| physical map of the cryptophlebia leucotreta granulosis virus genome and its relationship to the genome of cydia pomonella granulosis virus. | a physical map of the genome of cryptophlebia leucotreta granulosis virus (cigv) was constructed for the restriction enzymes bamhi, ecori, kpni, ndei, nrui, saci and xhoi using hybridization techniques. the size of the viral genome was determined to be 112.4 kbp. a restriction fragment library covering almost the entire genome of cigv was constructed, and the position of the granulin gene was identified by cross-hybridization with granulin coding fragments of cydia pomonella granulosis virus (cp ... | 1992 | 1629693 |
| tcl4.7: a novel lepidopteran transposon found in cydia pomonella granulosis virus. | after the co-infection of larvae of the lepidopteran cryptophlebia leucotreta with the two baculoviruses c. leucotreta granulosis virus and cydia pomonella granulosis virus (cigv and cpgv, respectively), three cpgv mutants and one cigv mutant carrying insertions of 0.9 to 4.7 kb have been isolated. by cloning, sequencing, and hybridization analysis, one of these insertions was identified as a transposon-like element derived from the c. leucotreta genome. this element, called tcl4.7, was found in ... | 1995 | 7886941 |
| the granulin gene region of cryptophlebia leucotreta granulosis virus: sequence analysis and phylogenetic considerations. | the nucleotide sequence of a 2.2 kb genome region of the baculovirus cryptophlebia leucotreta granulosis virus (cigv) encompassing the granulin gene and a second open reading frame, designated orf909, was determined. the putative granulin orf comprises 744 nucleotides encoding a polypeptide with a predicted m(r) of 29.3 k. the 5' leader of the granulin gene contains a canonical late baculovirus promoter (ataag) and differs only in two nucleotide positions from the sequence of cydia pomonella gra ... | 1994 | 7996162 |
| an apoptosis-inhibiting gene from a nuclear polyhedrosis virus encoding a polypeptide with cys/his sequence motifs. | two different baculovirus genes are known to be able to block apoptosis triggered upon infection of spodoptera frugiperda cells with p35 mutants of the insect baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv):p35 (p35-encoding gene) of acmnpv (r. j. clem, m. fechheimer, and l. k. miller, science 254:1388-1390, 1991) and iap (inhibitor of apoptosis gene) of cydia pomonella granulosis virus (cpgv) (n. e. crook, r. j. clem, and l. k. miller, j. virol. 67:2168-2174, 1993). using ... | 1994 | 8139034 |
| replication of cydia pomonella granulosis virus in cell cultures. | several primary cell lines that support the complete replication of cydia pomonella granulosis virus have been established from one culture of c. pomonella embryonic cells. virus passaged three times in cells and once in larvae showed no change in restriction enzyme fragment patterns. stages in virus replication observed by electron microscopy resembled those from in vivo studies. cell lines that were maintained at or below 21 degrees c retained susceptibility to virus over a period of 4 years w ... | 1993 | 8345351 |
| an apoptosis-inhibiting baculovirus gene with a zinc finger-like motif. | spodoptera frugiperda sf-21 cells infected with autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus mutants which lack a functional p35 gene undergo apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death. to identify p35-homologous genes in other baculoviruses, a. californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus dna containing a deletion in p35 was cotransfected into sf-21 cells along with genomic dnas from other baculoviruses. one of the viral dnas which were able to rescue wild-type infection was from cydia pomonella ... | 1993 | 8445726 |
| characterization of a highly conserved baculovirus structural protein that is specific for occlusion-derived virions. | a highly conserved baculovirus late gene called odvp-6e was shown to be a structural protein that is specific for occlusion-derived virus (odv) envelopes. the complete sequence of this gene is presented for both orgyia pseudotsugata nuclear polyhedrosis virus (opmnpv) and cydia pomonella granulosis virus (cpgv). the predicted sizes of the opmnpv and cpgv odvp-6e are 40, 241, and 38,655 respectively. the opmnpv odvp-6e gene was transcriptionally mapped and was shown to initiate from a consensus l ... | 1996 | 8615018 |
| comprehensive physical map of the cydia pomonella granulovirus genome and sequence analysis of the granulin gene region. | a cloned strain of cydia pomonella granulovirus, cpgv-m1, was obtained using successive rounds of an in vivo limiting dilution method. a detailed physical map of the genome was constructed using 11 restriction enzymes. the region containing the granulin gene and an open reading frame immediately upstream of the granulin gene was sequenced. this region showed a high degree of homology to the equivalent region from cryptophlebia leucotreta granulovirus with 98% amino acid identity for the granulin ... | 1997 | 9129672 |
| complete sequence and transposon mutagenesis of the bamhi j fragment of cydia pomonella granulosis virus. | the bamhi j fragment of cydia pomonella granulosis virus was subcloned and subjected to transposon mutagenesis in escherichia coli using a tn3 derivative. after screening by restriction endonuclease digestion and polymerase chain reaction (pcr), 44 clones were selected representing insertions every 100 to 300 bp. the complete sequence was compiled and the transposon insertion sites mapped precisely by sequencing. analysis of the sequence revealed the presence of 7 potential open reading frames ( ... | 1997 | 9237352 |
| identification and sequence analysis of the integration site of transposon tcp3.2 in the genome of cydia pomonella granulovirus. | recently, we described the isolation and characterisation of the novel lepidopteran transposon tcp3.2, which was found to be inserted into the genome of a spontaneous mutant of the baculovirus cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv). transposon tcp3.2, which is a member of the tcl/mariner superfamily, is an apparently defective copy which became stably integrated into the viral genome (jehle et al., 1997. j. mol. evol., in press). in this study, we located, cloned and sequenced a genomic region of 2 ... | 1997 | 9282780 |
| horizontal escape of the novel tc1-like lepidopteran transposon tcp3.2 into cydia pomonella granulovirus. | we characterized an insertion mutant of the baculovirus cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv), which contained a transposable element of 3.2 kb. this transposon, termed tcp3.2, has unusually long inverted terminal repeats (itrs) of 756 bp and encodes a defective gene for a putative transposase. amino acid sequence comparison of the defective transposase gene revealed a distant relationship to a putative transposon in caenorhabditis elegans which also shares some similarity of the itrs. maximum par ... | 1998 | 9452523 |
| identification and characterization of the cydia pomonella granulovirus cathepsin and chitinase genes. | a 3.2 kb bamhi-ecori fragment of the cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv) genome was subcloned and characterized. sequence analysis revealed two complete and one partial open reading frames (orfs). orf7l is predicted to encode a 66.7 kda protein (594 amino acid residues) that is 57% identical (amino acid sequence) to the chia gene (orf126) of autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv), encoding a chitinase. orf8r is 333 amino acids in length and shows high similarity (between 64% and 67 ... | 1998 | 9747739 |
| choristoneura fumiferana granulovirus: sequence analysis and 5' characterization of orf891. | a gene located immediately upstream of the granulin gene of choristoneura fumiferana (chfugv) granulovirus was identified, sequenced and named orf891. the determined, putative open reading frame (orf) of 891 bp encodes an estimated 34.6 kda protein. the 5' end transcript of the gene was mapped and analysed. a putative promoter region organization of chfugv orf891 contains a consensus late baculovirus promoter element, taag, and two putative early tata boxes similar to the promoters of orf909 of ... | 1999 | 10365164 |
| molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the harrisina brillians granulovirus granulin gene. | well over 100 isolates of granulosis viruses (gvs), genus granulovirus (family baculoviridae), have been reported, all from lepidopterous insects. three types of gvs are recognized, those of type 1, which attack the fat body, type 2, which attack most tissues, and type 3, which attack only the midgut epithelium. to determine whether a correlation exists between tissue tropism and lepidopteran family phylogeny, the granulin gene of the harrisina brillians (hbgv), a virus that attacks the midgut e ... | 2000 | 11043952 |
| phylogenetic analysis of conserved genes within the ecdysteroid udp-glucosyltransferase gene region of the slow-killing adoxophyes orana granulovirus. | a physical map of the genome of adoxophyes orana granulovirus (aogv) was constructed for the restriction enzymes bamhi, bglii, ecori, psti and saci using restriction endonuclease analysis and dna hybridization techniques. this enabled the size of the aogv genome to be estimated at 100.9 kbp. a plasmid library covering 99.9% of the aogv genome was constructed using five restriction enzymes. the ecdysteroid udp-glucosyltransferase gene (egt) was located by hybridization with the egt gene of cydia ... | 2001 | 11514742 |
| the complete sequence of the cydia pomonella granulovirus genome. | the nucleotide sequence of the dna genome of cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv) was determined and analysed. the genome is composed of 123500 bp and has a g+c content of 45.2%. it contains 143 orfs of 150 nucleotides or more that show minimal overlap. one-hundred-and-eighteen (82.5%) of these putative genes are homologous to genes previously identified in other baculoviruses. among them, 73 are homologous to genes of autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv), whereas 108 and 98 are h ... | 2001 | 11562546 |
| homologous recombination between the inverted terminal repeats of defective transposon tcp3.2 causes an inversion in the genome of cydia pomonella granulovirus. | in this study, a new mutant of the cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv), which shows spontaneous inversion of a transposable element during in vivo replication, is described. cpgv-mcp4 is a natural mutant of cpgv-m, containing the transposable element tcp3.2, which originated from the genome of the host c. pomonella. during in vivo cloning studies of cpgv-mcp4, a mutant called cpgv-mcp4inv was isolated. cpgv-mcp4inv shows heterogeneity in the genome area of transposon insertion. restriction mappi ... | 2002 | 12075075 |
| expression of the cydia pomonella granulovirus iap3 gene. | the iap3 protein of cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv) was the first identified member of the baculovirus iap family of proteins, which have been shown to block apoptosis in diverse systems. however, little is known of the expression and subcellular localisation of cpgv iap3 during a viral infection. this study examined iap3 in cells infected by cpgv and in cells infected by an autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) recombinant that carried the cpgv iap3 gene. the levels of iap3 s ... | 2002 | 12111431 |
| comparative activity of baculoviruses against the codling moth cydia pomonella and three other tortricid pests of tree fruit. | the granulovirus of cydia pomonella (l.) (cpgv) offers potential for selective control of codling moth. two major limitations of cpgv are its narrow host range and lack of persistence in the orchard agroecosystem. the nucleopolyhedroviruses of the alfalfa looper autographa californica (speyer) (acmnpv) and those of the celery looper anagrapha falcifera (kirby) (afmnpv) have broad host ranges. comparative assays of cpgv, acmnpv, and afmnpv against codling moth neonate larvae revealed a 54-93-fold ... | 2002 | 12234544 |
| identification and characterization of a putative baculoviral transcriptional factor ie-1 from choristoneura fumiferana granulovirus. | a gene that encodes a protein homologue to baculoviral ie-1 was identified and sequenced in the genome of the choristoneura fumiferana granulovirus (chfugv). the gene has an 1278 nucleotide (nt) open-reading frame (orf) that encodes 426 amino acids with an estimated molecular weight of 50.33 kda. at the nucleotide level, several cis-acting regulatory elements were detected within the promoter region of the ie-1 gene of chfugv along with other studied granuloviruses (gvs). two putative ccaat elem ... | 2002 | 12470588 |
| identification and characterization of a conserved baculoviral structural protein odvp-6e/odv-e56 from choristoneura fumiferana granulovirus. | a gene that encodes a homologue to baculoviral odvp-6e/odv-e56, a baculoviral envelope-associated viral structural protein, has been identified and sequenced on the genome of choristoneura fumiferana granulovirus (chfugv). the chfugv odvp-6e/odv-e56 gene was located on an 11-kb bamhi subgenomic fragment using different sets of degenerated primers, which were designed using the results of the protein sequencing of a major 39 kda structural protein that is associated with the occlusion-derived vir ... | 2002 | 12470594 |
| functional interaction between cydia pomonella granulovirus iap proteins. | cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv) encodes for three inhibitor of apoptosis (iap) proteins. one of them, cpiap3, was previously identified based on its capacity to substitute for the p35 gene in blocking autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv)-induced apoptosis in sf21 cells. in this paper, the function of the other two cpgv iap proteins, cp94 and cpiap5, was studied. neither cp94 nor cpiap5, independently or together, can block actinomycin d-induced apoptosis in transient expressi ... | 2003 | 12606082 |
| evolution of inhibitors of apoptosis in baculoviruses and their insect hosts. | the phylogenetic relationships of inhibitor of apoptosis (iap) from insects and insect viruses were reconstructed and compared with the phylogeny of the viruses reconstructed on the basis of dna polymerase species. the phylogeny supported the hypothesis that there were three iap genes in the ancestor of the viral genus nucleopolyhedrovirus (family baculoviridae), but that there has been differential deletion of iap genes in different lineages within this genus. an iap gene from the granulovirus ... | 2002 | 12797996 |
| intra-specific and inter-specific recombination of tortricid-specific granuloviruses during co-infection in insect larvae. | intra-specific recombination between two genotypes of the cryptophlebia leucotreta granulovirus (crlegv), namely cv3 and cv4, was studied by mixed infection experiments of larvae of c. leucotreta, followed by in vivo cloning and dna restriction enzyme analyses of isolated progeny viruses. as a prerequisite for these studies a comparative restriction map for of cv3 and cv4 was constructed for eight restriction enzymes. the mixed infection experiments resulted in the isolation of the recombinant c ... | 2003 | 12827463 |
| an immunochemical method for quantitation of epinotia aporema granulovirus (epapgv). | epinotia aporema granulovirus (epapgv) is a baculovirus that affects e. aporema larvae and has proven to be a good candidate for the biocontrol of this important pest in south america. as part of the quality control of the production of a bioinsecticide based on epapgv, a sensitive method was developed for the detection and quantitation of the virus. to this end, we used the major occlusion body (ob) protein (granulin) to generate polyclonal antibodies in rabbits. purified igg fractions from hyp ... | 2003 | 12951208 |
| choristoneura fumiferana granulovirus p74 protein, a highly conserved baculoviral envelope protein. | a gene that encodes a homologue to baculoviral p74, an envelope-associated viral structural protein, has been identified and sequenced on the genome of choristoneura fumiferana granulovirus (chfugv). a part of the chfugv p74 gene was located on an 8.9 kb bamhi subgenomic fragment using different sets of degenerated primers. these were designed using the results of the protein sequencing of a major 74 kda structural protein that is associated with the occlusion-derived virus (odv). the gene has a ... | 2003 | 14536031 |
| polymerase chain reaction assay for cydia pomonella granulovirus detection in cydia pomonella population. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was successfully used to identify cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv) in larvae of cydia pomonella l. (codling moth). pcr with the primers cpgv-2a/cpgv-2b and cpgv-3a/cpgv-3b was found suitable for detection of cpgv. the primers cp-i/cp-ii and cp-iii/cp-iv were able to identify the transposable element tcp3.2 in c. pomonella larvae. the presence of cpgv in the larvae from orchards,which had been infected with cpgv was tested during 2 years post infection ... | 2003 | 14658843 |
| the genome of the cryptophlebia leucotreta granulovirus. | the genome of the cryptophlebia leucotreta granulovirus (crlegv) was sequenced and analyzed. the double-stranded circular genome contains 110907 bp and potentially encodes 129 predicted open reading frames (orfs), 124 of which were similar to other baculovirus orfs. five orfs were crlegv specific and 26 orfs were common to other granulovirus genomes. one orf showed a significant similarity to a nonstructural protein of bombyx mori densovirus-2. a baculovirus chitinase gene was identified, which ... | 2003 | 14698662 |
| identification, characterization and phylogenic analysis of conserved genes within the odvp-6e/odv-e56 gene region of choristoneura fumiferana granulovirus. | the genes that are located within the odvp-6e/odv-e56 region of the choristoneura fumiferana granulovirus (chfugv) were identified by sequencing the 11 kb bamhi restriction fragment on the chfugv genome. the global gc content that was calculated from the data obtained from this genomic region was 34.96%. the open-reading frames (orfs), located within the odvp-6e/odv-e56 region, are presented and compared to the equivalent orfs that are located at the same region in other gvs. this region is comp ... | 2004 | 15469697 |
| identification, characterization and phylogenic analysis of conserved genes within the p74 gene region of choristoneura fumiferana granulovirus genome. | the genes located within the p74 gene region of the choristoneura fumiferana granulovirus (chfugv) were identified by sequencing an 8.9 kb bamhi restriction fragment on the chfugv genome. the global guanine-cytosine (gc) content of this region of the genome was 33.02%. this paper presents the orfs within the p74 gene region along with their transcriptional orientations. this region contains a total of 15 open reading frames (orfs). among those, 8 orfs were found to be homologues to the baculovir ... | 2004 | 15607029 |
| virulence and competitiveness of cydia pomonella granulovirus mutants: parameters that do not match. | the ld50, median survival time (st50) and virus production are virulence parameters that are commonly used to describe the biological characteristics of viruses. in this study, these parameters were determined for cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv-m) and two naturally occurring mutants (cpgv-mcp4 and -mcp5) that carry tc1-like insect transposable elements. the three virus genotypes were similar in their ld50, st50 and virus production. however, the mutant genotypes mcp4 and mcp5 were very effec ... | 2005 | 16186226 |
| new method for testing solar sensitivity of commercial formulations of the granulovirus of codling moth (cydia pomonella, tortricidae: lepidoptera). | a method for screening codling moth granulovirus (cpgv) formulation sensitivity to sunlight using specially prepared half apples and a solar simulator is described. the half apple preparation allows an even coverage of virus over the surface of the fruit that would not be possible using whole apples. leaves and artificial medium were not usable for extended periods of exposure in the solar simulator due to excess drying. fruit was sprayed with 10(-3) and 10(-5) dilutions of three commercial form ... | 2005 | 16216263 |
| incidence and transmission of a granulovirus in a large codling moth [cydia pomonella l. (lepidoptera: tortricidae)] rearing facility. | incidences of potential per os cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv) transmission within a large codling moth colony were identified. cpgv was detected in the water which is used to wash egg sheets. when pre-neonates were extracted from eggs prior to emergence and tested for the presence of cpgv, 40% were found to carry amounts of cpgv detectable by a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay, suggesting possible transovarial transmission of the virus. although symptoms typical of virus infection and ... | 2005 | 16303132 |
| optimizing use of codling moth granulovirus: effects of application rate and spraying frequency on control of codling moth larvae in pacific northwest apple orchards. | new formulations of the codling moth, cydia pomonella (l.), granulovirus (cpgv) [family baculoviridae, genus granulovirus] are commercially available in north america. in field tests on apple (malus sp. 'delicious'), we compared different application strategies for cpgv (cyd-x, certis usa, clovis, ca) used in full-season programs against high pest populations. in replicated single tree plots, three rates (0.073, 0.219, and 0.438 liter ha(-1)) and application intervals (7, 10, and 14 d) killed 81 ... | 2005 | 16334311 |
| evaluation of spray-dried lignin-based formulations and adjuvants as solar protectants for the granulovirus of the codling moth, cydia pomonella (l). | commercial formulations of the codling moth, cydia pomonella l., granulovirus (cpgv) are limited by their short residual activity under orchard conditions in the pacific northwest. we evaluated spray-dried lignin-encapsulated formulations of cpgv for improved solar stability based on laboratory bioassays with a solar simulator and in field tests in an infested apple orchard. in laboratory tests, aqueous lignin formulations containing a high dosage of 3 x 10(10) occlusion bodies (ob)/l, with and ... | 2006 | 16774766 |
| field resistance of codling moth against cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv) is autosomal and incompletely dominant inherited. | the current appearance of local codling moth populations with resistance to cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv) is an impediment to continuous cpgv application. therefore, crossing experiments have been performed in order to gain information about the inheritance of resistance. evidence is presented that the observed field resistance is stably inherited even under non-selective conditions in the laboratory. offspring of reciprocal f(1) crosses between a susceptible ('s') and a resistant ('r') st ... | 2006 | 16908027 |
| identification and functional analysis of the origins of dna replication in the cydia pomonella granulovirus genome. | the entire genome of cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv) was systematically screened for origins of dna replication, using an infection-dependent dna replication assay in the granulovirus-permissive cydia pomonella cell line, cp14r. all seven cosmids in an overlapping library that covered the cpgv genome were found to replicate in the assay. a genomic library of 32 overlapping plasmids was subsequently screened. plasmids that replicated were in turn subcloned into 1-2 kbp overlapping fragments. ... | 2007 | 17412979 |
| functional characterization of chitinase from cydia pomonella granulovirus. | baculovirus chitinases (v-chias) play a crucial role in the terminal liquefaction of virus-infected larvae after death. although v-chias from nucleopolyhedroviruses (npvs) have been well characterized, little is known about v-chias from granuloviruses (gvs). we characterized the v-chia of cydia pomonella gv (cpgv) by constructing a recombinant bombyx mori npv (bmnpv) in which bmnpv v-chia was replaced by cpgv v-chia (103cpgv virus). cpgv v-chia encoded an approximately 70-kda chitinase with an e ... | 2007 | 17557135 |
| complete sequence and organization of antheraea pernyi nucleopolyhedrovirus, a dr-rich baculovirus. | the completion and reporting of baculovirus genomes is extremely important as it advances our understanding of gene function and evolution. due to the large number of viral genomes now sequenced it is very important that authors present significantly detailed analyses to advance the understanding of the viral genomes. however, there is no report of the antheraea pernyi nucleopolyhedrovirus (anpenpv) genome. | 2007 | 17650316 |
| rapid emergence of baculovirus resistance in codling moth due to dominant, sex-linked inheritance. | insect-specific baculoviruses are increasingly used as biological control agents of lepidopteran pests in agriculture and forestry, and they have been previously regarded as robust to resistance development by the insects. however, in more than a dozen cases of field resistance of the codling moth cydia pomonella to commercially applied c. pomonella granulovirus (cpgv) in german orchards, resistance ratios exceed 1000. the rapid emergence of resistance is facilitated by sex-linkage and concentra ... | 2007 | 17901332 |
| open reading frame 193r of chilo iridescent virus encodes a functional inhibitor of apoptosis (iap). | programmed cell death or apoptosis is a major defense mechanism in insects in response to viral infections. the genome of chilo iridescent virus (civ) has three orfs with homology to baculovirus inhibitor of apoptosis (iap) genes. the proteins encoded by the 157l, 193r, and 332l orfs contain 152, 208 and 234 amino acids, respectively. while all three proteins contain c-terminal ring domains, only the protein encoded by orf 193r contains a baculoviral iap repeat (bir) domain, indicative of a puta ... | 2008 | 18420249 |
| effect of temperature on long-term storage of codling moth granulovirus formulations. | codling moth, cydia pomonella (l.), is the major pest of apple (malus spp.) in the western united states and many other regions of the world. the codling moth granulovirus (cpgv) provides a selective and safe means of its control. we assessed the long-term stability and storage potential of two commercial formulations of cpgv, cyd-x, and virosoft. all assays were performed with individual c. pomonella neonate larvae in 2-ml vials on 1 ml of artificial larval diet that was surface inoculated with ... | 2008 | 18459390 |
| overcoming the resistance of codling moth against conventional cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv-m) by a new isolate cpgv-i12. | recently, codling moth (cm, cydia pomonella l.) populations with a significantly reduced susceptibility to c. pomonella granulovirus (cpgv) products have been observed in germany. a novel cpgv isolate, designated cpgv-i12, is able to overcome the cpgv resistance. cpgv-i12 originated from iran and showed superior efficacy in laboratory bioassays against a resistant cm strain (cpr), which has a 100-fold reduced susceptibility to commercially used isolate cpgv-m. determination of the median lethal ... | 2008 | 18479703 |
| a bacmid approach to the genetic manipulation of granuloviruses. | a cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv) bacmid has been constructed, which allows rapid and efficient production of recombinant baculoviruses in escherichia coli. an 8.6kbp bacterial dna cassette derived from the acmnpv bac-to-bac system was ligated into a unique paci restriction site within an intergenic region flanking the dna ligase gene of the cpgv genome. the cpgv bacmids produced in e. coli were transfected into a cpgv-permissive c. pomonella cell line and the transfected cells fed to larvae ... | 2008 | 18602169 |
| biochemical and biological variation of cydia pomonella (codling moth) granulosis virus. | cydia pomonella granulosis viruses (cpgv) from three different sources were compared biochemically and biologically. restriction enzyme profiles of a cpgv isolated in mexico and propagated for 9 years in a laboratory in darmstadt, germany (cpgv-md) were compared with those of the same isolate propagated for 9 years at a berkeley, california, laboratory (cpgv-mb). only one of six enzymatic digests revealed a difference in the dnas, which were subsequently calculated to be 99.94% homologous. no di ... | 1983 | 18644273 |
| cydia pomonella granulovirus genotypes overcome virus resistance in the codling moth and improve virus efficiency by selection against resistant hosts. | cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv) has been used for 15 years as a bioinsecticide in codling moth (cydia pomonella) control. in 2004, some insect populations with low susceptibility to the virus were detected for the first time in southeast france. rgv, a laboratory colony of codling moths resistant to the cpgv-m isolate used in the field, was established with collection of resistant insects in the field followed by an introgression of the resistant trait into a susceptible colony (sv). the res ... | 2009 | 19114533 |
| real-time pcr assay for detection of a new simulant for poxvirus biothreat agents. | research and financial efforts spent on biodefense technologies highlight the current concern for biothreat event preparedness. nonhazardous but relevant "simulant" microorganisms are typically used to simplify technological developments, testing, and staff training. the bacteriophage ms2, a small rna virus, is classically used as the reference simulant for biothreat viruses within the biodefense community. however, variola virus, considered a major threat, displays very different features (size ... | 2009 | 19168659 |
| diversity and evolution of the cydia pomonella granulovirus. | eight new field isolates of cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv) originating in iran and georgia and one english cpgv isolate were analysed for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps) and by partial genome amplification and sequencing. according to the observed rflps, most of the predominant genotypes of these isolates could be assigned to those present in previously found isolates originating from mexico (cpgv-m), england (cpgv-e) and russia (cpgv-r). we suggest that these isolates sho ... | 2009 | 19218212 |
| a laboratory evaluation to determine the compatibility of microbiological control agents with the pollinator bombus terrestris. | this study was undertaken to identify any potential adverse side effects of the use of seven microbiological control agents (mcas) on the bumblebee, bombus terrestris l., in the context of combined use in integrated pest management (ipm). aq10 (ampelomyces quisqualis), binab-t-vector (hypocrea parapilulifera + t. atroviride; 1/1), prestop-mix (gliocladium catenulatum j1446), serenade (bacillus subtilis qst713), trianum-p (trichoderma harzianum t22), botanigard (beauveria bassiana gha) and granup ... | 2009 | 19437453 |
| sex linkage of cpgv resistance in a heterogeneous field strain of the codling moth cydia pomonella (l.). | the occurrence of codling moth populations in european apple orchards that were not controlled by cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv) is the first reported case of field resistance against a baculovirus control agent. a monogenic dominant sex-linked mode of inheritance was previously demonstrated in single-pair crosses between a homogeneous resistant (cprr1) and a susceptible (cps) laboratory strain of codling moth. however, resistant field populations (cpr) are more heterogeneous in their level ... | 2010 | 19836395 |
| baculovirus resistance in codling moth (cydia pomonella l.) caused by early block of virus replication. | an up to 10,000-fold resistance against the biocontrol agent cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv) was observed in field populations of codling moth, c. pomonella, in europe. following different experimental approaches, a modified peritrophic membrane, a modified midgut receptor, or a change of the innate immune response could be excluded as possible resistance mechanisms. when cpgv replication was traced by quantitative pcr in different tissues of susceptible and resistant insects after oral and ... | 2010 | 21190707 |
| synergistic effects of cydia pomonella granulovirus gp37 on the infectivity of nucleopolyhedroviruses and the lethality of bacillus thuringiensis. | to initiate an efficient primary infection, it is important for baculovirus virions to penetrate through the peritrophic membrane (pm) of the host insect. it is frequently reported that enhancins of baculoviruses significantly enhance viral infection by degrading the various protein components of pms. however, not all baculoviruses encode enhancins. gp37s of baculoviruses share high amino acid identity with fusolins, synergistic factors found in entomopoxviruses. in this study, a truncated cydia ... | 2011 | 21643992 |
| expression of the cydia pomonella granulovirus matrix metalloprotease enhances autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus virulence and can partially substitute for viral cathepsin. | the cydia pomonella granulovirus open reading frame 46 (cpgv-orf46) contains predicted domains found in matrix metalloproteases (mmps), a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases that degrade extracellular matrix proteins. we showed that cpgv-mmp was active in vitro. autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) expressing cpgv-orf46 replicated similarly to a control virus lacking cpgv-orf46 in cultured cells. the effects of acmnpv expressing cpgv-mmp on virus infection in culture ... | 2015 | 25795312 |
| occurrence and prevalence of insect pathogens in populations of the codling moth, cydia pomonella l.: a long-term diagnostic survey. | about 20,550 larvae, pupae and adults of the codling moth, cydia pomonella l., were diagnosed for pathogens during long-term investigations (1955-2012) at the institute for biological control in darmstadt, germany. the prevailing entomopathogens diagnosed in these studies were insect pathogenic fungi, especially beauveria bassiana and isaria farinosa, the microsporidium, nosema carpocapsae, the cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv), as well as mostly undetermined bacteria. while the cpgv was obser ... | 2013 | 26462428 |
| complete genome sequence of agrotis segetum granulovirus shanghai strain. | the complete nucleotide sequence of agrotis segetum granulovirus shanghai strain (agsegv-l1) was determined and compared with that of agsegv xinjiang strain (agsegv-xj). the circular genome of agsegv-l1 is 131,442 bp and has a g+c content of 37.27 %. it includes 149 orfs, 24 of which are unique to agsegv (agsegv-l1 and agsegv-xj [genbank accession no. nc_005839]). the average level of amino acid sequence identity between agsegv-l1 and other granulovirus (gv) homologues (except agsegv-xj) ranged ... | 2014 | 24519461 |
| combining mutualistic yeast and pathogenic virus--a novel method for codling moth control. | the combination of a pathogenic virus and mutualistic yeasts isolated from larvae of codling moth cydia pomonella is proposed as a novel insect control technique. apples were treated with codling moth granulovirus (cpgv) and either one of three yeasts, metschnikowia pulcherrima, cryptococcus tephrensis, or aureobasidium pullulans. the combination of yeasts with cpgv significantly increased mortality of neonate codling moth larvae, compared with cpgv alone. the three yeasts were equally efficient ... | 2013 | 23881444 |
| evidence for a second type of resistance against cydia pomonella granulovirus in field populations of codling moths. | cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv) is an important biocontrol agent for the codling moth (cm) in organic and integrated apple production worldwide. previously, z chromosome-linked dominant resistance in at least 38 cm field populations in europe was reported, threatening organic apple production. growers responded by switching to a different resistance-breaking isolate of cpgv that could control these populations. here, we report a nonuniform response of different cm field populations to cpgv i ... | 2017 | 27815280 |
| biological characteristics of experimental genotype mixtures of cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv): ability to control susceptible and resistant pest populations. | the detection of resistance in codling moth (cydia pomonella) populations against the mexican isolate of its granulovirus (cpgv-m), raised questions on the sustainability of the use of this biological insecticide. in resistant host cells, cpgv-m is not able to complete its replication cycle because replication is blocked at an early step. virus isolates able to overcome this resistance have been characterized-among them, the cpgv-r5 isolate. in mixed infections on resistant insects, both cpgv-m ... | 2016 | 27213431 |
| water fluxes and encapsulation efficiency in double emulsions: impact of emulsification and osmotic pressure unbalance. | we study the influence of the emulsification process on encapsulation efficiency of drugs in double water-in-oil-in-water emulsions. two drugs were used, first vitamin b12 which can be considered as a model drug and secondly a suspension of cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv), a virus used in organic agriculture to protect fruits against the carpocapse insect. encapsulation is measured by classical uv-vis spectroscopy method. additionally we show that rheology is a useful tool to determine water ... | 2016 | 26936127 |
| a betabaculovirus encoding a gp64 homolog. | a betabaculovirus (disagv) was isolated from diatraea saccharalis (lepidoptera: crambidae), one of the most important insect pests of the sugarcane and other monocot cultures in brazil. | 2016 | 26847652 |
| foliar application of microdoses of sucrose to reduce codling moth cydia pomonella l. (lepidoptera: tortricidae) damage to apple trees. | the effects of foliar applications of microdoses of sucrose to reduce the damage by the codling moth have been reported from nine trials carried in france and algeria from 2009 to 2014. the activity of sucrose alone was assessed by comparison with an untreated control and some treatments with the cydia pomonella granulovirus or a chemical insecticide. the addition of sucrose to these different treatments was also investigated. | 2016 | 26757395 |
| improving the performance of the granulosis virus of codling moth (lepidoptera: tortricidae) by adding the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae with sugar. | studies were conducted with the codling moth granulosis virus (cpgv) to evaluate whether adding the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae meyen ex e. c. hansen with brown cane sugar could improve larval control of cydia pomonella (l.). larval mortalities in dipped-apple bioassays with s. cerevisiae or sugar alone were not significantly different from the water control. the addition of s. cerevisiae but not sugar with cpgv significantly increased larval mortality compared with cpgv alone. the combinatio ... | 2015 | 26313179 |
| possible functional co-operation of palindromes hr3 and hr4 in the genome of cydia pomonella granulovirus affects viral replication capacity. | after previous studies had shown that natural transposon insertion between the two homologous regions hr3 and hr4 of the genome of the mexican (m) strain of cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv-m) resulted in a loss of viral competitiveness, the function of these homologous regions was investigated. a cpgv-based bacmid (cpbac) was constructed and mutants with deleted hr3 and hr4 palindromes (cpbachr3/hr4ko) and a construct (cpbachr3-kan-hr4) with physically separated hr3 and hr4 repeats were gener ... | 2015 | 26002301 |
| improvement in the uv resistance of baculoviruses by displaying nano-zinc oxide-binding peptides on the surfaces of their occlusion bodies. | the sensitivity of baculoviruses to uv radiation severely limits their large-scale application as biological insecticides. the polyhedron envelope of a baculovirus, which is composed of carbohydrate and polyhedron envelope protein (pep), is a significant structure for the stability and persistence of occlusion bodies (obs) under environmental conditions. the results of this study revealed that the rough pitted surface phenotype of a pep-null autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus ( ... | 2015 | 25895092 |
| progressive adaptation of a cpgv isolate to codling moth populations resistant to cpgv-m. | the npp-r1 isolate of cpgv is able to replicate on cpgv-m-resistant codling moths. however, its efficacy is not sufficient to provide acceptable levels of control in natural (orchard) conditions. a laboratory colony derived from resistant codling moths was established, which exhibited a homogeneous genetic background and a resistance level more than 7000 fold. by successive cycles of replication of npp-r1 in this colony, we observed a progressive increase in efficacy. after 16 cycles (isolate 20 ... | 2014 | 25533659 |
| baculovirus resistance in codling moth is virus isolate-dependent and the consequence of a mutation in viral gene pe38. | the baculovirus cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv) is widely applied as a biocontrol agent of codling moth. after field resistance of codling moth populations had been observed against the commercially used mexican (m) isolate of cpgv, infection experiments of larvae of the resistant codling moth strain cprr1 showed that several other naturally occurring cpgv isolates (i12, s, e2, and i07) from different geographic origins are still infectious to resistant cprr1. whole-genome sequencing and phy ... | 2014 | 25331863 |
| a single sex-linked dominant gene does not fully explain the codling moth's resistance to granulovirus. | in 2004, resistance to a commercial formulation of the cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv) was identified in a field population of cydia pomonella from an organic orchard in southern france. the genetic inheritance of this resistance was analysed in the resistant laboratory strain rgv. this strain was obtained using successive crosses between the resistant field population and a susceptible laboratory strain, sv, with selection for cpgv resistance at each generation. | 2013 | 23908014 |
| betabaculovirus f proteins showed different efficiencies when rescuing the infectivity of gp64-null autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus. | the agrotis segetum granulovirus (agsegv) f protein was previously identified as the first betabaculovirus f protein with functional homology to autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) gp64. in the current study, f proteins from xestia c-nigrum granulovirus (xecngv), cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv), phthorimaea operculella granulovirus (phopgv), choristoneura occidentalis granulovirus (chocgv) and plutella xylostella gv (plxygv) were studied for their ability to rescue the infec ... | 2013 | 23245471 |
| genetic analysis of cydia pomonella (lepidoptera: tortricidae) populations with different levels of sensitivity towards the cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv). | microsatellite (simple sequence repeats, ssr) and mitochondrial dna markers were used to assess the structure of european codling moth populations showing different levels of susceptibility towards one of the most important biocontrol agents used in apple production, the cydia pomonella granulovirus cpgv-m. in 638 c. pomonella individuals from 33 different populations a total of 92 different alleles were scored using six ssr loci. the global estimate of genetic differentiation for all 33 populat ... | 2012 | 22936113 |
| analysis of epapgv gp37 gene reveals a close relationship between granulovirus and entomopoxvirus. | the epinotia aporema granulovirus gp37 protein gene has been identified, located, and sequenced. this gene was similar to other baculovirus gp37, to entomopoxvirus fusolin gene, and to the chitin-binding protein gene of bacteria. sequence analysis indicated that the open reading frame is 669 bp long (the smallest gp37 sequenced at present) and encodes a predicted 222-amino acid protein. this protein is glycosylated and specifically recognized by an entomopoxvirus fusolin antiserum. the pairwise ... | 2012 | 22899338 |
| high stability and no fitness costs of the resistance of codling moth to cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv-m). | resistance against the biocontrol agent cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv-m) was previously observed in field populations of codling moth (cm, c. pomonella) in south-west germany. incidental observations in a laboratory reared field colony (cpr) indicated that this resistance is rather stable, even in genetically heterogeneous cm colonies consisting of both susceptible and resistant individuals. to test this hypothesis, the resistance level of cpr that was 1000times less susceptible to cpgv-m w ... | 2012 | 22824003 |