| comparison of two suspension arrays for simultaneous detection of five biothreat bacterial in powder samples. | we have developed novel bio-plex assays for simultaneous detection of bacillus anthracis, yersinia pestis, brucella spp., francisella tularensis, and burkholderia pseudomallei. universal primers were used to amplify highly conserved region located within the 16s rrna amplicon, followed by hybridized to pathogen-specific probes for identification of these five organisms. the other assay is based on multiplex pcr to simultaneously amplify five species-specific pathogen identification-targeted regi ... | 2012 | 22690123 |
| application of polymerase chain reaction to detect burkholderia pseudomallei and brucella species in buffy coat from patients with febrile illness among rural and peri-urban population. | melioidosis and brucellosis are important endemic infections among people in india, especially in rural settings. conventional detection techniques have several limitations. only a few studies exist on the prevalence of melioidosis and brucellosis in rural area especially in india. | 2012 | 22529625 |
| evolutionary analysis of burkholderia pseudomallei identifies putative novel virulence genes, including a microbial regulator of host cell autophagy. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, contains a large pathogen genome (7.2 mb) with ∼2,000 genes of putative or unknown function. interactions with potential hosts and environmental factors may induce rapid adaptations in these b. pseudomallei genes, which can be discerned through evolutionary analysis of multiple b. pseudomallei genomes. here we show that several previously uncharacterized b. pseudomallei genes bearing genetic signatures of rapid adaptation (positive s ... | 2013 | 24097950 |
| multiple-antigen elisa for melioidosis--a novel approach to the improved serodiagnosis of melioidosis. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is endemic to southeast asia and northern australia. clinical manifestations of disease are diverse, ranging from chronic infection to acute septicaemia. the current gold standard of diagnosis involves bacterial culture and identification which is time consuming and often too late for early medical intervention. hence, rapid diagnosis of melioidosis is crucial for the successful management of melioidosis. | 2013 | 23556548 |
| recombinant salmonella expressing burkholderia mallei lps o antigen provides protection in a murine model of melioidosis and glanders. | burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia mallei are the etiologic agents of melioidosis and glanders, respectively. these bacteria are highly infectious via the respiratory route and can cause severe and often fatal diseases in humans and animals. both species are considered potential agents of biological warfare; they are classified as category b priority pathogens. currently there are no human or veterinary vaccines available against these pathogens. consequently efforts are directed towards ... | 2015 | 26148026 |
| identification of burkholderia pseudomallei near-neighbor species in the northern territory of australia. | identification and characterization of near-neighbor species are critical to the development of robust molecular diagnostic tools for biothreat agents. one such agent, burkholderia pseudomallei, a soil bacterium and the causative agent of melioidosis, is lacking in this area because of its genomic diversity and widespread geographic distribution. the burkholderia genus contains over 60 species and occupies a large range of environments including soil, plants, rhizospheres, water, animals and hum ... | 2015 | 26121041 |
| altered proteome of burkholderia pseudomallei colony variants induced by exposure to human lung epithelial cells. | burkholderia pseudomallei primary diagnostic cultures demonstrate colony morphology variation associated with expression of virulence and adaptation proteins. this study aims to examine the ability of b. pseudomallei colony variants (wild type [wt] and small colony variant [scv]) to survive and replicate intracellularly in a549 cells and to identify the alterations in the protein expression of these variants, post-exposure to the a549 cells. intracellular survival and cytotoxicity assays were pe ... | 2015 | 25996927 |
| complete genome sequences for 59 burkholderia isolates, both pathogenic and near neighbor. | the genus burkholderia encompasses both pathogenic (including burkholderia mallei and burkholderia pseudomallei, u.s. centers for disease control and prevention category b listed), and nonpathogenic gram-negative bacilli. here we present full genome sequences for a panel of 59 burkholderia strains, selected to aid in detection assay development. | 2015 | 25931592 |
| concordance and discordance of sequence survey methods for molecular epidemiology. | the post-genomic era is characterized by the direct acquisition and analysis of genomic data with many applications, including the enhancement of the understanding of microbial epidemiology and pathology. however, there are a number of molecular approaches to survey pathogen diversity, and the impact of these different approaches on parameter estimation and inference are not entirely clear. we sequenced whole genomes of bacterial pathogens, burkholderia pseudomallei, yersinia pestis, and brucell ... | 2015 | 25737810 |
| biocidal and sporicidal efficacy of pathoster(®) 0.35% and pathoster(®) 0.50% against bacterial agents in potential bioterrorism use. | the use of products that can neutralize or significantly reduce the microbial load and that are not harmful to human health and the environment represents a milestone in the fight against the spread of infectious diseases. peracetic acid, besides being an excellent sterilizing and sporicidal agent, is harmless to humans and the environment when it is used in a common dosage. however, the high costs and loss of efficacy of the product very quickly after its reconstitution limit its use. we evalua ... | 2016 | 27482880 |
| polar lipids of burkholderia pseudomallei induce different host immune responses. | melioidosis is a disease in tropical and subtropical regions of the world that is caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. in endemic regions the disease occurs primarily in humans and goats. in the present study, we used the goat as a model to dissect the polar lipids of b. pseudomallei to identify lipid molecules that could be used for adjuvants/vaccines or as diagnostic tools. we showed that the lipidome of b. pseudomallei and its fractions contain several polar lipids with the capacity to elicit ... | 2013 | 24260378 |
| passive protection of diabetic rats with antisera specific for the polysaccharide portion of the lipopolysaccharide isolated from pseudomonas pseudomallei. | polyclonal and monoclonal antisera raised to tetanus toxoid-conjugated polysaccharide of lipopolysaccharide (lps) and purified lps of pseudomonas pseudomallei that reacted with a collection of 41 strains of this bacterium from 23 patients are described. the common antigen recognized by these sera was within the polysaccharide component of the lps of the cells. the sera were specific for p pseudomallei in that none of 37 strains of other bacteria, including 20 gram-negative and three gram-positiv ... | 1994 | 22346496 |
| a prospective study of the causes of febrile illness requiring hospitalization in children in cambodia. | febrile illnesses are pre-eminent contributors to morbidity and mortality among children in south-east asia but the causes are poorly understood. we determined the causes of fever in children hospitalised in siem reap province, cambodia. | 2013 | 23593267 |
| clinical features and laboratory diagnosis of infection with the potential bioterrorism agents burkholderia mallei and burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia mallei and burkholderia pseudomallei are the causative organisms of glanders and melioidosis, respectively. although now rare in western countries, both organisms have recently gained much interest because of their unique potential as bioterrorism agents. these organisms are less familiar to medical and laboratory personnel than other select bioterrorism bacterial agents and thus heightened awareness of glanders and melioidosis is crucial in order to enable adequate emergency prepar ... | 2007 | 23675037 |
| immunogenic consensus sequence t helper epitopes for a pan-burkholderia biodefense vaccine. | biodefense vaccines against category b bioterror agents burkholderia pseudomallei (bpm) and burkholderia mallei (bm) are needed, as they are both easily accessible to terrorists and have strong weaponization potential. burkholderia cepaciae (bc), a related pathogen, causes chronic lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients. since bpm, bm and bc are all intracellular bacteria, they are excellent targets for t cell-based vaccines. however, the sheer volume of available genomic data requires the a ... | 2011 | 25346775 |
| natural history of inhalation melioidosis in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) and african green monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops). | burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is recognized as a serious health threat due to its involvement in septic and pulmonary infections in areas of endemicity and is recognized by the centers for disease control and prevention as a category b biothreat agent. an animal model is desirable to evaluate the pathogenesis of melioidosis and medical countermeasures. a model system that represents human melioidosis infections is essential in this process. a group of 10 rhesus m ... | 2012 | 22778104 |
| when it comes to drug discovery not all gram-negative bacterial biodefence pathogens are created equal: burkholderia pseudomallei is different. | | 2012 | 22385701 |
| expression and function of transforming growth factor β in melioidosis. | melioidosis, caused by the gram-negative bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei, is an important cause of community-acquired sepsis in southeast asia and northern australia. an important controller of the immune system is the pleiotropic cytokine transforming growth factor β (tgf-β), of which smad2 and smad3 are the major signal transducers. in this study, we aimed to characterize tgf-β expression and function in experimental melioidosis. tgf-β expression was determined in 33 patients with culture- ... | 2012 | 22331429 |
| cationic liposomes extend the immunostimulatory effect of cpg oligodeoxynucleotide against burkholderia pseudomallei infection in balb/c mice. | melioidosis is a severe disease caused by the gram-negative bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei. previously we showed that pretreatment of mice with cpg oligodeoxynucleotide (cpg odn) 2 to 10 days prior to b. pseudomallei challenge conferred as high as 90% protection, but this window of protection was rather short. in the present study, we therefore aimed to prolong this protective window and to gain further insight into the mechanisms underlying the protection induced by cpg odn against b. pseu ... | 2012 | 22441390 |
| the potential of taqman array cards for detection of multiple biological agents by real-time pcr. | the taqman array card architecture, normally used for gene expression studies, was evaluated for its potential to detect multiple bacterial agents by real-time pcr. ten pcr assays targeting five biological agents (bacillus anthracis, burkholderia mallei, burkholderia pseudomallei, francisella tularensis, and yersinia pestis) were incorporated onto array cards. a comparison of pcr performance of each pcr in array card and singleplex format was conducted using dna extracted from pure bacterial cul ... | 2012 | 22540014 |
| prophylactic application of cpg oligonucleotides augments the early host response and confers protection in acute melioidosis. | prophylactic administration of cpg oligodeoxynucleotides (cpg odns) is known to confer protection against lethal sepsis caused by burkholderia pseudomallei in the mouse model. the mechanisms whereby cpg regulates the innate immune response to provide protection against b. pseudomallei, however, are poorly characterized. in the present study, we demonstrate that intranasal treatment of mice with class c cpg, results in recruitment of inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils to the lung at 48 h post ... | 2012 | 22448290 |
| nasal acai polysaccharides potentiate innate immunity to protect against pulmonary francisella tularensis and burkholderia pseudomallei infections. | pulmonary francisella tularensis and burkholderia pseudomallei infections are highly lethal in untreated patients, and current antibiotic regimens are not always effective. activating the innate immune system provides an alternative means of treating infection and can also complement antibiotic therapies. several natural agonists were screened for their ability to enhance host resistance to infection, and polysaccharides derived from the acai berry (acai ps) were found to have potent abilities a ... | 2012 | 22438809 |
| in vivo manipulation of γ9(+) t cells in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) with phosphoantigen and effect on the progression of respiratory melioidosis. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a dangerous human pathogen. phosphoantigens specifically the target primate specific γ9(+)δ2(+) t cells subset and some have been developed as potential immunotherapeutics. previously, we demonstrated that, when stimulated with the phosphoantigen chdmapp, γ9(+)δ2(+) t cells aid in the killing of intracellular b. pseudomallei bacteria. moreover, we found that common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) γ9(+) t cells increase in frequency and respond to the phosphoantigen chd ... | 2013 | 24098670 |
| protection against experimental melioidosis following immunization with live burkholderia thailandensis expressing a manno-heptose capsule. | melioidosis is a severe infectious disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. it is highly resistant to antibiotic treatment, and there is currently no licensed vaccine. burkholderia thailandensis is a close relative of burkholderia pseudomallei but is essentially avirulent in mammals. in this report, we detail the protective efficacy of immunization with live b. thailandensis e555, a strain which has been shown to express an antigenic capsule similar to that of b. pseudomallei. immunization w ... | 2013 | 23677322 |
| importance of using bruker's security-relevant library for biotyper identification of burkholderia pseudomallei, brucella species, and francisella tularensis. | | 2013 | 23447635 |
| development of burkholderia mallei and pseudomallei vaccines. | burkholderia mallei and burkholderia pseudomallei are gram-negative bacteria that cause glanders and melioidosis, respectively. inhalational infection with either organism can result in severe and rapidly fatal pneumonia. inoculation by the oral and cutaneous routes can also produce infection. chronic infection may develop after recovery from acute infection with both agents, and control of infection with antibiotics requires prolonged treatment. symptoms for both meliodosis and glanders are non ... | 2013 | 23508691 |
| multiplex qpcr for reliable detection and differentiation of burkholderia mallei and burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia mallei and b. pseudomallei are two closely related species of highly virulent bacteria that can be difficult to detect. pathogenic burkholderia are endemic in many regions worldwide and cases of infection, sometimes brought by travelers from unsuspected regions, also occur elsewhere. rapid, sensitive methods for identification of b. mallei and b. pseudomallei are urgently needed in the interests of patient treatment and epidemiological surveillance. | 2013 | 23409683 |
| burkholderia vaccines: are we moving forward? | the genus burkholderia consists of diverse species which includes both "friends" and "foes." some of the "friendly" burkholderia spp. are extensively used in the biotechnological and agricultural industry for bioremediation and biocontrol. however, several members of the genus including b. pseudomallei, b. mallei, and b. cepacia, are known to cause fatal disease in both humans and animals. b. pseudomallei and b. mallei are the causative agents of melioidosis and glanders, respectively, while b. ... | 2013 | 23386999 |
| comparative experimental subcutaneous glanders and melioidosis in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | glanders and melioidosis are caused by two distinct burkholderia species and have generally been considered to have similar disease progression. while both of these pathogens are hhs/cdc tier 1 agents, natural infection with both these pathogens is primarily through skin inoculation. the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) was used to compare disease following experimental subcutaneous challenge. acute, lethal disease was observed in marmosets following challenge with between 26 and 1.2 × 10(8) ... | 2014 | 25477002 |
| migration of dendritic cells facilitates systemic dissemination of burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiological agent for melioidosis, is an important cause of community-acquired sepsis in northern australia and northeast thailand. due to the rapid dissemination of disease in acute melioidosis, we hypothesized that dendritic cells (dc) could act as a vehicle for dissemination of b. pseudomallei. therefore, this study investigated the effect of b. pseudomallei infection on dc migration capacity and whether migration of dc enabled transportation of b. pseudomallei ... | 2014 | 25069976 |
| molecular characterization of putative virulence determinants in burkholderia pseudomallei. | the gram-negative saprophyte burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, an infectious disease which is endemic in southeast asia and northern australia. this bacterium possesses many virulence factors which are thought to contribute to its survival and pathogenicity. using a virulent clinical isolate of b. pseudomallei and an attenuated strain of the same b. pseudomallei isolate, 6 genes bpsl2033, bp1026b_i2784, bp1026b_i2780, burps1106a_a0094, burps1106a_1131, and burps171 ... | 2014 | 25215325 |
| caspase-1-dependent and -independent cell death pathways in burkholderia pseudomallei infection of macrophages. | the cytosolic pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei and causative agent of melioidosis has been shown to regulate il-1β and il-18 production through nod-like receptor nlrp3 and pyroptosis via nlrc4. downstream signalling pathways of those receptors and other cell death mechanisms induced during b. pseudomallei infection have not been addressed so far in detail. furthermore, the role of b. pseudomallei factors in inflammasome activation is still ill defined. in the present study we show that caspase ... | 2014 | 24626296 |
| a structural biology approach enables the development of antimicrobials targeting bacterial immunophilins. | macrophage infectivity potentiators (mips) are immunophilin proteins and essential virulence factors for a range of pathogenic organisms. we applied a structural biology approach to characterize a mip from burkholderia pseudomallei (bpml1), the causative agent of melioidosis. crystal structure and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses of bpml1 in complex with known macrocyclics and other derivatives led to the identification of a key chemical scaffold. this scaffold possesses inhibitory potency fo ... | 2014 | 24366729 |
| substituted diphenyl ethers as a novel chemotherapeutic platform against burkholderia pseudomallei. | identification of a novel class of anti-burkholderia compounds is key in addressing antimicrobial resistance to current therapies as well as naturally occurring resistance. the fabi enoyl-acp reductase in burkholderia is an underexploited target that presents an opportunity for development of a new class of inhibitors. a library of substituted diphenyl ethers was used to identify fabi1-specific inhibitors for assessment in burkholderia pseudomallei ex vivo and murine efficacy models. active fabi ... | 2014 | 24379198 |
| efficient inactivation of burkholderia pseudomallei or francisella tularensis in infected cells for safe removal from biosafety level 3 containment laboratories. | working with infectious agents that require bsl-3 level containment agents offers many challenges for researchers. bsl-3 containment laboratories are usually not equipped with expensive specialty equipment that is needed for studies such as flow cytometric analysis, microscopy, and proteomic analyses. therefore, for most researchers that are working with bsl-3 level infectious agents, removal of samples from bsl-3 laboratories for these types of studies is necessary, and methods for complete and ... | 2014 | 24449562 |
| genome-wide saturation mutagenesis of burkholderia pseudomallei k96243 predicts essential genes and novel targets for antimicrobial development. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, an often fatal infectious disease for which there is no vaccine. b. pseudomallei is listed as a tier 1 select agent, and as current therapeutic options are limited due to its natural resistance to most antibiotics, the development of new antimicrobial therapies is imperative. to identify drug targets and better understand the complex b. pseudomallei genome, we sought a genome-wide approach to identify lethal gene targets. as b. pse ... | 2014 | 24520057 |
| the burkholderia pseudomallei enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase fabi1 is essential for in vivo growth and is the target of a novel chemotherapeutic with efficacy. | the bacterial fatty acid biosynthesis pathway is a validated target for the development of novel chemotherapeutics. however, since burkholderia pseudomallei carries genes that encode both fabi and fabv enoyl-acyl carrier protein (acp) reductase homologues, the enoyl-acp reductase that is essential for in vivo growth needs to be defined so that the correct drug target can be chosen for development. accordingly, δfabi1, δfabi2, and δfabv knockout strains were constructed and tested in a mouse mode ... | 2014 | 24277048 |
| susceptibility of select agents to predation by predatory bacteria. | select agents are microorganisms and toxins considered to be exploitable as biological weapons. although infections by many select agents can be treated by conventional antibiotics, the risk of an emerging or engineered drug resistant strain is of great concern. one group of microorganisms that is showing potential to control drug resistant gram-negative bacteria are the predatory bacteria from the genera bdellovibrio spp. and micavibrio spp. in this study, we have examined the ability of bdello ... | 2015 | 27682124 |
| uncovering major genomic features of essential genes in bacteria and a methanogenic archaea. | identification of essential genes is critical to understanding the physiology of a species, proposing novel drug targets and uncovering minimal gene sets required for life. although essential gene sets of several organisms have been determined using large-scale mutagenesis techniques, systematic studies addressing their conservation, genomic context and functions remain scant. here we integrate 17 essential gene sets from genome-wide in vitro screenings and three gene collections required for gr ... | 2015 | 26084810 |
| identification of highly pathogenic microorganisms by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry: results of an interlaboratory ring trial. | in the case of a release of highly pathogenic bacteria (hpb), there is an urgent need for rapid, accurate, and reliable diagnostics. maldi-tof mass spectrometry is a rapid, accurate, and relatively inexpensive technique that is becoming increasingly important in microbiological diagnostics to complement classical microbiology, pcr, and genotyping of hpb. in the present study, the results of a joint exercise with 11 partner institutions from nine european countries are presented. in this exercise ... | 2015 | 26063856 |
| characterization of burkholderia pseudomallei strains using a murine intraperitoneal infection model and in vitro macrophage assays. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiologic agent of melioidosis, is a gram-negative facultative intracellular bacterium. this bacterium is endemic in southeast asia and northern australia and can infect humans and animals by several routes. it has also been estimated to present a considerable risk as a potential biothreat agent. there are currently no effective vaccines for b. pseudomallei, and antibiotic treatment can be hampered by nonspecific symptomology, the high incidence of naturally occurr ... | 2015 | 25909629 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei-derived mir-3473 enhances nf-κb via targeting traf3 and is associated with different inflammatory responses compared to burkholderia thailandensis in murine macrophages. | burkholderia pseudomallei (bp) is the causative agent of melioidosis, a kind of tropical disease. burkholderia thailandensis (bt), with a high sequence similarity to bp, is thought to be an avirulent organism. since there are numerous similarities between bp and bt, their differences in pathogenesis of host response and related mechanism are still undermined. in recent years, micrornas have been researched in many diseases, but seldom involved in bacterial infection, bacteria-host interaction or ... | 2016 | 27894256 |
| protection against experimental melioidosis with a synthetic manno-heptopyranose hexasaccharide glycoconjugate. | melioidosis is an emerging infectious disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates in endemic areas. antibiotic treatment is protracted and not always successful; even with appropriate therapy, up to 40% of individuals presenting with melioidosis in thailand succumb to infection. in these circumstances, an effective vaccine has the potential to have a dramatic impact on both the scale and the severity of disease. currently, no vaccines are ... | 2016 | 27124182 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei colony morphotypes show a synchronized metabolic pattern after acute infection. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a water and soil bacterium and the causative agent of melioidosis. a characteristic feature of this bacterium is the formation of different colony morphologies which can be isolated from environmental samples as well as from clinical samples, but can also be induced in vitro. previous studies indicate that morphotypes can differ in a number of characteristics such as resistance to oxidative stress, cellular adhesion and intracellular replication. yet the metabolic fe ... | 2016 | 26943908 |
| unprecedented melioidosis cases in northern australia caused by an asian burkholderia pseudomallei strain identified by using large-scale comparative genomics. | melioidosis is a disease of humans and animals that is caused by the saprophytic bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei. once thought to be confined to certain locations, the known presence of b. pseudomallei is expanding as more regions of endemicity are uncovered. there is no vaccine for melioidosis, and even with antibiotic administration, the mortality rate is as high as 40% in some regions that are endemic for the infection. despite high levels of recombination, phylogenetic reconstruction of ... | 2016 | 26607593 |
| cloning, purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of the burkholderia pseudomallei l1 ribosomal protein. | the gene encoding the l1 ribosomal protein from burkholderia pseudomallei strain d286 has been cloned into the petblue-1 vector system, overexpressed in escherichia coli and purified. crystals of the native protein were grown by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion technique using peg 3350 as a precipitant and diffracted to beyond 1.65 å resolution. the crystals belonged to space group p2(1)2(1)2, with unit-cell parameters a = 53.6, b = 127.1, c = 31.8 å and with a single molecule in the asymmetric ... | 2012 | 22442241 |
| the hica toxin from burkholderia pseudomallei has a role in persister cell formation. | ta (toxin-antitoxin) systems are widely distributed amongst bacteria and are associated with the formation of antibiotic tolerant (persister) cells that may have involvement in chronic and recurrent disease. we show that overexpression of the burkholderia pseudomallei hica toxin causes growth arrest and increases the number of persister cells tolerant to ciprofloxacin or ceftazidime. furthermore, our data show that persistence towards ciprofloxacin or ceftazidime can be differentially modulated ... | 2014 | 24502667 |
| mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in burkholderia pseudomallei: implications for treatment of melioidosis. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the etiologic agent of melioidosis. this multifaceted disease is difficult to treat, resulting in high morbidity and mortality. treatment of b. pseudomallei infections is lengthy and necessitates an intensive phase (parenteral ceftazidime, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid or meropenem) and an eradication phase (oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole). the main resistance mechanisms affecting these antibiotics include enzymatic inactivation, target deletion and efflux from the ... | 2012 | 23231488 |
| identification and evaluation of twin-arginine translocase inhibitors. | the twin-arginine translocase (tat) in some bacterial pathogens, including pseudomonas aeruginosa, burkholderia pseudomallei, and mycobacterium tuberculosis, contributes to pathogenesis by translocating extracellular virulence determinants across the inner membrane into the periplasm, thereby allowing access to the xcp (type ii) secretory system for further export in gram-negative organisms, or directly to the outside surface of the cell, as in m. tuberculosis. tat-mediated secretion appreciably ... | 2012 | 23006747 |
| burkholderia thailandensis is virulent in drosophila melanogaster. | melioidosis is a serious infectious disease endemic to southeast asia and northern australia. this disease is caused by the gram-negative bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei; burkholderia thailandensis is a closely-related organism known to be avirulent in humans. b. thailandensis has not previously been used to infect drosophila melanogaster. we examined the effect of b. thailandensis infection on fly survival, on antimicrobial peptide expression, and on phagocytic cells. in the fruit fly, whic ... | 2012 | 23209596 |
| a traveller presenting with severe melioidosis complicated by a pericardial effusion: a case report. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiologic agent of melioidosis, is endemic to tropic regions, mainly in southeast asia and northern australia. melioidosis occurs only sporadically in travellers returning from disease-endemic areas. severe clinical disease is seen mostly in patients with alteration of immune status. in particular, pericardial effusion occurs in 1-3% of patients with melioidosis, confined to endemic regions. to our best knowledge, this is the first reported case of melioidosis in a ... | 2012 | 23035948 |
| bacterial gene loss as a mechanism for gain of antimicrobial resistance. | acquisition of exogenous dna by pathogenic bacteria represents the basis for much of the acquired antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic bacteria. a more extreme mechanism to avoid the effect of an antibiotic is to delete the drug target, although this would be predicted to be rare since drug targets are often essential genes. here, we review and discuss the description of a novel mechanism of resistance to the cephalosporin drug ceftazidime caused by loss of a penicillin-binding protein (pbp) i ... | 2012 | 23022568 |
| the effect of environmental conditions on biofilm formation of burkholderia pseudomallei clinical isolates. | burkholderia pseudomallei, a gram-negative saprophytic bacterium, is the causative agent of the potentially fatal melioidosis disease in humans. in this study, environmental parameters including temperature, nutrient content, ph and the presence of glucose were shown to play a role in in vitro biofilm formation by 28 b. pseudomallei clinical isolates, including four isolates with large colony variants (lcvs) and small colony variants (scvs) morphotypes. enhanced biofilm formation was observed wh ... | 2012 | 22970167 |
| humoral immune responses in a human case of glanders. | within 2 months of acquiring glanders, a patient developed 8-, 16-, and 4-fold increases, respectively, in specific iga, igg, and igm serological titers against burkholderia mallei. within 14 months of infection, the titers decreased to the baseline. serum from this patient was also highly reactive against burkholderia pseudomallei whole cells. burkholderia mallei whole cells did not react with sera from patients with other diseases. therefore, an assay using a b. mallei cellular diagnostic anti ... | 2012 | 22398248 |
| melioidosis in traveler from africa to spain. | the worldwide epidemiology of melioidosis is changing. we describe a case of acute melioidosis in spain in a patient who had traveled to africa. a novel sequence type of burkholderia pseudomallei was identified in this patient. clinicians should be aware of the possibility of melioidosis in travelers returning from melioidosis-nonendemic regions. | 2013 | 24047798 |
| reliability of automated biochemical identification of burkholderia pseudomallei is regionally dependent. | misidentifications of burkholderia pseudomallei as burkholderia cepacia by vitek 2 have occurred. multidimensional scaling ordination of biochemical profiles of 217 malaysian and australian b. pseudomallei isolates found clustering of misidentified b. pseudomallei isolates from malaysian borneo. specificity of b. pseudomallei identification in vitek 2 and potentially other automated identification systems is regionally dependent. | 2013 | 23784129 |
| genomic characterization of jg068, a novel virulent podovirus active against burkholderia cenocepacia. | as is true for many other antibiotic-resistant gram-negative pathogens, members of the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) are currently being assessed for their susceptibility to phage therapy as an antimicrobial treatment. the objective of this study was to perform genomic and limited functional characterization of the novel bcc phage jg068 (vb_bcep_jg068). | 2013 | 23978260 |
| accurate and rapid identification of the burkholderia pseudomallei near-neighbour, burkholderia ubonensis, using real-time pcr. | burkholderia ubonensis is an environmental bacterium belonging to the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc), a group of genetically related organisms that are associated with opportunistic but generally nonfatal infections in healthy individuals. in contrast, the near-neighbour species burkholderia pseudomallei causes melioidosis, a disease that can be fatal in up to 95% of cases if left untreated. b. ubonensis is frequently misidentified as b. pseudomallei from soil samples using selective culturi ... | 2013 | 23967229 |
| monoclonal antibody-based immunofluorescence microscopy for the rapid identification of burkholderia pseudomallei in clinical specimens. | the diagnosis of melioidosis depends on the culture of burkholderia pseudomallei, which takes at least 48 hours. we used a polyclonal-fitc-based immunofluorescence microscopic assay (pab-ifa) on clinical samples to provide a rapid presumptive diagnosis. this has limitations including photobleaching and batch-to-batch variability. this study evaluated an ifa based on a monoclonal antibody specific to b. pseudomallei (mab-ifa) and alexa fluor 488. a diagnostic evaluation was performed on a prospec ... | 2013 | 23716405 |
| antibacterial activity of a lectin-like burkholderia cenocepacia protein. | bacteriocins of the llpa family have previously been characterized in the γ-proteobacteria pseudomonas and xanthomonas. these proteins are composed of two mmbl (monocot mannose-binding lectin) domains, a module predominantly and abundantly found in lectins from monocot plants. genes encoding four different types of llpa-like proteins were identified in genomes from strains belonging to the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) and the burkholderia pseudomallei group. a selected recombinant llpa-lik ... | 2013 | 23737242 |
| insights into β-lactamases from burkholderia species, two phylogenetically related yet distinct resistance determinants. | burkholderia cepacia complex and burkholderia pseudomallei are opportunistic human pathogens. resistance to β-lactams among burkholderia spp. is attributable to expression of β-lactamases (e.g. pena in b. cepacia complex and peni in b. pseudomallei). phylogenetic comparisons reveal that pena and peni are highly related. however, the analyses presented here reveal that pena is an inhibitor-resistant carbapenemase, most similar to kpc-2 (the most clinically significant serine carbapenemase), where ... | 2013 | 23658015 |
| comparison of dna extraction kits for detection of burkholderia pseudomallei in spiked human whole blood using real-time pcr. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiologic agent of melioidosis, is endemic in northern australia and southeast asia and can cause severe septicemia that may lead to death in 20% to 50% of cases. rapid detection of b. pseudomallei infection is crucial for timely treatment of septic patients. this study evaluated seven commercially available dna extraction kits to determine the relative recovery of b. pseudomallei dna from spiked edta-containing human whole blood. the evaluation included three manu ... | 2013 | 23460920 |
| molecular signatures and phylogenomic analysis of the genus burkholderia: proposal for division of this genus into the emended genus burkholderia containing pathogenic organisms and a new genus paraburkholderia gen. nov. harboring environmental species. | the genus burkholderia contains large number of diverse species which include many clinically important organisms, phytopathogens, as well as environmental species. however, currently, there is a paucity of biochemical or molecular characteristics which can reliably distinguish different groups of burkholderia species. we report here the results of detailed phylogenetic and comparative genomic analyses of 45 sequenced species of the genus burkholderia. in phylogenetic trees based upon concatenat ... | 2014 | 25566316 |
| the identification and differentiation between burkholderia mallei and burkholderia pseudomallei using one gene pyrosequencing. | the etiologic agents for melioidosis and glanders, burkholderia mallei and burkholderia pseudomallei respectively, are genetically similar making identification and differentiation from other burkholderia species and each other challenging. we used pyrosequencing to determine the presence or absence of an insertion sequence is407a within the flagellin p (flip) gene and to exploit the difference in orientation of this gene in the two species. oligonucleotide primers were designed to selectively t ... | 2014 | 27350960 |
| kdo hydroxylase is an inner core assembly enzyme in the ko-containing lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. | the lipopolysaccharide (lps) isolated from certain important gram-negative pathogens including a human pathogen yersinia pestis and opportunistic pathogens burkholderia mallei and burkholderia pseudomallei contains d-glycero-d-talo-oct-2-ulosonic acid (ko), an isosteric analog of 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (kdo). kdo 3-hydroxylase (kdoo), a fe(2+)/α-kg/o2 dependent dioxygenase from burkholderia ambifaria and yersinia pestis is responsible for ko formation with kdo2-lipid a as a substrat ... | 2014 | 25204504 |
| isolation, identification and characterization of burkholderia pseudomallei from soil of coastal region of india. | melioidosis is an emerging infectious disease caused by a free living soil dwelling gram-negative bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei. the disease is endemic to most parts of southeast asia and northern australia and the organism has been isolated from moist soil and water. in india clinical cases are recently reported from the states of tamilnadu, kerala, karnataka, maharashtra, orissa, assam, west bengal, pondicherry and tripura. this study is aimed to confirm the prevalence of this important ... | 2014 | 25187882 |
| the type vi secretion system spike protein vgrg5 mediates membrane fusion during intercellular spread by pseudomallei group burkholderia species. | pseudomallei group burkholderia species are facultative intracellular parasites that spread efficiently from cell to cell by a mechanism involving the fusion of adjacent cell membranes. intercellular fusion requires the function of the cluster 5 type vi secretion system (t6ss-5) and its associated valine-glycine repeat protein, vgrg5. here we show that vgrg5 alleles are conserved and functionally interchangeable between burkholderia pseudomallei and its relatives b. mallei, b. oklahomensis, and ... | 2014 | 24421040 |
| role of burkholderia pseudomallei biofilm formation and lipopolysaccharide in relapse of melioidosis. | we examined whether quantitative biofilm formation and/or lipopolysaccharide type of burkholderia pseudomallei was associated with relapsing melioidosis. we devised a 1:4 nested case-control study in which both cases and controls were drawn from a cohort of patients with primary melioidosis. paired isolates from 80 patients with relapse and single isolates from 184 patients without relapse were tested. relapse was associated with biofilm formation of the primary infecting isolate (conditional or ... | 2014 | 24602145 |
| functional characterization and evaluation of in vitro protective efficacy of murine monoclonal antibodies burk24 and burk37 against burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis has been recognized by cdc as a category b select agent. although substantial efforts have been made for development of vaccine molecules against the pathogen, significant hurdles still remain. with no licensed vaccines available and high relapse rate of the disease, there is a pressing need for development of alternate protection strategies. antibody-mediated passive protection is promising in this regard and our primary interest was ... | 2014 | 24614539 |
| disarming burkholderia pseudomallei: structural and functional characterization of a disulfide oxidoreductase (dsba) required for virulence in vivo. | the intracellular pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei causes the disease melioidosis, a major source of morbidity and mortality in southeast asia and northern australia. the need to develop novel antimicrobials is compounded by the absence of a licensed vaccine and the bacterium's resistance to multiple antibiotics. in a number of clinically relevant gram-negative pathogens, dsba is the primary disulfide oxidoreductase responsible for catalyzing the formation of disulfide bonds in secreted and me ... | 2014 | 23901809 |
| the in vitro antibiotic tolerant persister population in burkholderia pseudomallei is altered by environmental factors. | bacterial persistence due to antibiotic tolerance is a critical aspect of antibiotic treatment failure, disease latency, and chronic or reemergent infections. the levels of persisters is especially notable for the opportunistic gram-negative pathogens from the burkholderia and pseudomonas genera. we examined the rate of drug tolerant persisters in burkholderia pseudomallei, burkholderia thailandensis, burkholderia cepacia complex organisms, and pseudomonas aeruginosa at mid-log growth in lb brot ... | 2015 | 26696964 |
| distinct colicin m-like bacteriocin-immunity pairs in burkholderia. | the escherichia coli bacteriocin colicin m (colm) acts via degradation of the cell wall precursor lipid ii in target cells. colm producers avoid self-inhibition by a periplasmic immunity protein anchored in the inner membrane. in this study, we identified colm-like bacteriocin genes in genomes of several β-proteobacterial strains belonging to the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) and the burkholderia pseudomallei group. two selected burkholderia ambifaria proteins, designated burkhocins m1 and ... | 2015 | 26610609 |
| genomic sequence of burkholderia multivorans nki379, a soil bacterium that inhibits the growth of burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia multivorans nki379 is a soil bacterium that exhibits an antagonistic effect against the growth of burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of the infectious disease melioidosis. we report the draft genomic sequence of b. multivorans nki379, which has a g+c content of 67% and 5,203 candidate protein-encoding genes. | 2015 | 26586873 |
| mechanisms of disease: host-pathogen interactions between burkholderia species and lung epithelial cells. | members of the burkholderia species can cause a range of severe, often fatal, respiratory diseases. a variety of in vitro models of infection have been developed in an attempt to elucidate the mechanism by which burkholderia spp. gain entry to and interact with the body. the majority of studies have tended to focus on the interaction of bacteria with phagocytic cells with a paucity of information available with regard to the lung epithelium. however, the lung epithelium is becoming more widely r ... | 2015 | 26636042 |
| an international, multicentre evaluation and description of burkholderia pseudomallei infection in cystic fibrosis. | several cases of burkholderia pseudomallei infection in cf have been previously reported. we aimed to identify all cases globally, risk factors for acquisition, clinical consequences, and optimal treatment strategies. | 2015 | 26453341 |
| draft genome sequences of burkholderia pseudomallei and staphylococcus aureus, isolated from a patient with chronic rhinosinusitis. | here, we report the draft genome sequences of burkholderia pseudomallei and staphylococcus aureus causing chronic rhinosinusitis. whole-genome sequencing determined the b. pseudomallei as sequence type (st) 1381 and the s. aureus as st8. b. pseudomallei possessed the blaoxa-59 gene. this study illustrates the potential emergence of b. pseudomallei in cases of chronic rhinosinusitis. | 2015 | 26430027 |
| a unique set of the burkholderia collagen-like proteins provides insight into pathogenesis, genome evolution and niche adaptation, and infection detection. | burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia mallei, classified as category b priority pathogens, are significant human and animal pathogens that are highly infectious and broad-spectrum antibiotic resistant. currently, the pathogenicity mechanisms utilized by burkholderia are not fully understood, and correct diagnosis of b. pseudomallei and b. mallei infection remains a challenge due to limited detection methods. here, we provide a comprehensive analysis of a set of 13 novel burkholderia collage ... | 2015 | 26356298 |
| laboratory diagnosis of melioidosis: past, present and future. | melioidosis is an emerging, potentially fatal disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, which requires prolonged antibiotic treatment to prevent disease relapse. however, difficulties in laboratory diagnosis of melioidosis may delay treatment and affect disease outcomes. isolation of b. pseudomallei from clinical specimens has been improved with the use of selective media. however, even with positive cultures, identification of b. pseudomallei can be difficult in clinical microbiology laborat ... | 2015 | 25908634 |
| evaluation of molecular methods to improve the detection of burkholderia pseudomallei in soil and water samples from laos. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the cause of melioidosis, a severe and potentially fatal disease of humans and animals. it is endemic in northern australia and southeast asia and is found in soil and surface water. the environmental distribution of b. pseudomallei worldwide and within countries where it is endemic, such as the lao people's democratic republic (laos), remains unclear. however, this knowledge is important to our understanding of the ecology and epidemiology of b. pseudomallei and to ... | 2015 | 25819969 |
| t cell immunity to the alkyl hydroperoxide reductase of burkholderia pseudomallei: a correlate of disease outcome in acute melioidosis. | there is an urgent need for a better understanding of adaptive immunity to burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis that is frequently associated with sepsis or death in patients in southeast asia and northern australia. the imperative to identify vaccine targets is driven both by the public health agenda in these regions and biological threat concerns. in several intracellular bacterial pathogens, alkyl hydroperoxidase reductases are upregulated as part of the response to h ... | 2015 | 25862821 |
| contribution of the bact/alert mb mycobacterium bottle to bloodstream infection surveillance in thailand: added yield for burkholderia pseudomallei. | community-acquired bloodstream infections cause substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide, but microbiology capacity and surveillance limitations have challenged good descriptions of pathogen distribution in many regions, including southeast asia. active surveillance for bloodstream infections has been conducted in two rural thailand provinces for >7 years. blood specimens were divided into two culture bottles, one optimized for aerobic growth (f bottle) and a second for enhanced growth of m ... | 2015 | 25588650 |
| volatile-sulfur-compound profile distinguishes burkholderia pseudomallei from burkholderia thailandensis. | solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (spme-gcms) was used to show that dimethyl sulfide produced by burkholderia pseudomallei is responsible for its unusual truffle-like smell and distinguishes the species from burkholderia thailandensis. spme-gcms can be safely used to detect dimethyl sulfide produced by agar-grown b. pseudomallei. | 2015 | 25568444 |
| prevalence and identification of burkholderia pseudomallei and near-neighbor species in the malabar coastal region of india. | accurate identification of pathogens with biowarfare importance requires detection tools that specifically differentiate them from near-neighbor species. burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of a fatal disease melioidosis, is one such biothreat agent whose differentiation from its near-neighbor species is always a challenge. this is because of its phenotypic similarity with other burkholderia species which have a wide spread geographical distribution with shared environmental niches. m ... | 2016 | 27632353 |
| metabolomic profiling of plasma from melioidosis patients using uhplc-qtof ms reveals novel biomarkers for diagnosis. | to identify potential biomarkers for improving diagnosis of melioidosis, we compared plasma metabolome profiles of melioidosis patients compared to patients with other bacteremia and controls without active infection, using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry. principal component analysis (pca) showed that the metabolomic profiles of melioidosis patients are distinguishable from bacteremia patients and controls. using mu ... | 2016 | 26927094 |
| global analysis of the burkholderia thailandensis quorum sensing-controlled regulon. | burkholderia thailandensis contains three acyl-homoserine lactone quorum sensing circuits and has two additional luxr homologs. to identify b. thailandensis quorum sensing-controlled genes, we carried out transcriptome sequencing (rna-seq) analyses of quorum sensing mutants and their parent. the analyses were grounded in the fact that we identified genes coding for factors shown previously to be regulated by quorum sensing among a larger set of quorum-controlled genes. we also found that genes c ... | 2014 | 24464461 |
| competition between burkholderia pseudomallei and b. thailandensis. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a gram-negative bacterium that causes melioidosis, an often fatal disease in tropical countries. burkholderia thailandensis is a non-virulent but closely related species. both species are soil saprophytes but are almost never isolated together. | 2015 | 25879538 |
| role of burkholderia pseudomallei sigma n2 in amino acids utilization and in regulation of catalase e expression at the transcriptional level. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis. the complete genome sequences of this pathogen have been revealed, which explain some pathogenic mechanisms. in various hostile conditions, for example, during nitrogen and amino acid starvation, bacteria can utilize alternative sigma factors such as rpos and rpon to modulate genes expression for their adaptation and survival. in this study, we demonstrate that mutagenesis of rpon2, which lies on chromosome 2 of b. pseudomallei and ... | 2015 | 26904748 |
| cloning, expression, and characterization of a peptidoglycan hydrolase from the burkholderia pseudomallei phage st79. | the lytic phage st79 of burkholderia pseudomallei can lyse a broad range of its host including antibiotic resistant isolates from within using a set of proteins, holin, lysb, lysc and endolysin, a peptidoglycan (pg) hydrolase enzyme. the phage st79 endolysin gene identified as peptidase m15a was cloned, expressed and purified to evaluate its potential to lyse pathogenic bacteria. the molecular size of the purified enzyme is approximately 18 kda and the in silico study cited here indicated the pr ... | 2016 | 27637947 |
| melioidosis: molecular aspects of pathogenesis. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a gram-negative bacterium that causes melioidosis, a multifaceted disease that is highly endemic in southeast asia and northern australia. this facultative intracellular pathogen possesses a large genome that encodes a wide array of virulence factors that promote survival in vivo by manipulating host cell processes and disarming elements of the host immune system. antigens and systems that play key roles in b. pseudomallei virulence include capsular polysaccharide, l ... | 2014 | 25312349 |
| genomic characterization of burkholderia pseudomallei isolates selected for medical countermeasures testing: comparative genomics associated with differential virulence. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis and a potential bioterrorism agent. in the development of medical countermeasures against b. pseudomallei infection, the us food and drug administration (fda) animal rule recommends using well-characterized strains in animal challenge studies. in this study, whole genome sequence data were generated for 6 b. pseudomallei isolates previously identified as candidates for animal challenge studies; an additional 5 isolates were sequence ... | 2015 | 25803742 |
| perturbation of the two-component signal transduction system, bprrs, results in attenuated virulence and motility defects in burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a severe invasive disease of humans and animals. initial screening of a b. pseudomallei signature-tagged mutagenesis library identified an attenuated mutant with a transposon insertion in a gene encoding the sensor component of an uncharacterised two-component signal transduction system (tcsts), which we designated bprrs. | 2016 | 27147217 |
| melioidosis presenting as lymphadenitis: a case report. | melioidosis is an infection caused by the facultative intracellular gram-negative bacterium; burkholderia pseudomallei. it gives rise to protean clinical manifestations and has a varied prognosis. although it was rare in sri lanka increasing numbers of cases are being reported with high morbidity and mortality. here we report a case of melioidosis presenting with lymphadenitis which was diagnosed early and treated promptly with a good outcome. | 2014 | 24927768 |
| novel gain of function approaches for vaccine candidate identification in burkholderia pseudomallei. | the gram-negative bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei is a serious environmental pathogen and the causative agent of the often fatal melioidosis. disease occurs following exposure to contaminated water or soil, usually through cuts in the skin or via inhalation. however, the underlying mechanisms of pathogenicity remain poorly understood. b. pseudomallei is endemic to south east asia and northern australia where infections are associated with antibiotic resistance and high mortality rates. categ ... | 2012 | 23316481 |
| an improved method for orit-directed cloning and functionalization of large bacterial genomic regions. | we have made significant improvements to a broad-host-range system for the cloning and manipulation of large bacterial genomic regions based on site-specific recombination between directly repeated orit sites during conjugation. using two suicide capture vectors carrying flanking homology regions, orit sites are recombined on either side of the target region. using a broad-host-range conjugation helper plasmid, the region between the orit sites is conjugated into an escherichia coli recipient st ... | 2013 | 23747708 |
| global transcriptional analysis of burkholderia pseudomallei high and low biofilm producers reveals insights into biofilm production and virulence. | chronic bacterial infections occur as a result of the infecting pathogen's ability to live within a biofilm, hence escaping the detrimental effects of antibiotics and the immune defense system. burkholderia pseudomallei, a gram-negative facultative pathogen, is distinctive in its ability to survive within phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells, to persist in vivo for many years and subsequently leading to relapse as well as the development of chronic disease. the capacity to persist has been attrib ... | 2015 | 26092034 |
| burkholderia genome mining for nonribosomal peptide synthetases reveals a great potential for novel siderophores and lipopeptides synthesis. | burkholderia is an important genus encompassing a variety of species, including pathogenic strains as well as strains that promote plant growth. we have carried out a global strategy, which combined two complementary approaches. the first one is genome guided with deep analysis of genome sequences and the second one is assay guided with experiments to support the predictions obtained in silico. this efficient screening for new secondary metabolites, performed on 48 gapless genomes of burkholderi ... | 2016 | 27060604 |
| functional characterization of burkholderia pseudomallei trimeric autotransporters. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a tier 1 select agent and the causative agent of melioidosis, a severe and often fatal disease with symptoms ranging from acute pneumonia and septic shock to a chronic infection characterized by abscess formation in the lungs, liver, and spleen. autotransporters (ats) are exoproteins belonging to the type v secretion system family, with many playing roles in pathogenesis. the genome of b. pseudomallei strain 1026b encodes nine putative trimeric at proteins, of which ... | 2013 | 23716608 |
| the burkholderia pseudomallei proteins bapa and bapc are secreted ttss3 effectors and bapb levels modulate expression of bope. | many gram-negative pathogens use a type iii secretion system (ttss) for the injection of bacterial effector proteins into host cells. the injected effector proteins play direct roles in modulation of host cell pathways for bacterial benefit. burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, expresses three different ttsss. one of these systems, the ttss3, is essential for escape from host endosomes and therefore intracellular survival and replication. here we have characterized thre ... | 2015 | 26624293 |
| mexxy multidrug efflux system of pseudomonas aeruginosa. | anti-pseudomonas aminoglycosides, such as amikacin and tobramycin, are used in the treatment of pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. however, their use is linked to the development of resistance. during the last decade, the mexxy multidrug efflux system has been comprehensively studied, and numerous reports of laboratory and clinical isolates have been published. this system has been increasingly recognized as one of the primary determinants of aminoglycoside resistance in p. aeruginosa. in p. aer ... | 2012 | 23233851 |
| evolution of burkholderia pseudomallei in recurrent melioidosis. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiologic agent of human melioidosis, is capable of causing severe acute infection with overwhelming septicemia leading to death. a high rate of recurrent disease occurs in adult patients, most often due to recrudescence of the initial infecting strain. pathogen persistence and evolution during such relapsing infections are not well understood. bacterial cells present in the primary inoculum and in late infections may differ greatly, as has been observed in chronic ... | 2012 | 22615773 |