| trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistance in clinical isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei. | trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is commonly used to treat melioidosis. antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the disc diffusion method is commonly used in melioidosis-endemic areas, but may overestimate resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. | 2005 | 15886263 |
| melioidosis in an alpaca (lama pacos). | | 2004 | 15887386 |
| etiologies and treatment outcomes in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) at srinagarind hospital, khon kaen, thailand. | local epidemiological data on the etiologies of in-patients who are hospitalized with cap is needed to develop guidelines for clinical practice. this study was conducted to determine the pattern of microorganisms causing community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in adult patients admitted to srinagarind hospital, khon kaen, thailand, between january 2001 and december 2002. altogether, 254 patients (124 males, 130 females) averaging 56.4 (sd 19.8) years were included. eighty-six of them (33.8%) presente ... | 2005 | 15906660 |
| fatal septicemic melioidosis in a young military person possibly co-infected with leptospira interrogans and orientia tsutsugamushi. | concurrent melioidosis, leptospirosis, and scrub typhus after rural activities is rarely reported. a 19-year-old previously healthy man had fever onset after 2 weeks of military training. pneumonia became evident on the fifth day of fever under intravenous penicillin and oral minocycline therapy. acute respiratory failure developed the next day with shock and acute renal and liver function deterioration, which resulted in death. blood cultures on the third and fifth days grew burkholderia pseudo ... | 2005 | 15909673 |
| integrative genomic, transcriptional, and proteomic diversity in natural isolates of the human pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei. | natural isolates of pathogenic bacteria can exhibit a broad range of phenotypic traits. to investigate the molecular mechanisms contributing to such phenotypic variability, we compared the genomes, transcriptomes, and proteomes of two natural isolates of the gram-negative bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of the human disease melioidosis. significant intrinsic genomic, transcriptional, and proteomic variations were observed between the two strains involving genes of divers ... | 2005 | 15937190 |
| [molecular-genetic approaches to diagnosis and intraspecific typing of causative agents of glanders and melioidosis]. | pathogenic burkholderia--burkholderia mallei and burkholderia pseudomallei--are causative agents of glanders and melioidosis, severe infectious diseases of man and animals. they are regarded as potential agents of bioterrorism. the existing bacteriological and immunological methods of identification of b. mallei and b. pseudomallei are not efficient enough for the rapid diagnosis and typing of strains. described in the paper are molecular methods of detection of the agents by pcr, hybridization ... | 2005 | 15954468 |
| treatment of survivors after the tsunami. | | 2005 | 15972880 |
| modeling of an ion channel in its open conformation. | we have modeled the structure of kirbac1.1 in an open state using as a starting point the structure of kirbac1.1 in its closed conformation (protein data bank 1p7b). to test the validity of the open-state model, molecular dynamics simulations in octane, a lipid bilayer mimetic, were carried out. simulations of the closed conformer were used for comparison purposes. the total simulation time was approximately 138 ns. the initial open model was refined by using projection maps obtained from electr ... | 2005 | 15985423 |
| the burkholderia pseudomallei bpeab-oprb efflux pump: expression and impact on quorum sensing and virulence. | bpeab-oprb is a multidrug efflux pump of the bacterial pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei and is responsible for conferring antimicrobial resistance to aminoglycosides and macrolides. expression of bpeab-oprb is inducible by its substrate erythromycin and upon entry into stationary phase. bper, a member of the tetr family, functions as a repressor of the bpeab-oprb operon. bper expression was similarly induced at stationary phase but lagged behind the induction of bpeab-oprb expression. the indu ... | 2005 | 15995185 |
| suppurative epididymo-orchitis and chronic prostatitis caused by burkholderia pseudomallei: a case report and review. | | 2005 | 15996456 |
| melioidosis: an emerging infectious disease. | infectious diseases account for a third of all the deaths in the developing world. achievements in understanding the basic microbiology, pathogenesis, host defenses and expanded epidemiology of infectious diseases have resulted in better management and reduced mortality. however, an emerging infectious disease, melioidosis, is becoming endemic in the tropical regions of the world and is spreading to non-endemic areas. this article highlights the current understanding of melioidosis including adv ... | 2005 | 16006713 |
| melioidosis of the spleen diagnosed by 16s rdna amplification and sequencing. | we present the case of a 51-y-old male with multiple splenic abscesses that failed to resolve despite antimicrobial therapy targeted at burkholderia pseudomallei. elective splenectomy was performed to clarify the diagnosis. pus from the spleen was subjected to universal bacterial 16s rdna amplification and sequencing. the sequence obtained was 99% identical to 16s rdna sequences for burkholderia pseudomallei. sequencing of the 16s rdna is a very promising diagnostic tool allowing quick identific ... | 2005 | 16012017 |
| a model of immunity to burkholderia pseudomallei: unique responses following immunization and acute lethal infection. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiological agent of melioidosis, causes significant mortality in endemic regions, but little is known regarding the immune mechanisms required for successful protective immunity. to establish a model of immunization that could be used to study this we screened a library of b. pseudomallei strains for immunogenicity in mice. balb/c mice were immunized with test strains, and 2 weeks later were given a lethal challenge (lc) of virulent b. pseudomallei. among 49 strai ... | 2005 | 16027024 |
| diagnosis and treatment of mycotic aneurysm due to burkholderia pseudomallei. | | 2005 | 16028178 |
| [some properties of plasmocoagulase of the causative agents of glanders and melioidosis]. | criteria for the evaluation of the plasmocoagulase activity of natural isolates and mutant strains of the causative agents of glanders and melioidosis were worked out, which made it possible to subdivide them by this sign into pathogens with high, moderate and low activity. plasmocoagulase produced by pathogenic burkholderia was shown to be a thermolabile enzyme, comparatively stable with respect to the action of such chemico-biological agents as hydrogen peroxide and chloramine. | 2005 | 16028525 |
| rapid serological diagnosis of melioidosis: an evaluation of a prototype immunochromatographic test. | to evaluate the panbio melioidosis prototype (ict) igg and igm test kits in detecting antibodies to burkholderia pseudomallei from an endemic region of australia. this would be of particular importance in high prevalence, low resource regions. | 2005 | 16028848 |
| virulence of burkholderia pseudomallei does not correlate with biofilm formation. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis but currently the pathogenesis of the disease is still poorly understood. one of the virulent factors of gram-negative bacteria is the ability to produce biofilm to evade host defense. as b. pseudomallei has also been reported to develop the biofilm [1], in the present study, we therefore, quantified the biofilm formation in 50 strains of b. pseudomallei and compared with 50 strains of its avirulent counterpart burkholderia thailand ... | 2005 | 16084684 |
| humoral and cell-mediated adaptive immune responses are required for protection against burkholderia pseudomallei challenge and bacterial clearance postinfection. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is a gram-negative bacillus endemic to areas of southeast asia and northern australia. presently, there is no licensed vaccine for b. pseudomallei and the organism is refractive to antibiotic therapy. the bacterium is known to survive and multiply inside both phagocytic and nonphagocytic host cells and may be able to spread directly from cell to cell. current vaccine delivery systems are unlikely to induce the correct immune effector ... | 2005 | 16113315 |
| seroprevalence of melioidosis in diabetic patients in taiwan. | diabetes mellitus is a major predisposing factor for burkholderia pseudomallei infection. this study surveyed serum samples from 356 taiwanese patients with diabetes mellitus for anti-flagellin antibodies against b. pseudomallei. antibody titer to b. pseudomallei was positive in 3.0% (11/365) of diabetes mellitus patients. all seropositive individuals were aged > or =60, indicating that elderly and diabetic adults are at high risk of b. pseudomallei infection. in this study, diabetic females, wh ... | 2005 | 16118674 |
| melioidosis in 6 tsunami survivors in southern thailand. | six cases of melioidosis were identified in survivors of the 26 december 2004 tsunami who were admitted to takuapa general hospital in phangnga, a region in southern thailand where melioidosis is not endemic. all 6 cases were associated with aspiration, and 4 were also associated with laceration. | 2005 | 16142663 |
| antibodies from patients with melioidosis recognize burkholderia mallei but not burkholderia thailandensis antigens in the indirect hemagglutination assay. | the indirect hemagglutination assay routinely used to detect antibodies to burkholderia pseudomallei was modified to detect cross-reactivity of antibodies to b. pseudomallei, b. mallei, and b. thailandensis antigens. we demonstrate a lack of cross-reactivity between b. pseudomallei and b. thailandensis but marked cross-reactivity between b. pseudomallei and b. mallei. | 2005 | 16145163 |
| caspase-1 dependent macrophage death induced by burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent for melioidosis, an infectious disease endemic in south-east asia and northern australia. infection can result in a wide spectrum of clinical outcomes, including asymtomatic, acute or chronic conditions. the ability of the bacteria to survive intracellularly within phagocytes and non-phagocytes is postulated to help this pathogen persist in the body during latent chronic conditions. in some gram-negative bacteria, such as shigella and salmonella, ... | 2005 | 16153244 |
| [new diagnostic methods for bacterial infections after the introduction of increased bioterrorism preparedness]. | bacillus anthracis, francicella tularensis, yersinia pestis, burkholderia pseudomallei and brucella melitensis are the bacteria most often mentioned in connection with possible biological terrorist acts. it is known that these microorganisms can be cultured and weaponised for such a purpose. this survey provides examples of the use of diagnostic methods for those microorganisms, further detailed in relation to establishing a national center for biological preparedness in denmark. | 2005 | 16159496 |
| multinucleated giant cell formation and apoptosis in infected host cells is mediated by burkholderia pseudomallei type iii secretion protein bipb. | | 2005 | 16159789 |
| two randomized controlled trials of ceftazidime alone versus ceftazidime in combination with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for the treatment of severe melioidosis. | two antibiotic regimens are used commonly in thailand for the initial treatment of severe melioidosis: ceftazidime in combination with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) and ceftazidime monotherapy. it is not known whether tmp-smx provides an additional benefit. | 2005 | 16163628 |
| prospective evaluation of a rapid immunochromogenic cassette test for the diagnosis of melioidosis in northeast thailand. | a prospective study was performed to compare a rapid immunochromogenic cassette test (ict) with the indirect haemagglutination assay (iha) and clinical rules for the diagnosis of melioidosis in an endemic area. the sensitivity and specificity of the igg ict was 86% and 47%, and the igm ict was 82% and 47%, respectively. these were similar to the results for iha (sensitivity 73%, specificity 64%) and clinical rules (73% and 37%). ict lacks clinical utility as a result of high background rates of ... | 2006 | 16168447 |
| immunogenicity and anti-burkholderia pseudomallei activity in balb/c mice immunized with plasmid dna encoding flagellin. | plasmid dna encoding the flagella protein (flagellin) was used as a vaccination candidate for the evaluation of its immunogenicity and for protection against infection with burkholderia pseudomallei. firstly, flagellin encoding plasmid dna was injected into balb/c mice intramuscularly and this elicited both a humoral and a cellular immune response. total igg production and the clonal expansion of the spleen cells increased in response to flagellin. the igg subclass response exhibited a dominance ... | 2006 | 16169637 |
| changing epidemiology of melioidosis? a case of acute pulmonary melioidosis with fatal outcome imported from brazil. | melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. it is endemic in south east asia and tropical regions of northern australia. sporadic cases have been described elsewhere. in this article we present a case of acute pulmonary melioidosis with fatal outcome imported from brazil. the most common pathogen causing severe community-acquired pneumonia in brazil is streptococcus pneumoniae. other possible pathogens include legionella spp., mycoplasma pneumonia, gram-negative rod ... | 2005 | 16181507 |
| the burkholderia pseudomallei rpoe (algu) operon is involved in environmental stress tolerance and biofilm formation. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, can be isolated from soil and water. to persist, adapt and survive within and outside their human host, bacteria rely on regulatory mechanisms that allow them to respond rapidly to stressful situations. we have examined the possible role of b. pseudomallei alternative sigma factor sigma(e) (rpoe) in the stress response and found that rpoe and its putative regulators (bpre-rseb-mucd) are transcribed in a single transcriptional unit. i ... | 2005 | 16185818 |
| open-label randomized trial of oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, doxycycline, and chloramphenicol compared with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and doxycycline for maintenance therapy of melioidosis. | melioidosis (infection caused by burkholderia pseudomallei) requires a prolonged course of oral antibiotics following initial intravenous therapy to reduce the risk of relapse after cessation of treatment. the current recommendation is a four-drug regimen (trimethoprim [tmp], sulfamethoxazole [smx], doxycycline, and chloramphenicol) and a total treatment time of 12 to 20 weeks. drug side effects are common; the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and tolerance of the four-drug regimen ... | 2005 | 16189075 |
| comparison of ashdown's medium, burkholderia cepacia medium, and burkholderia pseudomallei selective agar for clinical isolation of burkholderia pseudomallei. | ashdown's medium, burkholderia pseudomallei selective agar (bpsa), and a commercial burkholderia cepacia medium were compared for their abilities to grow b. pseudomallei from 155 clinical specimens that proved positive for this organism. the sensitivity of each was equivalent; the selectivity of bpsa was lower than that of ashdown's or b. cepacia medium. | 2005 | 16208018 |
| a molecular switch and electronic circuit modulate catalase activity in catalase-peroxidases. | the catalase reaction of catalase-peroxidases involves catalase-specific features built into a peroxidase core. an arginine, 20 a from the active-site heme, acts as a molecular switch moving between two conformations, one that activates heme oxidation and one that activates oxoferryl heme reduction by h(2)o(2), facilitating the catalatic pathway in a peroxidase. the influence of the arginine is imparted to the heme through its association with or dissociation from a tyrosinate that modulates rea ... | 2005 | 16211084 |
| pediatric melioidosis in pahang, malaysia. | melioidosis is much less common in children than in adults. this study investigated the incidence, demographic characteristics, presenting symptoms and outcome of pediatric melioidosis in pahang, malaysia. this retrospective study included patients < or =18 years old with positive body fluid cultures for burkholderia pseudomallei from january 2000 to june 2003. data on culture results were obtained from 2 referral hospitals. the incidence of pediatric melioidosis was 0.68/100,000 population per ... | 2005 | 16211138 |
| rapid identification of burkholderia pseudomallei in blood culture supernatants by a coagglutination assay. | in total, 309 blood culture supernatants were tested for the presence of burkholderia pseudomallei antigen using an in-house coagglutination test prepared by sensitising cowan i staphylococcal cells with b. pseudomallei polyclonal antiserum. the coagglutination test gave a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 100% in comparison with blood culture. a subset of 102 supernatants was also tested for b. pseudomallei antigen using a monoclonal antibody-b ... | 2005 | 16216112 |
| time-kill curves as a tool for targeting ceftazidime serum concentration during continuous infusion for treatment of septicaemic melioidosis. | melioidosis is a fatal community-acquired infection endemic in tropical areas. ten isolates of the causative microorganism were subjected to time-kill study using a range of ceftazidime concentrations. this study demonstrated that a ceftazidime concentration of eight times the minimum inhibitory concentration yielded an optimal bactericidal effect and should be the target concentration administered by continuous infusion. | 2005 | 16216470 |
| the role and significance of sputum cultures in the diagnosis of melioidosis. | pneumonia is a common manifestation of melioidosis, the disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. in this study, we defined the prognostic significance of a positive sputum culture. a total of 712 patients presenting to sappasithiprasong hospital, ubon ratchathani, thailand, with melioidosis between january 1992 and december 2002 had a sputum culture performed during admission, which was positive for b. pseudomallei in 444 patients (62%). the median duration of sputum positivity was 9 days (r ... | 2005 | 16222004 |
| melioidosis, northeastern brazil. | melioidosis was first recognized in northeastern brazil in 2003. confirmation of additional cases from the 2003 cluster in ceará, more recent cases in other districts, environmental isolation of burkholderia pseudomallei, molecular confirmation and typing results, and positive serosurveillance specimens indicate that melioidosis is more widespread in northeastern brazil than previously thought. | 2005 | 16229782 |
| antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants from india. | the results of a preliminary antimicrobial screening of the methanol extracts of zingiber officinale, asteracantha longifolia, citrus acida, salacia microsperma and tinospora cordifolia are reported. | 2005 | 16229969 |
| melioidosis and the vascular surgeon: hospital kuala lumpur experience. | bacterial arteritis is relatively uncommon and management of this condition, which carries high morbidity and mortality, is difficult and time-consuming. common organisms implicated include salmonella and staphylococcus. arteritis as a result of infection by burkholderia pseudomallei (formerly pseudomonas pseudomallei) has been rarely reported in the english literature. this organism, which is endemic in our part of the world, is well known to cause a wide spectrum of septic conditions. a review ... | 2005 | 16234087 |
| interaction between burkholderia pseudomallei and the host immune response: sleeping with the enemy? | melioidosis is an infectious disease endemic in tropical and subtropical areas but is most often described in southeast asia and northern australia. it has increasingly gained attention in the western hemisphere because of its potential use as a biological weapon. progress in our understanding of the virulence mechanisms of burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent, has provided clues to the pathogenesis of the disease. the bacterium can remain latent in the body for long periods of time an ... | 2005 | 16235187 |
| the impact of homologous recombination on the generation of diversity in bacteria. | the imprint of demographic and selective processes on bacterial population structure needs to be evaluated as deviation from the expectations of an appropriate null neutral model. we explore the impact of varying the population mutation and recombination rates theta and rho on ideal populations, using a recently developed model of neutral drift at multiple loci. this model may be fitted to experimental data to provide estimates of these parameters, and we do so for seven bacterial species (neiss ... | 2006 | 16236325 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei-induced expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 and cytokine-inducible src homology 2-containing protein in mouse macrophages: a possible mechanism for suppression of the response to gamma interferon stimulation. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is a facultative intracellular gram-negative bacterium that is able to survive and multiply in macrophages. previously, we reported that b. pseudomallei was able to escape macrophage killing by interfering with the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos). in the present study, we extended this finding and demonstrated that b. pseudomallei was able to activate the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (socs3) a ... | 2005 | 16239531 |
| genome-wide expression analysis of iron regulation in burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia mallei using dna microarrays. | burkholderia pseudomallei and b. mallei are the causative agents of melioidosis and glanders, respectively. as iron regulation of gene expression is common in bacteria, in the present studies, we have used microarray analysis to examine the effects of growth in different iron concentrations on the regulation of gene expression in b. pseudomallei and b. mallei. gene expression profiles for these two bacterial species were similar under high and low iron growth conditions irrespective of growth ph ... | 2005 | 16242861 |
| serodiagnosis of melioidosis by a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a lipopolysaccharide-specific monoclonal antibody. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a severe and potentially fatal infectious disease in humans known to be endemic in southeast asia and northern australia. the infection is also increasingly recognized in various animal species with a potential to spread to humans. with the potential as a biological warfare agent, specific serodiagnosis of melioidosis for surveillance in large populations at risk, humans or animals, would be highly valuable. in this study, a compet ... | 2005 | 16252843 |
| [melioidosis]. | melioidosis is an emerging zoonosis, due to burkholderia pseudomallei, which is a highly invasive, resistant, and resilient soil bacteria, transmitted by cutaneous or airborne route, and is a potential weapon for bioterrorism. although the agent has been identified all over the world, the human disease is endemic only in se asia and northern australia, and gained recent interest after the december 2004 tsunami. human infection can be a very severe systemic disease (mortality 20 to 80%), with pro ... | 2005 | 16253457 |
| in disaster's wake: tsunami lung. | | 2005 | 16263492 |
| actin-binding proteins from burkholderia mallei and burkholderia thailandensis can functionally compensate for the actin-based motility defect of a burkholderia pseudomallei bima mutant. | recently we identified a bacterial factor (bima) required for actin-based motility of burkholderia pseudomallei. here we report that burkholderia mallei and burkholderia thailandensis are capable of actin-based motility in j774.2 cells and that bima homologs of these bacteria can restore the actin-based motility defect of a b. pseudomallei bima mutant. while the bima homologs differ in their amino-terminal sequence, they interact directly with actin in vitro and vary in their ability to bind arp ... | 2005 | 16267310 |
| use of a real-time pcr taqman assay for rapid identification and differentiation of burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia mallei. | a taqman allelic-discrimination assay designed around a synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism was used to genotype burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia mallei isolates. the assay rapidly identifies and discriminates between these two highly pathogenic bacteria and does not cross-react with genetic near neighbors, such as burkholderia thailandensis and burkholderia cepacia. | 2005 | 16272516 |
| [ultrastructural immunochemical study of pathogenic burkholderia capsule]. | the capsular structures of burkholderia pseudomallei, b. mallei, b. cepacia and their avirulent noncapsular mutants were studied with the use of electron ahd immunocytochemical techniques. for this purpose, antimelio-idosis monoclonal antibodies (mcab) g11 and 1 g2, epitope-aimed at capsular glycopyotein of 200 kd and outer-membrane proteins of 42 and 39 kd, were used. as revealed in this study, the typical causative agents of melioidosis and glanders formed the capsule and exhibited high virule ... | 2005 | 16279528 |
| decreased protein c, protein s, and antithrombin levels are predictive of poor outcome in gram-negative sepsis caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. | acute septicemic melioidosis is associated with systemic release of endotoxin and the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6. excessive release of these cytokines may lead to endothelial injury, depletion of naturally occurring endothelial modulators, microvascular thrombosis, organ failure, and death. | 2006 | 16290015 |
| melioidosis in new caledonia. | recognized melioidosis-endemic areas are widening. in the south pacific, melioidosis is endemic in new caledonia, northern australia, and papua new guinea. we report the first 4 documented cases of human melioidosis from new caledonia. molecular typing of 2 burkholderia pseudomallei isolates suggests a link to australian strains. | 2005 | 16318706 |
| extreme weather events and environmental contamination are associated with case-clusters of melioidosis in the northern territory of australia. | melioidosis, the infection due to the environmental organism burkholderia pseudomallei, is endemic to northern australia and south east asia. it is associated with exposure to mud and pooled surface water, but environmental determinants of this disease are poorly understood. we defined case-clusters in northern australia, determined their contribution to the observed rate of melioidosis, and explored clinical features and associated environmental factors. | 2006 | 16326823 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei infection in chronic granulomatous disease. | melioidosis is a severe illness caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, a sepsis-causing bacterial pathogen that is common in east asia. we reexamined the underlying diagnosis in a 12-year-old boy who was diagnosed in the french west indies with melioidosis when he was 4 years old. our investigations led to the determination of chronic granulomatous disease (cgd), an inherited condition characterized by phagocytic cell dysfunction. this is the third reported case of melioidosis associated with cgd ... | 2006 | 16328364 |
| recurrent melioidosis in patients in northeast thailand is frequently due to reinfection rather than relapse. | human melioidosis is associated with a high rate of recurrent disease, despite adequate antimicrobial treatment. here, we define the rate of relapse versus the rate of reinfection in 116 patients with 123 episodes of recurrent melioidosis who were treated at sappasithiprasong hospital in northeast thailand between 1986 and 2005. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was performed on all isolates; isolates from primary and recurrent disease for a given patient different by one or more bands were exami ... | 2005 | 16333094 |
| [properties of the burkholderia pseudomallei insertional mutants deficient in membrane proteins production]. | transposon-induced b. pseudomallei mutants deficient in membrane proteins production were obtained for evaluation of the functional role of these cell components. in comparison with the wild type strain b. pseudomallei 57576, mutant clones ttm6, ttm7 and ttm9 carrying tn5 chromosome insertions were characterized by lost or decreased production of outer membrane proteins 27, 48, 52, 150, 200 kda. alterations in outer membrane protein spectra were accompanied by twofold increase in susceptibility ... | 2005 | 16334220 |
| bacterial genome adaptation to niches: divergence of the potential virulence genes in three burkholderia species of different survival strategies. | two closely related species burkholderia mallei (bm) and burkholderia pseudomallei (bp) are serious human health hazards and are potential bio-warfare agents, whereas another closely related species burkholderia thailandensis (bt) is a non-pathogenic saprophyte. to investigate the genomic factors resulting in such a dramatic difference, we first identified the bm genes responsive to the mouse environment, and then examined the divergence of these genes in bp and bt. | 2005 | 16336651 |
| cutaneous melioidosis in a swedish tourist after the tsunami in 2004. | a tourist from sweden developed cutaneous melioidosis after the tsunami in thailand on 26 december 2004. melioidosis is a severe, chronic infection which is endemic in thailand and is caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. persons with traumatic injuries inflicted by the tsunami have increased risks of being infected by b. pseudomallei and melioidosis should be suspected if abscesses of the skin or inner organs develop in the months or years after the trauma. | 2006 | 16338844 |
| rapid molecular typing of burkholderia pseudomallei, isolated in an outbreak of melioidosis in singapore in 2004, based on variable-number tandem repeats. | an increase in the number of reported melioidosis cases was observed in the first 4 months of 2004. these cases were associated with a significant increase in case-fatality rate compared with the past 5 years. in order to exclude the possibility of a single source, including the possibility of intentional release of burkholderia pseudomallei, we applied a multiplex pcr-based multilocus variable-number tandem repeat (vntr) assay to determine the clonality of the clinical isolates. our investigati ... | 2006 | 16343569 |
| evaluation of culture techniques for isolation of pseudomonas pseudomallei from soil. | three selective enrichment broths and four selective agar media were evaluated for their ability to support the growth of pseudomonas pseudomallei both at 35 degrees c and at ambient temperature (range, 20 to 32 degrees c; mean, 25 degrees c). colony counts of 50 strains of p. pseudomallei and recovery studies with 1 soil strain in 60 simulated soil samples demonstrated that enrichment with trypticase soy broth incorporating 5 mg of crystal violet per liter and 20 mg of colistin per liter (cvcb) ... | 1992 | 16348827 |
| short report: application of a polymerase chain reaction to detect burkholderia pseudomallei in clinical specimens from patients with suspected melioidosis. | the diagnostic potential of a burkholderia pseudomallei type three secretion system (tts1) polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was examined on clinical specimens from 27 patients with sepsis in the northern territory of australia, a region endemic for melioidosis. the tts1 pcr was conducted on dna extracted from a range of clinical specimens (blood, sputum, urine, joint, pericardial and pleural fluid, and swabs from skin lesions, throat, nose, and rectum). the pcr sensitivity in culture-positive cli ... | 2005 | 16354831 |
| short report: disease severity and outcome of melioidosis in hiv coinfected individuals. | this study examined whether coinfection with hiv and burkholderia pseudomallei leads to altered disease severity or outcome associated with melioidosis. coinfection was detected in only 8 of 524 (1.5%) adults with melioidosis in northeast thailand. clinical presentation and acute outcome were similar in hiv-positive and hiv-negative patients. | 2005 | 16354832 |
| melioidosis in tsunami survivors. | | 2005 | 16355505 |
| the identification and characterization of two phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 4-phosphatases. | numerous inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatases catalyze the degradation of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (ptdins-4,5-p(2)) to phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (ptdins-4-p). an alternative pathway to degrade ptdins-4,5-p(2) is the hydrolysis of ptdins-4,5-p(2) by a 4-phosphatase, leading to the production of ptdins-5-p. whereas the bacterial ipgd enzyme is known to catalyze this reaction, no such mammalian enzyme has been found. we have identified and characterized two previously undescri ... | 2005 | 16365287 |
| pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis: a review of 14 cases. | to review and evaluate the management of 14 patients with pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis at national university hospital, singapore between 1998 and 2001. | 2005 | 16365486 |
| melioidosis as a cause of multifocal osteomyelitis. | | 2006 | 16374119 |
| neutralization of burkholderia pseudomallei protease by fabs generated through phage display. | the isolation of therapeutic and functional protease inhibitors in vitro via combinatorial chemistry and phage display technology has been described previously. here we report the construction of a combinatorial mouse-human chimeric antibody fragment (fab) antibody library targeted against the protease of the tropical pathogen, burkholderia pseudomallei. the resulting library was biopanned against the protease, and selected clones were analyzed for their ability to function as protease inhibitor ... | 2005 | 16377887 |
| role of t cells in innate and adaptive immunity against murine burkholderia pseudomallei infection. | antigen-specific t cells are important sources of interferon (ifn)-gamma for acquired immunity to intracellular pathogens, but they can also produce ifn- gamma directly via a "bystander" activation pathway in response to proinflammatory cytokines. we investigated the in vivo role of cytokine- versus antigen-mediated t cell activation in resistance to the pathogenic bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei. ifn-gamma, interleukin (il)-12, and il-18 were essential for initial bacterial control in infec ... | 2006 | 16388484 |
| development and evaluation of a real-time pcr assay targeting the type iii secretion system of burkholderia pseudomallei. | here we report on the development of a discriminatory real-time assay for the rapid identification of burkholderia pseudomallei isolates and the evaluation of this assay for sensitivity against related species and detection in spiked human blood samples. the assay targets a 115-base-pair region within orf2 of the b. pseudomallei type iii secretion system gene cluster and distinguishes b. pseudomallei from other microbial species. assay performance was evaluated with 224 geographically, temporall ... | 2006 | 16390953 |
| serological evidence for increased human exposure to burkholderia pseudomallei following the tsunami in southern thailand. | a serological study was performed to determine recent human exposure to burkholderia pseudomallei (the cause of melioidosis) in residents of southern thailand affected by the tsunami of 26 december 2004. the findings were suggestive of increased recent exposure in both tsunami survivors and uninjured bystanders. survivors of the thailand tsunami may be at increased risk of melioidosis. | 2006 | 16390980 |
| melioidotic osteomyelitis treated with antibiotic-calcium hydroxyapatite composite: case report with four-year follow-up. | melioidosis is caused by an infection by burkholderia pseudomallei. osteomyelitis is a recognised manifestation of melioidosis but burkholderia pseudomallei is a relatively rare aetiological agent in musculoskeletal infections. we report a 32-year-old diabetic man with septicaemia due to melioidotic infection of the spleen, liver and distal femur. the osteomyelitis relapsed despite being treated with the standard radical debridement and insertion of gentamycinimpregnated polymethylmetacrylate (p ... | 2006 | 16397726 |
| an antitumor cardenolide with inhibitory activity against pseudomonas pseudomallei. | the antibacterial activity of a new cardenolide, 7beta, 14beta - dihydroxy-5-card-20(22) enolide has been studied and it has been found to be active against pseudomonas pseudomallei. the new cardenolide also exhibited antitumor activity in a potato disc assay. | 1993 | 16414728 |
| actin-dependent movement of bacterial pathogens. | listeria, rickettsia, burkholderia, shigella and mycobacterium species subvert cellular actin dynamics to facilitate their movement within the host cytosol and to infect neighbouring cells while evading host immune surveillance and promoting their intracellular survival. 'attaching and effacing' escherichia coli do not enter host cells but attach intimately to the cell surface, inducing motile actin-rich pedestals, the function of which is currently unclear. the molecular basis of actin-based mo ... | 2006 | 16415925 |
| attempted passive prophylaxis with a monoclonal anti-burkholderia pseudomallei exopolysaccharide antibody in a murine model of melioidosis. | melioidosis is a severe gram-negative infection caused by the facultative intracellular bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei, which is responsible for a broad spectrum of symptoms in both humans and animals. no licensed vaccine currently exists. this study evaluated the protective effect of a monoclonal antibody (mab ps6f6) specific to b. pseudomallei exopolysaccharide in an outbred murine model of sub-acute melioidosis. when administered before the infectious challenge, ps6f6 significantly incre ... | 2005 | 16435577 |
| development of a 5'-nuclease real-time pcr assay targeting flip for the rapid identification of burkholderia mallei in clinical samples. | burkholderia mallei is a potential biological agent that causes glanders or farcy in solipeds, a disease notifiable to the office international des epizooties (oie). the number of reported outbreaks has increased steadily during the last decade, but diagnosis is hampered by the low bacterial load in infected tissues and excretions. | 2006 | 16449212 |
| genetic and transcriptional analysis of the siderophore malleobactin biosynthesis and transport genes in the human pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei k96243. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a gram-negative facultative intracellular pathogen that causes melioidosis, an invasive disease of humans and animals. to address the response of this bacterium to iron-limiting conditions, we first performed a global transcriptional analysis of rna extracted from bacteria grown under iron-limiting and iron-rich conditions by microarrays. we focused our study on those open reading frames (orfs) induced under iron limitation, which encoded predicted proteins that coul ... | 2006 | 16452439 |
| indirect hemagglutination assay in patients with melioidosis in northern australia. | melioidosis is caused by the saprophytic organism burkholderia pseudomallei. the use of the indirect hemagglutination assay (iha) has found widespread use in areas endemic for this disease. using this assay, we explored the serologic profile of 275 patients with culture-confirmed melioidosis in the northern territory of australia. based on a threshold titer of 1:40, the sensitivity of the iha on admission was 56%. female patients, those with positive blood cultures, and those with pneumonia inde ... | 2006 | 16474092 |
| quorum sensing in the genus burkholderia. | the genus burkholderia contains over 30 species, many of which are important human pathogens. in addition to the primary pathogens burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia mallei, several species have emerged as opportunistic pathogens in persons suffering from cystic fibrosis (cf) and immunocompromised individuals. all burkholderia species investigated so far employ quorum-sensing (qs) systems that rely on n-acyl-homoserine lactone (ahl) signal molecules to express certain phenotypic traits i ... | 2006 | 16490397 |
| cpg-modified plasmid dna encoding flagellin improves immunogenicity and provides protection against burkholderia pseudomallei infection in balb/c mice. | the plasmid dna encoding the flic gene of burkholderia pseudomallei combined with cpg oligodeoxynucleotide (odn) was injected intramuscularly into balb/c mice, resulting in the increased production of certain humoral antibodies and flagellin-specific spleen cell clonal expansion. cpg odn, as an immunoadjuvant, was added to the plasmid containing the flic gene in order to obtain ongoing expression in muscle for a long period. functional expression of flagellin from the constructed cpg-modified pl ... | 2006 | 16495541 |
| protection against heterologous burkholderia pseudomallei strains by dendritic cell immunization. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is a gram-negative bacterium which can cause either chronic infections or acute lethal sepsis in infected individuals. the disease is endemic in southeast asia and northern australia, but little is known about the mechanisms of protective immunity to the bacterium. in this study, we have developed a procedure to utilize dendritic cells in combination with cpg oligodeoxynucleotides as a vaccine delivery vector to induce protective imm ... | 2006 | 16495542 |
| multiple visceral abscess in a case of melioidosis. | | 2006 | 16505577 |
| computed tomography characteristics of burkholderia pseudomallei liver abscess. | we report 3 cases of burkholderia pseudomallei liver abscesses that have a characteristic "honeycomb" appearance on computed tomography scans. such a finding should prompt physicians to include b. pseudomallei infection in the differential diagnoses of liver abscesses and consider initiation of empirical therapy for melioidosis in high-risk patients from areas of endemicity. | 2006 | 16511765 |
| melioidosis in imported non-human primates. | in 1969, five cases of melioidosis in three separate outbreaks were diagnosed in nonhuman primates in the united states. in the first outbreak, two stump-tailed macaque monkeys (macaca arctoides) developed signs of the disease approximately 6 months after purchase. a third animal, a chimpanzee (pan troglodytes), probably acquired its infection from one of these monkeys. two other unrelated cases involving a pig-tailed monkey (macaca nemestrina) and a rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta) were diagnosed ... | 1970 | 16512115 |
| [molecular typing of the burkholderia pseudomallei strains with different resistance to antibiotics]. | wild type strains of burkholderia pseudomallei, spontaneous mutants with high resistance to fluoroquinolones and ceftazidime, and tn5-induced mutants with reduced resistance level were studied using polymorphic and gene-specific dna fingerprinting. cluster analysis of genomic dna patterns obtained using pcr with arbitrary primer (5'-gtttcgctcc-3') and primer specific to the class i integrase intll gene (5'-cctcccgcacgatgatc-3') was performed. according to the dna pattern conformity, the distinct ... | 2006 | 16512603 |
| melioidosis: the johor bahru experience. | a 5 year retrospective review of cases of melioidosis was carried out in sultanah aminah hospital, johor bahru. there were 44 new cases of melioidosis which was proven by either blood or pus culture growing burkholderia pseudomallei from the period between january 1999 and december 2003. of these, 38 (86.4%) were males compared to only 6 (13.6%) females. thirty-one (70.5%) were malays, 7 (15.9%) were chinese, 5 (11.4%) were indians and 1 (2.2%) was a sarawakian. the peak age group was between 50 ... | 2005 | 16515111 |
| use of various common isolation media to evaluate the new vitek 2 colorimetric gn card for identification of burkholderia pseudomallei. | the use of automated systems in the modern microbiology laboratory is becoming commonplace as the pressure of cost containment impacts on staff resources. with increased international travel and threats of bioterrorism, recognition and accurate identification of organisms such as burkholderia pseudomallei is important. in areas where this organism is endemic, identification is not usually problematic. this study evaluates the performance of the new vitek 2 colorimetric gn card for the identifica ... | 2006 | 16517866 |
| the effect of methanolic extract of tamarindus indica linn. on the growth of clinical isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei (pseudomonas pseudomallei) causes melioidosis, a life-threatening infection common among paddy cultivators in southeast asian countries. no plant materials have been investigated for its activity against b. pseudomallei. therefore, a preliminary study was carried out using disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) methods to evaluate the anti-b. pseudomallei activity of five indian medicinal plants documented to have been used for several ailments in the ... | 2005 | 16518004 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei rpos regulates multinucleated giant cell formation and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in mouse macrophage cell line (raw 264.7). | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis. this bacterium can invade and survive inside the phagocytic and nonphagocytic cells. after internalization, the bacteria can escape from the membrane-bound phagosome into the cytoplasm. internalised b. pseudomallei can also induce a cell-to-cell fusion, resulting in a multinucleated giant cell (mngc) formation. in the present study, we demonstrated that b. pseudomallei rpos null mutant was similar to its wild type parent in its abi ... | 2006 | 16524693 |
| lipopolysaccharide heterogeneity among burkholderia pseudomallei from different geographic and clinical origins. | heterogeneous patterns were obtained for lipopolysaccharide (lps) from 1,327 burkholderia pseudomallei isolates by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, silver staining, and immunoblot analysis. two lps serotypes (a and b) possessing different ladder profiles and a rough lps without ladder appearances were identified. all three lps types were antigenically distinct by immunoblotting. the predominant type a (97%) produced the lowest amount of biofilm. the two less common type ... | 2006 | 16525090 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei requires zn(sup2+) for optimal exoprotease production in chemically defined media. | the effects of various medium components on exoprotease production by burkholderia pseudomallei were studied in order to understand the production of virulence factors by this pathogenic organism. feso(inf4), nacl, and mgso(inf4) do not significantly affect exoprotease activity, and cacl(inf2) has only a slight influence. conversely, zncl(inf2) plays a fundamental role since it drastically increases exoprotease production. | 1995 | 16535112 |
| melioidosis: insights into the pathogenicity of burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a potential bioterror agent and the causative agent of melioidosis, a severe disease that is endemic in areas of southeast asia and northern australia. infection is often associated with bacterial dissemination to distant sites, and there are many possible disease manifestations, with melioidosis septic shock being the most severe. eradication of the organism following infection is difficult, with a slow fever-clearance time, the need for prolonged antibiotic therapy ... | 2006 | 16541135 |
| endotoxin-like properties of a rhamnolipid exotoxin from burkholderia (pseudomonas) plantarii: immune cell stimulation and biophysical characterization. | here we report on the purification, structural characterization, and biological activity of a glycolipid, 2-o-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-alpha(r)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl-(r)-3-hydroxytetradecanoate (rl-2,2(14)) produced by burkholderia (pseudomonas) plantarii. rl-2,2(14) is structurally very similar to a rhamnolipid exotoxin from pseudomonas aeruginosa and identical to the rhamnolipid of burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis. interestingly, rl-2,2(14) ... | 2006 | 16542152 |
| six cases of suppurative lymphadenitis caused by burkholderia pseudomallei infection. | melioidosis, an infection caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, is endemic in southeast asia and northern australia. it can have various presentations, ranging from acute septicaemia to chronic localized infection. uncomplicated, localized infection usually involves skin or subcutaneous tissues. suppurative lymphadenitis caused by melioidosis has been rarely encountered by clinicians practicing in endemic areas. we encountered six cases of suppurative lymphadenitis caused by burkholderia pseudoma ... | 2006 | 16542691 |
| development of a polymerase chain reaction assay for the specific identification of burkholderia mallei and differentiation from burkholderia pseudomallei and other closely related burkholderiaceae. | burkholderia mallei and burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiologic agents responsible for glanders and melioidosis, respectively, are genetically and phenotypically similar and are category b biothreat agents. we used an in silico approach to compare the b. mallei atcc 23344 and b. pseudomallei k96243 genomes to identify nucleotide sequences unique to b. mallei. five distinct b. mallei dna sequences and/or genes were identified and evaluated for polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay development. g ... | 2006 | 16546342 |
| clinical guideline for diagnosis and management of melioidosis. | melioidosis is an emerging infection in brazil and neighbouring south american countries. the wide range of clinical presentations include severe community-acquired pneumonia, septicaemia, central nervous system infection and less severe soft tissue infection. diagnosis depends heavily on the clinical microbiology laboratory for culture. burkholderia pseudomallei, the bacterial cause of melioidosis, is easily cultured from blood, sputum and other clinical samples. however, b. pseudomallei can be ... | 2006 | 16547571 |
| stent-graft for recurrent melioidosis mycotic aortic aneurysm. | melioidosis is a tropical disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei and is prevalent in south east asia and northern australia. it can infect any organ system and is potentially deadly. melioidosis causing a mycotic aneurysm of the aorta is rare. we present a patient with a melioidosis mycotic aneurysm of the descending aorta presenting with fever and right pleural effusion, managed successfully with initial dacron graft repair with staged omental reinforcement, and subsequent endovascular ste ... | 2006 | 16551809 |
| studies on certain biological characteristics of malleomyces mallei and malleomyces pseudomallei: i. morphology, cultivation, viability, and isolation from contaminated specimens. | | 1948 | 16561426 |
| studies on certain biological characteristics of malleomyces mallei and malleomyces pseudomallei: ii. virulence and infectivity for animals. | | 1948 | 16561427 |
| in vitro activity of tigecycline against burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia thailandensis. | investigation of the in vitro activity of tigecycline against burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia thailandensis revealed that the inhibition zone diameters of tigecycline against all isolates were >or=20 mm and that the mic50 values were 0.5 and 1 microg/ml and the mic90 values were 2 and 1.5 microg/ml for b. pseudomallei and b. thailandensis, respectively. | 2006 | 16569883 |
| dural sinus thrombosis in melioidosis: the first case report. | melioidosis which is infection with burkholderia pseudomallei, is an important cause of sepsis in india, southeast asia and northern australia. mortality is high and treatment is problematic. neurological melioidosis is unusual but meningoencephalitis, encephalomyelitis and brain microabscess can occur dural sinus thrombosis is not an uncommon cerebrovascular disorder with various etiologies. hypercoagulable state, pregnancy, dehydration, certain blood dyscrasia and contraceptive pills are commo ... | 2006 | 16579013 |
| using real-time pcr to specifically detect burkholderia mallei. | burkholderia mallei is the causative agent of human and animal glanders and is a category b biothreat agent. rapid diagnosis of b. mallei and immediate prophylactic treatment are essential for patient survival. the majority of current bacteriological and immunological techniques for identifying b. mallei from clinical samples are time-consuming, and cross-reactivity with closely related organisms (i.e. burkholderia pseudomallei) is a problem. in this investigation, two b. mallei-specific real-ti ... | 2006 | 16585642 |