| [conservativism of the matrix protein of paramyxoviruses]. | cross reactions among paramyxoviruses were determined by the immunoblot method. human parainfluenza viruses, types 1-3, avian parainfluenza virus type 4, mumps, sendai, and measles viruses were used. antisera to human parainfluenza viruses were shown to cross-interact with proteins np and m of other types, and all antisera to the members of paramyxovirus genus cross-reacted with m proteins of other paramyxoviruses. no cross reactions with measles virus proteins were observed. it is concluded tha ... | 1989 | 2609644 |
| avian paramyxovirus type 4 isolated from a ringed teal (calonetta leucophrys). | | 1984 | 6098067 |
| mixed paramyxovirus infection of wild and domestic birds in israel. | five cases of dual isolations of different serotypes of avian paramyxoviruses (apmv) from domestic and wild birds are described: one case of mixed infection by apmv-1 and apmv-4 and four cases of infection by apmv-1 and apmv-2 serotypes. the double infection was proven by consecutive isolations of two viruses from allantoic fluid samples derived from single swabs after their respective treatment by antisera against each suspected virus. the finding of double apmv infection in poultry farms appea ... | 1997 | 9451463 |
| generation of a recombinant chimeric newcastle disease virus vaccine that allows serological differentiation between vaccinated and infected animals. | using a recently developed reverse genetics system, we have generated a recombinant newcastle disease virus (ndv) vaccine in which the gene encoding the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) has been replaced by a hybrid hn gene consisting of the cytoplasmic domain, transmembrane region, and stalk region of hn of ndv, and the immunogenic globular domain of hn of avian paramyxovirus type 4 (apmv4). the objective was to generate a chimeric live vaccine that induces a protective immune response against ... | 2001 | 11166884 |
| avian paramyxoviruses and influenza viruses isolated from mallard ducks (anas platyrhynchos) in new zealand. | a comprehensive study using virological and serological approaches was carried out to determine the status of live healthy mallard ducks (anas platyrhynchos) in new zealand for infections with avian paramyxoviruses (apmv) and influenza viruses (aiv). thirty-three viruses isolated from 321 tracheal and cloacal swabs were characterized as: 6 aiv (two h5n2 and four h4n6), 10 apmv-1 and 17 apmv-4. of 335 sera samples tested for aiv antibodies, 109 (32.5%) sera were positive by nucleoprotein-blocking ... | 2002 | 12111409 |
| comparative study on the pathogenicity and immunogenicity of wild bird isolates of avian paramyxovirus 2, 4, and 6 in chickens. | based on the haemagglutination inhibition assay, nine antigenically distinct serotypes of avian paramyxoviruses (apmv) are described. isolates from apmv 2, 3, 6 and 7 can cause respiratory symptoms and/or problems of the reproductive tract that may produce complications if secondary infections occur, while isolates from apmv 4, 5, 8 and 9 rarely produce clinical signs in species from which they are isolated. isolates belonging to the apmv 1 subtype induce a wide range of disease symptoms varying ... | 2008 | 18622861 |
| the virophage as a unique parasite of the giant mimivirus. | viruses are obligate parasites of eukarya, archaea and bacteria. acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus (apmv) is the largest known virus; it grows only in amoeba and is visible under the optical microscope. mimivirus possesses a 1,185-kilobase double-stranded linear chromosome whose coding capacity is greater than that of numerous bacteria and archaea1, 2, 3. here we describe an icosahedral small virus, sputnik, 50 nm in size, found associated with a new strain of apmv. sputnik cannot multiply in aca ... | 2008 | 18690211 |
| molecular characterization and complete genome sequence of avian paramyxovirus type 4 prototype strain duck/hong kong/d3/75. | avian paramyxoviruses (apmvs) are frequently isolated from domestic and wild birds throughout the world. all apmvs, except avian metapneumovirus, are classified in the genus avulavirus of the family paramyxoviridae. at present, the apmvs of genus avulavirus are divided into nine serological types (apmv 1-9). newcastle disease virus represents apmv-1 and is the most characterized among all apmv types. very little is known about the molecular characteristics and pathogenicity of apmv 2-9. | 2008 | 18937854 |
| prevalence of antibodies to different avian paramyxoviruses in commercial poultry in the united states. | avian paramyxoviruses (apmvs) other than newcastle disease virus have been isolated from feral avian species and have the potential to cause clinical disease. the objective of this study was to investigate the apmv antibody prevalence in commercial poultry settings. sera from 100 commercial, layer-type and broiler-type (broiler-breeder and broiler) chicken flocks were analyzed on a random basis. pooled serum samples from each flock were tested for the presence of antibodies to apmv-1, -2, -3, -4 ... | 2008 | 19166066 |
| experimental infection of mice with avian paramyxovirus serotypes 1 to 9. | the nine serotypes of avian paramyxoviruses (apmvs) are frequently isolated from domestic and wild birds worldwide. apmv-1, also called newcastle disease virus, was shown to be attenuated in non-avian species and is being developed as a potential vector for human vaccines. in the present study, we extended this evaluation to the other eight serotypes by evaluating infection in balb/c mice. mice were inoculated intranasally with a prototype strain of each of the nine serotypes and monitored for c ... | 2011 | 21347313 |
| avian paramyxovirus serotypes 2-9 (apmv-2-9) vary in the ability to induce protective immunity in chickens against challenge with virulent newcastle disease virus (apmv-1). | the avian paramyxoviruses (apmvs) belong to the genus avulavirus of family paramyxoviridae. the apmvs are classified into nine serotypes on the basis of hemagglutination inhibition (hi) and neuraminidase inhibition (ni) assays, although some serologic cross-reaction exists. newcastle disease virus (ndv), which constitutes serotype 1 (apmv-1), is an important pathogen of poultry, but the pathogenic potential of the other apmv serotypes is poorly understood. although antibodies to apmv -2 to -9 ar ... | 2012 | 22222870 |
| avian influenza virus wild bird surveillance in the azov and black sea regions of ukraine (2010-2011). | the azov and black sea basins are part of the transcontinental wild bird migration routes from northern asia and europe to the mediterranean, africa, and southwest asia. these regions constitute an area of transit, stops during migration, and nesting for many different bird species. from september 2010 to september 2011, a wild bird surveillance study was conducted in these regions to identify avian influenza viruses. biological samples consisting of cloacal and tracheal swabs and fecal samples ... | 2012 | 23402128 |
| evaluation of the replication, pathogenicity, and immunogenicity of avian paramyxovirus (apmv) serotypes 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 9 in rhesus macaques. | avian paramyxoviruses (apmv) serotypes 1-9 are frequently isolated from domestic and wild birds worldwide. apmv-1 (also called newcastle disease virus, ndv) is attenuated in non-human primates and is being developed as a candidate human vaccine vector. the vector potential of the other serotypes was unknown. in the present study, we evaluated nine different biologically- or recombinantly-derived apmv strains for the ability to replicate and cause disease in rhesus macaque model. five of the viru ... | 2013 | 24130713 |
| evaluation of the genetic diversity of avian paramyxovirus type 4. | avian paramyxoviruses (apmvs) belong to the genus avulavirus in the family paramyxoviridae and include at least nine serotypes, apmv-1 to -9, as well as two additional provisional serotypes. newcastle disease virus (ndv), which comprises apmv-1, is the most extensively studied apmv because it is an important poultry pathogen. a moderate level of antigenic and genetic diversity is recognized for apmv-1 isolates, but our knowledge of the antigenic and genetic diversity of the other apmv serotypes ... | 2013 | 23178589 |
| limited evidence of intercontinental dispersal of avian paramyxovirus serotype 4 by migratory birds. | avian paramyxovirus serotype 4 (apmv-4) is a single stranded rna virus that has most often been isolated from waterfowl. limited information has been reported regarding the prevalence, pathogenicity, and genetic diversity of ampv-4. to assess the intercontinental dispersal of this viral agent, we sequenced the fusion gene of 58 apmv-4 isolates collected in the united states, japan and the ukraine and compared them to all available sequences on genbank. with only a single exception the phylogenet ... | 2016 | 26925702 |
| wood ducks (aix sponsa) as potential reservoirs for avian influenza and avian paramyxoviruses. | influenza a viruses (iavs) and avian paramyxoviruses (apmvs) are important pathogens of poultry worldwide, and both commonly occur in wild waterfowl, especially ducks in the family anatidae. although wood ducks (aix sponsa) are members of the anatidae, their behaviour differs from most other species in this family, which could affect the transmission of iavs and apmvs. we collected cloacal and oropharyngeal swab and blood samples from more than 700 wood ducks across nine states in the eastern un ... | 2015 | 25695149 |
| wild bird surveillance for avian paramyxoviruses in the azov-black sea region of ukraine (2006 to 2011) reveals epidemiological connections with europe and africa. | despite the existence of 10 avian paramyxovirus (apmv) serotypes, very little is known about the distribution, host species, and ecological factors affecting virus transmission. to better understand the relationship among these factors, we conducted apmv wild bird surveillance in regions of ukraine suspected of being intercontinental (north to south and east to west) flyways. surveillance for apmv was conducted in 6,735 wild birds representing 86 species and 8 different orders during 2006 to 201 ... | 2014 | 24973063 |
| complete genome sequence of a hemagglutination-negative avian paramyxovirus type 4 isolated from china. | we report here the complete genome sequence of a nonpathogenic and hemagglutination-negative avian paramyxovirus type 4 isolated from a duck in southern china. phylogenetic analysis of the genome sequence indicated that the waterfowl virus possibly has evolved into the eastern and western hemisphere lineages. | 2013 | 23516188 |
| complete genome sequence of an avian paramyxovirus type 4 from north america reveals a shorter genome and new genotype. | an avian paramyxovirus type 4 (apmv-4) was isolated from a duck in delaware in 2010. its genome is 15,048 nucleotides (nt) long, which is shorter by 6 nt than those for all previously reported strains. phylogenetic analysis revealed that this strain formed a separate cluster within apmv-4 strains. | 2013 | 23405329 |
| mutations in the fusion protein cleavage site of avian paramyxovirus serotype 4 confer increased replication and syncytium formation in vitro but not increased replication and pathogenicity in chickens and ducks. | to evaluate the role of the f protein cleavage site in the replication and pathogenicity of avian paramyxoviruses (apmvs), we constructed a reverse genetics system for recovery of infectious recombinant apmv-4 from cloned cdna. the recovered recombinant apmv-4 resembled the biological virus in growth characteristics in vitro and in pathogenicity in vivo. the f cleavage site sequence of apmv-4 (diqpr↓f) contains a single basic amino acid, at the -1 position. six mutant apmv-4 viruses were recover ... | 2013 | 23341874 |
| genetic diversity of avian paramyxovirus type 4 isolates from wild ducks in korea from 2006 to 2011. | thirteen isolates of avian paramyxovirus type 4 (apmv-4) isolated from wild ducks in korea from 2006 to 2011 were genetically characterized by sequence analysis of the n-terminal region of the apmv-4 fusion (f) protein gene. the results revealed that the amino acid sequence homology within korean isolates was 97.5 % or greater. the homologies of the korean isolates with the apmv-4/duck/hk/d3/75 and apmv-4/duck/be/15129/07 strains were 86.9-88.0 and 95.5-96.1 %, respectively. all korean isolates ... | 2013 | 23239277 |
| full genomic sequence of an african avian paramyxovirus type 4 strain isolated from a wild duck. | a random amplification/deep sequencing approach was applied to determine the complete genomic sequence of an avian paramyxovirus type 4 (apmv-4) strain isolated from a wild duck in south africa in 2010. this sequence represents the fourth full genome of apmv-4 in public sequence databases and the first for the african continent. a total of 87,402,081 illumina paired-end reads were obtained of which 47,338,867 (54.16 %) mapped to the reference genome eu877976. the entire genomic sequence of 15,05 ... | 2012 | 22918714 |
| complete genome sequence of an avian paramyxovirus type 4 strain isolated from domestic duck at a live bird market in south korea. | we report here the first full-genome sequence of an avian paramyxovirus type 4 (apmv-4) strain isolated from a domestic mallard duck at a live bird market in south korea. phylogenetic analyses provide genetic information on a new genetic clade, apmv-4, isolated from a domestic duck and evidence of apmv-4 exchange between poultry and wild birds. | 2017 | 28522703 |
| molecular characterization of avian paramyxovirus types 4 and 8 isolated from wild migratory waterfowl in mongolia. | avian paramyxoviruses (apmvs) constitute some of the most globally prevalent avian viruses and are frequently isolated from wild migratory bird species. using 1,907 fresh fecal samples collected during the 2012 avian influenza surveillance program, we identified two serotypes of apmv: apmv-4 ( n=10) and apmv-8 ( n=1). sequences for these isolates phylogenetically clustered with asian apmv-4 and apmv-8 recently isolated from wild birds in korea, japan, china, and kazakhstan. analysis by dna barco ... | 2017 | 29286260 |