| two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of spore proteins of the microsporida. | microsporida are potentially useful as biological control agents for insects of economic and medical importance. prior to their responsible use, however, an accurate and reliable means of identification to the species and subspecies level is required. current methods used for identification are not adequate, due to variability of identifiable characters and to the occurrence of dimorphism. recently, progress has been made in the use of biochemical characteristics to support the more traditional ... | 1987 | 3116194 |
| the life cycle of nosema bombycis as revealed in tissue culture cells of bombyx mori. | | 1969 | 4983936 |
| [range of the hosts of the causative agent of pébrine (nosema bombycis) in the mulberry silkworm]. | biological interrelations between the agent of microsporidiosis of the silkworm and local species of insects were studied. 7 species of lepidoptera (agrotis segetum, chloridea obsoleta, laphygma exigua, plusia gamma, pieris brassicae, p. rapae, lymantria dispar) were infected with the suspension of nosema bombycis spores. results have shown that 6 species of insects are susceptible to nosema bombycis excluding only the gipsy moth. so, n. bombycis can be considered to be a parasite with a wide ra ... | 1980 | 6769083 |
| staining of microsporidian spores by optical brighteners with remarks on the use of brighteners for the diagnosis of aids associated human microsporidioses. | conditions for the effective fluorescence labelling of microsporidian spores by optical brighteners, based on the presence of chitin in the spore wall, are described. spores of vairimorpha ephestiae, v. necatrix, v. plodiae, nosema bombycis, n. apis, n. algerae, encephalitozoon cuniculi and enterocytozoon bieneusi were examined. the degree of binding of calcofluor white m2r (cfw) to untreated spores depends on the conditions and time of storage and the degree of bacterial contamination of the sp ... | 1993 | 7516908 |
| dna probes for two microsporidia, nosema bombycis and nosema costelytrae. | two dna fragments which hybridize specifically with dna of nosema bombycis and nosema costelytrae, respectively, were obtained from genomic dna of each microsporidian species and sequenced. neither fragment hybridized with genomic dna from four other microsporidian isolates tested: nosema apis, vairimorpha sp. from cabbage white butterfly (pieris rapae), and two isolates of vavraia oncoperae, one from new zealand grass grubs, costelytrae zealandica, and another from porina caterpillars, wiseana ... | 1995 | 7745281 |
| phylogenetic relationships among vairimorpha and nosema species (microspora) based on ribosomal rna sequence data. | a portion (approximately 350 nucleotides) of the large subunit ribosomal rna (rrna) 5' to the 580 region (escherichia coli numbering) was sequenced using the reverse transcriptase dideoxy method and compared for several species of nosema and vairimorpha. comparison among nosema species suggests that this genus is composed of several unrelated groups. the group which includes the type species, nosema bombycis, consists of closely related species found primarily in lepidoptera. other nosema specie ... | 1994 | 7963643 |
| identification of a chromosome harboring the small subunit ribosomal rna gene of nosema bombycis. | | 1994 | 7963645 |
| the antimicrosporidial activity of albendazole. | the antimicrosporidial activity of albendazole was tested on nosema bombycis in vitro in spodoptera frugiperda cells and in vivo in heliocoverpa zea larvae and pupae. significant reductions in the percentage of infected s. frugiperda cells were obtained using a concentration of 5.3 micrograms/ml albendazole in tissue culture medium but recrudescence occurred after the drug was withdrawn from the cultures. significant reductions in the number of spores harvested from 6th-instar larvae or pupae we ... | 1993 | 8228321 |
| nosema trichoplusiae is a synonym of nosema bombycis based on the sequence of the small subunit ribosomal rna coding region. | | 1996 | 8812615 |
| use of nucleotide sequence data to identify a microsporidian pathogen of pieris rapae (lepidoptera, pieridae). | nucleotide sequence was determined for a portion of genomic dna which spans the v4 variable region of the small subunit ribosomal rna gene of an unidentified microsporidium from the cabbage white butterfly, pieris rapae (174 base pairs). comparison with equivalent sequence data obtained here for two other microsporidian species, nosema bombycis (240 base pairs) and nosema bombi (200 base pairs), and from the genbank database for 11 other microsporidian species suggests that the unidentified spec ... | 1996 | 8931362 |
| production of monoclonal antibodies against nosema bombycis and their utility for detection of pebrine infection in bombyx mori l. | latex agglutination assay based on monoclonal antibodies (mcas) described in this communication may be useful for detection of pebrine infection in silkworm. four murine mcas were produced against nosema bombycis spore. in elisa all 4 mcas (igm isotype) reacted with alkali treated nosema spores and to variable extent with acetone precipitated surface protein. however, ma-310 and ma-542 showed a low degree of cross reactivity with bmnpv. in contrast, ma-503 and ma-515 were devoid of reactivity wi ... | 1997 | 9358341 |
| nosema tyriae n.sp. and nosema sp., microsporidian parasites of cinnabar moth tyria jacobaeae. | nosema tyriae n.sp. was found in 63% of a population of cinnabar moth larvae (tyria jacobaeae). the infection was found in the gut wall, silk glands, and fat body and was probably generalized but appeared to be of low pathogenicity. merogony and sporogony were by binary fission of diplokaryotic stages. fresh spores were elongate, slightly pointed at the anterior end, and measured 4.7 x 2.0 microm. ultrastructural features of special interest were 20-nm tubules connecting the surface of sporonts ... | 1999 | 10388544 |
| [study on the biology feature and pathogenicities to silkworm of a microsporidium isolated from barathra brassicae l]. | a microsporidium (called as bab-m) was isolated from barathra brassicae l. captured from suburban vegetable plot of guang zhou. the spores were long-ovoid in shape and 4.02 +/- 0.36 microns x 1.99 +/- 0.36 microns in size. immunologically the microsporidium shared spore surface specific antigen(s) with n. bombycis. the ultrastructure and life cycle of bab-m were similar to that of n. b.. the rate of transovarian transmission was high. the initial conclusion was that bab-m should be referred to a ... | 2000 | 12548768 |
| a new method of pebrine inspection of silkworm egg using multiprimer pcr. | using a mixture of several pcr primers, we evaluated whether multiprimer pcr is practically useful for the early and simultaneous detection of several kinds of microsporidia that cause silkworm pebrine. when genomic dna extracted from silkworm eggs infected with nosema bombycis was used as the dna template, the specific dna sequences were amplified by multiprimer pcr. in addition, similar results were obtained even when genomic dna extracted from silkworms infected with n. bombycis was used as t ... | 2003 | 12676550 |
| the characterization of microsporidian isolates (nosematidae: nosema) from five important lepidopteran pests in taiwan. | microsporidian isolates from five lepidopteran pests-spodoptera litura, spodoptera exigua, helicoverpa armigera, plutella xylostella, and pieris spp.-were compared by spore morphology, infectivity to s. litura, western-blot banding patterns, the sequences of small subunit rrna gene (ssurrna sequence), and random amplified polymorphic dna polymerase chain reaction (rapd-pcr). all the isolates could infect experimentally and multiply in the larvae of s. litura. the s. exigua isolate showed the hig ... | 2003 | 12725812 |
| [diagnosis of nosema bombycis infection]. | | 1952 | 13002028 |
| continuous cell lines from the common white, pieris rapae crucivora boisduval. | three continuous cell lines, nias-prc-819a, nias-prc-819b, and nias-prc-819c, were established from the pupal ovaries of the common white, pieris rapae crucivora boisduval (insecta, lepidoptera, pieridae). the primary culture was initiated as explant cultures with ovariole fragments in mgm-464 medium supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum at 25 degrees c. about 6 mo after the culture was set up, the first subculture was prepared. thereafter, cells were subcultured with decreasing passage inter ... | 2003 | 14505438 |
| establishment of the new genus paranosema based on the ultrastructure and molecular phylogeny of the type species paranosema grylli gen. nov., comb. nov. (sokolova, selezniov, dolgikh, issi 1994), from the cricket gryllus bimaculatus deg. | the ultrastructure of the microsporidian parasite nosema grylli, which parasitizes primarily fat body cells and haemocytes of the cricket gryllus bimaculatus (orthoptera, gryllidae) is described. all observed stages (meront, meront/sporont transitional stage ("second meront"), sporont, sporoblast, and spore) are found in direct contact with the host cell cytoplasm. nuclei are diplokaryotic during almost all stages of the life cycle, but a brief stage with one nucleus containing an abundance of e ... | 2003 | 14726239 |
| the novel organization and complete sequence of the ribosomal rna gene of nosema bombycis. | we present here for the first time the complete dna sequence data (4301bp) of the ribosomal rna (rrna) gene of the microsporidian type species, nosema bombycis. sequences for the large subunit gene (lsurrna: 2497bp, genbank accession no. ), the internal transcribed spacer (its: 179bp, genbank accession no. ), the small subunit gene (ssurrna: 1232bp), intergenic spacer (igs: 279bp), and 5s region (114bp) are also given, and the secondary structure of the large subunit is discussed. the organizati ... | 2004 | 15050536 |
| phylogenetic relationships of three new microsporidian isolates from the silkworm, bombyx mori. | the pathogenicity, mode of transmission, tissue specificity of infection and the small subunit rrna (ssu-rrna) gene sequences of the three new microsporidian isolates from the silkworm bombyx mori were studied. out of the three, nik-2r revealed life cycle features and ssu-rrna gene sequence similar to nosema bombycis, suggesting that it is n. bombycis. the other two, nik-4m and nik-3h, differed from each other as well as from n. bombycis. nik-4m was highly pathogenic and did not show any vertica ... | 2004 | 15261772 |
| analyses of the ribosomal dna region in nosema bombycis nis 001. | ribosomal dna (rdna) containing small subunit (ssu) rdna and both flanking regions in the entomopathogenic microsporidian nosema bombycis nis 001 was amplified from genomic dna with a primer set based on the sequence of an inverse polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-derived fragment. in this fragment, ssu rdna was divided by a 618-bp insert at nt 599, and 5s rdna was located downstream of the ssu rdna, fragmented by 284-bp intergenic spacer. in addition, the 48-bp 3'-end of large subunit (lsu) rdna ... | 2004 | 15666716 |
| complete sequence and gene organization of the nosema spodopterae rrna gene. | by sequencing the entire ribosomal rna (rrna) gene of nosema spodopterae, we show here that its gene organization follows a pattern similar to the nosema type species, nosema bombycis, i.e. 5'-large subunit rrna (2,497 bp)-internal transcribed spacer (185 bp)-small subunit rrna (1,232 bp)-intergenic spacer (277 bp)-5s rrna (114 bp)-3'. gene sequences and the secondary structures of large subunit rrna, small subunit rrna, and 5s rrna are compared with the known corresponding sequences and structu ... | 2005 | 15702980 |
| morphological and molecular investigations of tubulinosema ratisbonensis gen. nov., sp. nov. (microsporidia: tubulinosematidae fam. nov.), a parasite infecting a laboratory colony of drosophila melanogaster (diptera: drosophilidae). | a new species of microsporidia from drosophila melanogaster was investigated by light and electron microscopy and by ribosomal rna (rrna) sequencing. this microsporidium and the previously described nosema kingi and nosema acridophagus have been transferred to the new genus tubulinosema gen. nov. with the following characters: nuclei are in diplokaryotic arrangement during the life cycle. all stages are in direct contact with the host cell cytoplasm, slightly anisofilar polar tube with the last ... | 2005 | 15817119 |
| characterization and phylogenetic relationships among microsporidia infecting silkworm, bombyx mori, using inter simple sequence repeat (issr) and small subunit rrna (ssu-rrna) sequence analysis. | this study is the first report on the genetic characterization and relationships among different microsporidia infecting the silkworm, bombyx mori, using inter simple sequence repeat pcr (issr-pcr) analysis. six different microsporidians were distinguished through molecular dna typing using issr-pcr. thus, issr-pcr analysis can be a powerful tool to detect polymorphisms and identify microsporidians, which are difficult to study with microscopy because of their extremely small size. of the 100 is ... | 2005 | 16121233 |
| morphological and molecular characterization of a new microsporidian (protozoa: microsporidia) isolated from spodoptera litura (fabricius) (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | a microsporidium was isolated from larvae of spodoptera litura (fabricius) collected from tamil nadu, india. this microsporidian species is monomorphic, disporous and develops in direct contact with the cytoplasm of the host cell. the nuclear configuration of merogonic and sporogonic stages was diplokaryotic. the merogonic proliferative stage was unusual that normal development with 1, 2 and 4 binucleated forms were common, while large multinucleate meronts containing 8 and 12 small compact hors ... | 2006 | 16469201 |
| the varying microsporidian genome: existence of long-terminal repeat retrotransposon in domesticated silkworm parasite nosema bombycis. | microsporidia are a group of intracellular parasites with an extremely compact genome and there is no confirmed evidence that retroelements are parasitised in these organisms. using the dataset of 200,000 genomic shotgun reads of the silkworm pebrine nosema bombycis, we have identified the eight complete n. bombycis long-terminal repeat retrotransposon (nbr) elements. all of the nbr elements are ty3/gypsy members and have close relationships to saccharomycetes long-terminal repeat retrotransposo ... | 2006 | 16797019 |
| a proteomic-based approach for the characterization of some major structural proteins involved in host-parasite relationships from the silkworm parasite nosema bombycis (microsporidia). | nosema bombycis is the causative agent of the silkworm bombyx mori pebrine disease which inflicts severe worldwide economical losses in sericulture. little is known about host-parasite interactions at the molecular level for this spore-forming obligate intracellular parasite which belongs to the fungi-related microsporidia phylum. major microsporidian structural proteins from the spore wall (sw) and the polar tube (pt) are known to be involved in host invasion. we developed a proteomic-based app ... | 2007 | 17407187 |
| [occurrence of nosema bombycis (naegeli, 1857) in silkworms in turkey]. | nosema bombycis (naegeli, 1857) is the causative agent of the "pebrine disease" in silkworms. n. bombycis spores were found in silkworm samples originating from the hatay, bursa and bilecik provinces. clinical signs were observed in the infected silkworm larvae. because of the transovarial transmission risk, all the infected silkworm colonies were destroyed. | 2007 | 17471418 |
| effects of a novel anti-exospore monoclonal antibody on microsporidial nosema bombycis germination and reproduction in vitro. | a monoclonal antibody (mab) 3c2, against an exospore protein of the microsporidium nosema bombycis (n. bombycis) was prepared, and its effects on microsporidial germination and reproduction in vitro were studied. mab 3c2 was effective in inhibiting the germination and subsequent infection of bombyx mori cells compared to the control mab. the antigen was isolated by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis. immunoblotting revealed it to be an 84 kda protein corresponding to pi (7.2) on the 2-d gel. the ... | 2007 | 17577423 |
| a complete sec61 complex in nosema bombycis and its comparative genomics analyses. | we characterized a complete sec61 complex in nosema bombycis, which has been shown to consist of sec61alpha, sec61beta, and sec61gamma genes. comparing the genomic regions that harbor the respective subunit genes between n. bombycis, encephalitozoon cuniculi, and antonospora locustae, we found that microsporidian genomes have high degree of synteny in short genomic fragment, and that this gene synteny in general might exist throughout microsporidian genomes. | 2007 | 17669164 |
| proteomic analysis of spore wall proteins and identification of two spore wall proteins from nosema bombycis (microsporidia). | microsporidia are fungal-like unicellular eukaryotes which develop as obligate intracellular parasites. they differentiate into resistant spores that are protected by a thick spore wall composed of a glycoprotein-rich outer layer or exospore and a chitin-rich inner layer or endospore. in this study performed on the silkworm pathogen nosema bombycis, we analyzed the spore wall proteins (swps) by proteomic-based approaches, maldi-tof ms and lc-ms/ms, and 14 hypothetical spore wall proteins (hswps) ... | 2008 | 18563739 |
| multiple rdna units distributed on all chromosomes of nosema bombycis. | among microsporidia, nosema bombycis has a novel arrangement of lsurrna, ssurrna, its, igs and 5srrna. to determine the distribution of rdna among the chromosomes, we performed genome-wide screening and southern blotting with three probes (ssu, its and igs). southern blotting revealed that ribosomal rna genes are distributed on all chromosomes of n. bombycis, which is contrary to the previous result, which concluded that the n. bombycis rrna genes were limited to a single chromosome. this wide d ... | 2008 | 18640121 |
| [characterization and analysis of mitochondrial protein frataxin in nosema bombycis]. | frataxin protein is a component of fe-s clusters and closely related to metabolism of mitochondria. we identified an integrity mitochondrial protein frataxin gene (nbfra), analyzed its phylogenetic relationship, and confirmed the transcriptase activity of nbfra in n. bombycis. | 2008 | 18652292 |
| identification of a novel spore wall protein (swp26) from microsporidia nosema bombycis. | microsporidia are obligate intracellular parasites related to fungi with resistant spores against various environmental stresses. the rigid spore walls of these organisms are composed of two major layers, which are the exospore and the endospore. two spore wall proteins (the endosporal protein-swp30 and the exosporal protein-swp32) have been previously identified in nosema bombycis. in this study, using the maldi-tof-ms technique, we have characterised a new 25.7-kda spore wall protein (swp26) r ... | 2009 | 18854188 |
| morphological and molecular studies of a microsporidium (nosema sp.) isolated from the thee spot grass yellow butterfly, eurema blanda arsakia (lepidoptera: pieridae). | a microsporidium possessing molecular and morphological characteristics of the genus nosema was isolated from larvae of the thee-spot grass yellow butterfly, eurema blanda arsakia. the complete rrna gene sequences of the e. blanda isolate contained 4,428 base pairs (genbank accession no. eu338534). the organization of the rrna genes is lsu rrna-its-ssu rrna-igs-5s, which corresponds with that of nosema species closely related to nosema bombycis. phylogenetic analysis based on rrna gene sequences ... | 2009 | 19041874 |
| swp25, a novel protein associated with the nosema bombycis endospore. | microsporidia are eukaryotic, obligate intracellular, spore-forming parasites. the resistant spores, which harbor a rigid cell wall, are critical for their host-to-host transmission and persistence in the environment. the spore wall comprises two major layers: the exospore and the endospore. in nosema bombycis, two spore wall proteins have been characterized--an endosporal protein, swp30, and an exosporal protein, swp32. here, we report the identification of the third spore wall protein of n. bo ... | 2009 | 19457051 |
| molecular diagnostic tests for microsporidia. | the microsporidia are a ubiquitous group of eukaryotic obligate intracellular parasites which were recognized over 100 years ago with the description of nosema bombycis, a parasite of silkworms. it is now appreciated that these organisms are related to the fungi. microsporidia infect all major animal groups most often as gastrointestinal pathogens; however they have been reported from every tissue and organ, and their spores are common in environmental sources such as ditch water. several differ ... | 2009 | 19657457 |
| [identification of a new serpin gene (nbspn106) from nosema bombycis]. | serpins from pathogens have been implicated in evasion of the host immune system. we identified a new serpin protein (nbspn106), analyzed its sequences, and detected using western blotting. | 2009 | 19673407 |
| characterization of a new insect cell line (ntu-yb) derived from the common grass yellow butterfly, eurema hecabe (linnaeus) (pieridae: lepidoptera) and its susceptibility to microsporidia. | a new lepidopteran cell line, ntu-yb, was derived from pupal tissue of eurema hecabe (linnaeus) (pieridae: lepidoptera). the doubling time of yb cells in tnm-fh medium supplemented with 8% fbs at 28 degrees c was 26.87h. the chromosome numbers of yb cells varied widely from 21 to 196 with a mean of 86. compared to other insect cell lines, the yb cells produced distinct esterase, malate dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase isozyme patterns. identity of the internal transcribed spacer region-i ... | 2009 | 19761771 |
| identification of nbme mite families: potential molecular markers in the microsporidia nosema bombycis. | six novel families of miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (mites) were characterized in the microsporidia nosema bombycis and were named nbmes. the structural characteristics and the distribution of nbme copies in the n. bombycis genome were investigated, and it was found that portions of nbmes are associated with gene sections. potential molecular markers for various n. bombycis strains were identified in this study through utilization of the mite-aflp technique. three distinct path ... | 2010 | 19861130 |
| [pathogenicity and genetic divergence of two isolates of microsporidia nosema bombycis]. | microsporidia nosema bombycis is a fungal pathogen that causes epidemic pebrine disease in bombyx mori. two n. bombycis isolates were obtained from two areas in china and showed different pathogenicity after spodoptera frugiperda sf9 cell cultivation. the regions of rdnas from different isolates were analyzed, suggesting no relationship between the genetic divergence and their geographic distributions. further analysis showed that several copies of ssu rdna units in n. bombycis were interrupted ... | 2009 | 19933093 |
| inactivation and mechanisms of chlorine dioxide on nosema bombycis. | biological tests demonstrated that the inactivation of nosema bombycis (n. bombycis) spores by chlorine dioxide (clo(2)) occurs very fast and is highly sensitive. the lowest effective inactivation dosage and time was 15mg/ml for 30min. the inactivation of spores was additionally verified by using double color fluorescence stain and spore germination testing. a series of biological changes, including a large number of substrates that were leaked out from the spores included proteins, dna, polysac ... | 2010 | 20036671 |
| phylogenetic analysis of complete rrna gene sequence of nosema philosamiae isolated from the lepidopteran philosamia cynthia ricini. | abstract. the microsporidian nosema philosamiae is a pathogen that infects the eri-silkworm philosamia cynthia ricini. the complete sequence of rrna gene (4,314 bp) was obtained by polymerase chain reaction amplification with specific primers and sequencing. the sequence analysis showed that the organization of the rrna of n. philosamiae was similar to the pattern of nosema bombycis. phylogenetic analysis of rrna gene sequences revealed that n. philosamiae had a close relationship with other nos ... | 2010 | 20384905 |
| natural selection maintains the transcribed ltr retrotransposons in nosema bombycis. | eight intact ltr retrotransposons (nbr1-nbr8) have been previously characterized from the genome of nosema bombycis, a eukaryotic parasite with a compact and reduced genome. here we describe six novel transcribed nbr elements (nbr9-nbr14) identified through either cdna library or rt-pcr. like previously determined ones, all of them belong to the ty3/gypsy superfamily. retrotransposon diversity and incomplete domains with insertions (nbr12), deletions (nbr11) and in-frame stop codons in coding re ... | 2010 | 20513631 |
| a tandem duplication of manganese superoxide dismutase in nosema bombycis and its evolutionary origins. | microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular eukaryotic parasites with small genomes. they infect animals from a wide variety of phyla, including humans. two manganese superoxide dismutase (mnsod) genes, designated nbmnsod1 and nbmnsod2, were found to be organized in a tandem array within the nosema bombycis genome. the genes, both 678 bp in length, were found to be more similar to each other than they are to homologous genes of other microsporidia, suggesting that the tandem duplication ... | 2010 | 20972560 |
| a new isolate of nosema sp. (microsporidia, nosematidae) from phyllobrotica armata baly (coleoptera, chrysomelidae) from china. | we studied the spore morphology and molecular systematics of a novel microsporidian isolate from phyllobrotica armata baly collected in china. the spores were long-oval and measured 4.7 × 2.6 μm on fresh smears. ultrastructure of the spores was characteristic for the genus nosema: 13-14 polar filament coils, posterior vacuole, and a diplokaryon. the complete rrna gene sequence of the isolate was 4308 bp long. the organization of the rrna gene was 5'-lsu rrna-its-ssu rrna-igs-5s-3', which corresp ... | 2010 | 21035452 |
| the nuclear apparatus and chromosomal dna of the microsporidian nosema antheraeae. | the microsporidian nosema antheraeae is a pathogen of the chinese oak silkmoth antheraea pernyi, the molecular karyotype of which is still poorly understood. here the diplokaryon of n. antheraeae strain np-yy has been visualized both by fluorescence and electron microscopy. in addition, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) showed that the haploid genome of n. antheraeae is approximately 9.3-9.5 million base pairs organized into 15 chromosomal bands. the mean fluorescence intensity of n. anthe ... | 2011 | 21382124 |
| development of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction for the simultaneous detection of microsporidians, nucleopolyhedrovirus, and densovirus infecting silkworms. | we have developed a novel pcr-based assay for individual and simultaneous detection of three major pathogens (microsporidians, nucleopolyhedrovirus (npv) and densovirus (dnv)) infecting the silkworm, bombyx mori. multiplex pcr, using three primer pairs, two of which were designed from the conserved regions of 16s small subunit ribosomal rna gene of microsporidians, and polyhedrin gene of npvs respectively, and a third primer pair designed from the internal sequences of b. mori dnvs (bmdnv), show ... | 2011 | 21570404 |
| ultrastructure, chromosomal karyotype, and molecular phylogeny of a new isolate of microsporidian vairimorpha sp. bm (microsporidia, nosematidae) from bombyx mori in china. | the spore morphology, chromosomal karyotype, and molecular systematic of a new microsporidian which was isolated from the domesticated silkworm bombyx mori (lepidoptera: bombycidae) in shandong, china have been studied. the spores were long oval and measured 3.4 × 1.6 μm on fresh smears. ultrastructure of the spores was characteristic for the genus vairimorpha: 13-15 polar filament coils, posterior vacuole, and a diplokaryon. six chromosome bands have been separated by pulsed field gel electroph ... | 2011 | 21633844 |
| identification of a nosema bombycis (microsporidia) spore wall protein corresponding to spore phagocytosis. | summarylife-cycle stages of the microsporidia nosema bombycis, the pathogen causing silkworm pebrine, were separated and purified by an improved method of percoll-gradient centrifugation. soluble protein fractions of late sporoblasts (spore precursor cells) and mature spores were analysed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2d-page). protein spots were recovered from gels and analysed by mass spectrometry. the most abundant differential protein spot was identified by database ... | 2011 | 21756420 |
| Complete sequence and gene organization of the Nosema heliothidis ribosomal RNA gene region. | By sequencing the entire ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene region of Nosema heliothidis isolated from cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera), we showed that its gene organization is similar to the type species, Nosema bombycis: the 5'-large subunit rRNA (2,490 bp)-internal transcribed spacer (192 bp)-small subunit rRNA (1,232 bp)-intergenic spacer (274 bp)-5S rRNA (115 bp)-3'. We constructed two phylogenetic trees, analyzed phylogenetic relationships, examined rRNA organization of microsporidia, and com ... | 2011 | 21895841 |
| swp5, a spore wall protein interacts with the polar tube proteins in the parasitic microsporidium nosema bombycis. | microsporidia are a group of eukaryotic intracellular parasites that infect almost all vertebrates and invertebrates. microsporidian invasion process involved the extrusion of a unique polar tube into the host cells. both spore wall and polar tube play an important role in microsporidia pathogenesis. so far, five spore wall proteins (swp1, swp2, enp1, enp2 and eccda) from encephalitozoon intestinalis and encephalitozoon cuniculi, and five spore wall proteins (swp32, swp30, swp26, swp25 and nbswp ... | 2011 | 22140229 |
| pathogenicity of nosema sp. (microsporidia) in the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (lepidoptera: plutellidae). | biological control using pathogenic microsporidia could be an alternative to chemical control of the diamondback moth (dbm) plutella xylostella (lepidoptera: plutellidae). the microsporidium nosema bombycis (nb) is one of the numerous pathogens that can be used in the integrated pest management (ipm) of dbm. however, its pathogenicity or effectiveness can be influenced by various factors, particularly temperature. this study was therefore conducted to investigate the effect of temperature on nb ... | 2013 | 23675435 |
| comparative analysis of the proteins with tandem repeats from 8 microsporidia and characterization of a novel endospore wall protein colocalizing with polar tube from nosema bombycis. | as a common feature of eukaryotic proteins, tandem amino acid repeat has been studied extensively in both animal and plant proteins. here, a comparative analysis focusing on the proteins having tandem repeats was conducted in 8 microsporidia, including four mammal-infecting microsporidia (encephalitozoon cuniculi, encephalitozoon intestinalis, encephalitozoon hellem and encephalitozoon bieneusi) and four insect-infecting microsporidia (nosema apis, nosema ceranae, vavraia culicis and nosema bomb ... | 2017 | 28321967 |
| comparative analysis of codon usage bias patterns in microsporidian genomes. | the sub-3 mbp genomes from microsporidian species of the encephalitozoon genus are the smallest known among eukaryotes and paragons of genomic reduction and compaction in parasites. however, their diminutive stature is not characteristic of all microsporidia, whose genome sizes vary by an order of magnitude. this large variability suggests that different evolutionary forces are applied on the group as a whole. in this study, we have compared the codon usage bias (cub) between eight taxonomically ... | 2015 | 26057384 |
| morphological and molecular characterization of nosema pernyi, a microsporidian parasite in antheraea pernyi. | nosema pernyi is a lethal pathogen that causes microsporidiosis in the chinese oak silkworm, antheraea pernyi. in this study, we presented its morphological and some molecular characteristics. the mature spores were measured to be 4.36 × 1.49 μm. the spore wall consisted of an electron-dense exospore (ex) and electron-lucent endospore (en) layer. the polar filament (pf) was isofilar with 10-12 coils that were frequently arranged in a single row. investigation results indicated that n. pernyi can ... | 2015 | 26044882 |
| genome-wide identification and comprehensive analyses of the kinomes in four pathogenic microsporidia species. | microsporidia have attracted considerable attention because they infect a wide range of hosts, from invertebrates to vertebrates, and cause serious human diseases and major economic losses in the livestock industry. there are no prospective drugs to counteract this pathogen. eukaryotic protein kinases (epks) play a central role in regulating many essential cellular processes and are therefore potential drug targets. in this study, a comprehensive summary and comparative analysis of the protein k ... | 2014 | 25549259 |
| new evidence on the relationship between microsporidia and fungi: a genome-wide analysis by darkhorse software. | microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular eukaryotic parasites that infect a wide variety of species, including humans. phylogenetic analysis indicates a relationship between the microsporidia and the fungi. however, most results are based on the analysis of relatively few genes. darkhorse analysis involves the transformation of blast results into a lineage probability index (lpi) value and allows for the comparison of genes for an entire genome with those of other genomes. thus, we ca ... | 2014 | 25134955 |
| bacterium-expressed dsrna downregulates microsporidia nosema bombycis gene expression. | the microsporidia nosema bombycis is the insect pathogen of pebrine disease severely destructive to sericulture production. here, we describe the use of escherichia coli ht115 strain (de3) to express double-strand rnas targeting the gene encoding adp/atp protein in n. bombycis. the results showed that dsrnas deferentially suppressed the gene expression during n. bombycis infection in the silkworm, and the effect waned gradually. our results, for the first time, provide a tool to utilize the dsrn ... | 2017 | 27397809 |
| identification, diversity and evolution of mites in the genomes of microsporidian nosema parasites. | miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (mites) are short, non-autonomous dna transposons, which are widespread in most eukaryotic genomes. however, genome-wide identification, origin and evolution of mites remain largely obscure in microsporidia. in this study, we investigated structural features for de novo identification of mites in genomes of silkworm microsporidia nosema bombycis and nosema antheraeae, as well as a honeybee microsporidia nosema ceranae. a total of 1490, 149 and 83 m ... | 2015 | 25898273 |
| morphological characterization and hsp70-, igs-based phylogenetic analysis of two microsporidian parasites isolated from antheraea pernyi. | two microsporidian isolates were extracted from single infected egg-laying tussah silk moth (antheraea pernyi) in liaoning province, china. the microsporidia were subsequently grown in silk moth larvae, isolated, and subjected to morphological characterization (by light and transmission electron microscopy) and phylogenetic analysis (based on conserved genes). one type of spore was long-axis-oval in shape, measuring 4.71 × 1.95 μm, and the other type was short-axis-oval, measuring 3.64 × 2.17 μm ... | 2017 | 28111712 |
| interaction between swp9 and polar tube proteins of the microsporidian nosema bombycis and function of swp9 as a scaffolding protein contribute to polar tube tethering to the spore wall. | all microsporidia possess a unique, highly specialized invasion mechanism that involves the polar tube and spore wall. the interaction between spore wall proteins (swps) and polar tube proteins (ptps) in the formation, arrangement, orderly orientation, and function of the polar tube and spore wall remains to be determined. this study was undertaken to examine the protein interactions of nosema bombycis swp7 (nbswp7), nbswp9, and ptps. coimmunoprecipitation, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spec ... | 2017 | 28031263 |
| ricin-b-lectin enhances microsporidia nosema bombycis infection in bmn cells from silkworm bombyx mori. | nosema bombycis is an obligate intracellular parasitic fungus that utilizes a distinctive mechanism to infect bombyx mori spore germination can be used for host cell invasion; however, the detailed mechanism remains to be elucidated. the ricin-b-lectin (rbl) gene is significantly differentially regulated after n. bombycis spore germination, and nbrbl might play roles in spore germination and infection. in this study, the biological function of nbrbl was examined. protein sequence analysis showed ... | 2016 | 27649890 |
| quantitative proteomic analysis of germination of nosema bombycis spores under extremely alkaline conditions. | the microsporidian nosema bombycis is an obligate intracellular pathogen of the silkworm bombyx mori, causing the epidemic disease pebrine and extensive economic losses in sericulture. although n. bombycis forms spores with rigid spore walls that protect against various environmental pressures, ingested spores germinate immediately under the extremely alkaline host gut condition (lepidoptera gut ph > 10.5), which is a key developmental turning point from dormant state to infected state. however, ... | 2016 | 27708628 |
| exogenous gene can be integrated into nosema bombycis genome by mediating with a non-transposon vector. | nosema bombycis, a microsporidium, is a pathogen of pebrine disease of silkworms, and its genomic dna sequences had been determined. thus far, the research of gene functions of microsporidium including n. bombycis cannot be performed with gain/loss of function. in the present study, we targeted to construct transgenic n. bombycis. therefore, hemocytes of the infected silkworm were transfected with a non-transposon vector pizt/v5-his vector in vivo, and the blood, in which the hemocyte with green ... | 2016 | 27083186 |
| an amplified electrochemical proximity immunoassay for the total protein of nosema bombycis based on the catalytic activity of fe3o4nps towards methylene blue. | a simple electrochemical proximity immunoassay (ecpa) system for the total protein of nosema bombycis (tp n.b) detection has been developed on the basis of a new amplification strategy combined with target-induced proximity hybridization. the desirable ecpa system was achieved through following process: firstly, the methylene blue (mb) labeled hairpin dna (mb-dna) were immobilized on electrode through au-s bonding. then, the antibody labeled complementary single-stranded dna probe (ab1-s1) hybri ... | 2016 | 26994365 |
| transcriptome sequencing and characterization of ungerminated and germinated spores of nosema bombycis. | nosema bombycis is an obligate intracellular parasitic fungus that utilizes a distinctive mechanism to infect bombyx mori. germination, an indispensible process through which microsporidia infect the host cells, is regarded as a key developmental turning point for microsporidia from dormant state to reproduction state. thus, elucidating the transcriptome changes before and after germination is crucial for parasite control. however, the molecular basis of germination of microsporidia remains unkn ... | 2016 | 26837419 |
| quantitative pcr for detection of nosema bombycis in single silkworm eggs and newly hatched larvae. | pebrine disease is the only mandatory quarantine item in sericultural production due to its destructive consequences. so far, the mother moth microscopic examination method established by pasteur (1870) remains the only detection method for screening for the causative agent nosema bombycis (n. bombycis). because pebrine is a horizontal and vertical transmission disease, it is better to inspect silkworm eggs and newly hatched larvae to investigate the infection rate, vertical transmission rate an ... | 2016 | 26658327 |
| tracing phosphate ions generated during loop-mediated isothermal amplification for electrochemical detection of nosema bombycis genomic dna ptp1. | traditionally, amplified dna detection in a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) was carried out in a complicated gel electrophoresis or with expensive fluorescence-based methods. here, instead of direct detection that relies on amplified dna, the indirect detection based on tracing phosphate ions (pi) generated during lamp by using an electrochemical method has been proposed for sensitive nucleic acid detection. pyrophosphate (ppi) as the byproduct of nucleic acid polymerization reacti ... | 2015 | 26412581 |
| nosema sp. pm-1, a new isolate of microsporidian from infected papilio machaon linnaeus, based on ultrastructure and molecular identification. | a new microsporidium, nosema sp. pm-1, was first isolated from papilio machaon linnaeus. the spore shape of the pm-1 isolate was a long oval with an average size of 3.22 μm × 1.96 μm. ultrastructure observation showed that pm-1 had a typical nosema common diplokaryotic nuclei structure with 10-13 polar filament coils, spore wall, plasma membrane, and anchoring disk. the complete rrna gene sequences were obtained by polymerase chain reaction amplification and each rrna unit was arrayed as follows ... | 2015 | 26204003 |
| nosema bombycis (microsporidia) suppresses apoptosis in bmn cells (bombyx mori). | nosema bombycis (n. bombycis, nb) is a fungus-related and obligate intracellular parasite that causes chronic pebrine disease in the silkworm. after infecting the host, spores obtain energy from host cells and survive for several days. this symbiosis between the pathogen and the host cell suggests that n. bombycis prevents apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ros) production of host cells to create the optimal environmental conditions for its growth and development. in this study, different me ... | 2015 | 26188202 |
| characterization of a novel otubain-like protease with deubiquitination activity from nosema bombycis (microsporidia). | otubains are a recently identified family of deubiquitinating enzymes (dubs). they are involved in diverse biological processes including protein degradation, signal transduction, and cell immune response. several microsporidian genomes have been published in the last decade; however, little is known about the otubain-like protease in these widely-spread obligate intracellular parasites. here, we characterized a 25 kda otubain-like protease (nbotu1) from the microsporidian nosema bombycis, the p ... | 2015 | 26177898 |
| characterization of the first fungal glycosyl hydrolase family 19 chitinase (nbchia) from nosema bombycis (nb). | chitinases (ec 3.2.1.14), as one kind of glycosyl hydrolase, hydrolyze the β-(1,4) linkages of chitin. according to the sequence similarity, chitinases can be divided into glycoside hydrolase family 18 and family 19. here, a chitinase from nosema bombycis (nbchia) was cloned and purified by metal affinity chromatography and molecular exclusion chromatography. sequence analysis indicated that nbchia belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 19 class iv chitinase. the optimal ph and temperature of nbc ... | 2016 | 26108336 |
| development of a strategy for the identification of surface proteins in the pathogenic microsporidian nosema bombycis. | parasite-host interactions mediated by cell surface proteins have been implicated as a critical step in infections caused by the microsporidian nosema bombycis. such cell surface proteins are considered as promising diagnostic markers and targets for drug development. however, little research has specifically addressed surface proteome identification in microsporidia due to technical barriers. here, a combined strategy was developed to separate and identify the surface proteins of n. bombycis. b ... | 2015 | 25811320 |
| a monoclonal antibody that tracks endospore formation in the microsporidium nosema bombycis. | nosema bombycis, the first identified microsporidium, is a destructive pathogen of the silkworm bombyx mori and causes severe worldwide economic losses in sericulture. major microsporidian structural proteins, such as the spore wall protein (swp), are known to be involved in host invasion. in this study, the reactivity of the monoclonal antibody 2b10 was tested against an endospore protein of n. bombycis with a molecular weight size at 50-kda, using western blotting. the antigen was purified aft ... | 2015 | 25811182 |
| fe3o4nps mediated nonenzymatic electrochemical immunosensor for the total protein of nosema bombycis detection without addition of substrate. | in this work, we proposed a novel electrochemical immunosensor for sensitive detection of the total protein of nosema bombycis based on fe3o4 nanoparticles (fe3o4nps) as catalyst to electrocatalyze the reduction of methylene blue (mb) with the aid of fe3o4nps-dna dendrimers for the signal amplification. | 2015 | 25806964 |
| interaction and assembly of two novel proteins in the spore wall of the microsporidian species nosema bombycis and their roles in adherence to and infection of host cells. | microsporidia are obligate intracellular parasites with rigid spore walls that protect against various environmental pressures. despite an extensive description of the spore wall, little is known regarding the mechanism by which it is deposited or the role it plays in cell adhesion and infection. in this study, we report the identification and characterization of two novel spore wall proteins, swp7 and swp9, in the microsporidian species nosema bombycis. swp7 and swp9 are mainly localized to the ... | 2015 | 25605761 |
| redefinition of nosema pyrausta (perezia pyraustae paillot 1927) basing upon ultrastructural and molecular phylogenetic studies. | populations of european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis hübner) from krasnodar territory (southwestern russia) become regularly infected with nosema-like microsporidia. to identify the parasite, it was subjected to electron microscopy and small subunit ribosomal rna (ssu rrna) gene sequencing. the spore ultrastructure of the parasite was highly similar to nosema bombycis from china and nosema pyrausta from the usa. the nucleotide sequence of ssu rrna gene was identical to a microsporidium isolate ... | 2015 | 25563606 |
| morphological and phylogenetic analysis of nosema sp. hr (microsporidia, nosematidae): a new microsporidian pathogen of histia rhodope cramer (lepidoptera, zygaenidae). | a new microsporidium was isolated from histia rhodope cramer (lepidoptera, zygaenidae), a pest of bischofia javanica bl. in china. the morphology and molecular systematic of this novel microsporidian isolate had been described in this study. the spores were long oval and measured 3.1 × 1.9 μm on fresh smears. ultrastructure of the spores was characteristic for the genus nosema: 14-15 polar filament coils, posterior vacuole, and a diplokaryon. the sequenced rrna gene of this isolate is 4309 bp lo ... | 2015 | 25538023 |
| l-cysteine induced hemin/g-quadruplex concatemers electrocatalytic amplification with pt-pd supported on fullerene as a nanocarrier for sensing the spore wall protein of nosema bombycis. | this work described a pseudobienzyme electrocatalytically amplified immunosensor for sensing the spore wall protein of nosema bombycis by adopting l-cysteine as the electrocatalytic substance to generate h2o2in situ with the aid of hemin/g-quadruplex concatemers loaded onto c60@pt-pd. the hemin/g-quadruplex here is also acting as the probe for electrochemical signal output. | 2015 | 25473932 |
| using the ubiquitous ph meter combined with a loop mediated isothermal amplification method for facile and sensitive detection of nosema bombycis genomic dna ptp1. | here we show an amplification-coupled detection method for directly measuring released hydrogen ions during the loop mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) procedure by using a ph meter. the genomic dna of nosema bombycis (n. bombycis) was amplified and detected by employing this lamp-ph meter platform for the first time. | 2014 | 25381873 |
| characterization of a novel spore wall protein nbswp16 with proline-rich tandem repeats from nosema bombycis (microsporidia). | nosema bombycis, a pathogen of silkworm pebrine, is an obligate unicellular eukaryotic parasite. it is reported that the spore wall proteins have essential functions in the adherence and infection process of microsporidia. to date, the information related to spore wall proteins from microsporidia is still limited. here, a 44 kda spore wall protein nbswp16 was characterized in n. bombycis. in nbswp16, a 25 amino acids signal peptide and 3 heparin binding motifs were predicted. interestingly, a re ... | 2015 | 25363531 |
| early responses of silkworm midgut to microsporidium infection--a digital gene expression analysis. | host-pathogen interactions are complex processes, which have been studied extensively in recent years. in insects, the midgut is a vital organ of digestion and nutrient absorption, and also serves as the first physiological and immune barrier against invading pathogenic microorganisms. our focus is on nosema bombycis, which is a pathogen of silkworm pebrine and causes great economic losses to the silk industry. a complete understanding of the host response to infection by n. bombycis and the int ... | 2015 | 25315610 |
| proteomic analysis of bmn cells (bombyx mori) in response to infection with nosema bombycis. | nosema bombycis (n. bombycis, nb) is an obligate intracellular parasite, which can cause pebrine disease in the silkworm. to investigate the effects of n. bombycis infection on the host cells, proteomes from bmn cells that had or had not been infected with n. bombycis at different infection stages were characterized with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and maldi-tof/tof mass spectrometry, which identified 24 differentially expressed host proteins with significant intensity differences (p < 0 ... | 2014 | 25267721 |
| identification of a microspordium isolated from megacopta cribraria (hemiptera: plataspidae) and characterization of its pathogenicity in silkworms. | a new microsporidium isolated from megacopta cribraria was characterized by both biological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis. moreover, its pathogenicity to silkworms was also studied. the spores are oval in shape and measured 3.64 ± 0.2 × 2.20 ± 0.2 μm in size. its ultrastructure is characteristic of the genus nosema: a diplokaryon, 13-14 polar filament coils and posterior vacuole. its life cycle includes meronts, sporonts, sporoblasts and mature spores, with a typical diplokaryon in e ... | 2014 | 25173855 |
| detection of nosema bombycis by fta cards and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp). | we successfully established a detection method which exhibited a markedly higher sensitivity than previously developed detection methods for nosema bombycis by combining glass beads, fta card, and lamp. spores of n. bombycis were first broken by acid-washed glass beads; the dna was subsequently extracted and purified with the fta card, and lamp was performed using primers (lsu296) designed based on the sequence of the lsu rrna of n. bombycis. the minimum detection concentration was 10 spores/ml. ... | 2014 | 24894906 |
| evidence of horizontal transfer of non-autonomous lep1 helitrons facilitated by host-parasite interactions. | horizontal transfer (ht) of transposable elements has been recognized to be a major force driving genomic variation and biological innovation of eukaryotic organisms. however, the mechanisms of ht in eukaryotes remain poorly appreciated. the non-autonomous helitron family, lep1, has been found to be widespread in lepidopteran species, and showed little interspecific sequence similarity of acquired sequences at 3' end, which makes lep1 a good candidate for the study of ht. in this study, we descr ... | 2014 | 24874102 |
| nbhswp11, a microsporidia nosema bombycis protein, localizing in the spore wall and membranes, reduces spore adherence to host cell bme. | microsporidia are obligate intracellular parasites, and a derivative of fungi, which harbor a rigid spore wall to resist adverse environmental pressures. the spore wall protein, which is thought to be the first and direct protein interacting with the host cell, may play a key role in the process of microsporidia infection. in this study, we report a protein, nbhswp11, with a dnaj domain. the protein also has 6 heparin-binding motifs which are known to interact with extracellular glycosaminoglyca ... | 2014 | 24813020 |
| electrochemical immunosensor for detecting the spore wall protein of nosema bombycis based on the amplification of hemin/g-quadruplex dnazyme concatamers functionalized pt@pd nanowires. | in this work, an ultrasensitive electrochemical immunosensor for detecting the pebrine disease related spore wall protein of nosema bombycis (swp n.b) was fabricated based on the amplification of hemin/g-quadruplex functionalized pt@pd nanowires (pt@pdnws). the synthesized pt@pdnws possessed large surface area, which could effectively improve the immobilization amount of hemin/g-quadruplex dnazyme concatamers produced via hybridization chain reaction (hcr). in the presence of swp n.b, the hemin/ ... | 2014 | 24787126 |
| genome-wide transcriptional response of silkworm (bombyx mori) to infection by the microsporidian nosema bombycis. | microsporidia have attracted much attention because they infect a variety of species ranging from protists to mammals, including immunocompromised patients with aids or cancer. aside from the study on nosema ceranae, few works have focused on elucidating the mechanism in host response to microsporidia infection. nosema bombycis is a pathogen of silkworm pébrine that causes great economic losses to the silkworm industry. detailed understanding of the host (bombyx mori) response to infection by n. ... | 2013 | 24386341 |
| development of an approach to analyze the interaction between nosema bombycis (microsporidia) deproteinated chitin spore coats and spore wall proteins. | nosema bombycis is an obligate intracellular parasite of the bombyx mori insect. the spore wall of n. bombycis is composed of an electron-dense proteinaceous outer layer and an electron-transparent chitinous inner layer, and the spore wall is connected to the plasma membrane. in this study, the deproteinated chitin spore coats (dcscs) were acquired by boiling n. bombycis in 1m naoh. under a transmission electron microscope, the chitin spore coat resembles a loosely curled ring with strong refrac ... | 2014 | 24161881 |
| identification of a microsporidian isolate from cnaphalocrocis medinalis and its pathogenicity to bombyx mori. | a microsporidian, cmm2, was isolated from cnaphalocrocis medinalis. the biological characters, molecular analysis and pathogenicity of cmm2 were studied. the spore of cmm2 is long oval in shape and 3.45 ± 0.25 × 1.68 ± 0.18 µm in size, the life cycle includes meronts, sporonts, sporoblasts, and spores, with typical diplokaryon in each stage, propagated in binary fission. there is positive coagulation reaction between cmm2 and the polyclonal antibody of nosema bombycis (n.b.). cmm2 spores is binu ... | 2014 | 24114672 |
| identification of a novel chitin-binding spore wall protein (nbswp12) with a bar-2 domain from nosema bombycis (microsporidia). | the spore wall of nosema bombycis plays an important role in microsporidian pathogenesis. protein fractions from germinated spore coats were analysed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and maldi-tof/tof mass spectrometry. three protein spots were identified as the hypothetical spore wall protein nbhswp12. a bar-2 domain (e-value: 1.35e-03) was identified in the protein, and an n-terminal protein-heparin interaction motif, a potential n-glycosylation site, and 16 phosphorylatio ... | 2013 | 23920053 |
| ultrastructure and molecular characterization of the microsporidium, nosema chrysoperlae sp. nov., from the green lacewing, chrysoperla carnea (stephens) (neuroptera: chrysopidae) used for biological pest control. | lacewing larvae are generalist predators that are commercially available for aphid control on a variety of crops in both europe and north america. although lacewings are known for their symbiotic association with yeasts and bacteria, there are few reports of microsporidia in these natural enemies. an undescribed microsporidium was found in chrysoperla carnea (stephens) during the routine examination of specimens that were obtained from a commercial insectary for biological pest control. the obje ... | 2013 | 23727346 |
| identification of a protein interacting with the spore wall protein swp26 of nosema bombycis in a cultured bmn cell line of silkworm. | nosema bombycis is a silkworm parasite that causes severe economic damage to sericulture worldwide. it is the first microsporidia to be described in the literature, and to date, very little molecular information is available regarding microsporidian physiology and their relationships with their hosts. therefore, the interaction between the microsporidia n. bombycis and its host silkworm, bombyx mori, was analyzed in this study. the microsporidian spore wall proteins (swps) play a specific role i ... | 2013 | 23542093 |
| comparative genomics of parasitic silkworm microsporidia reveal an association between genome expansion and host adaptation. | microsporidian nosema bombycis has received much attention because the pébrine disease of domesticated silkworms results in great economic losses in the silkworm industry. so far, no effective treatment could be found for pébrine. compared to other known nosema parasites, n. bombycis can unusually parasitize a broad range of hosts. to gain some insights into the underlying genetic mechanism of pathological ability and host range expansion in this parasite, a comparative genomic approach is condu ... | 2013 | 23496955 |
| intraspecific polymorphism of rdna among five nosema bombycis isolates from different geographic regions in china. | the microsporidian nosema bombycis is the causative agent of pébrine, a highly infectious disease of the silkworm bombyx mori. three regions of the multicopy rdna gene were examined in order to investigate the relationships among five nosema isolates from various regions of china. ribosomal dna alleles are present on each of the 18 chromosomes of n. bombycis and show a high degree of variation. in this study the small subunit (ssu) rdna, internal transcribed spacer (its) and intergenic spacer (i ... | 2013 | 23399511 |
| characterization of active ribosomal rna harboring mites insertion in microsporidian nosema bombycis genome. | microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular parasites of medical and agricultural importance, which can infect almost all animals, including human beings. using the genome data of nosema bombycis, four families of miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (mites) in ribosomal dna (rdna) were characterized in the microsporidian n. bombycis and were named lsume1, itsme1, ssume1, and ssume2, respectively. the genome-wide investigation of these mites shows that these mites families dis ... | 2013 | 23254587 |
| characterization of a subtilisin-like protease with apical localization from microsporidian nosema bombycis. | the microsporidian nosema bombycis is the pathogen causing pébrine leading to heavy economic loss in sericulture. little is known of the proteases of microsporidia that are important for both parasite development and pathogenesis. here we identified a subtilisin-like serine protease nbslp1 which contains an inhibitor_i9 and a peptidase_s8 domain. three dimensional modeling of the catalytic domain of the nbslp1 exhibited a typical 3-layer sandwich structure with s1 pocket substituted by y(359). p ... | 2013 | 23178826 |
| molecular characterization and phylogenetic relationships among microsporidian isolates infecting silkworm, bombyx mori using small subunit rrna (ssu-rrna) gene sequence analysis. | the life cycle, spore morphology, pathogenicity, tissue specificity, mode of transmission and small subunit rrna (ssu-rrna) gene sequence analysis of the five new microsporidian isolates viz., niwb-11bp, niwb-12n, niwb-13md, niwb-14b and niwb-15mb identified from the silkworm, bombyx mori have been studied along with type species, nik-1s_mys. the life cycle of the microsporidians identified exhibited the sequential developmental cycles that are similar to the general developmental cycle of the g ... | 2012 | 23129193 |