| use of a variable amplicon typing scheme reveals considerable variation in the accessory genomes of isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei. | melioidosis, a disease caused by the bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei, is endemic in southeast asia and northern australia. we used suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) to identify sequences that varied between two b. pseudomallei isolates from australia and determined the distribution of 45 ssh-derived sequences among a panel of b. pseudomallei and b. thailandensis isolates. sequences exhibiting variable prevalence were included in a variable amplicon typing (vat) scheme designed to s ... | 2006 | 16597858 |
| seroprevalence of burkholderia pseudomallei in east timorese refugees: implications for healthcare in east timor. | melioidosis is a disease with protean clinical manifestations caused by the bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei. it is endemic in countries surrounding the newly independent east timor, but has yet to be isolated or demonstrated serologically in that country. one illness that can be clinically indistinguishable from melioidosis is pulmonary tuberculosis, a condition with a very high prevalence in east timor. we used an indirect hemagglutination test (iha) to measure antibodies to b. pseudomallei ... | 2005 | 16610652 |
| roles for arg426 and trp111 in the modulation of nadh oxidase activity of the catalase-peroxidase katg from burkholderia pseudomallei inferred from ph-induced structural changes. | crystals of burkholderia pseudomallei katg retain their ability to diffract x-rays at high resolution after adjustment of the ph from 5.6 to 4.5, 6.5, 7.5, and 8.5, providing a unique view of the effect of ph on protein structure. one significant ph-sensitive change lies in the appearance of a perhydroxy group attached to the indole nitrogen of the active site trp111 above ph 7, similar to a modification originally observed in the ser324thr variant of the enzyme at ph 5.6. the modification forms ... | 2006 | 16618106 |
| genomic fingerprinting of burkholderia pseudomallei and b. mallei pathogens with dna array based on interspecies sequence differences obtained by subtractive hybridization. | the ability to rapidly and efficiently identify causative agents of dangerous human and animal diseases is a prerequisite to diagnosis, prophylaxis and therapy. such identification systems can be developed based on dna markers enabling differentiation between various bacterial strains. one source of these markers is genetic polymorphism. an efficient method for detecting the most stable polymorphisms without knowledge of genomic sequences is subtractive hybridization. in this work we report an a ... | 2006 | 16621455 |
| an improved selective and differential medium for the isolation of burkholderia pseudomallei from clinical specimens. | isolation and culture of burkholderia pseudomallei remains the main stay in the diagnosis of melioidosis. thus, the search for selective and differential media for b. pseudomallei has been ongoing. a number of such media have been reported with varying efficacy. ashdown medium is the most established selective medium for the isolation of b. pseudomallei. there are no reports of differential media differentiating b. pseudomallei from burkholderia cepacia. this report documents such a selective an ... | 2006 | 16626918 |
| unrecognised infection in a cystic fibrosis patient. | we report a 17-year-old malay boy with cystic fibrosis who over a 14-month period experienced worsening respiratory symptoms and deteriorating lung function. burkholderia pseudomallei was eventually isolated from his sputum. he improved clinically following treatment for meliodosis and his lung function returned to normal. | 2006 | 16630326 |
| solution structure of monomeric bsal, the type iii secretion needle protein of burkholderia pseudomallei. | many gram-negative bacteria that are important human pathogens possess type iii secretion systems as part of their required virulence factor repertoire. during the establishment of infection, these pathogens coordinately assemble greater than 20 different proteins into a macromolecular structure that spans the bacterial inner and outer membranes and, in many respects, resembles and functions like a syringe. this type iii secretion apparatus (ttsa) is used to inject proteins into a host cell's me ... | 2006 | 16631790 |
| an electronmicroscopic study of the interaction of burkholderia pseudomallei and human macrophages. | b. pseudomallei has been shown to persist intracellularly in melioidosis patients until reactivated by decreasing immunocompetence. we have shown by transmission electron microscopy the internalization of b. pseudomallei by human macrophages via conventional phagocytosis enclosed within membrane-bound vacuoles or phagosomes. ferritin labeled lysosomes provided evidence of phagosome-lysosome fusion. ingested bacilli were designated as "intact" or "damaged" on the basis of their ultrastructural fe ... | 2005 | 16676686 |
| [cellular fatty acid composition of the burkholderia mallei and burkholderia pseudomallei strains as generic feature of burkholderia]. | the cellular fatty acid compositions of studied two strains of burkholderia mallei and a strain of burkholderia pseudomallei are represented by saturated and monounsaturated straight chain fatty acids with 14-18 carbon atoms, cyclopropane fatty acids c(17 inverted delta) and c(19 inverted delta), and hydroxy acids 3-oh-c14:0, 2-oh-c(16:0), and 3-oh-c(16:0). the strain variation of cyclopropane and unsaturated fatty acid levels was observed. the cellular fatty acid spectra of studied bacteria did ... | 2006 | 16686216 |
| phenotypic characterization of three clinical isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei in ceará, brazil. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis was found in a small cluster of cases in tejuçuoca, ceará, brazil. tests were carried out to determine its phenotypic characteristics: colony morphology on ashdown agar and macconkey agar, biochemical profile in conventional biochemical tests and api 20ne, arabinose assimilation and susceptibility testing by disk diffusion, comparing with data in the literature. this study confirms the presence of b. pseudomallei in brazil and describ ... | 2006 | 16699716 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei infections in finnish tourists injured by the december 2004 tsunami in thailand. | | 2005 | 16702634 |
| identification of burkholderia pseudomallei genes required for the intracellular life cycle and in vivo virulence. | the bacterial pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei invades host cells, escapes from endocytic vesicles, multiplies intracellularly, and induces the formation of actin tails and membrane protrusions, leading to direct cell-to-cell spreading. this study was aimed at the identification of b. pseudomallei genes responsible for the different steps of this intracellular life cycle. b. pseudomallei transposon mutants were screened for a reduced ability to form plaques on ptk2 cell monolayers as a result ... | 2006 | 16714590 |
| genomic patterns of pathogen evolution revealed by comparison of burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, to avirulent burkholderia thailandensis. | the gram-negative bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei (bp) is the causative agent of the human disease melioidosis. to understand the evolutionary mechanisms contributing to bp virulence, we performed a comparative genomic analysis of bp k96243 and b. thailandensis (bt) e264, a closely related but avirulent relative. | 2006 | 16725056 |
| role of selective and nonselective media for isolation of burkholderia pseudomallei from throat swabs of patients with melioidosis. | | 2006 | 16757651 |
| development of antibodies to burkholderia pseudomallei during childhood in melioidosis-endemic northeast thailand. | a cross-sectional serological survey of 2,214 children living in northeast thailand was conducted to define the antibody response to burkholderia pseudomallei from birth to 14 years. there was a sharp rise in detectable antibodies from birth to 4 years followed by reactivity in approximately 60-70% of children thereafter. | 2006 | 16760522 |
| polysaccharide microarray technology for the detection of burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia mallei antibodies. | a polysaccharide microarray platform was prepared by immobilizing burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia mallei polysaccharides. this polysaccharide array was tested with success for detecting b. pseudomallei and b. mallei serum (human and animal) antibodies. the advantages of this microarray technology over the current serodiagnosis of the above bacterial infections were discussed. | 2006 | 16765554 |
| management of melioidosis. | melioidosis is a serious human infection caused by the environmental gram-negative bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei. outcome following melioidosis remains poor despite 20 years of clinical research. overall mortality is 50% in north-east thailand (35% in children) and 19% in australia. relapse is common (13% over 10 years), and results from failure to eradicate the organism. treatment is required to complete 12-20 weeks, or longer if clinically indicated. this is divided into intravenous and ... | 2006 | 16771621 |
| is a honeycomb appearance on computer tomography characteristic for burkholderia pseudomallei liver abscess? | | 2006 | 16779761 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of natural toxins and animal venoms tested against burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei are the causative agent of melioidosis. increasing resistance of the disease to antibiotics is a severe problem in treatment regime and has led to intensification of the search for new drugs. antimicrobial peptides are the most ubiquitous in nature as part of the innate immune system and host defense mechanism. | 2006 | 16784542 |
| clinical variation in melioidosis in pigs with clonal infection following possible environmental contamination from bore water. | an outbreak of melioidosis occurred in pigs on a rural property in the tropical north of the northern territory of australia. the pigs were mostly asymptomatic but lesions in the parotid glands suggested an oral route of infection. skin lesions were also common and one piglet had disseminated infection. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed an identical pattern amongst burkholderia pseudomallei isolates from the pigs, with similarity to an isolate from the unchlorinated bore water supplying th ... | 2007 | 16807011 |
| nonrandom distribution of burkholderia pseudomallei clones in relation to geographical location and virulence. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a soil-dwelling saprophyte and the causative agent of melioidosis, a life-threatening human infection. most cases are reported from northeast thailand and northern australia. using multilocus sequence typing (mlst), we have compared (i) soil and invasive isolates from northeast thailand and (ii) invasive isolates from thailand and australia. a total of 266 thai b. pseudomallei isolates were characterized (83 soil and 183 invasive). these corresponded to 123 sequence ... | 2006 | 16825379 |
| comparison by electron microscopy of intracellular events and survival of burkholderia pseudomallei in monocytes from normal subjects and patients with melioidosis. | burkholderia pseudomallei (b. pseudomallei) has been shown to persist intracellularly in patients with melioidosis, until reactivated by decreasing immunocompetence. we have previously demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy, the internalisation of b. pseudomallei by human macrophages and the occurrence of phagosome-lysosome fusion. | 2006 | 16865211 |
| functional genetic analysis reveals a 2-alkyl-4-quinolone signaling system in the human pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei and related bacteria. | pseudomonas aeruginosa synthesizes diverse 2-alkyl-4(1h)-quinolones (ahqs), including the signaling molecule 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4(1h)-quinolone (pqs), via the pqsabcde locus. by examining the genome databases, homologs of the pqs genes were identified in other bacteria. however, apart from p. aeruginosa, only burkholderia pseudomallei and b. thailandensis contained a complete pqsa-e operon (termed hhqa-e). by introducing the b. pseudomallei hhqa and hhqe genes into p. aeruginosa pqsa and pqse mu ... | 2006 | 16873018 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction analysis of bipd, a virulence factor from burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, possesses a protein-secretion apparatus that is similar to those found in salmonella and shigella. a major function of these secretion systems is to secrete virulence-associated proteins into target cells of the host organism. the bipd gene of b. pseudomallei encodes a secreted virulence factor that is similar in sequence and most likely functionally analogous to ipad from shigella and sipd from salmonella. thus, the bipd protein is ... | 2006 | 16880550 |
| multilocus sequence typing of historical burkholderia pseudomallei isolates collected in southeast asia from 1964 to 1967 provides insight into the epidemiology of melioidosis. | a collection of 207 historically relevant burkholderia pseudomallei isolates was analyzed by multilocus sequence typing (mlst). the strain collection contains environmental isolates obtained from a geographical distribution survey of b. pseudomallei isolates in thailand (1964 to 1967), as well as stock cultures and colony variants from the u.s. army medical research unit (malaysia), the walter reed army institute for research, and the pasteur institute (vietnam). the 207 isolates of the collecti ... | 2006 | 16891516 |
| clinical evaluation of a type iii secretion system real-time pcr assay for diagnosing melioidosis. | a burkholderia pseudomallei type iii secretion system real-time pcr assay was evaluated on clinical specimens in a region where melioidosis is endemic. the pcr was positive in 30/33 (91%) patients with culture-confirmed melioidosis. all six patients with melioidosis septic shock were blood pcr positive, suggesting potential for rapid diagnosis and commencement of appropriate therapy. | 2006 | 16891534 |
| characterization of the mrgrs locus of the opportunistic pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei: temperature regulates the expression of a two-component signal transduction system. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a saprophyte in tropical environments and an opportunistic human pathogen. this versatility requires a sensing mechanism that allows the bacterium to respond rapidly to altered environmental conditions. we characterized a two-component signal transduction locus from b. pseudomallei 204, mrgr and mrgs, encoding products with extensive homology with response regulators and histidine protein kinases of escherichia coli, bordetella pertussis, and vibrio cholerae. | 2006 | 16893462 |
| imported melioidosis--south florida, 2005. | in 2005, two cases of melioidosis (one in august, one in october) were reported to the florida department of health, the first cases since reporting the disease became mandatory in florida in 2003. in one case, burkholderia pseudomallei was not recognized as the bacterium that causes the disease melioidosis, which led to a delay in reporting the case to the local health department. in both cases, delayed recognition and unsafe laboratory practices resulted in laboratory workers being exposed to ... | 2006 | 16915220 |
| the innate interferon gamma response of balb/c and c57bl/6 mice to in vitro burkholderia pseudomallei infection. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent for melioidosis. for many bacterial infections, cytokine dysregulation is one of the contributing factors to the severe clinical outcomes in the susceptible hosts. the c57bl/6 and balb/c mice have been established as a differential model of susceptibility in murine melioidosis. in this study, we compared the innate ifn-gamma response to b. pseudomallei between the c57bl/6 and balb/c splenocytes and characterized the hyperproduction of ifn-gamma in ... | 2006 | 16919160 |
| in silico analysis of burkholderia pseudomallei genome sequence for potential drug targets. | recent advances in dna sequencing technology have enabled elucidation of whole genome information from a plethora of organisms. in parallel with this technology, various bioinformatics tools have driven the comparative analysis of the genome sequences between species and within isolates. while drawing meaningful conclusions from a large amount of raw material, computer-aided identification of suitable targets for further experimental analysis and characterization, has also led to the prediction ... | 2006 | 16922696 |
| temperature-regulated microcolony formation by burkholderia pseudomallei requires pila and enhances association with cultured human cells. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a potentially fatal disease that is endemic to northern australia and southeast asia and is acquired from soil or water. adherence of b. pseudomallei 08 to cultured cells increases dramatically following prior growth at 30 degrees c or less compared to that following prior growth at 37 degrees c. here, we show that this occurs almost entirely as the result of microcolony formation (bacterium-bacterium interactions) following growth ... | 2006 | 16926432 |
| development of mouse hybridomas for production of monoclonal antibodies specific to burkholderia mallei and burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia mallei and b. pseudomallei are designated category b biothreat agents on the "select agents" list established by the nih and cdc. development of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) that could effectively differentiate these two closely related species of bacteria and other non-pathogenic burkholderia bacteria is urgently needed. splenocytes from mice immunized with various antigen preparations from either b. mallei (american type culture collection [atcc] 23344) or b. pseudomallei (atcc 23 ... | 2006 | 16934015 |
| pyogenic liver abscess caused by burkholderia pseudomallei in taiwan. | pyogenic liver abscess in taiwan is a well-known disease entity, commonly associated with a single pathogen, klebsiella pneumoniae. melioidosis is an endemic disease in taiwan that can manifest as multiple abscesses in sites including the liver. we report three cases of liver abscesses caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. the first patient was a 54-year-old diabetic woman, who presented with liver abscess and a left subphrenic abscess resulting from a ruptured splenic abscess, co-infected with k ... | 2006 | 16935773 |
| melioidosis. | melioidosis is increasingly recognized around the world. despite several decades of clinical research, the mortality rate for melioidosis remains high. this review focuses on studies that relate to patient management, including risk factors, diagnosis, treatment and prediction of the outcome. a brief summary of studies relating to genomics and genotyping, immunology and pathogenesis is provided. | 2006 | 16940864 |
| a man with a saccular aneurysm of the left common iliac artery. | | 2006 | 16941374 |
| expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of bipd, a component of the burkholderia pseudomallei type iii secretion system. | a construct consisting of residues 10-310 of bipd, a component of the burkholderia pseudomallei type iii secretion system (t3ss), has been overexpressed as a gst fusion, cleaved from the gst tag and purified. crystals were grown of native and selenomethionine-labelled bipd. the crystals grow in two different polymorphs from the same condition. the first polymorph belongs to space group c222, with unit-cell parameters a = 103.98, b = 122.79, c = 49.17 a, a calculated matthews coefficient of 2.4 a ... | 2006 | 16946464 |
| high resolution structure of bipd: an invasion protein associated with the type iii secretion system of burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkoldheria pseudomallei is a gram-negative bacterium that possesses a protein secretion system similar to those found in salmonella and shigella. recent work has indicated that the protein encoded by the bipd gene of b. pseudomallei is an important secreted virulence factor. bipd is similar in sequence to ipad from shigella and sipd from salmonella and is therefore likely to be a translocator protein in the type-iii secretion system of b. pseudomallei. the crystal structure of bipd has been so ... | 2006 | 16950399 |
| antibiotic susceptibility of 50 clinical isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei from singapore. | | 2006 | 16951412 |
| burkholderia oklahomensis sp. nov., a burkholderia pseudomallei-like species formerly known as the oklahoma strain of pseudomonas pseudomallei. | c6786, the clinical isolate of the 'oklahoma' strain of pseudomonas (now burkholderia) pseudomallei, was originally isolated in 1973 from a wound infection resulting from a farming accident in oklahoma, usa. environmental isolates c7532 and c7533 from the oklahoma accident site were found to match c6786. these three isolates and a clinical isolate originally identified as b. pseudomallei that was recovered from a person in georgia, usa, involved in an automobile accident were characterized by bi ... | 2006 | 16957116 |
| environmental factors that affect the survival and persistence of burkholderia pseudomallei. | | 2006 | 16980433 |
| melioidosis: an imported case from madagascar. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is endemic in southeast asia and northern australia but is a rare pathogen in other parts of the world. no human case of melioidosis has been reported in madagascar until now. we describe a case of pulmonary melioidosis probably acquired in madagascar. | 2006 | 16987131 |
| the bacterial gene lfpa influences the potent induction of calcitonin receptor and osteoclast-related genes in burkholderia pseudomallei-induced trap-positive multinucleated giant cells. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a facultative intracellular pathogen and the causative agent of melioidosis, a spectrum of potentially fatal diseases endemic in northern australia and south-east asia. we demonstrate that b. pseudomallei rapidly modifies infected macrophage-like cells in a manner analagous to osteoclastogenesis. these alterations include multinucleation and the expression by infected cells of mrna for factors required for osteoclastogenesis: the chemokines monocyte chemotactic prote ... | 2007 | 16987331 |
| genome-wide expression analysis of burkholderia pseudomallei infection in a hamster model of acute melioidosis. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis and represents a potential bioterrorism threat. in the current studies we have examined gene expression in b. pseudomallei in an animal model of acute melioidosis using whole-genome microarrays. gene expression profiles were generated by comparing transcriptional levels of b. pseudomallei-expressed genes in infected hamster organs including liver, lung, and spleen following intraperitoneal and intranasal routes of infection to those ... | 2006 | 16988221 |
| global map of growth-regulated gene expression in burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis. | many microbial pathogens express specific virulence traits at distinct growth phases. to understand the molecular pathways linking bacterial growth to pathogenicity, we have characterized the growth transcriptome of burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis. using a fine-scale sampling approach, we found approximately 17% of all b. pseudomallei genes displaying regulated expression during growth in rich medium, occurring as broad waves of functionally coherent gene expression ... | 2006 | 16997946 |
| role of inducible nitric oxide synthase and nadph oxidase in early control of burkholderia pseudomallei infection in mice. | infection with the soil bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei can result in a variety of clinical outcomes, including asymptomatic infection. the initial immune defense mechanisms which might contribute to the various outcomes after environmental contact with b. pseudomallei are largely unknown. we have previously shown that relatively resistant c57bl/6 mice can restrict bacterial b. pseudomallei growth more efficiently within 1 day after infection than highly susceptible balb/c mice. by using thi ... | 2006 | 17000727 |
| pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic assessment of co-amoxiclav in the treatment of melioidosis. | we conducted a prospective pharmacokinetic study of oral co-amoxiclav in patients with melioidosis to determine the optimal dosage and dosing interval in this potentially fatal infection. | 2006 | 17003061 |
| method for regulated expression of single-copy efflux pump genes in a surrogate pseudomonas aeruginosa strain: identification of the bpeef-oprc chloramphenicol and trimethoprim efflux pump of burkholderia pseudomallei 1026b. | construction and integration of recombinant mini-tn7 expression vectors into the chromosome of a surrogate, efflux-sensitized, and biosafe pseudomonas aeruginosa host was validated as a generally applicable method for studies of uncharacterized bacterial efflux pumps. using this method, the burkholderia pseudomallei bpeef-oprc operon was shown to encode a chloramphenicol and trimethoprim efflux pump. | 2006 | 17005832 |
| melioidosis in an italian tourist injured by the tsunami in thailand. | | 2006 | 17024805 |
| comparative proteomic profiles and the potential markers between burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia thailandensis. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a bacterial pathogen causing the melioidosis disease, which is predominantly found in tropical areas of southeast asia and northern australia. burkholderia thailandensis is a closely related species to b. pseudomallei but it is non-pathogenic species. in this study, we have constructed a proteome reference map of b. pseudomallei at the stationary phase of growth by using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis with a ph 4-7 immobilized ph gradient combined with matrix-as ... | 2007 | 17030112 |
| melioidosis with endophthalmitis. | | 2006 | 17030726 |
| septic arthritis caused by burkholderia pseudomallei: case report and review of the literature. | we describe a case of septic arthritis and bacteremia caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, a bacterium that is endemic in east asia and northern australia. we believe that dissemination occurred in our patient after surgical excision of a pulmonary nodule. bacteremic melioidosis can present with musculoskeletal involvement in 2-10% of patients, but septic arthritis is uncommon. a review of the literature shows a total of 66 patients reported with septic arthritis caused by this organism. patient ... | 2001 | 17039142 |
| a live experimental vaccine against burkholderia pseudomallei elicits cd4+ t cell-mediated immunity, priming t cells specific for 2 type iii secretion system proteins. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the etiological agent of melioidosis, a serious human disease for which no vaccine is available. immunization of susceptible balb/c mice with the live attenuated mutant b. pseudomallei ilvi (referred to as "2d2") generated significant, although incomplete, immunity. splenic b. pseudomallei-specific t cells, detected in immunized mice, proliferated and produced interferon-gamma in vitro in response to dead bacteria. assessment of t cell antigen specificity indicated t ... | 2006 | 17041850 |
| activity of tigecycline in the treatment of acute burkholderia pseudomallei infection in a murine model. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis. standard therapy includes ceftazidime alone or in combination with co-trimoxazole. tigecycline, a novel agent, has displayed activity against b. pseudomallei. we evaluated the in vivo efficacy of tigecycline using a murine model of melioidosis. mice were infected with either a high or low virulence b. pseudomallei isolate followed by administration of antibiotics alone or in combination (tigecycline, ceftazidime, tigecycline plus c ... | 2006 | 17046208 |
| pneumonia and septicemia caused by burkholderia thailandensis in the united states. | burkholderia thailandensis is closely related to burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis. it is generally considered avirulent and previously has been reported to occur only in southeast asia. we report the first case of pneumonia and septicemia caused by b. thailandensis in the united states. | 2006 | 17050819 |
| cutaneous melioidosis. | melioidosis is an infection caused by the gram-negative bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei. this disease is endemic in southeast asia and north australia with sporadic occurrence in temperate countries, mostly imported from travellers. any organ can be involved in melioidosis whereby burkholderia pseudomallei causes an acute inflammatory reaction with rapid development of small abcesses which tend to coalesce to form larger abscesses. cutaneous manifestations vary greatly. we report a man with ... | 2006 | 17062053 |
| two alternative substrate paths for compound i formation and reduction in catalase-peroxidase katg from burkholderia pseudomallei. | five residues in the multifunctional catalase-peroxidase katg of burkholderia pesudomallei are essential for catalase, but not peroxidase, activity. asp141 is the only one of these catalase-specific residues not related with the covalent adduct found in katgs that when replaced with a nonacidic residue reduces catalase activity to 5% of native levels. replacing the nearby catalytic residue arg108 causes a reduction in catalase activity to 35% of native levels, whereas a variant with both asp141 ... | 2007 | 17063492 |
| self-chaperoning of the type iii secretion system needle tip proteins ipad and bipd. | bacteria expressing type iii secretion systems (t3ss) have been responsible for the deaths of millions worldwide, acting as key virulence elements in diseases ranging from plague to typhoid fever. the t3ss is composed of a basal body, which traverses both bacterial membranes, and an external needle through which effector proteins are secreted. we report multiple crystal structures of two proteins that sit at the tip of the needle and are essential for virulence: ipad from shigella flexneri and b ... | 2007 | 17077085 |
| pcr-based identification of burkholderia pseudomallei. | dna amplification techniques are being used increasingly in clinical laboratories to confirm the identity of medically important bacteria. a pcr-based identification method has been in use in our centre for 10 years for burkholderia pseudomallei and was used to confirm the identity of bacteria isolated from cases of melioidosis in ceará since 2003. this particular method has been used as a reference standard for less discriminatory methods. in this study we evaluated three pcr-based methods of b ... | 2006 | 17086309 |
| accuracy of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using crude and purified antigens for serodiagnosis of melioidosis. | five enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays developed to detect antibodies to different burkholderia pseudomallei antigen preparations were evaluated as diagnostic tests for melioidosis in northeast thailand. the highest diagnostic indices were observed for an affinity-purified antigen (sensitivity, 82%; specificity, 72%) and crude b. pseudomallei antigen (sensitivity, 81%; specificity, 70%), an improvement over the indirect hemagglutination assay (sensitivity, 73%; specificity, 64%). | 2007 | 17093104 |
| in vitro motility of a population of clinical burkholderia pseudomallei isolates. | melioidosis, a serious infection caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, is a leading cause of community-acquired sepsis in northeast thailand, and the commonest cause of death from community-acquired pneumonia in the top end of northern australia. the causative organism is a gram-negative, motile bacillus that is a facultative intracellular pathogen. b. pseudomallei flagella have been proposed as a possible vaccine candidate and putative virulence determinant. flagella expression was highly conser ... | 2006 | 17100392 |
| a biocompatible microdevice for core body temperature monitoring in the early diagnosis of infectious disease. | the early diagnosis of microbial infection is critical to the clinical instigation of effective post-exposure prophylaxis or therapy. however, diagnosis of infection is often attempted only when there are overt clinical signs, and for some of the serious human pathogens, this may jeopardize the efficacy of therapy. we have used a miniaturised sealed, implantable transponder incorporating a calibrated temperature sensor with an external receiver system, to monitor core body temperature (tc) remot ... | 2007 | 17106641 |
| computed tomography characteristics of burkholderia pseudomallei-associated liver abscess. | | 2006 | 17109298 |
| the mvin homolog in burkholderia pseudomallei is essential for viability and virulence. | the virulence factors of burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, are not fully understood. we have identified a gene with homology to the salmonella typhimurium mouse virulence gene, mvin, a member of the mouse virulence factor family. expression studies with an insertional mutant containing a lux operon demonstrated that the expression of the gene is influenced by free-iron availability in the media and by growth phase. the mutant displayed an increased ld50 value in the ... | 2006 | 17110975 |
| biological relevance of colony morphology and phenotypic switching by burkholderia pseudomallei. | melioidosis is a notoriously protracted illness and is difficult to cure. we hypothesize that the causative organism, burkholderia pseudomallei, undergoes a process of adaptation involving altered expression of surface determinants which facilitates persistence in vivo and that this is reflected by changes in colony morphology. a colony morphotyping scheme and typing algorithm were developed using clinical b. pseudomallei isolates. morphotypes were divided into seven types (denoted i to vii). ty ... | 2007 | 17114252 |
| short report: melioidosis in myanmar: forgotten but not gone? | a serologic survey of adults resident in myanmar was conducted to define the presence of antibodies to burkholderia pseudomallei, the cause of melioidosis. antibodies were detectable by indirect hemagglutination assay (iha) in 757 (78%) of 968 adults, of whom 69 (7%) had an iha titer > or =1:160. | 2006 | 17123993 |
| melioidosis in the americas. | melioidosis is a potentially severe bacterial infection caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. there has been growing awareness of the disease in the americas, particularly since the vietnam conflict when it was diagnosed in returning service personnel. accidental laboratory exposure indicates the difficulty making a culture-based diagnosis when melioidosis has not been considered in the differential diagnosis. melioidosis is most likely underdiagnosed in tropical central and south america where c ... | 2006 | 17123994 |
| synergistic interaction between phenothiazines and antimicrobial agents against burkholderia pseudomallei. | the gram-negative soil bacillus burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a severe and potentially fatal septicemic disease that is endemic to southeast asia and northern australia. its intrinsic resistance to many antibiotics is attributed mainly to the presence of several drug efflux pumps, and therefore, inhibitors of such pumps are expected to restore the activities of many clinically important antimicrobial agents that are the substrates of these pumps. the phenothiaz ... | 2007 | 17145801 |
| a critical role for neutrophils in resistance to experimental infection with burkholderia pseudomallei. | inhalation is an important route of infection with burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis. in resistant c57bl/6 mice, activated neutrophils are rapidly recruited to the lungs after intranasal b. pseudomallei infection. prevention of this response by use of the anti-gr-1+ cell-depleting monoclonal antibody rb6-8c5 severely exacerbated disease, resulting in an acute lethal infection associated with a 1000-fold increase in lung bacterial loads within 4 days. c57bl/6 interfero ... | 2007 | 17152013 |
| quorum sensing regulates dpsa and the oxidative stress response in burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a fatal human tropical disease. the non-specific dna-binding protein dpsa plays a key role in protecting b. pseudomallei from oxidative stress mediated, for example, by organic hydroperoxides. the regulation of dpsa expression is poorly understood but one possibility is that it is regulated in a cell population density-dependent manner via n-acylhomoserine lactone (ahl)-dependent quorum sensing (qs) since a lux-box motif has been l ... | 2006 | 17159218 |
| flagellin contamination of recombinant heat shock protein 70 is responsible for its activity on t cells. | heat shock proteins (hsp) 60 and 70 have been intensively studied for their ability to activate innate immunity. heat shock proteins had been shown to induce the activation of dendritic cells, t cells, and b cells. however, the possible contamination of endotoxin in heat shock protein preparations makes their function as an activator of immune system ambiguous. here, we examined the ability of bacterial hsp60 and hsp70 to activate jurkat t cells and primary t cells. we found that burkholderia ps ... | 2007 | 17178717 |
| fatal burkholderia pseudomallei septicaemia. | | 2006 | 17180814 |
| recurrent melioidosis: possible role of infection with multiple strains of burkholderia pseudomallei. | | 2007 | 17182754 |
| development of signature-tagged mutagenesis in burkholderia pseudomallei to identify genes important in survival and pathogenesis. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is an important human pathogen in southeast asia and northern australia for which a vaccine is unavailable. a panel of 892 double signature-tagged mutants was screened for virulence using an intranasal balb/c mouse model of infection. a novel dna tag microarray identified 33 mutants as being attenuated in spleens, while 6 were attenuated in both lungs and spleens. the transposon insertion sites in spleen-attenuated mutants revealed g ... | 2007 | 17189432 |
| immunostimulatory flagellin from burkholderia pseudomallei effects on an increase in the intracellular calcium concentration and up-regulation of tnf-alpha by mononuclear cells. | using flow cytometry analysis, the flagellin of burkholderia pseudomallei acts as a signalling inducer, and evokes an increase in the intracellular calcium ion concentration ([ca(2+)]i) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc). the cells with increased [ca(2+)]i segregate into the live monocyte gate and not into the live lymphocyte gates. the stimulated [ca(2+)]i increase can be neutralized with anti-flagellin antibodies. in the absence of [ca(2+)], [ca(2+)]i was increased rapidly in f ... | 2007 | 17237602 |
| expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (socs3) and cytokine-inducible src homology 2-containing protein (cis) induced in burkholderia pseudomallei--infected mouse macrophages requires bacterial internalization. | we recently reported that burkholderia pseudomallei was able to activate the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (socs3) and cytokine-inducible src homology 2-containing protein (cis). in the present study, we presented evidence showing that the induction of these negative regulators was most probably triggered from within rather than at the cell surface of mouse macrophage cell line (raw264.7) suggesting that macrophage activation most likely requires the interaction of bacteria wi ... | 2007 | 17240114 |
| melioidosis: a potentially life threatening infection. | melioidosis is caused by the gram-negative bacillus, burkholderia pseudomallei. it is endemic in tropical australia and in southeast asian countries. the overall mortality from this infection remains extremely high despite recent advancement in its treatment. this review discuss about clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management of melioidosis. | 2006 | 17240600 |
| identification of burkholderia pseudomallei and related bacteria by multiple-locus sequence typing-derived pcr and real-time pcr. | close relatedness and genomic plasticity characterizing the high-threat pathogens burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia mallei render the molecular diagnosis of these species hard to guarantee with a maximal confidence level. this article describes fast molecular assays derived from compiled sequences of housekeeping genes determined in more than 1,000 strains. the assays proved to be robust and appropriate for general detection as well as species identification purposes. | 2007 | 17251403 |
| vntr analysis of selected outbreaks of burkholderia pseudomallei in australia. | molecular typing methods for burkholderia pseudomallei have been successful at assigning isolates into epidemiologically related groups, but have not been able to detect differences and define evolutionary patterns within groups. our variable number tandem repeat (vntr) analysis of a set of 121 australian b. pseudomallei isolates, 104 of which were associated with nine epidemiological groups, provides fine scale differentiation even among very closely related isolates. we used a bayesian model b ... | 2007 | 17258514 |
| redox intermediates in the catalase cycle of catalase-peroxidases from synechocystis pcc 6803, burkholderia pseudomallei, and mycobacterium tuberculosis. | monofunctional catalases (ec 1.11.1.6) and catalase-peroxidases (katgs, ec 1.11.1.7) have neither sequence nor structural homology, but both catalyze the dismutation of hydrogen peroxide (2h2o2 --> 2h2o + o2). in monofunctional catalases, the catalatic mechanism is well-characterized with conventional compound i [oxoiron(iv) porphyrin pi-cation radical intermediate] being responsible for hydrogen peroxide oxidation. the reaction pathway in katgs is not as clearly defined, and a comprehensive rap ... | 2007 | 17260948 |
| hon-yaku: a biology-driven bayesian methodology for identifying translation initiation sites in prokaryotes. | computational prediction methods are currently used to identify genes in prokaryote genomes. however, identification of the correct translation initiation sites remains a difficult task. accurate translation initiation sites (tiss) are important not only for the annotation of unknown proteins but also for the prediction of operons, promoters, and small non-coding rna genes, as this typically makes use of the intergenic distance. a further problem is that most existing methods are optimized for e ... | 2007 | 17286872 |
| a case of prostatitis due to burkholderia pseudomallei. | a 67-year-old male, with a history of stable lower urinary tract symptoms, diabetes mellitus, benign prostatic hyperplasia, gonococcal urethritis, and excessive alcohol consumption, presented to the emergency room with sepsis and acute bacterial prostatitis. he had recently returned from a visit to indonesia, where he had been a first-hand witness to the 2004 tsunami. | 2007 | 17287872 |
| the identification of surface proteins of burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of the disease melioidosis is a human pathogen endemic in northern australia and south-east asia. at present there is no available vaccine or effective treatment for this disease. surface proteins play crucial roles in the host-pathogen interaction and have been exploited as vaccine candidates and diagnostic targets. therefore, we wished to identify immunogenic surface proteins of b. pseudomallei. to this end we used two proteomic-based approaches i ... | 2007 | 17289218 |
| aetiology and management of chronic granulomatous osteomyelitis: look before you leap. | we report a rare difficult-to-manage case of chronic granulomatous osteomyelitis due to burkholderia pseudomallei, the category two organism with atypical sensitivity pattern. the patient was a 29-year-old who presented with a history of dull aching pain in the left thigh region for one year. local examination revealed a diffuse swelling and tenderness. any similar presentation should therefore always be supported by microbiological opinion to prevent prolonged morbidity, especially in immunocom ... | 2007 | 17304376 |
| suitability of partial 16s ribosomal rna gene sequence analysis for the identification of dangerous bacterial pathogens. | in a bioterrorism event a rapid tool is needed to identify relevant dangerous bacteria. the aim of the study was to assess the usefulness of partial 16s rrna gene sequence analysis and the suitability of diverse databases for identifying dangerous bacterial pathogens. | 2007 | 17309636 |
| subdural empyema due to burkholderia pseudomallei. | | 2000 | 17322677 |
| conformational stability and differential structural analysis of lcrv, pcrv, bipd, and sipd from type iii secretion systems. | diverse gram-negative bacteria use type iii secretion systems (t3ss) to translocate effector proteins into the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. the type iii secretion apparatus (t3sa) consists of a basal body spanning both bacterial membranes and an external needle. a sensor protein lies at the needle tip to detect environmental signals that trigger type iii secretion. the shigella flexneri t3sa needle tip protein, invasion plasmid antigen d (ipad), possesses two independently folding domains in v ... | 2007 | 17327391 |
| successful treatment of life-threatening melioidosis with activated protein c and meropenem. | melioidosis is an endemic disease in southeast asia and northern australia, caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. a typhoon-related outbreak occurred in southern taiwan in july 2005. high mortality in melioidosis associated with bacteremic pneumonia and septic shock. we report a patient with life-threatening melioidosis who developed rapid progression of bacteremic pneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction and was successfully treated with rec ... | 2007 | 17332913 |
| altered proteome in burkholderia pseudomallei rpoe operon knockout mutant: insights into mechanisms of rpoe operon in stress tolerance, survival, and virulence. | we have previously shown that the alternative sigma factor sigmae (rpoe), encoded by rpoe, is involved in stress tolerance and survival of burkholderia pseudomallei. however, its molecular and pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear. in the present study, we applied gel-based, differential proteomics to compare the cellular proteome of an rpoe operon knockout mutant (rpoe mut) to that of wild-type (k96243 wt) b. pseudomallei. quantitative intensity analysis (n = 5 gels from 5 individual culture fla ... | 2007 | 17346071 |
| mycobacterium avium and burkholderia pseudomallei (melioidosis) coinfection in an hiv-positive patient. | a 29 year old hiv positive thai female with cd4 count of 10 cells/mm3 presented with chronic diffuse abdominal pain, fever, weight loss, anemia and leucopenia. ultrasonography demonstrated diffuse upper abdominal lymphadenopathy with ascites. microbiological and molecular work up of the specimen obtained by ultrasound-guided lymph node aspiration revealed co-infection with burkholderia pseudomallei and mycobacterium avium. indirect hemagglutination, igm-indirect fluorescent antibody, and igg-ind ... | 2006 | 17348247 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei animal and human isolates from malaysia exhibit different phenotypic characteristics. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a gram-negative saprophytic soil bacterium, which is the etiologic agent of melioidosis, a severe and fatal infectious disease occurring in human and animals. distinct clinical and animal isolates have been shown to exhibit differences in phenotypic trait such as growth rate, colony morphology, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence. this study was carried out to gain insight into the intrinsic differences between 4 clinical and 6 animal b. pseudomallei isolates fro ... | 2007 | 17350202 |
| development and clinical evaluation of a pcr assay targeting the metalloprotease gene (mpra) of b. pseudomallei. | a pcr assay targeting the metalloprotease gene (mpra) of burkholderia pseudomallei was developed for the specific detection of this organism in pure cultures and clinical samples. all other closely related organisms including b. mallei the causative agent of glanders, and b. thailandensis tested negative. burkholderia pseudomallei dna was successfully amplified from paraffin-embedded lung tissue of a camel with a generalized b. pseudomallei infection. the developed pcr assay can be used as a sim ... | 2007 | 17359446 |
| evaluation of the wayson stain for the rapid diagnosis of melioidosis. | | 2007 | 17360835 |
| burkholderia hep_hag autotransporter (buha) proteins elicit a strong antibody response during experimental glanders but not human melioidosis. | the bacterial biothreat agents burkholderia mallei and burkholderia pseudomallei are the cause of glanders and melioidosis, respectively. genomic and epidemiological studies have shown that b. mallei is a recently emerged, host restricted clone of b. pseudomallei. | 2007 | 17362501 |
| characterization of a bifunctional catalase-peroxidase of burkholderia cenocepacia. | isolates of burkholderia cenocepacia express a putative haem-binding protein (molecular mass 97 kda) that displays intrinsic peroxidase activity. its role has been re-evaluated, and we now show that it is a bifunctional catalase-peroxidase, with activity against tetramethylbenzidine (tmb), o-dianisidine, pyrogallol, and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic) acid (abts). both peroxidase and catalase activities are optimal at ph 5.5-6.0. the gene encoding this enzyme was cloned and exp ... | 2007 | 17371508 |
| high-throughput mrna profiling characterizes the expression of inflammatory molecules in sepsis caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. | sepsis is characterized by an uncontrolled inflammatory response to invading microorganisms. we describe the inflammatory mrna profiles in whole-blood leukocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes using a multigene system for 35 inflammatory markers that included pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and signal transduction molecules in a case-control study with 34 patients with sepsis caused by the gram-negative bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei (the pathogen causing melioidosis) and 32 ... | 2007 | 17371859 |
| [cutaneous melioidosis: report of a case]. | | 2006 | 17374271 |
| to catch a killer gene. | | 2007 | 17380132 |
| control of quorum sensing by a burkholderia pseudomallei multidrug efflux pump. | the burkholderia pseudomallei khw quorum-sensing systems produced n-octanoyl-homoserine lactone, n-decanoyl-homoserine lactone, n-(3-hydroxy)-octanoyl-homoserine lactone, n-(3-hydroxy)-decanoyl-homoserine lactone, n-(3-oxo)-decanoyl-homoserine lactone, and n-(3-oxo)-tetradecanoyl-homoserine lactone. the extracellular secretion of these acyl-homoserine lactones is dependent absolutely on the function of the b. pseudomallei bpeab-oprb efflux pump. | 2007 | 17384185 |
| paediatric melioidosis with septic shock in a previously-well child. | we present a previously-healthy 12-year old girl from a rural community and who was admitted to a district general hospital in malaysia with coagulopathy and septic shock. despite receiving intensive care, she succumbed to her illness. blood cultures grew burkholderia pseudomallei. melioidosis is an unusual cause of paediatric gram-negative sepsis among children in malaysia. | 2007 | 17384864 |
| atp-binding cassette systems in burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia mallei. | atp binding cassette (abc) systems are responsible for the import and export of a wide variety of molecules across cell membranes and comprise one of largest protein superfamilies found in prokarya, eukarya and archea. abc systems play important roles in bacterial lifestyle, virulence and survival. in this study, an inventory of the abc systems of burkholderia pseudomallei strain k96243 and burkholderia mallei strain atcc 23344 has been compiled using bioinformatic techniques. | 2007 | 17391530 |