| yersinia philomiragia sp. n., a new member of the pasteurella group of bacteria, naturally pathogenic for the muskrat (ondatra zibethica). | a bacterium experimentally pathogenic for muskrats (ondatra zibethica), white mice, mountain voles (microtus montanus), and deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) was isolated from the tissues of a sick muskrat captured on the bear river migratory bird refuge (brigham city, utah) and from four surface water samples collected within 15 miles of that point. in culture, the cells are chiefly coccoid, but in the tissues of muskrats and voles they resemble the bizarre forms of yersinia pestis, except for ... | 1969 | 5361214 |
| francisella philomiragia sepsis in chronic granulomatous disease. | | 1997 | 9109152 |
| francisella strains express hemolysins of distinct characteristics. | historically, francisella strains have been described as nonhemolytic. in this study, we show by use of solid and liquid hemolysis assays that some francisella strains have hemolytic properties. the francisella novicida type strain u112 is hemolytic to horse erythrocytes and francisella philomiragia type strain fsc144 is hemolytic towards both human and horse erythrocytes. the f. novicida strain u112 released a protein (novilysin a) into the culture supernatant which cross-reacted with antiserum ... | 2003 | 12855173 |
| characterization of francisella sp., gm2212, the first francisella isolate from marine fish, atlantic cod (gadus morhua). | a francisella sp., isolate gm2212(t), previously isolated from diseased farmed atlantic cod gadus morhua in norway is characterized. the complete 16s rdna, 16s-23s intergenic spacer, 23s rdna, 23s-5s intergenic spacer, 5s rdna, fopa, lipoprotein tul4 (lpna), malate dehydrogenase and a hypothetical lipoprotein (lpnb) is sequenced and compared with francisella tularensis and francisella philomiragia. all these sequences support a close relationship between gm2212(t) and f. philomiragia. the bacter ... | 2007 | 17160676 |
| new species in the genus francisella (gammaproteobacteria; francisellaceae); francisella piscicida sp. nov. isolated from cod (gadus morhua). | a francisella strain, gm2212, previously isolated from moribund farmed atlantic cod (gadus morhua) in norway, is closely related to francisella philomiragia among francisella spp. according to its complete 16s rdna, 16s-23s intergenic spacer, 23s rdna, 23s-5s intergenic spacer, 5s rdna, fopa, lipoprotein tul4 (lpna), malate dehydrogenase and hypothetical lipoprotein (lpnb) sequences. a comparison between gm2212 and the type strain of francisella philomiragia were performed by dna-dna hybridizati ... | 2007 | 17619856 |
| francisella philomiragia subsp. noatunensis subsp. nov., isolated from farmed atlantic cod (gadus morhua l.). | seven bacterial isolates from farmed atlantic cod displaying chronic granulomatous disease were characterized by phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods. the isolates were gram-negative, facultatively intracellular, non-motile, strictly aerobic coccobacilli which produced h(2)s from cysteine-supplemented media and are therefore phenotypically consistent with members of the genus francisella. comparison of 16s rrna gene sequences and six partial housekeeping gene sequences (groel, shda, rpob, ... | 2007 | 17766855 |
| fangia hongkongensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel gammaproteobacterium of the order thiotrichales isolated from coastal seawater of hong kong. | a gram-negative, coccobacillus-shaped, aerobic bacterium, designated strain ust040201-002t, was isolated in february 2004 from seawater at the outlet of a sandfilter in port shelter, hong kong sar, china. this strain possessed ubiquinone-8; its 16s rrna gene sequence shared only 91% similarity with the sequence from caedibacter taeniospiralis and 89-90% similarity with sequences from francisella tularensis, francisella novicida, francisella philomiragia and wolbachia persica. 16s rrna gene seque ... | 2007 | 17978237 |
| elevation of francisella philomiragia subsp. noatunensis mikalsen et al. (2007) to francisella noatunensis comb. nov. [syn. francisella piscicida ottem et al. (2008) syn. nov.] and characterization of francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis subsp. nov., two important fish pathogens. | this study was conducted to clarify the taxonomic status of francisella sp. strain ehime-1, a fish pathogen, in relation to the fish pathogens f. piscicida and f. philomiragia subsp. noatunensis and to f. philomiragia subsp. philomiragia. | 2009 | 19187160 |
| virulence and pathogenicity of francisella philomiragia subsp. noatunensis for atlantic cod, gadus morhua l., and laboratory mice. | | 2009 | 19335614 |
| diversity of francisella species in environmental samples from martha's vineyard, massachusetts. | we determined whether francisella spp. are present in water, sediment, and soil from an active tularemia natural focus on martha's vineyard, massachusetts, during a multiyear outbreak of pneumonic tularemia. environmental samples were tested by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) targeting francisella species 16s rrna gene and succinate dehydrogenase a (sdha) sequences; evidence of the agent of tularemia was sought by amplification of francisella tularensis-specific sequences for the insertion eleme ... | 2010 | 19669828 |
| francisella asiatica sp. nov. isolated from farmed tilapia (oreochromis sp.) and elevation of francisella philomiragia subsp. noatunensis to species rank as francisella noatunensis comb. nov., sp. nov. | bacterial isolates from diseased farmed tilapia (oreochromis sp.) from costa rica (pq 1104), atlantic salmon (salmo salar) from chile (pq 1106) and three-line grunt (parapristipoma trilineatum) from japan (ehime-1) were characterized by phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods. these isolates were gram-negative, oxidase negative, non-motile, strictly aerobic cocco-bacilli, produced h2s from cysteine supplemented media, which is phenotypically consistent with the genus francisella. comparison o ... | 2009 | 19783606 |
| description of francisella hispaniensis sp. nov., isolated from human blood, reclassification of francisella novicida (larson et al. 1955) olsufiev et al. 1959 as francisella tularensis subsp. novicida comb. nov. and emended description of the genus francisella. | strain fhsp1t, isolated from human blood in spain in 2003, was studied for its taxonomic allocation. by 16s rrna and reca gene sequencing, the strain was shown to belong to the genus francisella. in the 16s rrna gene sequence, francisella sp. fhsp1t shared similarity of more than 99% with strains of francisella tularensis subspecies and francisella novicida u112t, 98% with francisella piscicida gm2212t and 98.4% with francisella philomiragia atcc 25015t. in the reca gene sequence, francisella sp ... | 2010 | 19783615 |
| development of real-time pcr assays for the specific detection of francisella tularensis ssp. tularensis, holarctica and mediaasiatica. | real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays were developed to detect francisella tularensis (ft), the causative agent of tularaemia in humans. two real-time pcrs (ftt0376 and ftt0523) were designed in genetic sequences identified by the insignia genome comparison tool (http://insignia.cbcb.umd.edu/) as being unique to pathogenic subspecies of f. tularensis. both pcrs identified all pathogenic f. tularensis subspecies but did not cross react with avirulent francisella philomiragia or f. tula ... | 2010 | 19833196 |
| francisella philomiragia septicemia in a dog. | | 2010 | 20649752 |
| francisella tularensis molecular typing using differential insertion sequence amplification (disa). | tularemia is a potentially fatal disease that is caused by the highly infectious and zoonotic pathogen francisella tularensis. despite the monomorphic nature of sequenced f. tularensis genomes, there is a significant degree of plasticity in the organization of genetic elements. the observed variability in these genomes is primarily due to the transposition of direct repeats and insertion sequence (is) elements. since current methods used to genotype f. tularensis are time-consuming and require e ... | 2011 | 21613430 |
| francisella halioticida sp. nov., a pathogen of farmed giant abalone (haliotis gigantea) in japan. | in 2005, a francisella sp. was isolated from diseased cultured giant abalone (haliotis gigantea) in japan. the aim of this study was to clarify the taxonomic status of this francisella sp. shimane-1 isolate in relation to the four described francisella species. | 2011 | 21883728 |
| whole genome sequencing of the fish pathogen francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis toba04 gives novel insights into francisella evolution and pathogenecity. | francisella is a genus of gram-negative bacterium highly virulent in fishes and human where f. tularensis is causing the serious disease tularaemia in human. recently francisella species have been reported to cause mortality in aquaculture species like atlantic cod and tilapia. we have completed the sequencing and draft assembly of the francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalistoba04 strain isolated from farmed tilapia. compared to other available francisella genomes, it is most similar to the ge ... | 2012 | 23131096 |
| francisella philomiragia infection and lethality in mammalian tissue culture cell models, galleria mellonella, and balb/c mice. | francisella (f.) philomiragia is a gram-negative bacterium with a preference for brackish environments that has been implicated in causing bacterial infections in near-drowning victims. the purpose of this study was to characterize the ability of f. philomiragia to infect cultured mammalian cells, a commonly used invertebrate model, and, finally, to characterize the ability of f. philomiragia to infect balb/c mice via the pulmonary (intranasal) route of infection. this study shows that f. philom ... | 2016 | 27252681 |
| characterization of francisella species isolated from the cooling water of an air conditioning system. | strains of francisella spp. were isolated from cooling water from an air conditioning system in guangzhou, china. these strains are gram negative, coccobacilli, non-motile, oxidase negative, catalase negative, esterase and lipid esterase positive. in addition, these bacteria grow on cysteine-supplemented media at 20 °c to 40 °c with an optimal growth temperature of 30 °c. analysis of 16s rrna gene sequences revealed that these strains belong to the genus francisella. biochemical tests and phylog ... | 2015 | 26413079 |
| a method for assessing efficiency of bacterial cell disruption and dna release. | dna-based testing is becoming the preferred method both for identifying microorganisms and for characterizing microbial communities. however, no single dna extraction method exists that is suitable for all types of microorganisms because bacteria are variable in their susceptibility to lysis by available extraction procedures. to develop and test new dna extraction procedures, it would be helpful to determine their efficiencies. while the amount of extracted dna can readily be measured by differ ... | 2016 | 27566276 |
| disseminated infection caused by francisella philomiragia, france, 2014. | | 0 | 26583375 |
| identification and characterization of episomal forms of integrative genomic islands in the genus francisella. | recently, we identified a putative prophage on a genomic island (gi) within the genome sequence of francisella hispaniensis isolate as0-814 (francisella tularensis subsp. novicida-like 3523) by the analysis of the crispr-cas systems of francisella. various spacer dnas within the crispr region of different f. tularensis subsp. novicida strains were found to be homologous to the putative prophage (schunder et al., 2013, int. j. med. microbiol. 303:51-60). now we identified the gi (fhagi-1) as a mo ... | 2015 | 26358917 |
| francisella guangzhouensis sp. nov., isolated from air-conditioning systems. | four strains (08hl01032(t), 09hg994, 10hp82-6 and 10hl1960) were isolated from water of air-conditioning systems of various cooling towers in guangzhou city, china. cells were gram-stain-negative coccobacilli without flagella, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, showing no reduction of nitrate, no hydrolysis of urea and no production of h2s. growth was characteristically enhanced in the presence of l-cysteine, which was consistent with the properties of members of the genus francisella. the ... | 2013 | 23606480 |
| whole-genome relationships among francisella bacteria of diverse origins define new species and provide specific regions for detection. | francisella tularensis is a highly virulent zoonotic pathogen that causes tularemia and, because of weaponization efforts in past world wars, is considered a tier 1 biothreat agent. detection and surveillance of f. tularensis may be confounded by the presence of uncharacterized, closely related organisms. through dna-based diagnostics and environmental surveys, novel clinical and environmental francisella isolates have been obtained in recent years. here we present 7 new francisella genomes and ... | 2017 | 27881415 |
| proteogenomic biomarkers for identification of francisella species and subspecies by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. | francisella tularensis is the causative agent of tularemia. because some francisella strains are very virulent, this species is considered by the centers for disease control and prevention to be a potential category a bioweapon. a mass spectrometry method to quickly and robustly distinguish between virulent and nonvirulent francisella strains is desirable. a combination of shotgun proteomics and whole-cell matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight (maldi-tof) mass spectrometry o ... | 2014 | 25215633 |
| decontamination of materials contaminated with francisella philomiragia or ms2 bacteriophage using pes-solid, a solid source of peracetic acid. | the aim of the study was to develop test methods and evaluate survival of francisella philomiragia cells and ms2 bacteriophage after exposure to pes-solid (a solid source of peracetic acid) formulations with or without surfactants. | 2014 | 24807242 |
| genome sequencing of 18 francisella strains to aid in assay development and testing. | francisella tularensis is a highly infectious bacterium with the potential to cause high fatality rates if infections are untreated. to aid in the development of rapid and accurate detection assays, we have sequenced and annotated the genomes of 18 f. tularensis and francisella philomiragia strains. | 2015 | 25931589 |
| francisella philomiragia bacteremia in a patient with acute respiratory insufficiency and acute-on-chronic kidney disease. | francisella philomiragia is a very uncommon pathogen of humans. diseases caused by it are protean and have been reported largely in near-drowning victims and those with chronic granulomatous disease. we present a case of f. philomiragia pneumonia with peripheral edema and bacteremia in a renal transplant patient and review the diverse reports of f. philomiragia infections. | 2015 | 26400786 |
| induction of β-lactamase activity and decreased β-lactam susceptibility by co2 in clinical bacterial isolates. | antimicrobial susceptibility testing of clinical isolates is a crucial step toward appropriate treatment of infectious diseases. the clinical isolate francisella philomiragia 14iuhpl001, recently isolated from a 63-year-old woman with atypical pneumonia, featured decreased susceptibility to β-lactam antibiotics when cultivated in 5% co2. quantitative β-lactamase assays demonstrated a significant (p < 0.0001) increase in enzymatic activity between bacteria cultivated in 5% co2 over those incubate ... | 2017 | 28744482 |
| potentiation of francisella resistance to conventional antibiotics through small molecule adjuvants. | a screen of 20 compounds identified small molecule adjuvants capable of potentiating anitbiotic activty against francisella philomiragia. analogue synthesis of an initial hit compound led to the discovery of a potentially new class of small molecule adjuvants containg an indole core. the lead compound was able to lower the mic of colistin by 32-fold against intrinsically resistant f. philomiragia. | 2015 | 26877862 |
| biochemical studies on francisella tularensis rela in (p)ppgpp biosynthesis. | the bacterial stringent response is induced by nutrient deprivation and is mediated by enzymes of the rsh (rela/spot homologue; rela, (p)ppgpp synthetase i; spot, (p)ppgpp synthetase ii) superfamily that control concentrations of the 'alarmones' (p)ppgpp (guanosine penta- or tetra-phosphate). this regulatory pathway is present in the vast majority of pathogens and has been proposed as a potential anti-bacterial target. current understanding of rela-mediated responses is based on biochemical stud ... | 2015 | 26450927 |
| class a carbapenemase fph-1 from francisella philomiragia. | fph-1 is a new class a carbapenemase from francisella philomiragia. it produces high-level resistance to penicillins and the narrow-spectrum cephalosporin cephalothin and hydrolyzes these β-lactam antibiotics with catalytic efficiencies of 10(6) to 10(7) m(-1) s(-1). when expressed in escherichia coli, the enzyme confers resistance to clavulanic acid, tazobactam, and sulbactam and has k(i) values of 7.5, 4, and 220 μm, respectively, against these inhibitors. fph-1 increases the mic of the monoba ... | 2012 | 22450977 |
| complete genome sequence of francisella philomiragia atcc 25017. | francisella philomiragia is a saprophytic gammaproteobacterium found only occasionally in immunocompromised individuals and is the nearest neighbor to the causative agent of tularemia and category a select agent francisella tularensis. to shed insight into the key genetic differences and the evolution of these two distinct lineages, we sequenced the first complete genome of f. philomiragia strain atcc 25017, which was isolated as a free-living microorganism from water in bear river refuge, utah. | 2012 | 22628499 |
| genetic diversity within the genus francisella as revealed by comparative analyses of the genomes of two north american isolates from environmental sources. | francisella tularensis is an intracellular pathogen that causes tularemia in humans and the public health importance of this bacterium has been well documented in recent history. francisella philomiragia, a distant relative of f. tularensis, is thought to constitute an environmental lineage along with francisella novicida. nevertheless, both f. philomiragia and f. novicida have been associated with human disease, primarily in immune-compromised individuals. to understand the genetic relationship ... | 2012 | 22920915 |
| francisella philomiragia biofilm formation and interaction with the aquatic protist acanthamoeba castellanii. | the bacterium francisella philomiragia has been isolated from environmental samples originating from around the globe. f. philomiragia-related strains cause francisellosis of both farmed and wild fish. in addition, occasional human infections caused by f. philomiragia are found in victims of near-drowning and patients with chronic granulomatous disease. we have shown that f. philomiragia forms in vitro biofilms with increased formation at 25 °c over 37 °c conditions. we found that f. philomiragi ... | 2010 | 20972262 |
| identification of francisella tularensis by whole-cell matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry: fast, reliable, robust, and cost-effective differentiation on species and subspecies levels. | francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia, is a potential agent of bioterrorism. the phenotypic discrimination of closely related, but differently virulent, francisella tularensis subspecies with phenotyping methods is difficult and time-consuming, often producing ambiguous results. as a fast and simple alternative, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) was applied to 50 different strains of the genus francisella to assess its ... | 2010 | 20181907 |
| description of two new plasmids isolated from francisella philomiragia strains and construction of shuttle vectors for the study of francisella tularensis. | francisella tularensis is the causative agent of tularemia, a zoonotic disease often transmitted to humans by infected animals. the lack of useful specific genetic tools has long hampered the study of f. tularensis subspecies. we identified and characterized two new plasmids, pf242 and pf243, isolated from francisella philomiragia strains atcc 25016 and atcc 25017, respectively. sequence analysis revealed that pf242 and pf243 are closely related to pc194 and pfnl10 plasmids, respectively. two ge ... | 2009 | 19615403 |
| rapid polymerase chain reaction-based screening assay for bacterial biothreat agents. | to design and evaluate a rapid polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based assay for detecting eubacteria and performing early screening for selected class a biothreat bacterial pathogens. | 2008 | 18370996 |
| francisella philomiragia adenitis and pulmonary nodules in a child with chronic granulomatous disease. | francisella philomiragia is a rare and opportunistic pathogen capable of producing invasive infection in patients with compromised neutrophil function and in patients that have survived a near-drowning. a case of f philomiragia adenitis and lung nodules, refractory to cephalosporin therapy, is reported in a 10-year-old boy with chronic granulomatous disease following a facial abrasion from a saltwater crab. to the authors' knowledge, this is the first canadian clinical isolate to be reported. ge ... | 2005 | 18159552 |
| characterization of lipid a acylation patterns in francisella tularensis, francisella novicida, and francisella philomiragia using multiple-stage mass spectrometry and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization on an intermediate vacuum source linear ion trap. | lipopolysaccharide (lps) is a major component of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. the lipid a region of lps stimulates the immune system in a structure-dependent manner. we have previously identified the two major lipid a species from francisella tularensis as asymmetric tetraacylated structures containing four long acyl chains (16 and 18 carbons) and a single phosphate group that is partially modified by galactosamine (phillips, n. j.; schilling b.; mclendon, m. k.; apicella, m. a. ... | 2007 | 17263332 |
| development of a real-time pcr assay for detection and quantification of francisella tularensis. | the facultative intracellular bacterium, francisella tularensis, is an etiological agent of tularemia and is also considered to be a potential biological threat agent due to its extreme infectivity. we established a real-time pcr assay using the lightcycler (lc) system to detect a francisella-specific sequence of the outer membrane protein (fopa) gene. twenty-five f. tularensis strains including 16 japanese isolates were subjected to this lc-pcr assay, and were tested positive, whereas francisel ... | 2006 | 16495634 |
| detection of diverse new francisella-like bacteria in environmental samples. | following detection of putative francisella species in aerosol samples from houston, texas, we surveyed soil and water samples from the area for the agent of tularemia, francisella tularensis, and related species. the initial survey used 16s rrna gene primers to detect francisella species and related organisms by pcr amplification of dna extracts from environmental samples. this analysis indicated that sequences related to francisella were present in one water and seven soil samples. this is the ... | 2005 | 16151142 |
| problems in identification of francisella philomiragia associated with fatal bacteremia in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease. | francisella philomiragia is a rare gram-negative, halophilic coccobacillus with bizarre spherical forms on primary isolation. a case of f. philomiragia bacteremia in a 24-year-old patient with chronic granulomatous disease is reported. identification of f. philomiragia was problematic with conventional tests but was done correctly and rapidly by kit 16s ribosomal dna sequencing. | 2004 | 15071065 |
| development of a multitarget real-time taqman pcr assay for enhanced detection of francisella tularensis in complex specimens. | tularemia is the zoonotic disease caused by the gram-negative coccobacillus francisella tularensis. its wide distribution in the environment poses a challenge for understanding the transmission, ecology, and epidemiology of the disease. f. tularensis is also considered a potential biological weapon due to its extreme infectivity. we have developed a multitarget real-time taqman pcr assay capable of rapidly and accurately detecting f. tularensis in complex specimens. targeted regions included the ... | 2003 | 14662930 |
| detection of francisella tularensis in biological specimens using a capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, an immunochromatographic handheld assay, and a pcr. | the early detection of francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia, is important for adequate treatment by antibiotics and the outcome of the disease. here we describe a new capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (celisa) based on monoclonal antibodies specific for lipopolysaccharide (lps) of francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica and francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis. no cross-reactivity with francisella tularensis subsp. novicida, francisella philomiragia, and a panel ... | 2000 | 10618283 |
| recurrent francisella philomiragia sepsis in chronic granulomatous disease. | | 1998 | 9613671 |
| analysis of 16s ribosomal dna sequences of francisella strains and utilization for determination of the phylogeny of the genus and for identification of strains by pcr. | the 16s ribosomal dnas (rdnas) of two strains of francisella tularensis and one strain of francisella philomiragia were sequenced. on the basis of phylogenetic analysis data, the genus francisella was placed in the gamma subclass of the proteobacteria. the most closely related organism was the intracellular bacterium wolbachia persica. the sequenced 16s rdna molecules of the francisella species exhibited very high levels of similarity (98.5 to 99.9%). two variable regions, comprising 390 to 450 ... | 1994 | 8123561 |
| francisella philomiragia comb. nov. (formerly yersinia philomiragia) and francisella tularensis biogroup novicida (formerly francisella novicida) associated with human disease. | over a 12-year period, 16 human strains of a gram-negative, catalase-positive, halophilic, aerobic, nonmotile, small coccoid bacterium were received for identification. on the bases of biochemical characteristics and cellular fatty acid profiles, 14 of these strains were similar to the "philomiragia" bacterium (yersinia philomiragia, species incertae sedis). additional characteristics were growth on thayer-martin agar but no growth or sparse, delayed growth on macconkey agar; oxidase positive; a ... | 1989 | 2671019 |
| infection caused by francisella philomiragia (formerly yersinia philomiragia). a newly recognized human pathogen. | we evaluated the clinical characteristics of patients with francisella philomiragia (formerly yersinia philomiragia) isolated from normally sterile sites. isolates from 14 patients were received by the centers for disease control between 1975 and 1987: 9 were from blood; 2 from lung biopsies; and 1 each from pleural, peritoneal, and cerebrospinal fluid. underlying problems included chronic granulomatous disease in 5 patients, near-drowning in 5, and a myeloproliferative disease in 2. all 13 pati ... | 1989 | 2541646 |
| the 17 kda lipoprotein and encoding gene of francisella tularensis lvs are conserved in strains of francisella tularensis. | a t-cell-stimulating 17 kda protein of the vaccine strain francisella tularensis lvs has previously been cloned, sequenced and shown to be a lipoprotein. in the present study, it was investigated whether the protein, denoted tul4, and its gene are present in various strains of the genus francisella. by western blot analysis, it was demonstrated that a tul4-specific monoclonal antibody bound to a protein present in each of the francisella strains. the immunoreactive proteins had an m(r) of 17 kda ... | 1992 | 1291846 |
| standardized broth microdilution antimicrobial susceptibility testing of francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica strains from europe and rare francisella species. | tularaemia is a widespread zoonosis in europe caused by francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica. because of a lack of standardized clsi-approved antibiotic susceptibility data from european francisella strains, the antibiotic susceptibilities of a selection of f. tularensis subsp. holarctica isolates originating from germany, austria, france, spain and other european countries were determined. rarely isolated species and subspecies of francisella such as francisella philomiragia, f. tularensis ... | 2012 | 22763567 |
| evolution toward high-level fluoroquinolone resistance in francisella species. | francisella tularensis, a cdc class a potential bioterrorism agent, is a gram-negative bacterium responsible for tularaemia. understanding the mechanisms of resistance to antibiotics used as first-line treatment is of major security relevance. | 2014 | 23963236 |
| the distribution of francisella-like bacteria associated with coastal waters in norway. | we report the diversity and distribution of francisella species in norwegian coastal and fresh waters following a nationwide survey in which water and sediment samples were collected from locations spanning almost the entire norwegian coastline. in total, samples were obtained from 149 and 64 seawater and freshwater sites, respectively. dna extracts from these environmental samples were initially screened by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using francisella genus-specific 16s rdna primers. posit ... | 2012 | 22370877 |