| simple non-invasive early detection and localization of specific cancer tissues of internal organs and differentiation of cancer tissue from surrounding areas infected by cancer related viruses, as well as evaluation of their micro-circulatory condition & drug uptake using the bi-digital o-ring test. | in 1984, the author first developed a simple, quick, non-invasive, economical method of detecting cancer in specific internal organs, using the bi-digital o-ring test (bdort), with a microscope slide of specific cancer of a specific internal organ as a reference control substance. the detection rate for cancer screening was much greater than with any standard diagnostic tests. when imaging was performed using the bdort, the area of positive response to the cancer positive slide was often much gr ... | 1990 | 1982044 |
| [effective method of introducing plasmid dna into eukaryotic cells by using liposomes for producing vaccinia virus recombinants]. | the method of transfection of eukaryotic cells by plasmid dna and production of recombinant vaccinia virus is described. the method is based on dna encapsulation into reverse evaporation vesicles containing gangliosides, with a subsequent incubation of liposomes with vaccinia-infected cells in the presence of uv-inactivated sendai virus. the recombinant dna of vaccinia virus containing part of env gene of htlv-3/lav virus was obtained. | 1987 | 2823928 |
| the aids problem in africa. | the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) is now occurring in many parts of tropical africa. knowledge of the genesis of this condition in africa, its spread between people and between different regions, and the size of the problem has been hampered by lack of data and perhaps misleading preliminary laboratory results. this review summarizes the extent of our knowledge and the relevance of studies of aids in africa to the disease elsewhere. aids was 1st diagnosed among african patients re ... | 1986 | 2867324 |
| the origins of hiv-1 and htlv-4/hiv-2. | more sophisticated knowledge of the different strains of seemingly closely related retroviruses is essential to understanding acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and developing a successful vaccine. distinct exogenous human retroviruses include human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), the etiologic agent in aids; human t-lymphotropic virus type 1 (htlv-1), which has been linked with adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma; and htlv-ii, a virus closely linked to htlv-i but not definitively impl ... | 1987 | 2894192 |
| antibody to human lymphotropic virus type iii: immunologic status of homosexual contacts of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and the acquired immunodeficiency-related complex. | twenty homosexual men who reported having sexual contact with homosexual men who had the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) or the aids-related complex were examined to determine their clinical status, immunologic profiles, and the presence of antibody to the human t-cell lymphotropic virus type iii (htlv-iii). of the 20, eight men had one or more signs or symptoms of the aids-related complex and 12 were asymptomatic. antibodies to htlv-iii were present in 14 (70%) of 20 of the sexual con ... | 1987 | 2951878 |
| human t-cell leukemia-lymphoma virus type 1 and adult t-cell leukemia-lymphoma in okinawa. | a serological survey for the presence of antibodies against the human t-cell leukemia virus, type 1 (htlv-1) in patients seen at the chubu hospital in okinawa was undertaken. all patients with the clinicopathological diagnosis of adult t-cell leukemia-lymphoma were positive. these cases had the characteristic features of adult t-cell leukemia-lymphoma: diffuse histology, often mixed cell or pleomorphic, and a high frequency of hypercalcemia, leukemic phase, diffuse visceral involvement, and oppo ... | 1985 | 2985255 |
| monoclonal antibodies reactive with human t cell lymphotropic virusi (htlvi) p19 internal core protein: cross-reactivity with normal tissues and differential reactivity with htlv types i and ii. | three monoclonal antibodies to human t cell lymphotropic virus type i (htlvi) p19 internal core protein, designated as alpha htlv-2, 3, and 4, have been developed. in indirect immunofluorescence (if) assays, these antibodies reacted with acetone-fixed cytocentrifuge preparations of culture htlvi-infected peripheral blood leukocyte (pbl) from a patient (sd) with japanese adult t cell leukemia and with infected hut-102 t cells but not with cultured normal pbl. anti-p19 antibodies alpha htlv-2, 3, ... | 1985 | 2987346 |
| immunopathology of aids (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) observations in 75 patients with pre-aids and aids. | sequential changes in the morphology of immunocompetent and other organs, in the accompanying immunocytological and immunovirological measurements are described in 75 patients with lymphadenopathy syndrome and with aids. the data presented demonstrate a stepwise development of the disease from a hyperimmunization syndrome to t-cell immune deficiency. excessive antigenic stimulation by a large number of infectious organisms or by transfusion of blood and blood products account for antigenic overl ... | 1985 | 3001678 |
| the relationship between 2-5a synthetase levels and persistent lymphadenopathy in homosexual men with antibodies to htlv-iii. | this study compared clinical and laboratory parameters in 37 individuals with serologic evidence of exposure to human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 3 (htlv-iii) and generalized lymphadenopathy. basal levels of the interferon-induced enzyme, 2-5a synthetase were also measured and compared with the clinical parameters. a significant linear relationship (p less than .05) was demonstrated between the logarithm of the basal synthetase level and both the number and size of palpable nodes in the poste ... | 1986 | 3015469 |
| distribution of p24 htlv3 major core protein in lymph nodes of las patients. | lymph nodes of patients with lymphadenopathy syndrome (las) are characterized by two main histological patterns: hyperplastic reactive (h) and regressive (r). in both conditions, the paracortex (pc) is markedly activated with presence of selectively ia-1+ high endothelial venules. using a monoclonal antibody for p24, the major core protein of htlv3, we have immunohistochemically determined the distribution of p24+ cells in lymph nodes from 23 las patients' htlv3-ab serologically positive. p24+ c ... | 1987 | 3121180 |
| investigation of htlv-3 serology in a renal transplant population. | from june 1977 to march 1985, 572 renal transplants were performed at the university of texas medical school at houston. this represented 220 patients (151 cadaveric [cad] and 69 living-related donor [lrd] recipients) treated with azathioprine and prednisone (aza-pred) and 352 patients (250 cad and 102 lrd) treated with cyclosporine (csa) and pred. sera from each recipient before and after transplant (tx) as well as from each of their 436 donors (265 cad and 171 lrd) were retrospectively tested ... | 1987 | 3544383 |
| fulminant community-acquired infectious diseases: diagnostic problems. | the processes presented here do not represent an all-inclusive list of fulminant infectious diseases. some of the more common acute, overwhelming infections of the central nervous system and lungs are covered elsewhere in this issue. we have selected less common, potentially catastrophic syndromes that might be recognized earlier if certain historical clues, physical findings, or laboratory abnormalities are appreciated. specific and effective therapy is available for most of the diseases we hav ... | 1986 | 3736273 |
| the histologic features of hyperplastic lymphadenopathy in aids-related complex are nonspecific. | follicular hyperplasia is the most common histologic finding in lymph nodes of patients with aids-related complex (arc) and persistent generalized lymphadenopathy. to determine the specificity of the published features considered characteristic of this condition, we compared two sets of lymph-node biopsy specimens with follicular hyperplasia. thirty-eight specimens were from human immunodeficiency virus (hiv/htlv3/lav) positive homosexual men with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy, and 87 s ... | 1987 | 3812877 |
| virus-associated lymphomas, leukaemias and immunodeficiencies in africa. | the relationship between viruses and naturally occurring cancers, such as hepatocellular carcinoma and genital cancers, is of great importance to africa. on the other hand, lymphomas, leukaemias and immunodeficiencies, although of less immediate public health importance, constitute an area of outstanding interest for research and their association with the epstein-barr virus (ebv) and the newly discovered human retroviruses merits world-wide attention. ebv-related malignancies in africa include ... | 1984 | 6100286 |
| the current risk of retroviral infections transmitted by transfusion in patients who have undergone multiple transfusions. cooleycare cooperative group. | to conduct a multicenter, prospective survey within the program of the cooleycare cooperative group to evaluate the rate of transfusion-transmitted infections with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and human t-lymphotropic virus (htlv) in a cohort of patients who were homozygous for beta thalassemia and underwent multiple transfusions during the 6-year follow-up. | 1998 | 9679798 |
| trends in incidence and prevalence of major transfusion-transmissible viral infections in us blood donors, 1991 to 1996. retrovirus epidemiology donor study (reds) | evaluating trends in blood donor infectious disease rates is essential for monitoring blood supply safety and donor screening effectiveness. | 2000 | 10889598 |
| htlv-3 infection and aids: risk of spread by heterosexual contact. | this article reviews current research evidence on the natural history, epidemiology, and clinical features of acquired immunodeficiency disease (aids) and presents guidelines for controlling the sexual transmission of human lymphotropic virus type iii (htlv-iii) infection. the rapid spread of htlv-iii infection through homosexual communities in the us and europe and its association with promiscuity initially obscured the fact that heterosexual transmission is also a significant risk factor for ... | 1986 | 12267664 |
| acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids)--recommendations of imap. | this statement was prepared by the ippf medical department in response to requests from family planning associations for clear and accurate information about the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and the precautions needed to avoid aids infection. it summarizes current knowledge on the epidemiology, transmission, diagnosis, symptoms, and prevention of aids. transmission of human lymphotropic virus type iii/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (htlv-iii/lav) occurs through sexual contact wi ... | 1986 | 12268332 |
| aids: the frightening facts. | aquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) has succeeded in creating an unprecedented wave of panic among the western public and some sections of the medical profession. research clearly shows that the aids virus is transmissible in a number of ways: from man to woman and vice versa during sexual intercourse, through semen and possibly vaginal fluids; from mothers to their children through breast milk; through exchange of saliva (but not through just a casual kiss); and through blood and blood ... | 1986 | 12314086 |
| aids lays waste to uganda. | in uganda, people are dying every day of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), known as "slim." in the rakai district, as may as 2500 people may have died of slim in the past 4 years, around 1% of rakai population. there is no chance that people with slim in rakai are suffering from malnourishment, and the disease's link with aids was established last year when blood tests from patients gave a positive reaction to the htlv3 test for aids. rakai's trade links with neighboring countries a ... | 1986 | 12340745 |
| prevalence of human t-lymphotropic virus type 1 among blood donors from mashhad, iran. | the city of mashhad is the capital of khorasan, the northeastern province of iran, which has been recognized as an area where human t-lymphotropic virus type 1 (htlv-1) infection is endemic. all serum samples from blood donors are routinely screened for htlv-1 by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). in the present study, 28,926 donors (81.86% male and 18.14% female) with a mean age of 32 years (range, 18 to 65 years) were screened in a 6 months period (july to december 1999). of thes ... | 2003 | 12791885 |
| discovery of a new human t-cell lymphotropic virus (htlv-3) in central africa. | human t-cell leukemia virus type 1 (htlv-1) and type 2 (htlv-2) are pathogenic retroviruses that infect humans and cause severe hematological and neurological diseases. both viruses have simian counterparts (stlv-1 and stlv-2). stlv-3 belongs to a third group of lymphotropic viruses which infect numerous african monkeys species. among 240 cameroonian plasma tested for the presence of htlv-1 and/or htlv-2 antibodies, 48 scored positive by immunofluorescence. among those, 27 had indeterminate west ... | 2005 | 15882466 |
| the tax protein from the primate t-cell lymphotropic virus type 3 is expressed in vivo and is functionally related to htlv-1 tax rather than htlv-2 tax. | human t-cell leukemia virus and simian t-cell leukemia virus (stlv) form the primate t-cell lymphotropic viruses group. human t-cell leukemia virus type 1 and type 2 (htlv-1 and htlv-2) encode the tax viral transactivator (tax1 and tax2, respectively). tax1 possesses an oncogenic potential and is responsible for cell transformation both in vivo and in vitro. we and others have recently discovered the existence of human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 3. however, there is currently no evidence for ... | 2006 | 16532031 |
| [new human retroviruses: htlv-3 and htlv-4]. | human t cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1 and 2 (htlv-1 and htlv-2), together with their simian counterparts (stlv-1, stlv-2 and stlv-3), belong to the primate t lymphotropic viruses group (ptlv). htlv-1 infects 15 to 20 million people worldwide, while stlv-1 is endemic in a number of simian species living in the old world. due to the high percentage of homologies between htlv-1 and stlv-1 strains, it has now been widely accepted that most htlv-1 subtypes arose from interspecies transmission b ... | 2005 | 16555510 |
| intrahost variations in the envelope receptor-binding domain (rbd) of htlv-1 and stlv-1 primary isolates. | four primate (ptlv), human (htlv) and simian (stlv) t-cell leukemia virus types, have been characterized thus far, with evidence of a simian zoonotic origin for htlv-1, htlv-2 and htlv-3 in africa. the ptlv envelope glycoprotein surface component (sugp46) comprises a receptor-binding domain (rbd) that alternates hypervariable and highly conserved sequences. to further delineate highly conserved motifs in ptlv rbds, we investigated the intrahost variability of htlv-1 and stlv-1 by generating and ... | 2006 | 16725042 |
| ancient origin and molecular features of the novel human t-lymphotropic virus type 3 revealed by complete genome analysis. | human t-lymphotropic virus type 3 (htlv-3) is a new virus recently identified in two primate hunters in central africa. limited sequence analysis shows that htlv-3 is distinct from htlv-1 and htlv-2 but is genetically similar to simian t-lymphotropic virus type 3 (stlv-3). we report here the first complete htlv-3 sequence obtained by pcr-based genome walking using uncultured peripheral blood lymphocytes from an htlv-3-infected person. the htlv-3(2026nd) genome is 8,917 bp long and is genetically ... | 2006 | 16840323 |
| serologic testing for human t-lymphotropic virus-3 and -4. | | 2006 | 16965596 |
| human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 3: complete nucleotide sequence and characterization of the human tax3 protein. | we and others have recently uncovered the existence of human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 3 (htlv-3), the third member of the htlv family. we have now sequenced the full-length htlv-3pyl43 provirus. as expected, htlv-3pyl43 contains open reading frames corresponding to the gag, pol, env, tax, and rex genes. interestingly, its long terminal repeat (ltr) includes only two tax-responsive elements, as is the case for type 3 simian t-cell lymphotropic viruses (stlv-3). phylogenetic analyses reveal ... | 2006 | 16973592 |
| construction and characterization of a full-length infectious simian t-cell lymphotropic virus type 3 molecular clone. | together with their simian t-cell lymphotropic virus (stlv) equivalent, human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (htlv-1), htlv-2, and htlv-3 form the primate t-cell lymphotropic virus (ptlv) group. over the years, understanding the biology and pathogenesis of htlv-1 and htlv-2 has been widely improved by the creation of molecular clones. in contrast, so far, ptlv-3 experimental studies have been restricted to the overexpression of the tax gene using reporter assays. we have therefore decided to c ... | 2007 | 17428869 |
| construction and characterization of a human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 3 infectious molecular clone. | we and others have uncovered the existence of human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 3 (htlv-3). we have now generated an htlv-3 proviral clone. we established that gag, env, pol, pro, and tax/rex as well as minus-strand mrnas are present in cells transfected with the htlv-3 clone. htlv-3 p24(gag) protein is detected in the cell culture supernatant. transfection of 293t-long terminal repeat (ltr)-green fluorescent protein (gfp) cells with the htlv-3 clone promotes formation of syncytia, a hallmark ... | 2008 | 18417569 |
| the human htlv-3 and htlv-4 retroviruses: new members of the htlv family. | human t cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1 and 2 (htlv-1 and htlv-2), together with their simian counterparts (stlv-1, stlv-2), belong to the primate t lymphotropic viruses group (ptlv). htlv-1 infects 15 to 20million people worldwide, while stlv-1 is endemic in a number of simian or ape species living in africa or asia. the high percentage of homologies between htlv-1 and stlv-1 strains, led to the demonstration that most htlv-1 subtypes arose from interspecies transmission between monkeys and ... | 2009 | 18456423 |
| new strain of human t lymphotropic virus (htlv) type 3 in a pygmy from cameroon with peculiar htlv serologic results. | a search for human t lymphotropic virus (htlv) types 1 and 2 and related viruses was performed by serological and molecular means on samples obtained from 421 adult villagers from the southern cameroon forest areas. one individual (a 56-year-old baka pygmy hunter) was found to be htlv-3 infected; however, there was a low proviral load in blood cells. complete sequence analysis of this virus (htlv-3lobak18) indicated a close relationship to human htlv-3pyl43 and simian stlv-3cto604 strains. plasm ... | 2009 | 19099485 |
| short communication: absence of evidence of htlv-3 and htlv-4 in patients with large granular lymphocyte (lgl) leukemia. | clonal disorders of large granular lymphocytes (lgl) result in leukemia due to the expansion of a discrete subset of either cd3(+) t cells or natural killer (nk) cells. it has been hypothesized that a viral antigen acts as the initial stimulus causing the expansion of these cells. the possible involvement of human t cell lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2 (htlv-1 and htlv-2) in this disease has been studied but no conclusive evidence has linked either virus with lgl leukemia. in this study, we exa ... | 2008 | 19102684 |
| ancient, independent evolution and distinct molecular features of the novel human t-lymphotropic virus type 4. | human t-lymphotropic virus type 4 (htlv-4) is a new deltaretrovirus recently identified in a primate hunter in cameroon. limited sequence analysis previously showed that htlv-4 may be distinct from htlv-1, htlv-2, and htlv-3, and their simian counterparts, stlv-1, stlv-2, and stlv-3, respectively. analysis of full-length genomes can provide basic information on the evolutionary history and replication and pathogenic potential of new viruses. | 2009 | 19187529 |
| one-step, multiplex, real-time pcr assay with molecular beacon probes for simultaneous detection, differentiation, and quantification of human t-cell leukemia virus types 1, 2, and 3. | a single-tube, multiplex, real-time pcr assay with molecular beacons was established in which various probes were used for the simultaneous detection, differentiation, and quantification of human t-cell leukemia virus types 1, 2, and 3 (htlv-1, htlv-2, and htlv-3, respectively) and of simian t-cell leukemia virus types 1 and 3 (stlv-1 and stlv-3, respectively). the quantitative amplification of the standards with mt4 (htlv-1) and c19 (htlv-2) cell lines and a molecular clone of htlv-3 was linear ... | 2009 | 19213697 |
| the receptor complex associated with human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 3 (htlv-3) env-mediated binding and entry is distinct from, but overlaps with, the receptor complexes of htlv-1 and htlv-2. | little is known about the transmission or tropism of the newly discovered human retrovirus, human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 3 (htlv-3). here, we examine the entry requirements of htlv-3 using independently expressed env proteins. we observed that htlv-3 surface glycoprotein (su) binds efficiently to both activated cd4(+) and cd8(+) t cells. this contrasts with both htlv-1 su, which primarily binds to activated cd4(+) t cells, and htlv-2 su, which primarily binds to activated cd8(+) t cells. ... | 2009 | 19279090 |
| development and validation of a multiplex real-time pcr assay for simultaneous genotyping and human t-lymphotropic virus type 1, 2, and 3 proviral load determination. | the human t-lymphotropic virus (htlv) proviral load remains the best surrogate marker for disease progression. real-time pcr techniques have been developed for detection and quantification of cosmopolitan htlv type 1a (htlv-1a) and htlv-2. since a growing level of diversity in subtypes and genotypes is observed, we developed a multiplex quantitative pcr for simultaneous detection, genotyping, and quantification of proviral loads of htlv-1, 2, and 3. our assay uses tax type-specific primers and d ... | 2009 | 19741085 |
| identification of a novel motif responsible for the distinctive transforming activity of human t-cell leukemia virus (htlv) type 1 tax1 protein from htlv-2 tax2. | human t-cell leukemia virus type 1 (htlv-1) is a causative agent of adult t-cell leukemia (atl), whereas its relative htlv-2 is not associated with any malignancies including atl. htlv-1 tax1 transformed a t-cell line from interleukin (il)-2-dependent growth to il-2-independent growth, with an activity that was much more potent in comparison to htlv-2 tax2. this distinction was mediated by at least two tax1 specific functions, an interaction with host cellular factors through the pdz domain bind ... | 2009 | 19761585 |
| genetic characterization of the complete genome of a highly divergent simian t-lymphotropic virus (stlv) type 3 from a wild cercopithecus mona monkey. | the recent discoveries of novel human t-lymphotropic virus type 3 (htlv-3) and highly divergent simian t-lymphotropic virus type 3 (stlv-3) subtype d viruses from two different monkey species in southern cameroon suggest that the diversity and cross-species transmission of these retroviruses are much greater than currently appreciated. | 2009 | 19860877 |
| discovery and significance of new human t-lymphotropic viruses: htlv-3 and htlv-4. | human t-lymphotropic virus type 1 (htlv-1) and type 2 (htlv-2) were discovered approximately 30 years ago and they are associated with various lymphoproliferative and neurological diseases. the estimated number of infected people is 10-20 million worldwide. in 2005, two new htlv-1/htlv-2-related viruses were detected, htlv-3 and htlv-4, from the same geographical area of africa. in the last 4 years, their complete genomic sequences were determined and some of their characteristic features were s ... | 2009 | 19968515 |
| lgl leukemia and htlv. | samples were obtained from 53 large granular lymphocytic leukemia (lgll) patients and 10,000 volunteer blood donors (vbd). sera were screened in an htlv-1 enzyme immunoassay (eia) and further analyzed in peptide-specific western blots (wb). dnas were analyzed by htlv-1, -2, -3, and -4-specific pcr. forty four percent of lgll patients vs. 0.12 % of vbd had anti-htlv antibodies via eia (p < 0.001). wb and pcr revealed that four lgll patients (7.5%) vs. one vbd patient (0.01%) were infected with ht ... | 2010 | 20047475 |
| [new human retrovirus.]. | | 2010 | 20303544 |
| emergence of a novel and highly divergent htlv-3 in a primate hunter in cameroon. | the recent discovery of human t-lymphotropic virus type 3 (htlv-3) in cameroon highlights the importance of expanded surveillance to better understand the prevalence and public health impact of this new retrovirus. htlv diversity was investigated in 408 persons in rural cameroon who reported simian exposures. plasma from 29 persons (7.2%) had reactive serology. htlv tax sequences were detected in 3 persons. phylogenetic analysis confirmed htlv-1 infection in two individuals and htlv-3 infection ... | 2010 | 20353873 |
| direct detection of diverse metabolic changes in virally transformed and tax-expressing cells by mass spectrometry. | viral transformation of a cell starts at the genetic level, followed by changes in the proteome and the metabolome of the host. there is limited information on the broad metabolic changes in htlv transformed cells. | 2010 | 20830293 |
| short communication: no evidence of htlv-3 and htlv-4 infection in new york state subjects at risk for retroviral infection. | the primate t-cell lymphoma viruses (ptlv) are divided into six distinct species. the biology and epidemiology of ptlv-1 and ptlv-2 are very well understood. however, that of ptlv-3, 4, 5, and 6 are not. recently, in cameroon, three and one humans were shown to be infected with htlv-3 and htlv-4, respectively. we undertook a study to ascertain whether any of these two retroviruses were present in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell dna of new york state subjects deemed at risk for ptlv infecti ... | 2010 | 20929392 |
| multiple retroviral infection by htlv type 1, 2, 3 and simian foamy virus in a family of pygmies from cameroon. | to better understand the origins and modes of transmission of htlv-3 and to search for other retroviral infections (htlv-1, htlv-2, foamy viruses), we studied the family of a htlv-3-infected individual (pyl43), from cameroon. thirty-five persons were included. all adult men were still actively hunting nonhuman primates (nhp). all women were also butchering and cutting-up animals. five persons reported a bite by an nhp. while htlv-3 infection was only found in pyl43, htlv-1 and htlv-2 infections ... | 2010 | 21087785 |
| human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 3 (htlv-3)- and htlv-4-derived antisense transcripts encode proteins with similar tax-inhibiting functions but distinct subcellular localization. | the human t-cell lymphotropic virus (htlv) retrovirus family is composed of the well-known htlv type 1 (htlv-1) and htlv-2 and the most recently discovered htlv-3 and htlv-4. like other retroviruses, htlv-1 and htlv-2 gene expression has been thought to be orchestrated through a single transcript. however, recent reports have demonstrated the unique potential of both htlv-1 and htlv-2 to produce an antisense transcript. furthermore, these unexpected and newly identified transcripts lead to the s ... | 2011 | 21917984 |
| vaccinia and other viruses with available vaccines show marked homology with the hiv-1 envelope glycoprotein: the prospect of using existing vaccines to stem the aids pandemic. | cross-reactive immunity occurs when infection with or vaccination against one virus protects against another related family member. a search for homologues of the hiv-1 envelope glycoprotein revealed that it is composed of thousands of intercalating and overlapping viral matches of pentapeptide or longer gapped consensi, belonging to over 70% of the currently sequenced virome, infecting all kingdoms from bacteria to man. it was also highly homologous to proteins from the visna/maedi and other ov ... | 2011 | 21851326 |
| making sense out of antisense transcription in human t-cell lymphotropic viruses (htlvs). | retroviral gene expression generally depends on a full-length transcript that initiates in the 5' long terminal repeat (ltr), which is either unspliced or alternatively spliced. we and others have demonstrated the existence of an antisense transcript initiating in the 3' ltr of the human t-cell leukemia virus type 1 (htlv-1) that is involved in the production of hbz (htlv-1 basic leucine zipper (bzip) factor). hbz is a fos-like factor capable of inhibiting tax-mediated activation of the htlv-1 l ... | 2011 | 21994742 |
| HTLV-3/STLV-3 and HTLV-4 viruses: discovery, epidemiology, serology and molecular aspects. | Human T cell leukemia/lymphoma virus Type 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2), together with their simian counterparts (STLV-1, STLV-2), belong to the Primate T lymphotropic viruses group (PTLV). The high percentage of homologies between HTLV-1 and STLV-1 strains, led to the demonstration that most HTLV-1 subtypes arose from interspecies transmission between monkeys and humans. STLV-3 viruses belong to the third PTLV type and are equally divergent from both HTLV-1 and HTLV-2. They are endemic in several ... | 2011 | 21994771 |
| human t lymphotropic virus type 1 (htlv-1): molecular biology and oncogenesis. | human t lymphotropic viruses (htlvs) are complex deltaretroviruses that do not contain a proto-oncogene in their genome, yet are capable of transforming primary t lymphocytes both in vitro and in vivo. there are four known strains of htlv including htlv type 1 (htlv-1), htlv-2, htlv-3 and htlv-4. htlv-1 is primarily associated with adult t cell leukemia (atl) and htlv-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (ham/tsp). htlv-2 is rarely pathogenic and is sporadically associated with n ... | 2010 | 21994719 |
| identification of rare hiv-1 group n, hbv ae, and htlv-3 strains in rural south cameroon. | surveillance of emerging viral variants is critical to ensuring that blood screening and diagnostic tests detect all infections regardless of strain or geographic location. in this study, we conducted serological and molecular surveillance to monitor the prevalence and diversity of hiv, hbv, and htlv in south cameroon. the prevalence of hiv was 8.53%, hbv was 10.45%, and htlv was 1.04% amongst study participants. molecular characterization of 555 hiv-1 specimens identified incredible diversity, ... | 2017 | 28193549 |
| human t-cell leukemia virus type 3 (htlv-3) and htlv-4 antisense-transcript-encoded proteins interact and transactivate jun family-dependent transcription via their atypical bzip motif. | human t-cell leukemia virus types 3 and 4 (htlv-3 and htlv-4) are recently isolated retroviruses. we have previously characterized htlv-3- and htlv-4-encoded antisense genes, termed aph-3 and aph-4, respectively, which, in contrast to hbz, the htlv-1 homologue, do not contain a typical bzip domain (m. larocque é halin, s. landry, s. j. marriott, w. m. switzer, and b. barbeau, j. virol. 85:12673-12685, 2011, doi:10.1128/jvi.05296-11). as hbz differentially modulates the transactivation potential ... | 2014 | 24872589 |
| discovery and characterization of auxiliary proteins encoded by type 3 simian t-cell lymphotropic viruses. | human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (htlv-1) and htlv-2 encode auxiliary proteins that play important roles in viral replication, viral latency, and immune escape. the presence of auxiliary protein-encoding open reading frames (orfs) in htlv-3, the latest htlv to be discovered, is unknown. simian t-cell lymphotropic virus type 3 (stlv-3) is almost identical to htlv-3. given the lack of htlv-3-infected cell lines, we took advantage of stlv-3-infected cells and of an stlv-3 molecular clone to s ... | 2015 | 25355890 |
| htlv tax: a fascinating multifunctional co-regulator of viral and cellular pathways. | human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (htlv-1) has been identified as the causative agent of adult t-cell leukemia (atl) and htlv-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (ham/tsp). the virus infects between 15 and 20 million people worldwide of which approximately 2-5% develop atl. the past 35 years of research have yielded significant insight into the pathogenesis of htlv-1, including the molecular characterization of tax, the viral transactivator, and oncoprotein. in spite of the ... | 2012 | 23226145 |
| the transcription profile of tax-3 is more similar to tax-1 than tax-2: insights into htlv-3 potential leukemogenic properties. | human t-cell lymphotropic viruses type 1 (htlv-1) is the etiological agent of adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma. although associated with lymphocytosis, htlv-2 infection is not associated with any malignant hematological disease. similarly, no infection-related symptom has been detected in htlv-3-infected individuals studied so far. differences in individual tax transcriptional activity might account for these distinct physiopathological outcomes. tax-1 and tax-3 possess a pdz binding motif in thei ... | 2012 | 22911729 |