| biological suppression of potato ring rot by fluorescent pseudomonads. | three strains of fluorescent pseudomonads (is-1, is-2, and is-3) isolated from potato underground stems with roots showed in vitro antibiosis against 30 strains of the ring rot bacterium clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus. on the basis of morphological and biochemical tests and fatty acid analysis, is-1 and is-2 were identified as pseudomonas aureofaciens and is-3 was identified as p. fluorescens biovar iii. is-1 was the most inhibitory to c. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus strains in ... | 1992 | 1622275 |
| [glycopolymers of clavibacter michiganense and pseudomonas solanacearum--interferon inducers]. | a polysaccharide, being an active inductor of gamma-interferon, has been found among glycopolymers of clavibacter michiganense. lipopolysaccharide of pseudomonas solanacearum is shown to display an interferonogenic activity which is analogous to that of the classical interferon inductor, lipopolysaccharide of escherichia coli o55: b5. besides lipid a, core oligosaccharide also contributes much to the interferonogenic activity of p. solanacearum lipopolysaccharide. | 1990 | 1703263 |
| transformation of the phytopathogenic bacterium clavibacter michiganense subsp. michiganense by electroporation and development of a cloning vector. | we constructed a cloning vector for use in the plant pathogenic bacterium clavibacter michiganense subsp. michiganense. the vector pdm100 consists of a 3.2-kb restriction fragment of the clavibacter plasmid pcm1 joined to a pbr325 derivative carrying the neomycin phosphotransferase of transposon tn5 and the gentamicin acetyltransferase of tn1696. both antibiotic resistance genes are efficiently expressed in c. michiganense subsp. michiganense. although polyethylene glycol-mediated transfection o ... | 1991 | 1898919 |
| [the induction of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 under exposure to the glycopolymers isolated from pseudomonas solanacearum and clavibacter michiganense]. | lipopolysaccharide of pseudomonas solanacearum and acid polysaccharides of clavibacter michiganense are effective inductors of formation of the factor of tumour necrosis (tnf) and interleukin-1 (il-1) by peritoneal macrophages of mice and their activity exceeds that of lipopolysaccharide escherichia coli 055:b5 ("sigma"). o-specific polysaccharide and lipid a are responsible for the capacity of liposaccharide molecule of p. solanacearum to induce tnf and il-1. | 1990 | 2084507 |
| [the mitogenic activity of the glycopolymers from clavibacter (corynebacterium) michiganense and pseudomonas solanacearum]. | a comparative study of the mitogenic activity of glycopolymers has shown that the activity of polysaccharides isolated from clavibacter michiganense is higher than that of lipopolysaccharide of escherichia coli, pseudomonas solanacearum and mefenaminic acid (the synthetic mitogen). lipid a and the core oligosaccharide fraction are established to be responsible for the mitogenic activity of the p. solanacearum lipopolysaccharide. o-specific chains and fractions of kdo-phosphates do not manifest t ... | 1989 | 2695796 |
| detection of bacterial cell wall hydrolases after denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. | cell walls from various gram-positive bacteria were incorporated at a concentration of 0.2% (w/v) into polyacrylamide gels as a substrate for detection of cell wall hydrolases. bacterial extracts from crude cell wall preparations were denatured with sodium dodecyl sulfate and 2-mercaptoethanol and subjected to denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in gels containing bacterial cell walls. after renaturation in the presence of purified and buffered 1% (v/v) triton x-100, cell wall hydrolas ... | 1989 | 2819603 |
| specific 16s ribosomal rna targeted oligonucleotide probe against clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus. | in this article we report on the polymerase chain reaction amplification of a partial 16s rrna gene from the plant pathogenic bacterium clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus. a partial sequence (about 400 base pairs) of the gene was determined that covered two variable regions important for oligonucleotide probe development. a specific 24mer oligonucleotide probe targeted against the v6 region of 16s rrna was designed. specificity of the probe was determined using dot blot hybridization. ... | 1993 | 7508333 |
| identification of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus using the polymerase chain reaction. | from the sequence of a subcloned dna fragment of a highly conserved plasmid of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus a pair of oligonucleotides were devised for use as polymerase chain reaction primers. the primer sequences do not show significant homology with any other sequence deposited in public databases. polymerase chain reactions carried out using this primer pair and untreated cells of all strains of c. michiganesis sepedonicus tested resulted in the amplification of a dna fragmen ... | 1994 | 7517339 |
| pseudothionin-st1, a potato peptide active against potato pathogens. | a 5-kda polypeptide, pseudothionin solanum tuberosum 1 (pth-st1), which was active against clavibacter michiganensis subspecies sepedonicus, a bacterial pathogen of potatoes, has been purified from the buffer-insoluble fraction of potato tubers by salt extraction and hpcl. pth-st1 was also active against other potato pathogens tested (pseudomonas solanacearum and fusarium solani). the n-terminal amino acid sequence of this peptide was identical (except for a n/h substitution at position 2) to th ... | 1994 | 8033886 |
| purification and antipathogenic activity of lipid transfer proteins (ltps) from the leaves of arabidopsis and spinach. | two homogeneous proteins active in vitro against the bacterial pathogen clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus were obtained from a crude cell-wall preparation from the leaves of columbia wild-type arabidopsis. the n-terminal amino acid sequences of these proteins allowed their identification as lipid transfer proteins (ltp-a1, ltp-a2); the ltp1-a1 sequence was identical to that deduced from a previously described cdna (embl m80566) and ltp-a2 was quite divergent (44% identical positions). ... | 1993 | 8405465 |
| lipid transfer proteins (nsltps) from barley and maize leaves are potent inhibitors of bacterial and fungal plant pathogens. | four homogeneous proteins (cw18, cw20, cw21, cw22) were isolated from etiolated barley leaves by extraction of the insoluble pellet from a tris-hcl (ph 7.5) homogenate with 1.5 m licl and fractionation by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. all 4 proteins inhibited growth of the pathogen clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (ec50s = 1-3 x 10(-7) m) and had closely related n-terminal amino acid sequences. the complete amino acid sequences of proteins cw18 and cw21 were d ... | 1993 | 8420795 |
| evidence for plasmid-encoded virulence factors in the phytopathogenic bacterium clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis ncppb382. | the tomato pathogen clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis ncppb382, which causes bacterial wilt, harbors two plasmids pcm1 (27.5 kb) and pcm2 (72 kb). after curing of the plasmids, bacterial derivatives were still proficient in the ability to colonize the host plant and in the production of exopolysaccharides but exhibited a reduced virulence. when one of the two plasmids is lost, there is a significant delay in the development of wilting symptoms after infection and a plasmid-free deri ... | 1993 | 8458855 |
| comparison of 16s ribosomal rna genes in clavibacter michiganensis subspecies with other coryneform bacteria. | nearly complete sequences (97-99%) of the 16s rrna genes were determined for type strains of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, clavibacter michiganensis subsp. insidiosus, clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, and clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis. the four subspecies had less than 1% dissimilarity in their 16s rrna genes. comparative studies indicated that the c. michiganensis subsp. shared relatively high homology with the 16s rrna gene of clavibacter xyli. fu ... | 1995 | 8590406 |
| [the antibiotic properties of the phytotoxic metabolites of botrytis cinerea pers]. | antibiotic properties of substances of a phytotoxic complex from botrytis cinerea have been studied for a number of phytopathogenic bacteria, phytopathogenic and toxigenic fungi as well as saprophytic yeast strains. high fungistatic activity of preparations of phytotoxic metabolites (ptm) has been stated for dendrodochium toxicum, myrothecium verrucaria, m. roridum, aspergillus fumigatus, penicillium urticae, agents of heavy human and cattle mycotoxicoses. the studied representatives of phytopat ... | 1995 | 8714399 |
| [the effect of bacterial polysaccharides on the course of a mycoplasma infection]. | polysaccharides of clavibacter michiganense have been studied for their effect on mycoplasma infection. it is established that content of t-lymphocytes truthfully increased in the groups of animals whose ps 1 and ps 2 were administered both with protective and medical purpose as compared with that in a group of animals with natural course of mycoplasmosis. under these conditions the effect of polysaccharides on t-helpers were not evidently expressed, while they exerted considerable effect on t-s ... | 1996 | 8991596 |
| antimicrobial activities of streptomyces pulcher, s. canescens and s. citreofluorescens against fungal and bacterial pathogens of tomato in vitro. | thirty-seven actinomycete species isolated from fertile cultivated soils in egypt were screened for the production of antimicrobial compounds against a variety of test organisms. most of the isolates exhibited antimicrobial activities against gram-positive, gram-negative, and acid-fast bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi, with special attention to fungal and bacterial pathogens of tomato. on starch-nitrate agar, 14 strains were active against fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (the cause of ... | 1996 | 9131789 |
| improved microscopic identification of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus cells by combining in situ hybridization with immunofluorescence. | an oligonucleotide probe was selected from the 16s rrna gene of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus for specific in situ hybridization. the rhodamine-labelled oligonucleotide probe was used in conjunction with an indirect immunofluorescence procedure based on a specific monoclonal antibody detected with a fluorescein-labelled conjugate. simultaneous labelling of bacterial cells with the oligonucleotide and antibody probes allows accurate microscopic identification of single cells when i ... | 1997 | 9203395 |
| a simple extraction procedure for efficient routine detection of pathogenic bacteria in plant material by polymerase chain reaction. | a simple and rapid method for extracting dna from plants based on the use of an extraction buffer and precipitation with isopropanol was assayed to see its usefulness in detecting pathogenic bacteria in plant material. the method was compared with a phenol-chloroform standard procedure obtaining higher sensitivity levels of detection. the protocol developed was efficient for detecting a gram-positive bacterium, clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus and several gram-negative pathogenic bac ... | 1999 | 10395461 |
| properties of extracellular polysaccharides of potato ring rot pathogen and corresponding recognition sites of potato cell walls. | the properties of extracellular polysaccharides of the potato ring rot pathogen clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (cms) and the corresponding recognition sites isolated from cell walls of potato suspension cultures have been studied. extracellular polysaccharides of cms consist of 4-6 components, which differ greatly in molecular mass (from <1 kd to >700 kd), and are capable of formation of associates stabilized by electrostatic interactions in the presence of calcium. using affinity ... | 1999 | 10561563 |
| substrate specificity of atrazine chlorohydrolase and atrazine-catabolizing bacteria. | bacterial atrazine catabolism is initiated by the enzyme atrazine chlorohydrolase (atza) in pseudomonas sp. strain adp. other triazine herbicides are metabolized by bacteria, but the enzymological basis of this is unclear. here we begin to address this by investigating the catalytic activity of atza by using substrate analogs. purified atza from pseudomonas sp. strain adp catalyzed the hydrolysis of an atrazine analog that was substituted at the chlorine substituent by fluorine. atza did not cat ... | 2000 | 11010866 |
| interactions between clavibacter michiganensis and its host plants. | | 1999 | 11207726 |
| [processes of plant colonization by methylobacterium strains and some bacterial properties ]. | the pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophic bacteria (ppfmb) of the genus methylobacterium are indespensible inhabitants of the plant phyllosphere. using maize zea mays as a model, the ways of plant colonization by ppfmb and some properties of the latter that might be beneficial to plants were studied. a marked strain, methylobacterium mesophilicum apr-8 (pulb113), was generated to facilitate the detection of the methylotrophic bacteria inoculated into the soil or applied to the maize leaves. ... | 2001 | 11386061 |
| effect of solar uv-b radiation on a phyllosphere bacterial community. | the effect of solar uv-b radiation on the population dynamics and composition of the culturable bacterial community from peanut (arachis hypogeae l.) was examined in field studies using plants grown under uv-b-transmitting (uv-b+) or uv-b-excluding (uv-b-) plastic filters. our data demonstrate that solar uv-b selection alters phyllosphere bacterial community composition and that uv tolerance is a prevalent phenotype late in the season. the total bacterial population size was not affected by eith ... | 2001 | 11722897 |
| a highly efficient transposon mutagenesis system for the tomato pathogen clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. | a transposon mutagenesis system for clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis was developed based on antibiotic resistance transposons that were derived from the insertion element is1409 from arthrobacter sp. strain tm1 ncib12013. as a prerequisite, the electroporation efficiency was optimized by using unmethylated dna and treatment of the cells with glycine such that about 5 x 10(6) transformants per microg of dna were generally obtained. electroporation of c. michiganensis subsp. michigan ... | 2001 | 11763129 |
| genomic fingerprinting of virulent and avirulent strains of clavibacter michiganensis subspecies sepedonicus. | genomic fingerprints of c. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus were generated by chef gel electrophoresis of restriction digested high-molecular weight dna. low levels of intra-subspecific variation were detected by cluster analysis of the fingerprints. four haplotypes were identified by genomic fingerprinting with hindiii, and eight were identified with ecori. haplotypes generated with hindiii were less similar than those generated by ecori. haplotypes generated with hindiii formed groups that cor ... | 2002 | 11815855 |
| selection of microbial consortia for treating metal-working fluids. | the aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of a strategy for constructing microbial consortia for treating chemically mixed industrial effluent, based on a more thorough understanding of communities within waste metal-working fluids (mwfs). complementary phenotypic and genotypic methods revealed that the microbial communities in spent mwfs had low diversity and were very similar in species composition in samples originating from different locations and uses. of 65 bacterial isol ... | 2002 | 12080423 |
| detection of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus by amplidet rna, a new technology based on real time monitoring of nasba amplicons with a molecular beacon. | to develop a procedure for direct detection of viable cells of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (cms), the causal organism of bacterial ring rot in potato, based on amplidet rna, in which amplicons generated by nucleic acid sequence based amplification (nasba) are monitored in real time with a molecular beacon. | 2002 | 12392531 |
| comparison of genetic variability between czech and foreign isolates of phytopathogenic bacteria clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus by rep-pcr technique. | repetitive-sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (rep-pcr) method was used for analysis of genetic variability among bacterial populations from different world locations. collection of 26 czech and 13 foreign strains of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus was amplified using box primer targeting to repetitive motif occurring in eubacterial genomes. genetic fingerprints were visually compared and statistically evaluated by cluster analysis. genetic similarity was estimated to be appro ... | 2002 | 12422527 |
| purification and characterization of a collagenolytic enzyme produced by rathayibacter sp. strains isolated from cultures of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. | we show in this work that collagenolytic rathayibacter sp. are isolated with phytopathogenic clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis strains. the rathayibacter strains isolated all produced collagenases. one of these collagenases (from the strain 1715) was purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation, deae cellulose and sephadex g 200 chromatography. characterization of the enzyme showed that it is a true collagenase which is able to degrade both native collagen, gelatin and probably other ... | 1997 | 12452587 |
| isolation of novel ultramicrobacteria classified as actinobacteria from five freshwater habitats in europe and asia. | we describe the first freshwater members of the class actinobacteria that have been isolated. nine ultramicro-size (<0.1 microm(3)) strains were isolated from five freshwater habitats in europe and asia. these habitats represent a broad spectrum of ecosystems, ranging from deep oligotrophic lakes to shallow hypertrophic lakes. even when the isolated strains were grown in very rich media, the cell size was <0.1 microm(3) and was indistinguishable from the cell sizes of bacteria belonging to the s ... | 2003 | 12620827 |
| utilization of monocrotophos as phosphorus source by pseudomonas aeruginosa f10b and clavibacter michiganense subsp. insidiosum sbl 11. | monocrotophos (dimethyl (e)-1-methyl-2-(methylcarbamoyl) vinyl phosphate, or mcp), an organophosphorus insecticide, was used as a sole phosphorus source by the microorganisms isolated from the soil. none of the isolates could utilize mcp as a sole source of carbon. two of the potential microbial isolates, pseudomonas aeruginosa f10b and clavibacter michiganense subsp. insidiosum sbl 11, could utilize mcp as a sole source of phosphorus. pseudomonas aeruginosa f10b showed a lag phase of 4 h, while ... | 2003 | 12718398 |
| construction of biofilms with defined internal architecture using dielectrophoresis and flocculation. | a novel approach was developed for the construction of biofilms with defined internal architecture using ac electrokinetics and flocculation. artificial structured microbial consortia (asmc) consisting of localized layered microcolonies of different cell types were formed by sequentially attracting different cell types to high field regions near microelectrodes using dielectrophoresis. stabilization of the microbial consortia on the electrode surface was achieved by crosslinking the cells using ... | 2003 | 12740931 |
| effect of azospirillum-mediated plant growth promotion on the development of bacterial diseases on fresh-market and cherry tomato. | plant growth-promoting (pgp) activity of two azospirillum strains and their effects on foliar and vascular bacterial diseases were evaluated on fresh market and cherry tomato. | 2003 | 12969298 |
| induced androgenesis in tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill.). iii. characterization of the regenerants. | we present data on the morphological, cytological, biochemical and genetic characteristics of tomato regenerants obtained through anther culture. as a result of induced androgenesis, more than 6,000 rooted regenerants were developed that differed both from the donor plants and among each other with respect to habitus and leaf, flower and inflorescence morphology. cytological analysis revealed a great variability in chromosome number in the cells of the regenerated plants. while most of the regen ... | 2004 | 14551733 |
| temporal dynamics and degradation activity of an bacterial inoculum for treating waste metal-working fluid. | in order for established bioreactors to be effective for treating chemically mixed wastes such as metal working fluids (mwf) it is essential that they harbour microbial populations that can maintain sufficient active biomass and degrade each of the chemical constituents present. in this study we investigated the effectiveness of a bacterial consortium composed of four species (clavibacter michiganensis, methylobacterium mesophilicum, rhodococcus erythropolis and pseudomonas putida), assembled on ... | 2004 | 14871209 |
| determination of genetic differences between fluid and nonfluid variants of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus using rep-pcr technique. | testing of 23 isolates of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus for analysis by rep-pcr (using box, eric, rep primer sets) was used for the purpose of localization of genetic markers for fluid and/or nonfluid strains. none of the primer sets was successful in detecting genetic differences between the isolates and no polymorphism was generated. | 2003 | 14976729 |
| effect of leaf surface waxes on leaf colonization by pantoea agglomerans and clavibacter michiganensis. | to evaluate the influence of leaf cuticular waxes on bacterial colonization of leaves, bacterial colonization patterns were examined on four glossy maize (zea mays l.) mutants that were altered in their cuticular wax biosynthesis. mutant gl3 was indistinguishable from the wild-type maize in its ability to foster colonization by the two bacterial species, pantoea agglomerans and clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis. in contrast, the other three mutants supported the development of popula ... | 2002 | 12481996 |
| a taqman-pcr protocol for quantification and differentiation of the phytopathogenic clavibacter michiganensis subspecies. | real-time taqman-pcr assays were developed for detection, differentiation and absolute quantification of the pathogenic subspecies of clavibacter michiganensis (cm) in one single pcr run. the designed primer pair, targeting intergenic sequences of the rrna operon (its) common in all subspecies, was suitable for the amplification of the expected 223-nt dna fragments of all subspecies. closely related bacteria were completely discriminated, except of rathayibacter iranicus, from which weak pcr pro ... | 2003 | 12401230 |
| proteomic analysis of resistance mediated by rcm 2.0 and rcm 5.1, two loci controlling resistance to bacterial canker of tomato. | two quantitative trait loci from lycopersicon hirsutum, rcm 2.0 and rcm 5.1, control resistance to clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, the causal agent of bacterial canker of tomato. lines containing rcm 2.0 and rcm 5.1 and a susceptible control line were compared at 72 and 144 h postinoculation, using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis to identify proteins regulated in response to c. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis infection. a total of 47 proteins were subjected to tandem mass sp ... | 2004 | 15384492 |
| diversity of grass-associated microbacteriaceae isolated from the phyllosphere and litter layer after mulching the sward; polyphasic characterization of subtercola pratensis sp. nov., curtobacterium herbarum sp. nov. and plantibacter flavus gen. nov., sp. nov. | a representative selection of coryneform bacteria, isolated from the phyllosphere of grasses and the litter layer after mulching the sward, was characterized by a polyphasic approach to clarify their taxonomic position in the family microbacteriaceae, with particular reference to potentially plant-pathogenic bacteria. on the basis of 16s rdna analysis, the isolates can be classified into six genotypes representing the genera curtobacterium, clavibacter, subtercola and a subgroup, which was not a ... | 2002 | 12361245 |
| linear plasmid in the genome of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus. | contour-clamped homogeneous electric field gel analysis of genomic dna of the plant pathogen clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus revealed the presence of a previously unreported extrachromosomal element. this new element was demonstrated to be a linear plasmid. of 11 strains evaluated, all contained either a 90-kb (pcsl1) or a 140-kb (pcsl2) linear plasmid. | 2002 | 11976316 |
| the role of pigmentation, ultraviolet radiation tolerance, and leaf colonization strategies in the epiphytic survival of phyllosphere bacteria. | phenotypic mechanisms that enhance bacterial uvr survival typically include pigmentation and dna repair mechanisms which provide protection from uva and uvb wavelengths, respectively. in this study, we examined the contribution of pigmentation to field survival in clavibacter michiganensis and evaluated differences in population dynamics and leaf colonization strategies. two c. michiganensis pigment-deficient mutants were significantly reduced in uva radiation survival in vitro; one of these mut ... | 2004 | 15883865 |
| streptomyces strains as a source of enzymes, able to hydrolyse the clavibacter exopolymer, clavan. | two soil isolates, identified as streptomyces sp. and designated as streptomyces sp. ysdl-10 and streptomyces sp. ysdl-20, were among the few microorganisms and able to hydrolyse and grow on clavan as sole carbon source. this biopolymer, very rich in l-fucose, is produced in by clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis lmg 5604. the enzyme activity tentatively called clavanase was mainly detected in the culture liquid. however, qualitative tests showed that this activity was very weak in th ... | 2001 | 15954617 |
| bacterial species specificity in prou osmoinducibility and nptii and lacz expression. | reporter gene-based transcriptional fusions are increasingly being used to address questions in microbial ecology, with constitutively expressed fusions enabling microbe tracking and inducible fusions reporting the presence of environmental signals. to more readily apply this technology to a variety of bacterial species, we examined species specificity in the expression of three promoters of interest. a comparison of two potentially constitutive promoters, each fused to the reporter gene gfp, sh ... | 2004 | 16179797 |
| hydrolysis of beta-glucosyl ester linkage of p-hydroxybenzoyl beta-d-glucose, a chemically synthesized glucoside, by beta-glucosidases. | to investigate the hydrolysis of glucosyl esters by beta-glucosidase, p-hydroxybenzoyl beta-d-glucose (phbg) was chemically synthesized. the hydrolytic activity of some beta-glucosidases for phbg was compared to that for p-nitrophenyl beta-glucoside (pnpg). the clavibacter michiganense and flavobacterium johnsonae enzymes could hydrolyze phbg and steviol glycosides which are natural glucosyl esters. the commercial beta-glucosidase originating from caldocellum saccharolyticum also hydrolyzes phbg ... | 2000 | 16232920 |
| identification of homologues to the pathogenicity factor pat-1, a putative serine protease of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. | hybridization of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis total dna against the pathogenicity gene pat-1 indicated the presence of pat-1 homologous nucleotide sequences on the chromosome and on plasmid pcm2. isolation of the corresponding dna fragments and nucleotide sequence determination showed that there are three pat-1 homologous genes: chpa (chromosome) and phpa and phpb (plasmid pcm2). the gene products share common characteristics, i.e. a signal sequence for sec-dependent secretion, ... | 2005 | 16255147 |
| identification of a tomatinase in the tomato-pathogenic actinomycete clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis ncppb382. | the insertion site of a transposon mutant of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis ncppb382 was cloned and found to be located in the gene toma encoding a member of the glycosyl hydrolase family 10. the intact gene was obtained from a cosmid library of c. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. the deduced protein toma (543 amino acids, 58 kda) contains a predicted signal peptide and two domains, the n-terminal catalytic domain and a c-terminal fibronectin iii-like domain. the closest well- ... | 2005 | 16255248 |
| development of a pcr test for the detection of curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens. | a chromosomal dna library of the bacterial pathogen of bean, curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv.flaccumfaciens ncppb 559 was constructed in the plasmid pgem-7zf(+). several clones were identified that hybridised to all curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pathovars including: c. f betae, c. f flaccumfaciens, c. f oortii, c. f. poinsettiae and, in addition, to some strains of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. insidiosus and clavibacter michiganensis subsp. one of these clones (ppmp-26), after subsequent di ... | 2001 | 11761362 |
| channel activity of a phytotoxin of clavibacter michiganense ssp. nebraskense in tethered membranes. | solid-supported membranes immobilized on gold electrodes were used to detect and characterize the spontaneously inserting anion-selective protein channel (clavibacter anion channel, cac) present in the culture fluid of clavibacter michiganense ssp. nebraskense. three different membrane systems varying in the composition of the first chemisorbed monolayer were investigated by means of impedance spectroscopy. conductance changes of the immobilized lipid membranes were sensitively detected after ad ... | 2001 | 11718295 |
| purification and characterization of phosphotriesterases from pseudomonas aeruginosa f10b and clavibacter michiganense subsp. insidiosum sbl11. | a microbial biodegradation of monocrotophos was studied in the present investigation. the monocrotophos-degrading enzyme was purified and characterized from two soil bacterial strains. the cells were disrupted and the membrane-bound fractions were studied for purification and characterization. solubilization of the membrane-bound fractions released nearly 80% of the bound protein. phase separation further enriched the enzyme fraction 34-41 times. the enzyme phosphotriesterase (pte) from both the ... | 2006 | 16541152 |
| isolation and biological activity of frankiamide. | an antibiotic produced by the symbiotic actinomycete frankia strain aips1 was isolated from culture broth using optimized thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) methods. the novel compound that was isolated, dubbed frankiamide, displayed antimicrobial activity against all 14 gram-positive bacterial strains and six pathogenic fungal strains tested. the pathogenic actinomycete clavibacter michiganensis and the oomycete phytophthora were especially susceptible. ... | 2001 | 11598813 |
| purification and characterization of a heat-stable serine protease inhibitor from the tubers of new potato variety "golden valley". | potide-g, a small (5578.9 da) antimicrobial peptide, was isolated from potato tubers (solanum tuberosum l. cv. golden valley) through extraction of the water-soluble fraction, dialysis, ultrafiltration and deae-cellulose and c18 reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. this antimicrobial peptide was heat-stable and almost completely suppressed the proteolytic activity of trypsin, chymotrypsin and papain, with no hemolytic activity. in addition, potide-g potently inhibited growth of ... | 2006 | 16777063 |
| effect of fragarin on the cytoplasmic membrane of the phytopathogen clavibacter michiganensis. | fragarin, an antibiotic that was isolated and purified from a soluble fraction of strawberry leaves, may be a new type of preformed antimicrobial compound (phytoanticipin). here, we report that the growth and oxygen consumption of the phytopathogenic bacterium clavibacter michiganensis were rapidly inhibited after the addition of fragarin to cultures. also, dissipation of the membrane potential and an increase of cell membrane permeability were observed in the presence of fragarin. the ability o ... | 2001 | 11437268 |
| the tomato pathogen clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis: producer of several antimicrobial substances. | to purify and analyse antimicrobial substances produced by the tomato pathogen clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis (cmm), with potential application in control of clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus (cms), the causal agent of bacterial ring rot of potato. | 2007 | 17241347 |
| subtercola boreus gen. nov., sp. nov. and subtercola frigoramans sp. nov., two new psychrophilic actinobacteria isolated from boreal groundwater. | psychrophilic actinobacterial isolates from permanently cold groundwater in finland were characterized using a polyphasic approach. growth on agar plates was observed at temperatures down to -2 degrees c, with an optimum at 15-17 degrees c, but no growth was observed at 30 degrees c. the peptidoglycan type was b2y and the characteristic diamino acid was diaminobutyric acid. the cell wall sugars of strain k265t were rhamnose, ribose, xylose and mannose and those of strain k300t were glucose, rham ... | 2000 | 11034481 |
| evaluation of the efficacy of immunomagnetic separation for the detection of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in tomato seeds. | to evaluate the effectiveness of the optimized immunomagnetic separation (ims)-plating protocol in relation to other culture, serological and molecular techniques currently used for clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in seed-testing laboratories. | 2008 | 17927739 |
| construction of internal control for the quantitative assay of aspergillus fumigatus using real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification. | we have developed a scheme for quantitative real-time (rti) nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (nasba) for the detection of aspergillus fumigatus using internal control (ic) rna. construction of ic rna began with the synthesis of nontarget sequences from clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus by a primary polymerase chain reaction (pcr) step, followed by a secondary pcr step using chimeric primers to produce a chimeric sequence including a t7 promoter region. finally, chimeric ic rn ... | 2008 | 17935925 |
| the endo-beta-1,4-glucanase cela of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis is a pathogenicity determinant required for induction of bacterial wilt of tomato. | the phytopathogenic bacterium clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis ncppb382, which causes bacterial wilt and canker of tomato, harbors two plasmids, pcm1 (27.35 kb) and pcm2 (72 kb), encoding genes involved in virulence (d. meletzus, a. bermpohl, j. dreier, and r. eichenlaub, 1993, j. bacteriol. 175:2131-2136; j. dreier, d. meletzus, and r. eichenlaub, 1997, mol. plant-microbe interact. 10:195-206). the region of pcm1 carrying the endoglucanase gene cela was mapped by deletion analysis ... | 2000 | 10875331 |
| genome of the actinomycete plant pathogen clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus suggests recent niche adaptation. | clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus is a plant-pathogenic bacterium and the causative agent of bacterial ring rot, a devastating agricultural disease under strict quarantine control and zero tolerance in the seed potato industry. this organism appears to be largely restricted to an endophytic lifestyle, proliferating within plant tissues and unable to persist in the absence of plant material. analysis of the genome sequence of c. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus and comparison with the ... | 2008 | 18192393 |
| rapid fluorescence assessment of intracellular ph as a viability indicator of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. | the viability of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (cmm) was determined by measuring the intracellular ph (phin) as a viability parameter. this was based on the observation that growth of cmm was inhibited at ph 5.5 and below. therefore, viable cells should maintain their phin above this ph value. the phin of cmm was determined using the fluorescent probe 5(and 6-)-carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (cfse). the phin of cmm cells exposed to acid treatments was determined using flu ... | 2000 | 10792541 |
| effect of composting and pasteurisation on two important quarantine pests of potato. | the effect of composting and pasteurization on the quarantine pests of potato clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus (cms) and synchytrium endobioticum (se) were examined on an experimental scale. composting was performed with 2-l pots and 60-l composters for two months at temperatures below 50 degrees c and for 12 and 21 days at temperatures above 65 degrees c. pasteurization was performed via water bath at 70 degrees c for maximum 2 hours. pathogens were introduced directly or via carriers ... | 2007 | 18399462 |
| snakin-1, a peptide from potato that is active against plant pathogens. | a new type of antimicrobial peptide, snakin-1 (sn1), has been isolated from potato tubers and found to be active, at concentrations < 10 microm, against bacterial and fungal pathogens from potato and other plant species. the action of sn1 and potato defensin pth1 was synergistic against the bacterium clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus and additive against the fungus botrytis cinerea. snakin-1 causes aggregation of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. the peptide has 63 amino ... | 1999 | 9885189 |
| antimicrobial and cytotoxic assessment of marine cyanobacteria - synechocystis and synechococcus. | aqueous extracts and organic solvent extracts of isolated marine cyanobacteria strains were tested for antimicrobial activity against a fungus, gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and for cytotoxic activity against primary rat hepatocytes and hl-60 cells. antimicrobial activity was based on the agar diffusion assay. cytotoxic activity was measured by apoptotic cell death scored by cell surface evaluation and nuclear morphology. a high percentage of apoptotic cells were observed for hl-60 ce ... | 2008 | 18648669 |
| expression and functional characterization of the plant antimicrobial snakin-1 and defensin recombinant proteins. | in this study, for the first time, functionally active, recombinant, cysteine-rich plant proteins snakin-1 (sn1) and defensin (pth1) were expressed and purified using a prokaryotic expression system. the overall level of antimicrobial activities of sn1 and pth1 produced in escherichia coli was commensurate with that of the same proteins previously obtained from plant tissues. both proteins exhibited strong antibacterial activity against the phytopathogenic bacterium clavibacter michiganensis sub ... | 2009 | 18824107 |
| novel defensin subfamily from spinach (spinacia oleracea). | antimicrobial peptides (so-d1-7) were isolated from a crude cell wall preparation from spinach leaves (spinacia oleracea cv. matador) and, judged from their amino acid sequences, six of them (so-d2-7) represented a novel structural subfamily of plant defensins (group iv). group-iv defensins were also functionally distinct from those of groups i-iii. they were active at concentrations < 20 microm against gram-positive (clavibacter michiganensis) and gram-negative (ralstonia solanacearum) bacteria ... | 1998 | 9762899 |
| bacterial populations associated with rice seed in the tropical environment. | abstract during the 1995 wet season, harvested rice seed was collected from farmers' fields at different locations in iloilo, philippines. bacterial isolations from crushed seed yielded 428 isolates. the isolates were characterized by box-polymerase chain reaction fingerprinting of total genomic dna and represented 151 fingerprint types (fpt). most fpts were found on a single occasion, although matching fingerprints for isolates from different samples also were found. identifications were made b ... | 2001 | 18943348 |
| comparative dynamics of adherent and nonadherent bacterial populations on maize leaves. | abstract the dynamics of the adherent and nonadherent populations of three bacterial species on maize leaves were examined to identify the extent to which bacteria adhere to leaves and the importance of this adhesion to leaf colonization. pantoea agglomerans strain brt98, clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis strain gh2390, and pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae strain hs191r all rapidly adhered to maize leaves following inoculation, but differed in the percentage of cells that adhered to ... | 2002 | 18944027 |
| an oligonucleotide array for the identification and differentiation of bacteria pathogenic on potato. | abstract oligonucleotides, 16 to 24 bases long, were selected from the 3' end of the 16s gene and the 16s-23s intergenic spacer regions of bacteria pathogenic on potato, including clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, ralstonia solanacearum, and the pectolytic erwinias, including erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica and carotovora and e. chrysanthemi. oligonucleotides were designed and formatted into an array by pin spotting on nylon membranes. genomic dna from bacterial cultures was am ... | 2003 | 18944335 |
| effect of bactericides on population sizes and spread of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis on tomatoes in the greenhouse and on disease development and crop yield in the field. | abstract chemical applications, with the exception of mancozeb, reduced population sizes and spread of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis among tomato seedlings in the greenhouse and impacted subsequent plant development and yield in the field. while applications of copper hydroxide, copper hydroxide/mancozeb, copper hydroxide/mancozeb (premixed 12 h before spraying), streptomycin, and streptomycin/copper hydroxide to seedlings in the greenhouse did not differ significantly from the ... | 2000 | 18944570 |
| rep-pcr-mediated genomic fingerprinting: a rapid and effective method to identify clavibacter michiganensis. | abstract the genomic dna fingerprinting technique known as repetitive-sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (rep-pcr) was evaluated as a tool to differentiate subspecies of clavibacter michiganensis, with special emphasis on c. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, the pathogen responsible for bacterial canker of tomato. dna primers (rep, eric, and box), corresponding to conserved repetitive element motifs in the genomes of diverse bacterial species, were used to generate genomic fingerprints o ... | 1998 | 18944895 |
| nested pcr for ultrasensitive detection of the potato ring rot bacterium, clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus. | oligonucleotide primers derived from sequences of the 16s rrna gene (cmr16f1, cmr16r1, cmr16f2, and cmr16r2) and insertion element is1121 of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (cmsif1, cmsir1, cmsif2, and cmisr2) were used in nested pcr to detect the potato ring rot bacterium c. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus. nested pcr with primer pair cmsif1-cmsir1 followed by primer pair cmsif2-cmsir2 specifically detected c. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, while nested pcr with cmr16f1-cmr16r1 ... | 1997 | 9212412 |
| characterization of the plasmid encoded virulence region pat-1 of phytopathogenic clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. | the tomato pathogen clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis ncppb382, causing bacterial wilt and canker, harbors two plasmids, pcm1 (27.5 kb) and pcm2 (72 kb), carrying genes involved in virulence. the region of plasmid pcm2 encoding the pathogenicity locus pat-1 was mapped by deletion analysis and complementation studies to a 1.5-kb bg/ii/smai dna fragment. introduction of the pat-1 region into endophytic, plasmid-free isolates of c. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis converted these bac ... | 1997 | 9057325 |
| specific detection of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus by amplification of three unique dna sequences isolated by subtraction hybridization. | abstract three single-copy, unique dna fragments, designated cms50, cms72, and cms85, were isolated from strain cs3 of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus by subtraction hybridization using driver dna from c. michiganensis subsp. insidiosus, c. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, and rhodococcus facians. radio-labeled probes made of these fragments and used in southern blot analysis revealed each to be absolutely specific to all north american c. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus strains ... | 1997 | 18945054 |
| stable transformation of the gram-positive phytopathogenic bacterium clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus with several cloning vectors. | in this paper we describe transformation of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, the potato ring rot bacterium, with plasmid vectors. three of the plasmids used, pdm100, pdm302, and pdm306, contain the origin of replication from pcm1, a native plasmid of c. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. we constructed two new cloning vectors, phn205 and phn216, by using the origin of replication of pcm2, another native plasmid of c. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. plasmids pdm302, phn205, and ... | 1996 | 8633849 |
| in vitro cellulolytic activity of the plant pathogen clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus. | the activity of four clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus strains against various cellulose substrates was investigated. sixty-seven clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus strains grew well on media amended with carboxymethylcellulose, 64 strains produced zones of hydrolysis. endoglucanase activity was optimal at 37 degrees c and ph 6.0 against carboxymethylcellulose incorporated in plate assays. zymogram and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the pr ... | 1995 | 8590403 |
| detection of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus by dna amplification. | control of bacterial ring rot ultimately depends on the accurate and sensitive detection of c. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus in infected potato tissues and tubers. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) based detection of c. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus appears to have the potential to circumvent many of the problems currently associated with detection of this phytopathogen. pcr reactions using primers specific to c. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus and genomic dnas from related strains, includi ... | 1993 | 8339912 |
| antimicrobial activity of pyrrocidines from acremonium zeae against endophytes and pathogens of maize. | acremonium zeae produces pyrrocidines a and b, which are polyketide-amino acid-derived antibiotics, and is recognized as a seedborne protective endophyte of maize which augments host defenses against microbial pathogens causing seedling blights and stalk rots. pyrrocidine a displayed significant in vitro activity against aspergillus flavus and fusarium verticillioides in assays performed using conidia as inoculum, with pyrrocidine a being more active than b. in equivalent assays performed with c ... | 2009 | 19055442 |
| antimicrobial activity of isolate hl-12 against clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in the presence of cadmium. | an actinomycete, strain hl-12, that was isolated from a farmland on the huajiachi campus of zhejiang university was capable of inhibiting the growth of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (cmm) and was identified as a member of streptomyces. its antimicrobial activity against cmm was measured using the agar plate sensitivity method in pure culture and evaluated by the inhibition ratio of cmm in soil. the inhibitory activity of strain hl-12 against cmm following exposure to low concent ... | 2009 | 19194799 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection and identification of plant pathogenic bacteria (in particular for erwinia amylovora and clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus). | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) is the most commonly used serological diagnostic technique. a number of different elisa formats can be used for the detection of bacterial plant pathogens and in particular erwinia amylovora and clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus. | 2009 | 19301748 |
| use of buckwheat seed protease inhibitor gene for improvement of tobacco and potato plant resistance to biotic stress. | the possibility to use agrobacterial transformation of leaf discs to produce resistance to bacterial infections in tobacco and potato plants by introduction of a single gene encoding the serine proteinase inhibitor bwi-1a (isp) from buckwheat seeds is shown. all studied pcr-positive transgenic plants exhibited antibacterial activity in biotests. it was shown that the presence of just a single gene of serine proteinase inhibitor provides sufficient protection at least against two bacterial phytop ... | 2009 | 19364319 |
| single-channel analysis of the anion channel-forming protein from the plant pathogenic bacterium clavibacter michiganense ssp. nebraskense. | the anion channel protein from clavibacter michiganense ssp. nebraskense (schürholz, th. et al. 1991, j. membrane biol. 123: 1-8) was analyzed at different concentrations of kcl and kf. at 0.8 m kcl the conductance g(v(m)) increases exponentially from 21 ps at 50 mv up to 53 ps at v(m) = 200 mv, 20 degrees c. the concentration dependence of g(v(m)) corresponds to a michaelis-menten type saturation function at all membrane voltage values applied (0-200 mv). the anion concentration k(0.5), where g ... | 1993 | 19431871 |
| expression of biologically active hordothionins in tobacco. effects of pre- and pro-sequences at the amino and carboxyl termini of the hordothionin precursor on mature protein expression and sorting. | hordothionins (hths) are small anti-bacterial proteins present in barley endosperm which are processed from larger precursor proteins, consisting of an amino-terminal signal peptide (sp), the mature highly basic hth and a carboxy-terminal acidic peptide (ap). different hth precursor proteins were expressed in tobacco to study the effects of the pre-sequences (sp) and pro-sequences (ap) on expression, processing, sorting and biological activity and hence the feasibility of engineering bacterial d ... | 1994 | 8111029 |
| anion channel forming activity from the plant pathogenic bacterium clavibacter michiganense ssp. nebraskense. | the plant pathogenic bacterium clavibacter michiganense ssp. nebraskense secretes an anion channel forming activity (cfa) into the culture field. the cfa inserts spontaneously into planar lipid membranes when culture fluid of this species is added to the aqueous phase of the bilayer chamber. the channels formed are highly anion selective. the conductance decreases for larger anions (cl- greater than scn- greater than so2-(4] and is practically zero for gluconate. the channels show a unique volta ... | 1991 | 1723101 |
| [identification and analysis of an actinomycete strain suppressing clavibacter michiganensis subsp, michiganensis]. | to identify and analyze bioactive compounds of an actinomycete strain z-l-22 suppressing clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, the causal agent of bacterial canker of tomato. | 2009 | 19873752 |
| miniprimer pcr assay targeting multiple genes: a new rapid and reliable tool for genotyping pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii. | development of a 'miniprimer' pcr assay for genotyping pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii, the causal agent of the stewart's bacterial wilt on maize. | 2010 | 20002575 |
| purification and characterization of a novel antimicrobial peptide from maize (zea mays l.) kernels. | several small, acid-soluble, basic peptides with anti-microbial properties have been isolated from maize (inbred b73) kernels. one of these peptides (mbp-1) has been purified to homogeneity and characterized. the peptide has a molecular weight of 4127.08 as determined by plasma desorption mass spectroscopy, has no free cysteines, and is predominantly alpha-helical as determined by circular dichroism. the primary sequence of the peptide (33 residues) has been determined by edman degradation and s ... | 1992 | 1527010 |
| effects of bovine milk lactoperoxidase system on some bacteria. | bovine lactoperoxidase (lpo) was purified from skimmed milk using amberlite cg-50-h+ resin, cm sephadex c-50 ion-exchange chromatography, and sephadex g-100 gel filtration chromatography. lactoperoxidase was purified 20.45-fold with a yield of 28.8%. purity of enzyme checked by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis method and a single band was observed. km was 0.25 mm at 20 degrees c, vmax value was 7.95 micromol/ml min at 20 degrees c (ph 6.0). antibacterial study was done ... | 2010 | 20198919 |
| enzymatic conversion of the clavan exopolysaccharide by streptomyces sp. ysdl-20. | a screening programme was set up to isolate microorganisms able to hydrolyse the complex biopolymer clavan produced by clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis lmg 5604. this valuable exopolysaccharide is very rich in l-fucose (37.5% w/w), a rare sugar, used in the medical field (vanhooren, 1999). a microorganism capable of depolymerizing the polymer may decrease the high viscosity during clavan batch fermentations and remove the limitations of the oxygen transfer and consequently increase ... | 2003 | 15296189 |
| mapping, genetic effects, and epistatic interaction of two bacterial canker resistance qtls from lycopersicon hirsutum. | two quantitative trait loci (qtl) from lycopersicon hirsutum, rcm 2.0 and rcm 5.1, control resistance to clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis ( cmm). to precisely map both loci, we applied interval mapping techniques to 1,056 individuals in three populations exhibiting f(2) segregation. based on a 1-lod confidence interval, rcm 2.0 mapped to a 14.9-cm interval on chromosome 2 and accounted for 25.7-34.0% of the phenotypic variation in disease severity. rcm 5.1 mapped to a 4.3-cm interv ... | 2004 | 15067391 |
| clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis: first steps in the understanding of virulence of a gram-positive phytopathogenic bacterium. | clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis is a plant-pathogenic actinomycete. it infects tomato, spreads through the xylem and causes bacterial wilt and canker. the wild-type strain ncppb382 carries two plasmids, pcm1 and pcm2. the cured plasmid-free derivative cmm100 is still able to colonize tomato, but no disease symptoms develop indicating that all genes required for successful infection, establishment and growth in the plant reside on the chromosome. both plasmids carry one virulence f ... | 2003 | 14651860 |
| [etiology of mass tomato disease in the farms of ukraine]. | it was established, that the main cause of bacterial tomato wilting in the fields and greenhouses is clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, the agent of tomato bacterial canker. it is especially dangerous in the greenhouse soil, where it causes the mass plant diseases in the fruiting period. in greenhouses, the tbc appears as the vein disease, while in fields--as leaf and fruit disease. in conditions of artificial infection in fields, the ability of cmm to cause the fruit rotting was fo ... | 2009 | 20458935 |
| comparison of specificity and sensitivity of immunochemical and molecular techniques for determination of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. | detection of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (cmm), causing bacterial canker of tomato, was verified using pta-elisa and ifas with pabs of neogen europe ltd. (uk), and with published and also laboratory-generated pcr primers from the cmm tomatinase gene. the specificity of this technique was determined with 15 plant-pathogenic and 4 common, saprophytic bacteria. with ifas, crossreactions were found for pantoea dispersa, p. agglomerans and rahnella aquatilis, and with pta-elisa for ... | 2010 | 20526836 |
| [effect of cultivation conditions on fatty acid content of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis lipids]. | the fatty acid content of c. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis cellular lipids in different culture conditions was investigated. it was established, that it lies in a narrow range c14-c18 and belongs to isoanteiso type. the species character is constant, independent of temperature, duration of cultivation and medium content dominance of saturated branched-chain fatty acids, among which the anteiso-acids dominate, generally a-c15. a response to the temperature modification of bacteria cultivatio ... | 2010 | 20695226 |
| whole genome shotgun sequencing guided by bioinformatics pipelines--an optimized approach for an established technique. | while the sequencing of bacterial genomes has become a routine procedure at major sequencing centers, there are still a number of genome projects at small- or medium-size facilities. for these facilities a maximum of control over sequencing, assembling and finishing is essential. at the same time, facilities have to be able to co-operate at minimum costs for the overall project. we have established a pipeline for the distributed sequencing of alcanivorax borkumensis sk2, azoarcus sp. bh72, clavi ... | 2003 | 14651855 |
| glycoalkaloid aglycone accumulations associated with infection by clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus in potato species solanum acaule and solanum tuberosum and their interspecific somatic hybrids. | solanum acaule bitt., a wild potato species, is closely related to cultivated potato (solanum. tuberosum l.). incorporation of desirable traits from allotetraploid [2n=4x=48, 2 endosperm balance number (ebn)] s. acaule (acl) into autotetraploid (2n=4x=48, 4ebn) s. tuberosum (tbr) is difficult due to incongruity boundaries. in this study, three hybrid combinations, each with a specific genome constitution, were produced through protoplast fusion: (1) hexaploid 2x acl (+) 4x tbr, (2) tetraploid 2x ... | 2005 | 15365763 |
| in silico evaluation of molecular probes for detection and identification of ralstonia solanacearum and clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus. | ralstonia solanacerum and clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus are the two most relevant bacterial pathogens of potato for which a large number of molecular diagnostic methods using specific dna sequences have been developed. about one hundred oligonucleotides have been described and thoroughly tested experimentally. after having compiled and evaluated all these primers and probes in silico to check their specificity, many discrepancies were found. a detailed analysis permitted the recog ... | 2004 | 15490560 |
| antimicrobial activity studies on a trypsin-chymotrypsin protease inhibitor obtained from potato. | a 5.6 kda trypsin-chymotrypsin protease inhibitor was isolated from the tubers of the potato (solanum tuberosum l cv. gogu) by extraction of the water-soluble fraction, dialysis, ultrafiltration, and c18 reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. this inhibitor, which we named potamin-1 (pt-1), was thermostable and possessed antimicrobial activity but lacked hemolytic activity. pt-1 strongly inhibited pathogenic microbial strains, including candida albicans, rhizoctonia solani, and c ... | 2005 | 15809084 |
| differential effects of lithium chloride on in vitro growth of clavibacter michiganense subsp. nebraskense depending upon inoculum source. | the bacterium clavibacter michiganense subsp. nebraskense (corynebacterium michiganense subsp. nebraskense) was grown in broth cultures and inoculated into corn plants. the plating efficiency of cells from broth cultures was essentially the same on nutrient broth-yeast extract and the semiselective medium for this bacterium, cns. however, when cells were isolated from goss bacterial wilt- and blight-infected corn, very few were recovered on cns compared with the amount recovered on nutrient brot ... | 1986 | 16347153 |
| homology of pcs1 plasmid sequences with chromosomal dna in clavibacter michiganense subsp. sepedonicum: evidence for the presence of a repeated sequence and plasmid integration. | restriction fragments of pcs1, a 50.6-kilobase (kb) plasmid present in many strains of clavibacter michiganense subsp. sepedonicum ("corynebacterium sepedonicum"), have been cloned in an m13mp11 phage vector. radiolabeled forms of these cloned fragments have been used as southern hybridization probes for the presence of plasmid sequences in chromosomal dna of this organism. these studies have shown that all tested strains lacking the covalently closed circular form of pcs1 contain the plasmid in ... | 1987 | 16347464 |
| detection of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in tomato seeds using immunomagnetic separation. | the use of pathogen-free plant material is the main strategy for controlling bacterial canker of tomato caused by clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. however, detection and isolation of this pathogen from seeds before field or greenhouse cultivation is difficult when the bacterium is at low concentration and associated microbiota are present. immunomagnetic separation (ims), based on the use of immunomagnetic beads (imbs) coated with specific antibodies, was used to capture c. michig ... | 2006 | 16631265 |