| further determination of dna relatedness between serogroups and serovars in the family leptospiraceae with a proposal for leptospira alexanderi sp. nov. and four new leptospira genomospecies. | dna relatedness was determined among 303 strains of leptospira and leptonema. included in the analysis were reference strains from 228 well-characterized and recognized serovars. the study included 268 serovars from 29 named and one or more unnamed serogroups. the strains clustered into 17 dna hybridization groups, representing 12 previously described species (292 strains) and five new genomospecies (11 strains). the largest groups included leptospira interrogans (91 strains from 82 serovars), l ... | 1999 | 10319510 |
| low-stringency single specific primer pcr for identification of leptospira. | thirty-five leptospira serovars from the species leptospira interrogans, leptospira borgpetersenii, leptospira santarosai, leptospira kirschneri, leptospira weilii, leptospira biflexa and leptospira meyeri were characterized by the low-stringency single specific primer pcr (lssp-pcr) technique. lssp-pcr analysis was performed to detect dna polymorphisms in a 285 bp dna fragment amplified from genomic dna with g1 and g2 selected primers. similar lssp-pcr profiles were obtained for serovars from t ... | 2003 | 12543918 |
| identification leptospira santarosai serovar shermani specific sequences by suppression subtractive hybridization. | in taiwan, leptospirosis is caused mainly by leptospira santarosai serovar shermani. suppression subtractive hybridization was employed to isolate dna fragments present in pathogenic l. santarosai serovar shermani but absent in non-pathogenic l. biflexa serovar patoc. analysis of 23 subtracted dna clones revealed 25 gene fragments by blastx program. eight clones showed similarity to transposase genes and three clones displayed homology with either translation or metabolism related genes. four cl ... | 2004 | 15158270 |
| omp52 is a growth-phase-regulated outer membrane protein of leptospira santarosai serovar shermani. | we report the expression and characterization of the omp52 gene of leptospira santarosai serovar shermani strain ccf that is isolated in taiwan. omp52 was identified among pathogenic leptospires but not among non-pathogenic leptospires by using suppression subtractive hybridization in our previous study. with an open reading frame of 1371 bp that encodes 456 amino acids and a predicted molecular mass of 52.6 kda, omp52 was shown to be an outer membrane protein containing a c-terminal ompa consen ... | 2005 | 15686833 |
| leptospiral membrane proteins stimulate pro-inflammatory chemokines secretion by renal tubule epithelial cells through toll-like receptor 2 and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase. | leptospiral membrane proteins extracted from pathogenic leptospira santarosai serovar shermani (lmps) stimulated pro-inflammatory chemokines production in cultured mouse proximal tubule epithelial cells (ptecs) and implicated its role in the pathogenesis of leptospira-induced tubulointerstitial nephritis. ptecs express the functional tlr2 and tlr4, which have been shown to play essential roles in innate immunity. this study investigated the roles of toll-like receptors (tlrs) and mitogen-activat ... | 2006 | 16339163 |
| toll-like receptor 2 mediates early inflammation by leptospiral outer membrane proteins in proximal tubule cells. | tubulointerstitial nephritis is a cardinal renal manifestation in leptospirosis and lipl32, the major lipoprotein component of leptospiral outer membrane proteins (omps), induces a robust inflammatory response in cultured renal proximal tubule cells through a nuclear factor-kappab-related pathway. here, we investigated whether toll-like receptor (tlr), known to play a pivotal role in innate immunity, could mediate the inflammatory response induced by leptospiral omps in renal proximal tubule cel ... | 2006 | 16437059 |
| upregulation of chemokine cxcl1/kc by leptospiral membrane lipoprotein preparation in renal tubule epithelial cells. | we have previously shown that leptospiral membrane lipoprotein preparation (lmlp) extracted from pathogenic leptospira santarosai serovar shermani stimulates the secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators in renal tubule epithelial cells, and implicated its role in the initiation of tubulointerstitial nephritis. renal tubulointerstitial injury is characterized by inflammatory cell infiltrate; however, the stimuli for leukocyte recruitment are not fully understood. initial studies by cytokine protei ... | 2006 | 16625148 |
| leptospiral outer membrane protein induces extracellular matrix accumulation through a tgf-beta1/smad-dependent pathway. | leptospirosis is an underestimated cause of renal failure in taiwan and elsewhere. the consequence of leptospira-induced acute tubulointerstitial nephritis is tubulointerstitial fibrosis if left untreated. the aim of the study was to examine the effect of an outer membrane protein (omp) of leptospira santarosai serovar shermani on extracellular matrix (ecm) accumulation in proximal tubular cells, hk-2 cells. the addition of leptospira santarosai serovar shermani omp for 72 h led to an increase o ... | 2006 | 16928805 |
| development of species-specific pcr primer sets for the detection of leptospira. | spirochetes of the genus leptospira infect animals and humans and are the causative agents for the emerging infectious disease leptospirosis. rapid and simple assays for the identification of individual leptospira species are currently not available. for identification of individual leptospira species, pcr primers that detect the ompl1 gene sequence for the majority of pathogenic leptospires were developed in this study. the primer pairs detect leptospira interrogans, leptospira borgpetersenii, ... | 2006 | 17020546 |
| molecular typing of leptospira spp. based on putative o-antigen polymerase gene (wzy), the benefit over 16s rrna gene sequence. | molecular typing of leptospiral strains based on variation within putative o-antigen polymerase gene (wzy) was determined among reference strains and those isolated from patients. using the pcr primers designed from the flanking gene of wzy derived from leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni, all l. interrogans serovars as well as human and rodent leptospiral isolates from thailand could be amplified. the size of pcr product ranged from 1 to 1.5 kb. the limitation of these primer pairs was t ... | 2007 | 17403048 |
| leptospirosis in taiwan--an underestimated infectious disease. | leptospirosis is a re-emerging infectious disease affecting both animals and humans worldwide. this infection is associated with occupational contact with animals, recreational exposure and contact with leptospires as a consequence of flooding. multiple organ involvement may be encountered in acute severe leptospirosis and early renal involvement is commonly characterized by tubulo-interstitial nephritis and tubular dysfunction. leptospirosis has been increasingly recognized as an important infe ... | 2007 | 17595998 |
| arenal, a new leptospira serovar of serogroup javanica, isolated from a patient in costa rica. | leptospirosis is a worldwide distributed zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus leptospira. the basic taxon of leptospira is the serovar. currently, nearly 300 serovars have been identified. leptospirosis is particularly prevalent in warm and humid tropical regions where conditions for transmission and survival of pathogenic leptospires in the environment are optimal. leptospirosis probably constitutes a serious veterinary and public health problem in central america but ... | 2008 | 18417425 |
| demographic and clinical features of leptospirosis: three-year experience in central taiwan. | leptospirosis is a major cause of fever in subtropical and tropical areas. the clinical manifestations are protean, ranging from very mild and nonspecific symptoms to severe septic shock and death. this retrospective study investigated the demographic and clinical features of leptospirosis in central taiwan over 3 years, with emphasis on pulmonary manifestations. | 2008 | 18473102 |
| a multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis assay provides high discrimination for genotyping leptospira santarosai strains. | considering the prevalence of leptospira santarosai infections in the americas and the scarce information about the species, we aimed to apply a multilocus variable number tandem repeat (vntr) analysis (mlva) for the molecular typing of l. santarosai isolates from various sources. amplification of three vntr loci selected from l. santarosai genome sequences resulted in a wide range of sizes for the amplified products amongst the 21 l. santarosai strains analysed. this suggested a variation in ta ... | 2015 | 25721051 |
| lipl41, a hemin binding protein from leptospira santarosai serovar shermani. | leptospirosis is one of the most widespread zoonotic diseases in the world. it is caused by the pathogen leptospira that results in multiple-organ failure, in particular of the kidney. outer membrane lipoprotein is the suspected virulence factor of leptospira. in leptospira spp lipl41 is one major lipoprotein and is highly conserved. previous study suggests that lipl41 bears hemin-binding ability and might play a possible role in iron regulation and storage. however, the characterization of hemi ... | 2013 | 24349474 |
| actionable diagnosis of neuroleptospirosis by next-generation sequencing. | a 14-year-old boy with severe combined immunodeficiency presented three times to a medical facility over a period of 4 months with fever and headache that progressed to hydrocephalus and status epilepticus necessitating a medically induced coma. diagnostic workup including brain biopsy was unrevealing. unbiased next-generation sequencing of the cerebrospinal fluid identified 475 of 3,063,784 sequence reads (0.016%) corresponding to leptospira infection. clinical assays for leptospirosis were neg ... | 2014 | 24896819 |
| genetic diversity of leptospira in northwestern colombia: first report of leptospira santarosai as a recognised leptospirosis agent. | the region of antioquia in northeastern colombia has the highest number of reported leptospirosis cases in the country. it also shows high seroprevalence indexes in the general population and socio-environmental conditions favourable for the transmission of the disease between humans and animals. in this study, 25 leptospira isolates from colombia's antioquia department were identified to the species level as l. santarosai (12), l. interrogans (9) and l. meyeri (4) using phylogenetic analysis of ... | 2016 | 27982303 |
| acute encephalitis in the immunocompromised individual. | this article describes recent advances in the diagnosis and management of encephalitis in immunocompromised individuals. | 2015 | 26098507 |
| etiological agents causing leptospirosis in sri lanka: a review. | to systematically review the etiological agent causing human leptospirosis in sri lanka. | 2016 | 27086159 |
| evolution of the rnase p rna structural domain in leptospira spp. | we have employed the rnase p rna (rpr) gene, which is present as single copy in chromosome i of leptospira spp. to investigate the phylogeny of structural domains present in the rna subunit of the trna processing enzyme, rnase p. rpr gene sequences of 150 strains derived from ncbi database along with sequences determined from 8 reference strains were examined to fathom strain specific structural differences present in leptospiral rpr. sequence variations in the rpr gene impacted on the configura ... | 2014 | 25463388 |
| molecular and serological characterization of the first leptospira santarosai strain isolated from a dog. | leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of global importance caused by pathogenic leptospira species. dogs can become asymptomatically infected, acting like reservoir hosts for pathogenic leptospira, notably leptospira interrogans serovar canicola. identification of such individuals and characterization of leptospires involved in chronic infections may unravel the role of dogs in the epidemiology of particular leptospiral strains. the aim of the present work was to describe the first leptospira sant ... | 2016 | 27282095 |
| usage of a selective media (emjh-staff) in primary culturing of pathogenic leptospires from bovine clinical samples. | isolation of local strains is mandatory for the success of control programs. however, clinical samples are typically contaminated by other bacteria, which impair leptospires growth. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of a previously reported emjh-staff media in the recovery of pathogenic leptospires from bovine clinical samples, namely urine (n = 123) and vaginal fluid-vf (n = 102). emjh-staff presented less contamination than emjh (<0·005), which was more evident in vf culture tu ... | 2015 | 26408270 |
| leptospiral outer membrane protein lipl32 induces inflammation and kidney injury in zebrafish larvae. | leptospirosis is an often overlooked cause of acute kidney injury that can lead to multiple organ failure and even death. the principle protein that conserved in many pathogenic leptospires is the outer membrane protein lipl32. however, the role of lipl32 in the pathogenesis of renal injury in leptospirosis is not entirely clear. here we studied the effects of lipl32 on the developing kidney in zebrafish larvae. incubation of zebrafish larvae with leptospira santarosai serovar shermani induced a ... | 2016 | 27278903 |
| characterization of leptospira santarosai serogroup grippotyphosa serovar bananal isolated from capybara ( hydrochaeris hydrochaeris ) in brazil. | leptospirosis is a widespread zoonosis caused by bacteria of the genus leptospira. rodents appear to be the most important reservoirs of infection. they contaminate the environment and food and can transmit the pathogen when they are consumed by carnivores. capybara ( hydrochaeris hydrochaeris ) are efficient reservoirs of leptospira, and because they are in close contact with farm animals and are found in semiurban areas, they represent a risk to public health. we isolated five leptospira strai ... | 2016 | 27258408 |
| molecular analysis of leptospires from serogroup sejroe obtained from asymptomatic cattle in rio de janeiro - brazil reveals genetic proximity to serovar guaricura. | bovine leptospirosis causes substantial reproductive failure in cattle, mainly due to infections with serovar (sv) hardjo infection. notwithstanding, other serovars from the serogroup (sg) sejroe could also have important roles in bovine leptospirosis. the objective was to investigate genetic diversity of serogroup sejroe isolates obtained from asymptomatic cattle in the state of rio de janeiro, brazil. urine and vaginal fluid (vf) were collected from clinically healthy cattle immediately after ... | 2016 | 27033941 |
| draft genome sequences of leptospira santarosai strains u160, u164, and u233, isolated from asymptomatic cattle. | in the present work, we announce the draft genomes for three new strains (u160, u164, and u233) of leptospira santarosai, isolated from urine samples from asymptomatic cattle in rio de janeiro, brazil. | 2015 | 26272577 |
| potential impact on kidney infection: a whole-genome analysis of leptospira santarosai serovar shermani. | leptospira santarosai serovar shermani is the most frequently encountered serovar, and it causes leptospirosis and tubulointerstitial nephritis in taiwan. this study aims to complete the genome sequence of l. santarosai serovar shermani and analyze the transcriptional responses of l. santarosai serovar shermani to renal tubular cells. to assemble this highly repetitive genome, we combined reads that were generated from four next-generation sequencing platforms by using hybrid assembly approaches ... | 2014 | 26038504 |
| [genotyping and evaluation of infection dynamics in a colombian isolate of leptospira santarosai in hamster as an experimental model]. | is necessary to develop models for the study of leptospirosis. | 2014 | 25504132 |
| molecular characterization of the first leptospires isolated from goats in brazil. | two leptospira sp. isolates were obtained by the first time from goats in brazil and characterized by sequencing rrs, rpob and secy genes, pfge and typing with monoclonal antibodies. both isolates are identical and belong to leptospira santarosai. analysis of the rrs and the rpob genes sequences revealed 100% identity between the goat isolates and the bananal reference strain. when secy sequences of the two isolates were compared to each other, it was observed that they had identical sequences. ... | 2014 | 25763063 |
| new serovars of leptospira isolated from patients in costa rica: implications for public health. | leptospira strains jich 05 and inciensa 04 were isolated from hospitalized leptospirosis patients in the province of puntarenas, costa rica. the isolates produced agglutination titres notably against members of serogroups pyrogenes and tarassovi, respectively, but appeared serologically unique in the cross agglutinin absorption test (caat). therefore, jich 05 and inciensa 04 were considered to represent two new serovars, designated corredores and costa rica of the serogroups pyrogenes and tarass ... | 2013 | 23788592 |
| sequence of leptospira santarosai serovar shermani genome and prediction of virulence-associated genes. | leptospirosis, a widespread zoonosis, is a re-emerging infectious disease caused by pathogenic leptospira species. in taiwan, leptospira santarosai serovar shermani is the most frequently isolated serovar, causing both renal and systemic infections. this study aimed to generate a l. santarosai serovar shermani genome sequence and categorize its hypothetical genes, particularly those associated with virulence. the genome sequence consists of 3,936,333 nucleotides and 4033 predicted genes. additio ... | 2012 | 23041083 |
| emjh medium with 5-fluorouracil and nalidixic acid associated with serial dilution technique used to recover leptospira spp from experimentally contaminated bovine semen. | bovine semen experimentally contaminated with leptospira santarosai serovar guaricura was submitted to the modified emjh medium with 5-fluorouracil (300mg/l) and nalidixic acid (20mg/l), named as "selective medium" and using the serial dilution technique, in order to evaluate the percentage of recovery of the added microorganism. the selective emjh medium was found with higher percentage of recovery of leptospiras and minor losses of samples due to contamination with opportunistic microorganisms ... | 2009 | 24031342 |
| high-resolution melting curve analysis of the 16s ribosomal gene to detect and identify pathogenic and saprophytic leptospira species in colombian isolates. | abstractit is important to identify the circulating leptospira agent to enhance the performance of serodiagnostic tests by incorporating specific antigens of native species, develop vaccines that take into account the species/serovars circulating in different regions, and optimize prevention and control strategies. the objectives of this study were to develop a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-high-resolution melting (hrm) assay for differentiating between species of the genus leptospira and to v ... | 2017 | 28500802 |
| plurality of leptospira strains on slaughtered animals suggest a broader concept of adaptability of leptospires to cattle. | leptospirosis in bovines is in majority determined by the host-adapted serovars, mainly hardjo (types hardjoprajitno and hardjobovis), that belong to the serogroup sejroe. members of other serogroups as pomona and tarassovi have been eventually reported, mainly when outbreaks occurs. nevertheless, the real role of other strains (non-hardjo) on determining disease or being transmitted by cattle free of apparent clinical signs of acute infection remains to be elucidated. in that context, the aim o ... | 2017 | 28472618 |