholderia pseudomallei-like species. | the presence of a burkholderia pseudomallei-like species based upon the significant genotypic and phenotypic dissimilarities exhibited between these organisms and true b. pseudomallei strains has been reported previously. in this study, a comprehensive 16s rdna-based phylogenetic analysis further supports the existence of this newly described burkholderia species for which the name burkholderia thailandensis sp. nov. is proposed. | 1998 | 9542103 |
| evaluation of pcr for diagnosis of melioidosis. | previously published pcr-based diagnostic tests for melioidosis were evaluated for clinical usefulness. a burkholderia pseudomallei 16s rrna-derived primer set had a sensitivity approaching 100% for clinical samples from 22 culture-confirmed cases of melioidosis and enabled diagnosis of 3 culture-negative cases. however, samples from 10 of 30 inpatients from royal darwin hospital with other diagnoses were positive by pcr, giving a specificity of 67% and a positive predictive value of only 70%. a ... | 1998 | 9542933 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei infection in a puerto rican patient with chronic granulomatous disease: case report and review of occurrences in the americas. | burkholderia species, notably burkholderia cepacia and burkholderia gladioli, are important pathogens in patients with chronic granulomatous disease (cgd). burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is endemic in southeast asia and northern australia but is a rare pathogen in other parts of the world. we describe the occurrence of b. pseudomallei infection in a puerto rican patient with cgd. this is one of only a small number of documented cases of melioidosis autochthonous t ... | 1998 | 9564470 |
| the detection of insertion sequences within the human pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei which have been identified previously in burkholderia cepacia. | using primers designed from the nucleotide sequences of five insertion elements identified previously in burkholderia cepacia, the presence of two insertion sequences (is406 and is407) was detected in chromosomal dna isolated from strains of the human pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei. the is407 homologue was cloned from b. pseudomallei nctc 4845 and nucleotide sequenced to confirm its identity and degree of homology with b. cepacia is407. a pcr amplification product from b. pseudomallei nctc 4 ... | 1998 | 9595665 |
| mycotic aneurysm due to burkholderia pseudomallei. | | 1998 | 9564506 |
| balb/c and c57bl/6 mice infected with virulent burkholderia pseudomallei provide contrasting animal models for the acute and chronic forms of human melioidosis. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the aetiological agent of melioidosis, a life-threatening bacterial disease occurring in many species of animals, including man. infection in humans commonly manifests as one of three clinical presentations: acute, subacute or chronic disease. investigations were undertaken to assess the suitability of balb/c and c57bl/6 mice as animal models for the different forms of human melioidosis. the course of infection in balb/c mice was similar to that which occurs in acute ... | 1998 | 9600859 |
| specific binding of burkholderia pseudomallei cells and their cell-surface acid phosphatase to gangliotetraosylceramide (asialo gm1) and gangliotriaosylceramide (asialo gm2). | specific binding between bacterial cells and host tissue is an early step of the pathogenesis of infection. burkholderia pseudomallei cells, the causative micro-organisms of melioidosis, were demonstrated to bind specifically to tissue glycolipids (asialo gm1 and asialo gm2) by solid phase binding assay on thin layer chromatograms. the detection limit was around 400 pmol of the glycolipids. acid phosphatase purified from the culture filtrate of b. pseudomallei was tested for such binding propert ... | 1997 | 9656402 |
| brain abscesses caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei is an important human pathogen in tropical areas, particularly south east asia and northern australia. a fatal case of meliodosis presenting as brain abscesses is described. the patient deteriorated despite treatment and died 21 days after admission. burkholderia pseudomallei was only isolated after administration of corticosteroids, whilst on treatment with antibiotics to which the organism later showed in vitro sensitivity. magnetic resonance imaging was more sensitiv ... | 1998 | 9661950 |
| detection of glycoprotein of burkholderia pseudomallei. | | 1998 | 9621212 |
| development and characterization of a murine monoclonal antibody reactive with a 64 kda somatic antigen of burkholderia cepacia. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to burkholderia cepacia were produced from mice immunized with inactivated whole-cell antigen. for screening of resulting mabs an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used. a stable hybridoma cell line (bc-2) producing specific antibodies to a 64 kda somatic antigen from b. cepacia was established. in elisa and immunoblotting analysis the mab bc-2 recognized all tested strains of b. cepacia whereas no cross-reaction with 32 pseudomonas aeruginosa strains was ... | 1998 | 9627054 |
| cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa: a report of a case associated with melioidosis (burkholderia pseudomallei). | | 1998 | 9646129 |
| molecular procedure for rapid detection of burkholderia mallei and burkholderia pseudomallei. | a pcr procedure for the discrimination of burkholderia mallei and burkholderia pseudomallei was developed. it is based on the nucleotide difference t 2143 c (t versus c at position 2143) between b. mallei and b. pseudomallei detected in the 23s rdna sequences. in comparison with conventional methods the procedure allows more rapid identification at reduced risk for infection of laboratory personnel. | 1998 | 9705426 |
| kartagener's syndrome: a re-visit with chinese perspectives. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical, radiological investigation profiles, and ciliary function and ultrastructure in chinese patients with kartagener's syndrome (presence of dextrocardia, sinusitis and bronchiectasis). all patients with dextrocardia were assessed for the presence of sinusitis and bronchiectasis in our hospital network. patients identified with kartagener's were assessed when they were at steady state for their bronchiectasis. seven cases (4 males; mean age 3 ... | 1998 | 9692519 |
| stability of strain genotypes of burkholderia pseudomallei from patients with single and recurrent episodes of melioidosis. | the constancy of strain genotypes of multiple isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei from 13 patients with melioidosis was examined by bamhi ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) of xbai digests of dna. seven of 8 patients with single episodes of melioidosis each yielded genetically identical isolates and only one of five patients with recurrent episodes was infected with a new strain clearly distinct from the original primary strain. variation was observed in pfge patterns of pr ... | 1998 | 9705184 |
| aetiology and outcome of severe community-acquired pneumonia in singapore. | the aim of this study was to determine the aetiology and outcome of severe community-acquired pneumonia, and to assess whether the existing guidelines for initial antimicrobial therapy are being applied. the records of 57 consecutive nonimmunocompromised patients admitted to the medical intensive care unit (icu) between january 1989 and may 1993 with this diagnosis were reviewed. the microbiological data, chest radiographic changes and outcome were analysed. nine (16%) of the 57 patients had pul ... | 1998 | 9701424 |
| bacterial pathogens (non-mycobacterium) from sputum culture and antimicrobial susceptibility. | sputum culture of patients at siriraj hospital, bangkok was 49.84% positive for bacterial pathogens in 1994 and 40.95% in 1995. the average incidence of gram-negative rods was 3.11 fold more than the combination of gram-positive cocci and gram-negative cocci. the most common gram-negative rod was pseudomonas aeruginosa, followed by either klebsiella pneumoniae or acinetobacter anitratus depending on year. the most common coccus was staphylococcus aureus. from both years, the number of haemophilu ... | 1998 | 9740278 |
| killing of pseudomonas pseudomallei by polymorphonuclear leukocytes and peritoneal macrophages from chicken, sheep, swine and rabbits. | differences in the kinetics of pseudomonas pseudomallei killing by peritoneal macrophages (pm) and polymorphonuclear leucocytes (pmnl) from chickens, sheep, swine and rabbits were found. p. pseudomallei was rapidly killed by porcine pm and pmnl. however the bacterial killing by ovine and lapine pm and pmnl proceeded at a slower rate. in contrast, chicken pm and pmnl ingested and killed the lowest number of p. pseudomallei bacteria. the differences in the bactericidal activity of pm and pmnl from ... | 1998 | 9728410 |
| macrophage-lymphocyte interactions mediate anti-burkholderia pseudomallei activity. | the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of melioidosis, caused by the intracellular bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei, are unclear. c57bl/6 mice are resistant to infection, while balb/c mice are highly susceptible. previous studies have demonstrated that peritoneal exudate cell preparations enriched for macrophages are capable of effectively eliminating intracellular pathogens. in this study we present evidence showing that interaction of macrophages with lymphocytes is necessary for effic ... | 1998 | 9753000 |
| hla-dr and -dq associations with melioidosis. | melioidosis is an important infectious disease of southeast asia caused by an intracellular bacterium, burkholderia pseudomallei. cellular immunity is postulated to play important roles in immunity to melioidosis that may influence the severity and clinical outcome of the disease. the present study was undertaken to investigate possible associations of melioidosis with hla class ii alleles. hla typing of hla-drb1, -dqa1, and -dqb1 was performed using polymerase chain reaction and sequence-specif ... | 1998 | 9757914 |
| an ultrastructural study of the phagocytosis of burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei causes melioidosis and is believed to be an intracellular pathogen in human and animal disease. the uptake of b. pseudomallei by mouse peritoneal macrophages and cells in tissue culture was examined by electron microscopy. in all the systems studied b. pseudomallei were phagocytosed and apparently inhibited the normal processes of intracellular killing. destruction of the phagosome membrane occurred and the bacteria escaped into the cytoplasm. | 1998 | 9785484 |
| epidemiological surveillance of melioidosis in singapore. | during the period 1989 to 1996, a total of 372 cases of melioidosis, with 147 deaths, were reported, giving a mean annual incidence rate of 1.7 per 100,000 population and a case-fatality rate of 39.5%. majority (89%) of the clinical cases were confirmed by culture of burkholderia pseudomallei, while the others were presumptive cases based on a single blood specimen with an indirect haemaglutination (iha) antibody titre of > or = 1:16. the highest incidence rate was reported in those aged 45 year ... | 1998 | 9791650 |
| prevalence of human melioidosis on hainan island in china. | eight human cases of melioidosis were diagnosed at hainan people's hospital over a period of one year. four of the cases were of septicemia form, while the rest were of chronic form with abscesses in different organs. all the isolates were intrinsically resistant to cefazolin, cefuroxime, and gentamicin, while being rather sensitive to ampicillin/sulbactam, ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, and imipenem. a serological survey of exotoxin antibodies at different farms showed that xinglong was a farm se ... | 1998 | 9802565 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei: the unbeatable foe? | although melioidosis has been recognized in thailand for many years and considerable progress in term of diagnosis and treatment was achieved, b. pseudomallei is still "the unbeatable foe", for several reasons as outlined here: under-recognition, high case-fatality rate, unacceptable relapse rate and a "time-bomb" for sero-positive patients. melioidosis is largely restricted to certain geographical areas. in thailand, it had long been considered a rare disease in thailand until ten cases with cu ... | 1998 | 9886137 |
| antigenic differences between clinical and environmental isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a free-living organism that causes the potentially lethal tropical infection melioidosis. the disease is endemic in many parts of eastern asia and northern australia. the presence of two distinct biotypes in soil can be reliably distinguished by their ability to assimilate l-arabinose. whereas some soil isolates could utilize this substrate (ara+), the remaining soil isolates and all clinical isolates tested so far could not (ara-). only the ara- isolates were virule ... | 1998 | 9886145 |
| neonatal meningitis and septicaemia caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. | we report a case of meningitis and one of fatal septicaemia in neonates due to burkholderia pseudomallei and review the literature on neonatal melioidosis. pneumonia was the primary presentation and was complicated by shock in the latter case. the epidemiological findings suggest that the cases reported from malaysia were community-acquired in contrast with those from the usa and thailand. | 1998 | 9924578 |
| dry-season outbreak of melioidosis in western australia. | | 1998 | 9843113 |
| rapid identification of burkholderia pseudomallei by latex agglutination based on an exopolysaccharide-specific monoclonal antibody. | we recently identified a constitutively expressed exopolysaccharide of burkholderia pseudomallei which is composed of a unique linear tetrasaccharide repeating unit consisting of three galactose residues and one 3-deoxy-d-manno-2-octulosonic acid residue. in this study we developed a latex agglutination test based on monoclonal antibody 3015, which is specific for this exopolysaccharide, and evaluated this test for rapid identification of b. pseudomallei grown on agar plates. all 74 environmenta ... | 1999 | 9854098 |
| flagellin gene variation between clinical and environmental isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei contrasts with the invariance among clinical isolates. | the flagellin gene sequence from a clinical isolate of burkholderia pseudomallei was used to design oligonucleotide primers for pcr/rflp analysis of flagellin gene variation among clinical and environmental isolates of b. pseudomallei. genes from four clinical and six environmental isolates were amplified and compared by rflp. the clinical isolates were indistinguishable, but variation was detected among some of the environmental isolates. sequence analysis of flagellin gene amplified products d ... | 1998 | 9877189 |
| [isolation and primary characteristics of a pseudomonas (burkholderia) pseudomallei plasmid]. | plasmid screening of reference pseudomonas pseudomallei strains isolated from patients and animals revealed cryptic plasmids with different molecular weights in 30 strains. plasmids were investigated by restriction analysis and dna-dna hybridization. cryptic plasmids were denoted as ppm1, pcm2, pcm3, and pcm4. the presence of plasmids in melioidosis agent permits their use for intraspecies typing of strains and for genetic studies. | 1998 | 9987750 |
| the type ii o-antigenic polysaccharide moiety of burkholderia pseudomallei lipopolysaccharide is required for serum resistance and virulence. | melioidosis, an infection caused by the gram-negative bacterial pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei, is endemic in south-east asia and northern australia. acute septicaemic melioidosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in north-east thailand. b. pseudomallei is highly resistant to the bactericidal activity of normal human serum (nhs), and we have found that b. pseudomallei 1026b multiplies in 10-30% nhs. we developed a simple screen for the identification of serum-sensitive ... | 1998 | 9988483 |
| [melioidosis]. | | 1999 | 10088387 |
| attachment of burkholderia pseudomallei to pharyngeal epithelial cells: a highly pathogenic bacteria with low attachment ability. | respiratory infections are initiated by the attachment of bacteria to pharyngeal epithelial cells. we studied the attachment of burkholderia pseudomallei to pharyngeal epithelial cells. after one, two, three, and four washes, there were 22.6+/-8.9, 15.7+/-7.0, 6.8+/-3.1, and 4.6+/-1.1 (mean+/-sd) attached bacteria/cell, respectively. if the bacterial concentration was maintained at 1 x 10(8) colony-forming units (cfu)/ml and three washes were done, at concentrations of 2.5 x 10(4), 5 x 10(4), an ... | 1999 | 9988329 |
| efflux-mediated aminoglycoside and macrolide resistance in burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is intrinsically resistant to a wide range of antimicrobial agents including beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, and polymyxins. we used tn5-ot182 to mutagenize b. pseudomallei to identify the genes involved in aminoglycoside resistance. we report here on the identification of amrab-opra, a multidrug efflux system in b. pseudomallei which is specific for both aminoglycoside and macrolide antibiotics. we isolated two transposon ... | 1999 | 10049252 |
| effects of burkholderia pseudomallei and other burkholderia species on eukaryotic cells in tissue culture. | burkholderia pseudomallei causes melioidosis, a serious and often fatal bacterial infection. b. pseudomallei can behave as a facultatively intracellular organism and this ability may be important in the pathogenesis of both acute and chronic infection. the uptake of b. pseudomallei and other burkholderia spp. by cells in tissue culture was examined by electron microscopy. b. pseudomallei can invade cultured cell lines including phagocytic lines such as raw264, j774 and u937, and non-phagocytic l ... | 1998 | 10093229 |
| melioidosis. | melioidosis is an infection with the gram-negative bacillus burkholdria pseudomallei, previous known as pseudomonas pseudomallei. we present a case report of a man with non-hodgkin's lymphoma, who after visiting indonesia presented himself with a urosepsis, with positive cultures to b. pseudomallei. melioidosis is endemic in areas of southeast asia and the northern part of australia. infection with the b. pseudomallei has a high mortality rate. diagnosis can be made on the basis of cultures, the ... | 1999 | 10079683 |
| [pulmonary melioidosis]. | melioidosis is most frequently encountered in pulmonary localization. melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei first described by whitmore in 1912 in burma. b. pseudomallei is a gram negative rod belonging to the pseudomonadaceae family. soil and water are the natural reservoirs for the germ which is a specific pathogen for several mammal species. long endemic in southeast asia and several tropical zones, b. pseudomallei has recently been found in temperate zones, ... | 1998 | 10100350 |
| pcr-rflp analysis of the flagellin sequences for identification of burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia cepacia from clinical isolates. | the flagellin genes of four burkholderia pseudomallei and two burkholderia cepacia clinical isolates were studied by a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based isolation method using the same pair of primers. the pcr-amplification products of the isolates showed a single band of about 1.1 kb, which is similar to a type ii b. cepacia flagellin reported previously. in order to distinguish these two species based on the flagellin pcr-amplified products, pst i and xho i restriction endonuclease analysi ... | 1999 | 10208800 |
| [the efficacy and outlook for the study of live vaccines for the prevention of melioidosis]. | the effect of immunization with burkholderia pseudomallei, (pur- and ts), heterologous vaccines and the recombinant culture of francisella tularensis rm2, carrying a plasmid with fragments of b. pseudomallei chromosome, was studied on four species of experimental animals, essentially differing by their sensitivity to melioidosis. b. pseudomallei mutants formed the statistically significant level of protection in subcutaneously challenged animals, moderately sensitive to melioidosis, but were not ... | 1999 | 10356737 |
| the many facets of melioidosis. | | 1999 | 10217823 |
| obligatory role of gamma interferon for host survival in a murine model of infection with burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is a gram-negative bacterium capable of causing either acute lethal sepsis or chronic but eventually fatal disease in infected individuals. however, despite the clinical importance of this infection in areas where it is endemic, there is essentially no information on the mechanisms of protective immunity to the bacterium. we describe here a murine model of either acute or chronic infection with b. pseudomallei in taylor outbred (to) ... | 1999 | 10377144 |
| phylogenetic analysis of ara+ and ara- burkholderia pseudomallei isolates and development of a multiplex pcr procedure for rapid discrimination between the two biotypes. | a burkholderia pseudomallei-like organism has recently been identified among some soil isolates of b. pseudomallei in an area with endemic melioidosis. this organism is almost identical to b. pseudomallei in terms of morphological and biochemical profiles, except that it differs in ability to assimilate l-arabinose. these ara+ isolates are also less virulent than the ara- isolates in animal models. in addition, clinical isolates of b. pseudomallei available to date are almost exclusively ara-. t ... | 1999 | 10325345 |
| characterization of a murine model of melioidosis: comparison of different strains of mice. | melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by the saprophytic gram-negative rod burkholderia pseudomallei. the aim of this study was to establish and characterize a murine model of melioidosis to provide a basis for further investigations on the pathogenesis of the disease. after intravenous infection with b. pseudomallei, c57bl/6 mice were found to be significantly more resistant than balb/c mice. there was a marked organotropism of b. pseudomallei for the spleen and liver in both strains of m ... | 1999 | 10338496 |
| molecular characterization of genetic loci required for secretion of exoproducts in burkholderia pseudomallei. | previous studies have demonstrated that burkholderia pseudomallei secretes protease, lipase, and phospholipase c (plc) into the extracellular milieu, but their mechanisms of secretion and roles in pathogenesis have not been elucidated. in this study, we isolated and characterized 29 transposon mutants unable to secrete protease, lipase, and plc. | 1999 | 10419967 |
| evidence for the presence in burkholderia pseudomallei of a type iii secretion system-associated gene cluster. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, contains a cluster of putative genes homologous to those encoding hpap, hrcq, hrcr, hrcs and hrpv in the plant pathogen ralstonia solanacearum. in r. solanacearum, these genes form part of a type iii secretion-associated pathogenicity island. the order of the genes in b. pseudomallei is directly equivalent to that found in r. solanacearum. the b. pseudomallei proteins share 49.5% (hpap), 52.6% (hrcq), 80.0% (hrcr), 72.1% (hrcs) and 4 ... | 1999 | 10403415 |
| melioidosis with adrenal gland abscess. | we report a case of melioidosis with left adrenal gland abscess in a 51-year-old man from taiwan who traveled to rangoon, burma for a four-day tour on july 15, 1997. the patient developed fever and left upper abdominal pain upon returning to taiwan on july 19, 1997. ten days after returning to taiwan, he was admitted to chang gung memorial hospital in keelung, taiwan and blood culture on admission was positive for burkholderia pseudomallei. computerized tomography of the abdomen revealed left ad ... | 1999 | 10432051 |
| an indigenous melioidosis: a case report. | melioidosis is a rare but potentially fatal infectious disease in taiwan, although it has been endemic in southeast asia, especially northeast thailand, and northern australia. in this article, we report a male diabetes with fulminant pneumonia, and septicemia caused by burkholderia pseudomallei without traveling abroad before this episode. productive cough and intermittent chills, high fever for one week, followed by progressively deteriorating dyspnea, shock, disturbed consciousness status wer ... | 1999 | 10375872 |
| surgical presentation of melioidosis in india. | melioidosis, the disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, is common in southeast asia. it has also been reported from india, where some investigators feel it is under-diagnosed and under-reported. we report our experience with melioidosis presenting as abscesses at unusual sites. | 1999 | 10416320 |
| imipenem for the treatment of melioidosis. | melioidosis is a protean disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. it is rare in the uk and is generally only seen in patients with a travel history to endemic areas such as thailand, singapore and malaysia. cases may present with disseminated bacteraemic, non-disseminated bacteraemic, multi-focal bacteraemic or localized disease. subclinical infections also occur. following acquisition of the organism a patient may remain asymptomatic for several years before infection becomes clinically app ... | 1999 | 10461846 |
| [burkholderia mallei and burkholderia pseudomallei. study of immuno- and pathogenesis of glanders and melioidosis. heterologous vaccines]. | parameters of the infectious activity of b.mallei and b.pseudomallei for animals of various species were determined. pathomorphological characteristics of the process of malleus and melioidosis were studied on golden hamsters, mice, guinea pigs, rats and monkeys. tularemia, plague and salmonellosis vaccines were shown to have protective effects in experimental malleus and melioidosis. an insignificant cross immune response between the malleus and melioidosis pathogens was observed. | 1999 | 10422574 |
| spinal cord disease due to melioidosis. | | 1999 | 10450444 |
| a deadly thorn: a case of imported melioidosis. | | 1999 | 10459942 |
| combination antimicrobial therapy of acute burkholderia pseudomallei infection in a mouse model. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a disease endemic in tropical and subtropical regions of south-east asia and northern australia. antimicrobial therapy regimens for treatment of acute septicemic melioidosis are of variable efficacy. ceftazidime is the current antibiotic of choice and is commonly administered with other agents such as cotrimoxazole or doxycycline. the emergence of resistant strains of b. pseudomallei and the persistence of high mortality rates prom ... | 1999 | 10503275 |
| [case of melioidosis associated with acute empyema and cellulitis of the leg]. | | 1999 | 10465956 |
| rapid identification of burkholderia pseudomallei in blood cultures by a monoclonal antibody assay. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis. in northeast thailand, this gram-negative bacterium is a major cause of mortality from septicemia. the definitive diagnosis of this disease is made by bacterial culture. in this study, we produced a monoclonal antibody (mab) specific to the 30-kda protein of b. pseudomallei by in vivo and in vitro immunization of balb/c mice with a crude culture filtrate antigen. the mab could directly agglutinate with all 243 clinical isolates of ... | 1999 | 10523570 |
| cloning and characterization of a nonhemolytic phospholipase c gene from burkholderia pseudomallei. | we cloned and characterized a phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase c (pc-plc) gene from burkholderia pseudomallei. dna sequence analysis of the gene indicated an open reading frame coding for 700 amino acids with a 34-amino-acid signal peptide. when cleaved, this yields a secreted 73-kda mature protein. the deduced amino acid sequence exhibited 48% similarity to that of a nonhemolytic plc from pseudomonas aeruginosa. the expressed pc-plc was heat stable, nonhemolytic for sheep erythrocy ... | 1999 | 10523590 |
| melioidosis in southern vietnam: clinical surveillance and environmental sampling. | from 1992-1998, burkholderia pseudomallei was isolated from only 9 (0.25%) of 3653 cultures of blood from febrile patients admitted to the centre for tropical diseases in ho chi minh city, an infectious disease referral center for southern vietnam. soil was sampled from 407 sites in 147 rice fields along the 5 major roads radiating from ho chi minh city. b. pseudomallei was isolated from 73 sites (18%) in 39 rice fields (27%), but only 15 (21%) of the 71 isolates from 9 (6%) of 147 fields were t ... | 1999 | 10524986 |
| epidemiology of burkholderia pseudomallei in thailand. | the distribution of burkholderia pseudomallei in soil collected from four regions of thailand and the frequency of b. pseudomallei infections in patients attending government hospitals throughout thailand in 1997 were surveyed. a total of 3,585 soil samples collected from 896 sites in four regions of thailand were cultured for b. pseudomallei using selective enrichment broth and modified ashdown's agar. the organism was recovered in 4.4%, 6.1%, 20.4%, and 5.9% of the soil samples collected from ... | 1999 | 10466977 |
| mediation of attachment of burkholderia pseudomallei to human pharyngeal epithelial cells by the asialoganglioside gm1-gm2 receptor complex. | melioidosis is the term given to any infection caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. this bacteria is one of the important causative agents of life-threatening pulmonary infections in the tropical and subtropical areas. the initiation of respiratory infections is attachment of this bacteria to pharyngeal cells. the precise mechanism of attachment of b. pseudomallei is not known. in this study, we found that asialoganglioside gm1 at concentrations of 25, 12.5, and 5 microg/ml significantly decreas ... | 1999 | 10497993 |
| convenient and versatile dna extraction using agarose plugs for ribotyping of problematic bacterial species. | we describe a convenient, versatile and safe method for preparing bacterial dna for ribotyping analysis. in this method, extraction of bacterial dna from salmnonella typhi and burkholderia pseudomallei. and subsequent restriction endonuclease digestion, was performed in agarose blocks/plugs thus minimizing shearing and loss of dna, problems commonly associated with liquid phase phenol extraction. digested dna in the plugs was then electrophoresed directly, transferred to nylon membranes and hybr ... | 1999 | 10520586 |
| differences in genomic macrorestriction patterns of arabinose-positive (burkholderia thailandensis) and arabinose-negative burkholderia pseudomallei. | we reported previously two biochemically and antigenically distinct biotypes of burkholderia pseudomallei. these two distinct biotypes could be distinguished by their ability to assimilate l-arabinose. some b. pseudomallei isolated from soil samples could utilize this substrate (ara+), whereas the other soil isolates and all clinical isolates could not (ara-). only the ara isolates were virulent in animals and reacted with monoclonal antibody directed at the surface envelope, most likely the exo ... | 1999 | 10529102 |
| in vitro susceptibilities of burkholderia mallei in comparison to those of other pathogenic burkholderia spp. | the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibilities of isolates of burkholderia mallei to 16 antibiotics were assessed and compared with the susceptibilities of burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia cepacia. the antibiotic susceptibility profile of b. mallei resembled that of b. pseudomallei more closely than that of b. cepacia, which corresponds to their similarities in terms of biochemistry, antigenicity, and pathogenicity. ceftazidime, imipenem, doxycycline, and ciprofloxacin were active against ... | 1999 | 10543761 |
| aminoglycoside and macrolide resistance in burkholderia pseudomallei. | | 1999 | 10577350 |
| isolation of polymyxin b-susceptible mutants of burkholderia pseudomallei and molecular characterization of genetic loci involved in polymyxin b resistance. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a gram-negative bacterium that causes the disease known as melioidosis. this pathogen is endemic to southeast asia and northern australia and is particularly problematic in northeastern thailand. it has been previously reported that b. pseudomallei is resistant to the killing action of cationic antimicrobial peptides, including human neutrophil peptide, protamine sulfate, poly-l-lysine, magainins, and polymyxins. recently, we have also found that the virulent clinica ... | 1999 | 10543742 |
| elevated plasma concentrations of interferon (ifn)-gamma and the ifn-gamma-inducing cytokines interleukin (il)-18, il-12, and il-15 in severe melioidosis. | interferon (ifn)-gamma plays an important role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. production of ifn-gamma is stimulated by synergistic effects of interleukin (il)-18, il-12, and il-15. to investigate the regulation of ifn-gamma production during severe gram-negative infection, the plasma concentrations of ifn-gamma, il-18, il-12, and il-15 were measured in 83 patients with suspected melioidosis. the diagnosis was confirmed in 62 patients, 31 of whom had blood cultures positive for burkholderia pseud ... | 1999 | 10558944 |
| rapid identification of burkholderia pseudomallei in blood cultures by latex agglutination using lipopolysaccharide-specific monoclonal antibody. | melioidosis, an infection caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, is endemic in southeast asia. the septicemic form of melioidosis is the leading cause of death due to community-acquired bacteremia in the northeastern part of thailand. the delay in isolation and identification of the causative organism is a major contributing factor to the high mortality. the present study describes the evaluation of a latex agglutination test for rapid identification of the bacteria directly from blood cultures. t ... | 1999 | 10548306 |
| short report: evaluation of a monoclonal antibody-based latex agglutination test for rapid diagnosis of septicemic melioidosis. | a monoclonal antibody (mab)-based latex agglutination (mab-la) test was developed to rapidly identify burkholderia pseudomallei in hemoculture of patients with septicemic melioidosis. the method was evaluated in a clinical situation on 396 hemocultures positive for bacterial growth, of which 75 cultures were positive for b. pseudomallei by conventional biochemical tests. the sensitivity and specificity of the mab-la test were 95% and 100%, respectively. the positive and negative predictive value ... | 1999 | 10586904 |
| antilipopolysaccharide ii: an antibody protective against fatal melioidosis. | this was a study of igg antibody responses to two s-type lipopolysaccharides (lps i and lps ii) and flagellin of burkholderia pseudomallei in patients with melioidosis. the specificity of these antibodies was 91.7%, 90.3%, and 93.8%, respectively, when compared to responses in a population where the organism is not endemic. only the level of antibody to lps ii (anti-lps ii) was significantly higher in patients who survived than in those who died, as well as in patients with nonsepticemic vs. sep ... | 1999 | 10589895 |
| species versus biotype status. | | 1999 | 10610379 |
| current studies on the pathogenesis of melioidosis. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a major cause of bacterial septicemias in many parts of the world, particularly thailand; the known geographic range of the organism appears to be enlarging as awareness of the organism and the disease it causes--melioidosis--increases. b. pseudomallei is intrinsically resistant to most antibiotics, and our knowledge of b. pseudomallei pathogenesis is lacking. thus, the long-term objective of our research is to define at a molecular level the pathogenesis by combinin ... | 1999 | 10594980 |
| an exotic pulmonary infection in thailand: melioidosis. | melioidosis is an infectious disease from burkholderia pseudomallei and is confined in specific geographic areas such as southeast asia. its highest prevalence in thailand is in the north-eastern part. most infected patients had worked paddy fields or had underlying diseases such as diabetes mellitus. melioidosis can manifest clinically, with either disseminated or localized features. in the disseminated form patients developed an acute and progressive course with septicaemia. in contrast, patie ... | 1999 | 10612579 |
| stable marker on flagellin gene sequences related to arabinose non-assimilating pathogenic burkholderia pseudomallei. | using pcr-based isolation and sequence analysis of the flagellin gene from two distinct biotypes of burkholderia pseudomallei, a 15-bp deletion was found within the variable domain of the gene in isolates capable of assimilating arabinose (ara+). this finding led to the development of a pcr-based method in order to differentiate and identify pathogenic b. pseudomallei for epidemiological study. a pair of specific primers was designed covering the 15-bp deletion region at the variable domain. pcr ... | 1999 | 10609608 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei infections. | | 2000 | 10619778 |