| melioidosis in a diabetic sailor. | melioidosis was diagnosed in a diabetic sailor who presented with a history and chest radiograph that suggested tuberculosis. melioidosis is a tropical disease with protean manifestations: from asymptomatic infection to chronic cavitary lung disease to overwhelming sepsis. the diagnosis is easily made, even in nonendemic areas when duly considered by the clinicians and microbiology laboratory. ceftazidime has dramatically improved outcomes in hospitalized patients with severe melioidosis. | 1994 | 7521816 |
| the epidemiology of melioidosis in ubon ratchatani, northeast thailand. | melioidosis, or infection with pseudomonas pseudomallei is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in south east asia and northern australia. the epidemiology of melioidosis in ubon ratchatani, northeast thailand was studied over a 5-year period from 1987 to 1991. | 1994 | 7860160 |
| [the immunodiagnosis of melioidosis by a solid-phase variant of radioimmunological analysis (ria)]. | a variant of the solid-phase radioimmunoassay (ria) has been developed for the detection of specific immunoglobulins in laboratory animals infected with pseudomonas pseudomallei. the proposed method has advantages over the indirect hemagglutination test and the enzyme immunoassay in its sensitivity and specificity. the newly developed ria variant, based on group-specific antigens 6 + d, makes it possible to classify the strain causing the disease with the asian or australian serovar of p. pseudo ... | 1994 | 7524250 |
| clinically practical seminested pcr for burkholderia pseudomallei quantitated by enzyme immunoassay with and without solution hybridization. | diagnosis of melioidosis, an infectious disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei (formerly pseudomonas pseudomallei), is made initially by antibody testing, which is not always sensitive or specific. we have developed two seminested pcr protocols combined with enzyme immunoassay (eia) to detect the conserved ribosomal regulatory region of b. pseudomallei. both pcrs used one biotinylated primer for capturing pcr products on eia plates. one system, termed solution hybridization eia (sheia), hyb ... | 1995 | 7559961 |
| cellular lipid and fatty acid compositions of burkholderia pseudomallei strains isolated from human and environment in viet nam. | viet nam is known as an endemic area of melioidosis but its etiologic agent originated in viet nam was not extensively studied. for the first time, we analyzed the cellular lipid and fatty acid compositions of 15 vietnamese isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei, 10 from humans and 5 from the environment. cellular lipid compositions were analyzed by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography on silica gel g plates. cellular fatty acid methyl esters were analyzed by gas chromatography (gc) and gas ... | 1995 | 7540251 |
| [the isolation and characteristics of cloned strains of pseudomonas pseudomallei phages]. | on the basis of museum strains of the melioidosis agent pseudomonas pseudomallei, 14 pure lines of bacteriophages were isolated belonging to morphological groups iv and v according to the classification by a. s. tikhonenko. these phages show a broad bacteriolytic range as far as museum p. pseudomallei cultures are concerned. it was determined that some phages isolated from the same melioidosis culture and belonging to the same morphological type display different bacteriolytic activity. it is de ... | 1995 | 7544671 |
| comparison of pseudomonas pseudomallei from humans, animals, soil and water by restriction endonuclease analysis. | pseudomonas pseudomallei isolates from 62 human, 17 animal, 3 soil and 3 water samples were examined by genomic dna digestion with psti. five major (re i, ii, iii, iv, v) reproducible restriction patterns were observed, with most (56/62) of the human isolates displaying re i (30/62), ii (5/62), iii (15/62), iv (4/62), v (2/62), and the animal (16/17), soil (2/3), water (3/3) isolates showing predominantly re ii profiles. six human and one soil isolates showed patterns different from those of re ... | 1995 | 7570138 |
| serology and carriage of pseudomonas pseudomallei: a prospective study in 1000 hospitalized children in northeast thailand. | throat swab cultures and indirect hemagglutination assay (iha) for pseudomonas pseudomallei were done in 1000 randomly selected children at a large hospital in northeast thailand. during 18 months, 17 children with melioidosis were admitted (0.46% of pediatric admissions excluding neonates born in the hospital). throat swab was positive for p. pseudomallei in 8 of these but in none of 1000 control children. iha seroprevalence rose at a conversion rate of 24% per year, from 12% in those 1-6 month ... | 1993 | 7678106 |
| oligonucleotide primers designed to differentiate pathogenic pseudomonads on the basis of the sequencing of genes coding for 16s-23s rrna internal transcribed spacers. | universal primers targeting conserved sequences flanking the 3' end of the 16s and the 5' end of the 23s rrna genes (rdnas) were used to amplify the 16s-23s rdna internal transcribed spacers (its) from eight species of pseudomonads which have been associated with human infections. amplicons from reference strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa, pseudomonas cepacia, pseudomonas gladioli, pseudomonas mallei, pseudomonas mendocina, pseudomonas pickettii, pseudomonas pseudomallei, and xanthomonas maltoph ... | 1995 | 7583922 |
| effect of sorbitan monolaurate polyoxyalkylene (tween 20) on the ultrastructure of some bacteria. | the ultrastructure of listeria monocytogenes, salmonella typhimurium, pseudomonas pseudomallei and pseudomonas aeruginosa treated with 0.5 and 1% tween 20 was studied by means of transmission and scanning electron microscopy. specific changes in the cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane were observed. | 1994 | 7539732 |
| ribotype analysis of pseudomonas pseudomallei isolates. | no epidemiological typing system to differentiate among pseudomonas pseudomallei isolates has been available. ribotype analysis was developed and used to examine 74 clinical and 10 environmental isolates of p. pseudomallei from thailand. six p. pseudomallei ribotypes were identified from restriction fragment polymorphisms of ecori chromosomal digests. the predominant ribotype, a, was found in 59 of the isolates examined. by using patterns from hybridizations with sali, hindiii, and psti restrict ... | 1993 | 7679401 |
| pulmonary melioidosis. | melioidosis is the name given to all diseases caused by the bacterium pseudomonas pseudomallei. melioidosis is a tropical disease and prevails in parts of southeast asia, northern australia, and central and south america. however, in recent years, cases of melioidosis have been reported in the united states and other areas. the organism can infect any organ system, although the lung is the most common organ affected. pulmonary melioidosis presents either as an acute fulminant pneumonia or as an ... | 1995 | 7587451 |
| latex agglutination test for identification of pseudomonas pseudomallei. | a latex agglutination test was developed and evaluated for the rapid presumptive identification of pseudomonas pseudomallei, the causative organism of melioidosis. the test was 100% sensitive for 52 isolates of ps pseudomallei and 100% specific when tested with other medically important pseudomonas species and enterobacteriaceae. a subsequent field trial, with clinical specimens from patients with suspected melioidosis, confirmed the sensitivity and specificity of the test. | 1993 | 7684405 |
| identification of specific antigens of pseudomonas pseudomallei and evaluation of their efficacies for diagnosis of melioidosis. | current methods for the diagnosis of melioidosis are based on bacteriological culture. a number of serological tests currently available lack specificity and sensitivity. this is largely due to the use of crude antigens which results in a significant cross-reactivity with sera from individuals infected with other bacteria. in this study five different antigens were prepared and evaluated for their potential usefulness in diagnosis of melioidosis. these included a 19.5-kda antigen which was previ ... | 1993 | 7684750 |
| relationships among pseudomonas pseudomallei isolates from patients with recurrent melioidosis. | patients with melioidosis may present with recurrent infections after clinical resolution of their primary illness. because there has been no satisfactory typing scheme for pseudomonas pseudomallei, recrudescence could not be distinguished from reinfection. we determined the strain identity of primary and relapse isolates of p. pseudomallei from 25 patients with culture-proven melioidosis to answer whether secondary infections were due to the initial infecting strain or to the acquisition of a n ... | 1993 | 7686185 |
| survival of pseudomonas pseudomallei strains at 5 degrees c. | the ability of 15 pseudomonas pseudomallei strains of different origin to survive at 5 degrees c was tested, in comparison with the type strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa and pseudomonas cepacia. viable cells of each strain were suspended in tryptic soy broth (diluted 1:10) at a concentration of about 10(6) cfu/ml. the suspensions were kept at 5 degrees c, and the number of viable cells was determined by counting colonies every 10 days. four strains of p. pseudomallei, including the type strain ... | 1993 | 7686201 |
| interaction of insulin with pseudomonas pseudomallei. | pseudomonas pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a disease being increasingly recognized as an important cause of morbidity and mortality in many regions of the world. an intriguing observation regarding melioidosis is that a significant percentage of patients who develop the disease have preexisting diabetes mellitus. in this regard, we have tested the hypothesis that insulin may modulate the growth of p. pseudomallei. we have demonstrated that insulin markedly inhibits the growt ... | 1993 | 7691742 |
| [pulmonary melioidosis. report of 4 cases and literature reviewed]. | in this report, we present 4 patients with pulmonary melioidosis. the literatures on epidemiology, clinical manifestation, roentogenology, diagnosis and therapeutics of melioidosis are reviewed. | 1994 | 7530604 |
| molecular typing of pseudomonas pseudomallei: restriction fragment length polymorphisms of rrna genes. | the aim of this study was to develop a typing scheme for pseudomonas pseudomallei by comparison of patterns of restriction fragment length polymorphisms in rrna genes (ribotyping). bamhi restriction digests of 100 isolates from various animal (34), human (58), and environmental (6) sources, including six reference strains, were hybridized to escherichia coli 16s and 23s rrnas. a chemiluminescent labelling and detection system was used to visualize bands. on the basis of patterns, the strains wer ... | 1993 | 7681436 |
| ability of pseudomonas pseudomallei malleobactin to acquire transferrin-bound, lactoferrin-bound, and cell-derived iron. | the ability of malleobactin to mobilize iron from transferrin and lactoferrin was examined in an equilibrium dialysis assay in the absence of bacteria. malleobactin was capable of removing iron from both transferrin and lactoferrin at ph values of 7.4, 6.0, and 5.0. however, the levels of iron mobilization were greater for transferrin than for lactoferrin at all the ph values used in the assay. the ability of pseudomonas pseudomallei to acquire iron from 30% iron-saturated transferrin and k562 h ... | 1993 | 7678587 |
| the histopathology of human melioidosis. | we examined human tissues infected by burkholderia (pseudomonas) pseudomallei which is endemic in malaysia to study the types of inflammation invoked, and to look for histopathological clues to its diagnosis. the lesions which varied from acute to chronic granulomatous inflammation were not tissue-specific. in five autopsy cases, the inflammation was usually a focal or diffuse, acute necrotising inflammation with varying numbers of neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes and 'giant cells'. the 'gi ... | 1995 | 7713483 |
| localised melioidotic osteomyelitis. | melioidosis is an uncommon infection caused by a gram-negative bacillus, pseudomonas pseudomallei. only a few case reports of orthopaedic infection have been published in english, and most were of isolated septic arthritis or secondary to melioidosis of another organ. we have reviewed ten patients with localised melioidotic osteomyelitis; six had underlying conditions. we discuss the importance of obtaining a bacteriological diagnosis, and of surgical debridement as well as appropriate antibioti ... | 1995 | 7744934 |
| chronic osteomyelitis due to burkholderia pseudomallei. | | 1995 | 7752966 |
| elevated serum procalcitonin levels in patients with melioidosis. | the prognostic value of serum procalcitonin levels in 43 patients with acute melioidosis, an infection with a wide range of clinical manifestations, was assessed. in eight patients with mild localized infections, the median procalcitonin levels were 0.13 ng/ml (range, 0.02-0.46 ng/ml), which were similar to those in 19 healthy controls (median, 0.07 ng/ml; range, 0.03-0.15 ng/ml). in the patients with severe infections, the initial procalcitonin levels were significantly higher in the patients w ... | 1995 | 7756489 |
| immunofluorescence microscopy for the rapid diagnosis of melioidosis. | a direct immunofluorescent antibody test (dif) was developed for the rapid diagnosis of melioidosis, a potentially fatal infection caused by pseudomonas pseudomallei. in a clinical evaluation of 369 sputum, pus, or urine specimens from 272 patients with suspected melioidosis, the dif had a sensitivity of 73% and a specificity of 99% compared with culture. using this dif, a confident diagnosis of melioidosis can now be made within two hours of admission to hospital, compared with the delay of two ... | 1994 | 8027383 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei and indian plague-like illness. | | 1995 | 7564697 |
| the 1990-1991 outbreak of melioidosis in the northern territory of australia: clinical aspects. | from november 1990 to june 1991, 33 cases of acute melioidosis were diagnosed in tropical northern territory, australia during an exceptionally wet monsoon. eighteen (55%) were alcoholic, 16 (48%) diabetic and only 4 (12%, all survivors) had no risk factors. twenty-seven (82%) were considered recent infection, with an incubation period of 3-21 days (mean 14) documented in eight cases with presumed cutaneous inoculation. fourteen patients presented with pneumonia (4 septicemic) and of 11 others w ... | 1993 | 8160049 |
| [spontaneous phage production in pseudomonas pseudomallei and in a range of hosts of melioidosis phages among representatives in the genus pseudomonas]. | a capacity to spontaneous phage production has been studied in 57 melioidosis museum strains. the strains were comparatively analyzed by the levels of frequencies of spontaneous phage production. it is established that 40 of 57 studied strains of pseudomonas pseudomallei are capable to spontaneously produce phages with frequency from 10(7) to 1. on the indicator lawn of p. mallei phages formed negative colonies of different morphology transparent, turbid and turbid with secondary growth in the c ... | 1993 | 7693232 |
| [transduction of pseudomonas mallei bacteria]. | the transducing ability of 17 pseudomonas pseudomallei bacteriophages has been studied. five of them were found to be capable of transducing the transposon tn7 markers tpr, smr into the strain pseudomonas mallei c-5. the transduced bacterial recipients became lysogenic and acquired resistance to trimethoprim and streptomycin. transduction of transposon tn7 has been confirmed by dna-dna hybridization. | 1993 | 8396725 |
| epidemiology of sudden unexpected death syndrome among thai migrant workers in singapore. | a total of 235 cases of sudden unexpected death syndrome (suds) among apparently healthy male thai migrant workers in singapore were reported between 1982 and 1990. most of the deaths occurred during sleep and 13% were not sleep-related. the median age at the time of death was 33 years and the median interval between arrival and death was 8 months. these deaths occurred singly and sporadically throughout the year. post-mortem examination revealed few abnormal findings except for haemorrhagic con ... | 1993 | 8449652 |
| chronic melioidosis: a report of the first case in japan. | a 41-year-old japanese male with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and alcoholic liver dysfunction developed melioidosis after his business trip to indonesia and singapore in 1988. his disease started with spiked fever on the following day after extraction of a tooth, and a liver abscess developed, followed by abscesses in the spleen and in the subphrenic space. in spite of splenectomy and intensive antimicrobial treatments for three months, he developed parotitis, prostatitis, and abscess of the r ... | 1993 | 8468500 |
| [pseudomonas pseudomallei and pseudomonas mallei--capsule-forming bacteria]. | the specific features of the submicroscopic structure of the causative agents of melioidosis and glanders, grown in culture media and at the initial stages of experimental infection in guinea pigs and golden hamsters, were studied with the use of electronic cytochemistry and immunocytochemistry. p. pseudomallei and p. mallei were found to be capsule-forming bacteria. according to the data obtained with the use of electronic cytochemistry, the basis of the capsular substance p. pseudomallei and p ... | 1995 | 8525729 |
| melioidosis in a goat. | melioidosis was diagnosed in an adult boer goat ewe. the owner initially noticed swelling of one half of the udder. several firm nodules developed in the affected part of the udder 2 weeks later. at necropsy, abscesses containing a creamy to yellowish-green exudate were found in the mammary gland and one of the kidneys. pure cultures of pseudomonas pseudomallei were isolated from the abscesses in the udder and inoculation of male guinea-pigs with the causative bacterium, produced a shwartzman re ... | 1995 | 8544164 |
| electron microscopy study of the mode of growth of pseudomonas pseudomallei in vitro and in vivo. | the mode of growth of pseudomonas pseudomallei in culture media and in the lung tissue of infected humans and animals was studied using transmission electron microscopy (tem) and scanning electron microscopy (sem). in culture media, p. pseudomallei cells were seen to be entrapped in microcolonies within large amounts of intercellular fibrous material. the lung tissue of infected humans and animals showed that bacterial cells growing in lung tissue were surrounded by radially arranged fibres that ... | 1995 | 8544219 |
| musculoskeletal melioidosis: clinical and imaging features. | melioidosis is a tropical infection caused by a gram-negative bacillus, pseudomonas pseudomallei. the disease manifests initially as localized suppurative lesions and can progress to acute disseminated septicemia with 65-90% mortality if inadequately treated. musculoskeletal involvement is common. the purpose of this study was to describe the clinical features and imaging appearances of musculoskeletal melioidosis. | 1995 | 8545645 |
| resistance of pseudomonas pseudomallei growing as a biofilm on silastic discs to ceftazidime and co-trimoxazole. | we have examined the resistance of pseudomonas pseudomallei biofilm cells to ceftazidime and cotrimoxazole. a large number of these biofilm cells remained viable at 12 and at 24 h, except in the biofilm treated with 200 times the mic of ceftazidime. the inherent resistance of p. pseudomallei biofilms to conventional antibiotics may explain the lack of success in the treatment of the chronic manifestations of this bacterial infection. | 1993 | 7694545 |
| serodiagnosis of melioidosis in malaysia. | current diagnosis of melioidosis is based on bacterial culture and/or serology which is becoming increasingly useful. an igm-elisa using heat-killed whole cells of pseudomonas pseudomallei was developed and compared with an indirect haemagglutination technique (ihat) and an indirect immunofluorescent technique(ifat). the igm-elisa using a p:n ratio of > or = 2 had a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 96%. all 3 assays were further used in a seroepidemiological survey amongst different group ... | 1995 | 8553097 |
| [monoclonal antibodies in the differentiation of pseudomonas mallei and pseudomonas pseudomallei]. | | 1995 | 8553724 |
| [the acid exopolysaccharide of the causative agent of melioidosis]. | | 1995 | 8553726 |
| [the production of hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies to the causative agent of melioidosis by using antigen-stimulated lymphocytes in an in-vitro system]. | | 1995 | 8553782 |
| musculoskeletal melioidosis. | during a four-year period, twenty-one patients were found to have melioidosis of the musculoskeletal system caused by pseudomonas pseudomallei. the melioidotic patients were matched with thirty-nine patients who had a musculoskeletal infection due to some other organism, and the two groups were compared with regard to the presence of concurrent disease. the indirect hemagglutination test for melioidosis was positive for all of the melioidotic patients; in thirteen, cultures also were positive. f ... | 1993 | 8258552 |
| in vitro activity of sparfloxacin against selected enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonaceae including ps. pseudomallei (melioidosis). | | 1995 | 8904106 |
| in vitro activity of tosufloxacin against pseudomonas pseudomallei, salmonella spp. and other enterobacteriaceae. | | 1995 | 8549324 |
| cloning and sequencing of the genes involved in glyphosate utilization by pseudomonas pseudomallei. | thirty-four strains of pseudomonas pseudomallei isolated from soil were selected for their ability to degrade the phosphonate herbicide glyphosate. all strains tested were able to grow on glyphosate as the only phosphorus source without the addition of aromatic amino acids. one of these strains, p. pseudomallei 22, showed 50% glyphosate degradation in 40 h in glyphosate medium. from a genomic library of this strain constructed in puc19, we have isolated a plasmid carrying a 3.0-kb dna fragment w ... | 1995 | 7574593 |
| survival of burkholderia pseudomallei in the absence of nutrients. | | 1995 | 8560519 |
| quantitative recovery of burkholderia pseudomallei from soil in thailand. | melioidosis is common in north-eastern thailand, but is reported rarely from the adjacent areas of central thailand, although rice farming is common to both regions. quantitative soil cultures for burkholderia pseudomallei were therefore prepared on 12 rice farms in both regions. b. pseudomallei was isolated from a similar proportion of rice fields in the central region (6/12) and in the north-east (7/12). within the culture-positive sites, the number of b. pseudomallei colony-forming units (cfu ... | 1995 | 8560518 |
| short report: electron microscopic demonstration of extracellular structure of burkholderia pseudomallei. | the occurrence of latency and relapse in human melioidosis suggests adaptations by burkholderia pseudomallei that help to avoid the human immune response. ruthenium red-stained preparations of bacterial cultures viewed by electron microscopy revealed three morphologically distinct variants; one with a very marked and another with a less electron-dense layer surrounding the cell wall, and a third variety devoid of such a structure. this structure may be attributable to a layer of polysaccharide, ... | 1996 | 8600773 |
| [specific immune complexes and neutrophil injury test in the diagnosis of experimental glanders and melioidosis]. | the authors have demonstrated the possibility of using solid-phase enzyme immunoassay to detect specific circulating immune complexes without their preliminary separation in guinea pigs infected with pseudomonas mallei and pseudomonas pseudomallei. they have examined the prospects of using neutrophil injury test and solid-phase enzyme immunoassay for the detection of specific immune complexes as additional tests used to predict the outcome of an infectious process in glanders and melioidosis. | 1994 | 7894914 |
| intracellular survival of burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a disease being increasingly recognized as an important cause of morbidity and mortality in many regions of the world. several features of melioidosis suggest that b. pseudomallei is a facultative intracellular pathogen. this study was designed to assess the ability of b. pseudomallei to invade and survive in eukaryotic cells. we have shown that b. pseudomallei has the capacity to invade cultured cell lines, including hela, cho, a5 ... | 1996 | 8641782 |
| [the outlook for improving the immunoglobulin preparations for the detection and identification of the causative agents of glanders and melioidosis]. | the paper summarizes the data concerning the production and study of monoclonal antibodies (mab) to the diagnostically significant glanders and melioidosis bacillus antigens. it evaluates the efficiency of using mab in the gel immunodiffusion and agglutination tests as a basis of new-generation preparations for fluorescent antibody assay, indirect hemagglutination test which are used while detecting and identifying pathogenic pseudomonads. the paper defines the quality indices for monoclonal lum ... | 1995 | 8587520 |
| structural and immunological characterization of burkholderia pseudomallei o-polysaccharide-flagellin protein conjugates. | the o-polysaccharide moiety of burkholderia pseudomallei 319a lipopolysaccharide was covalently linked to flagellin protein isolated from the same strain. a glycoconjugate incorporating adipic acid dihydrazide as a spacer molecule elicited high-titer immunoglobulin g responses to both the protein and carbohydrate components of the construct. this immunoglobulin g was capable of protecting diabetic rats from challenge with a heterologous b. pseudomallei strain. | 1996 | 8698517 |
| burkholder meningitis. | we report two cases of burkholder meningitis. case 1 presented with subacute lymphocytic meningitis, low sugar profile in csf and positive culture for burkholder. case 2 presented with purulent meningitis that emerged during treatment of cryptococcal meningitis which, to our knowledge, has not been reported. thus, burkholder should be considered as one of the etiologic agents in this clinical setting. | 1996 | 8708515 |
| severe community-acquired pneumonia in singapore. | there has been no previous study documenting the aetiology and prognosis of severe community-acquired pneumonia in singapore. patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia (scap) needing admission to a medical intensive care unit in singapore were studied retrospectively. | 1996 | 8993135 |
| [a methodology for determining reservoirs of the causative agents of sapronoses]. | comparative ecological strategy for choosing the causative agents of melioidosis and glanders, pseudotuberculosis and plague after mcarthur [correction of macartura] and wilson were studied. the kinetic analysis of the populations of these bacilli in the steppe neocultured chestnut soil formed a basis of the study with the consideration of data on their growth and death in artificial culture media. to identify the types of selection, the authors defined the rate of growth, the level of populatio ... | 1995 | 8587519 |
| an immunohistochemical method for the diagnosis of melioidosis. | in order to assess the usefulness of immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of melioidosis, an infection by burkholderia pseudomallei, polyclonal antibodies were applied to tissues from known cases of melioidosis and to other infected tissues. formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues were stained by a modified immunoperoxidase technique. in autopsy tissues with inflammatory lesions of melioidosis, the cytoplasm of phagocytes and intact bacilli, both intra- and extracellular, were stained very st ... | 1996 | 8743829 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using a glycolipid antigen for the serodiagnosis of melioidosis. | the serodiagnosis of melioidosis is commonly performed with tests using protein or polysaccharide as antigen. however, due to the low sensitivity, specificity and difficulty in the preparation of the antigens, more simple, precise and reproducible diagnostic tests were required. a purified glycolipid antigen (gl) which is a specific lipid component of burkholderia pseudomallei has been used in an elisa. with this antigen, specific immunoglobulin g (igg) was detected in 49 out of 50 melioidosis s ... | 1995 | 8745012 |
| prognostic significance of quantitative bacteremia in septicemic melioidosis. | pour-plate blood cultures were performed for 418 adult patients with suspected septicemic melioidosis in order to determine the relationship between quantitative bacterial counts in blood and mortality. of 108 patients whose hemocultures yielded burkholderia pseudomallei, 53% had < 10 cfu/ml and 24% had > 100 cfu/ml. high blood bacterial counts were more common than reported previously with regard to other gram-negative septicemias and were significantly associated with the development of hypote ... | 1995 | 8749644 |
| experimental melioidosis in hens. | experimental intramuscular infection of hens with pseudomonas pseudomallei, strain 2796 (1 x 10(9) cfu from a 24-h culture) was reproduced. clinical, paraclinical and pathomorphological findings were followed from 1 to 30 days after challenge. haemagglutinin titre, bacterial dissemination in the viscera, number of leucocytes, alveolar (ama) and peritoneal (pma) macrophages and their phagocytic activity in vitro were studied. during the course of infection a leucocytosis as well as an increased h ... | 1996 | 8794700 |
| rapid antigen detection assay for identification of burkholderia (pseudomonas) pseudomallei infection. | a simple antigen detection test was developed for rapid diagnosis of melioidosis caused by burkholderia (pseudomonas) pseudomallei infection. the method was based on the use of a specific monoclonal antibody in a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to capture antigen in clinical specimens culture positive for b. pseudomallei. the results showed the sensitivity and specificity of the test to be 75 and 98%, respectively. | 1996 | 8815121 |
| [thermostable pseudomonas pseudomallei hemolysin]. | the chemical nature of thermostable p.pseudomallei hemolysin has been determined. this substance is glycolipid, synthesized by bacteria at the stationary phase of growth under the conditions of the prevalence of the source of carbon over the source of nitrogen in the nutrient medium. the hemolytic activity of thermostable hemolysin has a delayed character and is more pronounced in p.pseudomallei r-forms. | 1996 | 8820670 |
| [the immune response to pseudomonas pseudomallei in vitro]. | the results of studies made with the aim of selecting conditions for inducing immune response to p.pseudomallei are presented. the study revealed that the dose of the antigen, the amount of macrophages and the development of the process in stages are the decisive factors for inducing immune response. the proliferation of macrophages till their predominance in the culture was found to depend on the dose of the antigen. some mitogens increased the antigen-induced proliferation of macrophages. the ... | 1996 | 8820682 |
| laboratory investigation of ecological factors influencing the environmental presence of burkholderia pseudomallei. | factors like temperature, ph value, water content in soil, and ultraviolet rays that might have influence on the survival of environmental burkholderia pseudomallei strains were evaluated. data showed that the optimal temperature and ph value for b. pseudomallei were 24 c to 32 c and 5 to 8, respectively. water content in soil of less than 10% brought about the death of the bacteria within 70 days, while water content of more than 40% maintained bacteria life for 726 days. the bacteria were easi ... | 1996 | 8839431 |
| ultrastructural characteristics of some bacteria after treatment with lubrol w. | specific ultrastructural changes occurred mainly in the cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane of listeria monocytogenes, salmonella typhimurium, pseudomonas pseudomallei and pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria when treated with 0.5% and 1% lubrol w1 by means of transmission and scanning electron microscopy. | 1994 | 7700161 |
| experimental melioidosis in inbred mouse strains. | experimental infection was induced in three inbred mouse strains (balb/c, bdf1 hybrid and c57bl) by i. p. inoculation with pseudomonas pseudomallei. the bacterial load in the viscera and the host response induced in different compartments (blood, peritoneal cavity and organs) were determined. blood cell parameters and peritoneal exudative cell populations were evaluated during the infection with the aid of an automated haematology analyser technicon h-1. it was found that all mouse strains produ ... | 1996 | 8861874 |
| immunobiological diagnosis of tropical ocular diseases: toxocara, pythium insidiosum, pseudomonas (burkholderia) pseudomallei, mycobacterium chelonei and toxoplasma gondii. | of the sera obtained from 18 patients with ocular diseases comprising ocular larva migrans (olm), toxoplasma gondii, mycobacterium chelonei, pythium insidiosum bacteria and tumour, 3 sera were positive for toxocara antibody at the titre over 1/1600 elisa. all 3 of these sera came from males with unilateral grayish fundi. we demonstrated the value of the direct immunofluorescent assay (difa) on vitreous specimens from 7 cases of toxoplasma retinitis. one vitreous specimen under electronmicroscopi ... | 1996 | 8880376 |
| detection of burkholderia pseudomallei dna in patients with septicemic melioidosis. | septicemic melioidosis is the most severe form of melioidosis, which is caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. it is endemic in southeast asia and is the leading cause of death from community-acquired septicemia in northeast thailand. a major factor that contributes to the high mortality is the delay in isolation and identification of the causative organism. more than half of the patients die within the first 2 days after hospital admission, before bacterial cultures become positive. the present s ... | 1996 | 8904424 |
| melioidosis: a rare but not forgotten cause of fever of unknown origin. | melioidosis is widely prevalent in southeast asia and northern australia. although it is believed to pose no current threat to the populations of developed countries, the increased mobility of people around the world and of southeast asian refugees to western countries may change this. its long incubation period may put a relatively large number of currently asymptomatic people at risk. it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any febrile illness in a person who has visited an en ... | 1996 | 8731654 |
| transformation of burkholderia pseudomallei by electroporation. | conditions were defined for the successful transformation of the human pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei 4845 by electroporation, using the incq plasmid pkt230. we have obtained frequencies of up to 8 x 10(3) transformants per microgram plasmid dna with freshly prepared electrocompetent b. pseudomallei. the method also allows for easy and reproducible production of frozen cell suspensions which can produce efficiencies up to 2.5 x 10(2) transformants per microgram of plasmid dna. kanamycin had ... | 1996 | 8923967 |
| emerging & re-emerging bacterial pathogens in india. | in spite of major successes against infectious diseases in the 20th century, new infectious diseases have emerged and old ones re-emerged in recent decades in different parts of the world. a brief survey of emerging and re-emerging bacterial diseases of public health importance in india is presented in this paper. plague re-appeared in two outbreaks in maharashtra and gujarat in 1994, indicating a breakdown of the public health measures that had prevented its occurrence for several decades. lept ... | 1996 | 8926026 |
| melioidosis in india: the tip of the iceberg? | diagnosis of melioidosis by the isolation of burkholderia pseudomallei from one or more body fluid/tissue specimens of 6 indian subjects, 5 of whom had not travelled outside india, is reported. the places of residence of these 6 and one patient previously reported, namely tripura (2), kerala (2), orissa (1), tamil nadu (1) and maharashtra (1) are therefore potentially endemic for melioidosis. b.pseudomallei closely resembles common contaminant pseudomonas sp. and are easily mis-identified in mic ... | 1996 | 8926030 |
| postantibiotic effects and burkholderia (pseudomonas) pseudomallei: evaluation of current treatment. | the postantibiotic effects (paes) of 16 antibiotics or antibiotic combinations currently used against burkholderia (pseudomonas) pseudomallei were determined. the beta-lactams had zero paes, while the carbapenems and ciprofloxacin induced median paes of 1 and 5 h, respectively. these results emphasize the need to maintain antibiotic levels above inhibitory concentrations in blood throughout the dosing interval in cases of severe melioidosis. | 1995 | 8619598 |
| two patients with recurrent melioidosis after prolonged antibiotic therapy. | melioidosis is a tropical infectious disease caused by burkholderia (pseudomonas) pseudomalleï. clinically manifest melioidosis occurs mostly in people with underlying disorders. melioidosis is a disease with protein manifestations and a high rate of relapse. two patients with infection due to burkholderia pseudomalleï after a visit to thailand are described. both patients presented with sepsis and appropriate therapy was initiated and continued for several months. despite such long-term antimic ... | 1997 | 9181661 |
| use of culture-filtrated antigen in an elisa and a dot immunoassay for the diagnosis of melioidosis. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and a dot immunoassay with culture-filtrated antigen were developed for detection of burkholderia pseudomallei specific antibodies in melioidosis patients. sixty-eight sera of bacteriologically confirmed melioidosis patients, 45 sera of other bacterial infected patients and 80 sera of healthy blood donors from endemic area were investigated. the samples were subjected to those assays im comparison with indirect hemagglutination (iha). the sensitivity, ... | 1995 | 8629069 |
| biochemical characteristics of clinical and environmental isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei. | the biochemical characteristics of 213 isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei from patients with melioidosis and 140 isolates from the soil in central and northeastern thailand were compared. whereas the biochemical profiles of all the clinical isolates were similar, all soil isolates from the central area and 25% of isolates from northeastern thailand comprised a different phenotype. this was characterised by the ability to assimilate l-arabinose (100%), adonitol (100%), 5-keto-gluconate (90%) a ... | 1996 | 8958243 |
| disseminated melioidosis. | | 1996 | 8979590 |
| melioidosis: two indigenous cases in taiwan. | we report the first two indigenously acquired cases of melioidosis in taiwan, diagnosed by positive culture and biochemically identified using the id 32 gn system (biomerieux vitek inc, hazelwood, mo, usa). the first patient was a 75-year-old chinese woman who had not travelled abroad since her arrival from mainland china (san-tung province) 47 years ago. she presented with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and hepatitis c-related liver cirrhosis with septic shock. burkholderia pseudomallei (for ... | 1996 | 8840761 |
| [the immunogenicity and heterogeneity of pseudomonas pseudomallei surface antigen 8]. | surface antigen 8, one of pathogenicity factors of p.pseudomallei and having an antiphagocytic action, contains glycoprotein with a mol. wt. of 200 kd and proteins with mol wt. of 25, 30 and 34 kd. according to its chemical structure, the carbohydrate part of antigen 8 is the homogeneous polymer of 6-d-d-mannoheptose, and its protein component is a collection of monomer proteins with mol. wt. of 12-120 kd. the consecutive fractionation of antigen 8 by gel and ion exchange chromatography has made ... | 1996 | 9027183 |
| multifactorial pathogenic mechanisms of burkholderia pseudomallei as suggested from comparison with burkholderia cepacia. | with the purpose to elucidate the pathogenesis of disease due to burkholderia pseudomallei some biological and biochemical properties of this species were studied in comparison with b. cepacia, since the difference in the level of virulence between the two species is remarkable despite of their toxonomic closeness. b. pseudomallei was distinct from b. cepacia in the capability to grow under anaerobic conditions, with positive nitrate respiration, excretion of high-molecular polysaccharides into ... | 1996 | 9031412 |
| melioidosis in india. | | 1996 | 8684144 |
| [an acute septic course of melioidosis after a stay in thailand]. | two weeks after returning from a trip to thailand a 79-year-old man developed a higher fever, pain in the right flank and progressive clouding of consciousness. she had meningism on admission. | 1997 | 9072482 |
| detection of burkholderia pseudomallei in blood samples using polymerase chain reaction. | a highly sensitive, specific, rapid and simple method to detect burkholderia pseudomallei in blood samples was developed. two 22-base oligonucleotide primers, based on sequences from a specific dna probe, were used for amplification of bacterial dna by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). amplification with these primers yielded a 178-base pair product in 100 clinical isolates of b. pseudomallei. as little as 0.5 fg of b. pseudomallei dna was detectable by this method. experiments involving inoc ... | 1997 | 9076711 |
| mutagenesis of burkholderia pseudomallei with tn5-ot182: isolation of motility mutants and molecular characterization of the flagellin structural gene. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a human and animal pathogen in tropical regions, especially southeast asia and northern australia. currently little is known about the genetics and molecular biology of this organism. in this report, we describe the mutagenesis of b. pseudomallei with the transposon tn5-ot182. b. pseudomallei 1026b transposon mutants were obtained at a frequency of 4.6 x 10(-4) per initial donor cell, and the transposon inserted randomly into the chromosome. we used tn5-ot182 to iden ... | 1997 | 9079894 |
| production of specific monoclonal antibodies to burkholderia pseudomallei and their diagnostic application. | hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific to burkholderia pseudomallei were produced by immunizing balb/cj mice with crude culture filtrate of b. pseudomallei. two monoclonal antibodies were found to be highly specific to b.pseudomallei as tested by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting against a panel of crude whole cell extracts from b. pseudomallei, b. cepacia, pseudomonas aeruginosa, p.putida, and escherichia coli. one of the specific mabs, clone sp-m ... | 1996 | 8980799 |
| fatal human melioidosis in south-eastern queensland. | two simultaneous human cases of fatal melioidosis in temperate south-eastern queensland involved patients who had had pre-existing multisystem illnesses, had sustained cutaneous lesions before illness onset, and died from overwhelming sepsis. onset of disease was preceded by unseasonably heavy rainfall. these and other features of these cases suggest that the source of infection was local, in which case the endemicity of burkholderia pseudomallei in temperate regional australia may be broader th ... | 1997 | 9066549 |
| biological activities of lipopolysaccharide of burkholderia (pseudomonas) pseudomallei. | endotoxic activities of lipopolysaccharide (lps) isolated from burkholderia (pseudomonas) pseudomallei, a causative agent of melioidosis, were investigated. compared to an enterobacterial lps (sae-lps), b. pseudomallei lps (bp-lps) exhibited weaker pyrogenic activity in rabbits, lethal toxicity in galactosamine-sensitized mice and murine macrophage activation, i.e. production of tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6 and nitric oxide. bp-lps, on the other hand, exhibited stronger mitogenic activit ... | 1996 | 8935661 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei activates complement and is ingested but not killed by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. | the mechanism by which burkholderia pseudomallei is resistant to lysis by human serum is unknown but may include interference with complement activation, effective opsonization, or complement-mediated lysis. we investigated the interaction of b. pseudomallei with complement in the presence and absence of specific antibody to determine potential mechanisms of serum resistance. we demonstrated rapid activation and consumption of complement by b. pseudomallei which, in the absence of specific antib ... | 1996 | 8945532 |
| melioidosis presenting as epididymo-orchitis. | we report a rare case of suppurative epididymo-orchitis caused by pseudomonas pseudomallei in a 56-year-old male. this is a gram negative bacillus found mainly in tropical zones. diagnosis was reached by culture of the organisms after drainage of the scrotal abscess, and the patient was treated by a course of oral chloramphenicol 500 mg qid for 6 months. | 1995 | 8919168 |
| conservation of the multidrug resistance efflux gene oprm in pseudomonas aeruginosa. | an intragenic probe derived from the multidrug resistance gene oprm hybridized with genomic dna from all 20 serotypes of pseudomonas aeruginosa and from all 34 environmental and clinical isolates tested, indicating that the mexa-mexb-oprm multidrug efflux system is highly conserved in this organism. the oprm probe also hybridized with genomic dna from pseudomonas aureofaciens, pseudomonas chlororaphis, pseudomonas syringae, burkholderia pseudomallei, and pseudomonas putida, suggesting that efflu ... | 1997 | 9087505 |
| neurological melioidosis (burkholderia pseudomallei) mimicking guillain-barré syndrome. | | 1997 | 9127663 |
| characterization of burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia pseudomallei-like strains. | previous reports in the literature suggest that burkholderia pseudomallei strains can be differentiated on the basis of animal virulence. twenty environmentally and clinically derived isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei were examined for the production of exoenzymes, morphological and biochemical phenotypes and virulence for syrian golden hamsters. the partial sequence of the 16s ribosomal rna [rrna] genes from a number of these strains was also determined. based upon these observations, it is ... | 1997 | 9129590 |
| geographical distribution of pseudomonas pseudomallei in china. | 1,366 samples of soil and water from southern china coastal provinces were examined for pseudomonas pseudomallei. data showed that 58 samples were positive for this bacteria, which is primarily distributed in hainan province and the coastal region of mainland. this paper confirmed the environmental presence of p. pseudomallei in china and showed that the distribution of this pathogen has at least reached a latitude of 25.5 degrees north. | 1995 | 9139366 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei infection in the singapore armed forces from 1987 to 1994--an epidemiological review. | between 1987 and 1994, twenty-three cases of burkholderia pseudomallei infection (melioidosis) were diagnosed in persons serving in the singapore armed forces. there were four deaths resulting from complications of the infection. unlike the situation in the general population, where the affected are mainly the elderly with underlying illness, the majority of cases in the singapore armed forces were otherwise fit and healthy young servicemen. serological surveys have shown the prevalence of the i ... | 1997 | 9140571 |
| [creation of genomic dna libraries for pseudomonas mallei and pseudomonas pseudomallei]. | the genomic libraries of p. mallei and p. pseudomallei species were constructed in escherichia coli. the chromosomal dna of p. pseudomallei c-141 strain has been cloned into the cosmid vector phc79 and the broad host range plasmid vector pes154. the chromosomal dna of p. mallei [symbol: see text]-5 strain has been cloned into the plasmid vector psup202. the recombinant clones of the genomic libraries were screened by the enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (elisa) to detect the production of pse ... | 1997 | 9082182 |
| diagnostic value of an antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using affinity-purified antigen in an area endemic for melioidosis. | melioidosis, an infection caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, is endemic in southeast asia. the septicemic form of melioidosis is the leading cause of death from nonhospital-acquired septicemia in the northeastern part of thailand. a major factor that contributes to the high mortality is the delay in isolation and identification of the causative organism. the present study was undertaken to evaluate the use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays based on an immunoaffinity-purified antigen for de ... | 1997 | 9158051 |
| isolation and identification of burkholderia pseudomallei from soil using selective culture techniques and the polymerase chain reaction. | an environmental soil survey to detect burkholderia pseudomallei was performed during the dry and wet seasons in darwin, northern territory, australia. soil was sampled at regular intervals during a 15-month period at different depths from areas which were representative of the local, soil environment. selective culture techniques using ashdown's and galimand and dodin's methods and the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using specific 16s rrna primers were used to detect and identify the organism ... | 1997 | 9172400 |
| the laboratory diagnosis of melioidosis. | the recognition of unusual, but important, pathogens such as burkholderia pseudomallei is essential for the rapid implementation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy--delays can be fatal. melioidosis should be considered as a potential diagnosis for any patient with exposure to areas of endemicity, and thus laboratories should be aware of the differential features of the disease and the causative organism. isolation of b. pseudomallei is readily achieved using standard culture media such as bloo ... | 1996 | 9069100 |
| in-vitro activity of carbapenem antibiotics against beta-lactam susceptible and resistant strains of burkholderia pseudomallei. | four carbapenem antibiotics were tested for their in-vitro activities (mics, mbcs and time-kill studies) against burkholderia pseudomallei. the carbapenems were all more active than either ceftazidime or co-amoxiclav against strains of b. pseudomallei with a normal susceptibility pattern. biapenem was the most active antibiotic tested. all four carbapenems retained bactericidal activity against 24 strains of b. pseudomallei with reduced susceptibility to ceftazidime and/or co-amoxiclav. | 1996 | 9182118 |
| affinity and response of burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia cepacia to insulin. | the cells of burkholderia pseudomallei, b. cepacia and pseudomonas aeruginosa grown on agar plates were stained with fluorescently-labeled insulin. the former two species were stained positively indicating insulin binding but p. aeruginosa was not. insulin exposure reduced phospholipase c and acid phosphatase activities of b. pseudomallei but did not affect those enzymatic activities of b. cepacia in the employed experimental conditions. it is suggested that b. pseudomallei have insulin receptor ... | 1996 | 9185275 |
| evolution of cell-surface acid phosphatase of burkholderia pseudomallei. | acid phosphatase active fractions were obtained from cell-free extract, outermembrane fraction and culture filtrate of burkholderia pseudomallei by column chromatography with sepharose 6b and deae cellulose. the comparison of the elution patterns of protein, sugar and enzymatic activity among these three components suggested that the enzyme is a glycoprotein evolving from premature proteins through glycosylation and that the enzyme is translocated during glycosylation from the cytoplasm to the o ... | 1996 | 9185276 |
| ribotyping and dna macrorestriction analysis of isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei from cases of melioidosis in malaysia. | forty-nine isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei from sporadic cases of melioidosis in malaysia over the past 18 years were examined by bamhi ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) of xbai digests of total deoxyribonucleic acid (dna). twenty-four patients had septicaemic melioidosis with a mortality of 70%; mortality in the non-septicaemic disease was 16%. five ribotype patterns were identified, 2 of which accounted for 90% of all isolates. pfge revealed a number of different str ... | 1997 | 9231217 |