| bat rabies in canada 1963-1967. | six hundred and twenty-eight insectivorous bats originating from seven provinces were submitted to this institute for rabies diagnosis between august 1, 1963 and december 31, 1967. brain tissue was examined by the fluorescent antibody technique and the mouse infectivity test was carried out with brain, salivary gland, interscapular adipose tissue and kidney samples. rabies virus was detected in 44 bats, 29 of which were from ontario, 12 from british columbia and three from manitoba. most of the ... | 1969 | 4242773 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 1998. | during 1998, 49 states, the district of columbia, and puerto rico reported 7,961 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 1 case in a human being to the centers for disease control and prevention, a decrease of 6.5% from 8,509 cases in nonhuman animals and 4 cases in human beings reported in 1997. more than 92% (7,358 cases) were in wild animals, whereas > 7.5% (603 cases) were in domestic species (compared with 93% in wild animals and 7% in domestic species in 1997). decreases were evident in al ... | 1999 | 10613210 |
| mammalian reservoirs and epidemiology of rabies diagnosed in human beings in the united states, 1981-1998. | between 1981 and 1998, 37 cases of rabies were diagnosed in human beings in the united states. information directly linking the cause of infection to animal bite was available for only eight of these cases. indirect incrimination of the vector by analysis of cdna sequences obtained by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction of samples indicated that for all cases (12/12) believed to have been acquired in foreign countries, variants of the rabies virus (vrvs) associated with dogs (7/12 in ... | 2000 | 11193644 |
| emerging epidemiology of bat-associated cryptic cases of rabies in humans in the united states. | in the united states, during the past half-century, the number of humans to die of rabies dramatically decreased to an average of 1-2 per year. although the number of deaths is low, most deaths occur because individuals are unaware that they had been exposed to and infected with rabies virus, and, therefore, they do not seek effective postexposure treatment. molecular epidemiological studies have linked most of these cryptic rabies exposures to rabies virus variants associated with insectivorous ... | 2002 | 12203172 |
| human rabies--tennessee, 2002. | on august 31,2002, a boy aged 13 years residing in franklin county, tennessee, died from rabies encephalitis caused by a rabies virus variant associated with silver-haired and eastern pipistrelle bats. this report summarizes the investigation by the tennessee department of health (tdh). persons should avoid direct contact with bats, other wildlife, and stray or ill domestic animals; however, if direct contact with bats has occurred, exposed persons should see their health-care provider, and the ... | 2002 | 12353742 |
| human rabies--iowa, 2002. | on september 28, 2002, a man aged 20 years residing in linn county, iowa, died from rabies encephalitis caused by infection with a variant of rabies virus associated with silver-haired (lasionycteris noctivagans) and eastern pipistrelle (pipistrellus subflavus) bats. this is the first case of human rabies in iowa since 1951. this report summarizes the investigation of the case by the linn county and iowa public health departments. bats found in living quarters should be submitted to local public ... | 2003 | 12570321 |
| emerging pattern of rabies deaths and increased viral infectivity. | most human rabies deaths in the united states can be attributed to unrecognized exposures to rabies viruses associated with bats, particularly those associated with two infrequently encountered bat species (lasionycteris noctivagans and pipistrellus subflavus). these human rabies cases tend to cluster in the southeastern and northwestern united states. in these regions, most rabies deaths associated with bats in nonhuman terrestrial mammals are also associated with virus variants specific to the ... | 2003 | 12603983 |
| trends in national surveillance for rabies among bats in the united states (1993-2000). | to describe surveillance trends and epidemiologic features of rabies in bats in the united states, focusing on 3 bat species primarily associated with variants of the rabies virus that affect humans. | 2003 | 12619845 |
| [a public health intervention at the time of a case of rabies in quebec]. | background: in the fall of 2000, a nine-year-old child living in montreal (québec) died of rabies encephalitis. cases of human rabies had not been reported in canada for 15 years. the molecular characterization of viral nucleic acid implicated the ln/ps variant associated with the silver-haired bat and the eastern pipistrelle. this article describes and analyzes the intervention carried out by public health. intervention and discussion: the investigation revealed that contact with the bat must h ... | 2004 | 15074906 |
| evolutionary timescale of rabies virus adaptation to north american bats inferred from the substitution rate of the nucleoprotein gene. | throughout north america, rabies virus (rv) is endemic in bats. distinct rv variants exist that are closely associated with infection of individual host species, such that there is little or no sustained spillover infection away from the primary host. using bayesian methodology, nucleotide substitution rates were estimated from alignments of partial nucleoprotein (n) gene sequences of nine distinct bat rv variants from north america. substitution rates ranged from 2.32 x 10(-4) to 1.38 x 10(-3) ... | 2005 | 15831959 |
| a new phylogenetic lineage of rabies virus associated with western pipistrelle bats (pipistrellus hesperus). | bats represent the major source of human rabies cases in the new world. in the usa, most cases are associated with species that are not commonly found or reported rabid. to understand better the epidemiology and public health significance of potentially important bat species, a molecular study was performed on samples collected from naturally infected rabid western pipistrelle (pipistrellus hesperus), eastern pipistrelle (pipistrellus subflavus) and silver-haired bats (lasionycteris noctivagans) ... | 2006 | 16847127 |
| molecular identification of blood-meal sources in culiseta melanura and culiseta morsitans from an endemic focus of eastern equine encephalitis virus in new york. | eastern equine encephalitis (eee) virus perpetuates in an enzootic cycle involving ornithophilic mosquito vectors, principally culiseta melanura (coquillett) and avian amplification hosts. to better understand the role of cs. melanura and culiseta morsitans (theobald) in the epizootiology of eee virus, we collected blood-fed mosquitoes between 31 may and 15 october 2004 at two sites associated with an eee virus focus in central new york and identified the source of vertebrate blood by nucleotide ... | 2006 | 17172382 |
| rabies in bats from alabama. | data on rabies virus infection in bats that were submitted to the alabama department of public health from 1995-2005 were analyzed. demographic factors, such as species and sex, and temporal aspects, such as yearly and monthly trends, were investigated. thirteen species of bats were submitted, and of those, individuals from seven species were rabid; prevalence was highest in lasiurus borealis and pipistrellus subflavus and lowest in eptesicus fuscus and nycticeius humeralis. there was no differe ... | 2007 | 17495316 |
| temperatures and locations used by hibernating bats, including myotis sodalis (indiana bat), in a limestone mine: implications for conservation and management. | understanding temperatures used by hibernating bats will aid conservation and management efforts for many species. a limestone mine with 71 km of passages, used as a hibernaculum by approximately 30,000 bats, was visited four times during a 6-year period. the mine had been surveyed and mapped; therefore, bats could be precisely located and temperatures (t (s)) of the entire hibernaculum ceiling accurately mapped. it was predicted that bats should hibernate between 5 and 10 degrees c to (1) use t ... | 2007 | 17874161 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 2008. | during 2008, 49 states and puerto rico reported 6,841 cases of rabies in animals and 2 cases in humans to the cdc, representing a 3.1% decrease from the 7,060 cases in animals and 1 case in a human reported in 2007. approximately 93% of the cases were in wildlife, and 7% were in domestic animals. relative contributions by the major animal groups were as follows: 2,389 (34.9%) raccoons, 1,806 (26.4%) bats, 1,589 (23.2%) skunks, 454 (6.6%) foxes, 294 (4.3%) cats, 75 (1.1%) dogs, and 59 (0.9%) catt ... | 2009 | 19751163 |
| human rabies - kentucky/indiana, 2009. | on october 19, 2009, clinicians from kentucky contacted cdc regarding a suspected case of rabies in a man from indiana aged 43 years. this report summarizes the patient's clinical presentation and course, the subsequent epidemiologic investigation, and, for the first time, provides infection control recommendations for personnel performing autopsies on decedents with confirmed or suspected rabies infection. before the patient's death on october 20, a diagnosis of rabies was suspected based on th ... | 2010 | 20379132 |
| metagenomic analysis of the viromes of three north american bat species: viral diversity among different bat species that share a common habitat. | effective prediction of future viral zoonoses requires an in-depth understanding of the heterologous viral population in key animal species that will likely serve as reservoir hosts or intermediates during the next viral epidemic. the importance of bats as natural hosts for several important viral zoonoses, including ebola, marburg, nipah, hendra, and rabies viruses and severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (sars-cov), has been established; however, the large viral population diversity ( ... | 2010 | 20926577 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 2010. | during 2010, 48 states and puerto rico reported 6,154 rabid animals and 2 human rabies cases to the cdc, representing an 8% decrease from the 6,690 rabid animals and 4 human cases reported in 2009. hawaii and mississippi did not report any laboratory-confirmed rabid animals during 2010. approximately 92% of reported rabid animals were wildlife. relative contributions by the major animal groups were as follows: 2,246 raccoons (36.5%), 1,448 skunks (23.5%), 1,430 bats (23.2%), 429 foxes (6.9%), 30 ... | 2011 | 21916759 |
| detection of pseudogymnoascus destructans on free-flying male bats captured during summer in the southeastern usa. | pseudogymnoascus destructans, the causal agent of white-nose syndrome (wns), is commonly found on bats captured both inside and outside caves during hibernation, a time when bats are most vulnerable to infection. it has not been documented in the southeast us on bats captured outside caves or on the landscape in summer. we collected 136 skin swabs from 10 species of bats captured at 20 sites on the tennessee side of great smoky mountains national park, 12 may-16 august 2015. three swabs were fou ... | 2016 | 27434413 |
| the effects of cutaneous fatty acids on the growth of pseudogymnoascus destructans, the etiological agent of white-nose syndrome (wns). | white nose syndrome (wns) greatly increases the over-winter mortality of little brown (myotis lucifugus), indiana (myotis sodalis), northern (myotis septentrionalis), and tricolored (perimyotis subflavus) bats. it is caused by a cutaneous infection with the fungus pseudogymnoascus destructans (pd). big brown bats (eptesicus fuscus) are much more resistant to cutaneous infection with pd, however. we thus conducted analyses of wing epidermis from hibernating e. fuscus and m. lucifugus to determine ... | 2016 | 27070905 |
| effects of white-nose syndrome on regional population patterns of 3 hibernating bat species. | hibernating bats have undergone severe recent declines across the eastern united states, but the cause of these regional-scale declines has not been systematically evaluated. we assessed the influence of white-nose syndrome (an emerging bat disease caused by the fungus pseudogymnoascus destructans, formerly geomyces destructans) on large-scale, long-term population patterns in the little brown myotis (myotis lucifugus), the northern myotis (myotis septentrionalis), and the tricolored bat (perimy ... | 2016 | 26872411 |
| efficacy of visual surveys for white-nose syndrome at bat hibernacula. | white-nose syndrome (wns) is an epizootic disease in hibernating bats caused by the fungus pseudogymnoascus destructans. surveillance for p. destructans at bat hibernacula consists primarily of visual surveys of bats, collection of potentially infected bats, and submission of these bats for laboratory testing. cryptic infections (bats that are infected but display no visual signs of fungus) could lead to the mischaracterization of the infection status of a site and the inadvertent spread of p. d ... | 2015 | 26197236 |
| rabies surveillance among bats in tennessee, usa, 1996-2010. | rabies virus (rabv) infects multiple bat species in the americas, and enzootic foci perpetuate in bats principally via intraspecific transmission. in recent years, bats have been implicated in over 90% of human rabies cases in the us. in tennessee, two human cases of rabies have occurred since 1960: one case in 1994 associated with a tricolored bat (perimyotis subflavus) rabv variant and another in 2002 associated with the tricolored/silver-haired bat (p. subflavus/lasionycteris noctivagans) rab ... | 2015 | 26251992 |
| functional interpretations of the radiographic anatomy of the femora of myotis lucifugus, pipistrellus subflavus, and blarina brevicauda. | radiographs of right femora from 29 shrews (blarina brevicauda) and 51 bats (27 myotis lucifugus, 14 pipistrellus subflavus) were analyzed to determine if bone in these small mammals conformed to bassett's ('68) revision of wolff's law. five external and four cortical dimensions were made on enlargements of radiographs of each femur. comparative descriptions of the spongiosa are given. external dimensions appear to be determined genetically, and, in bats, are closely related to functional demand ... | 1980 | 7405858 |
| the resistance of a north american bat species (eptesicus fuscus) to white-nose syndrome (wns). | white-nose syndrome (wns) is the primary cause of over-winter mortality for little brown (myotis lucifugus), northern (myotis septentrionalis), and tricolored (perimyotis subflavus) bats, and is due to cutaneous infection with the fungus pseudogymnoascus (geomyces) destructans (pd). cutaneous infection with p. destructans disrupts torpor patterns, which is thought to lead to a premature depletion of body fat reserve. field studies were conducted at 3 wns-affected hibernation sites to determine i ... | 2014 | 25437448 |
| monitoring seasonal bat activity on a coastal barrier island in maryland, usa. | research on effects of wind turbines on bats has increased dramatically in recent years because of significant numbers of bats killed by rotating wind turbine blades. whereas most research has focused on the midwest and inland portions of eastern north america, bat activity and migration on the atlantic coast has largely been unexamined. we used three long-term acoustic monitoring stations to determine seasonal bat activity patterns on the assateague island national seashore, a barrier island of ... | 2011 | 20364316 |
| observations on the pineal gland of the big brown bat, eptesicus fucus: possible correlation of melanin intensification with constant darkness. | our initial observation of the macroscopically pigmented pineal gland of the big brown bat, eptesicus fuscus, led to this study. information has been lacking on pigmentation in the pineal and its significance in mammals in general and bats in particular. this report begins to address this situation. | 1994 | 7825733 |
| synonymy of longibucca eptesica with longibucca lasiura (nematoda: rhabditoidea) and new host and geographic records. | the genus longibucca chitwood, 1933 (nematoda: rhabditoidea) is reviewed based on examination of museum and adult specimens collected from 4 species of bats (myotis lucifugus, myotis ciliolabrum, eptesicus fuscus, and lasionycteris noctivagans) in alberta, canada. two species are considered valid, namely longibucca vivipara chitwood, 1933, and longibucca lasiura mcintosh and chitwood, 1934. longibucca eptesica elsea, 1953 is considered a synonym of l. lasiura. new hosts of longibucca lasiura inc ... | 1994 | 8195954 |
| organochlorine residues in three bat species from four localities in maryland and west virginia, 1973. | in 1973, 119 bats of three species were collected from four localities in maryland and west virginia. the collection included 43 big brown bats (eptesicus fuscus), 43 little brown brown bats (myotis lucifugus), and 33 eastern pipistrelles (pipistrellus subflavus). the bats were collected from round top mountain, washington co., md.; trout cave, pendleton co., w. va.; montpelier barn, prince georges co., md. residues of sigmaddt were highest in carcasses of bats from round top mountain, which is ... | 1976 | 826874 |
| a new species of eimeria (apicomplexa: eimeriidae) from tri-colored bats, perimyotis subflavus (chiroptera: vespertilionidae), from the ouachitas of arkansas. | between february 2013 and october 2013, eleven tri-colored bats, perimyotis subflavus were collected from marion, polk, and searcy counties, arkansas, and their faeces examined for coccidian parasites. two of eleven (18%) harboured an eimerian that we describe here as new. oocysts of eimeria mcdanieli sp. n. were ellipsoidal to elongate with a bi-layered wall and measured (length × width, l × w) 28.3 × 17.9 μm, with an l/w ratio of 1.6. a micropyle and oocyst residuum were absent but a single po ... | 2014 | 25236281 |
| a new species of eimeria (apicomplexa: eimeriidae) from the eastern pipistrelle, perimyotis subflavus (chiroptera: vespertilionidae), in arkansas. | during november 2009 and march 2010, 20 adult eastern pipistrelles, perimyotis (= pipistrellus) subflavus, were collected from polk county, arkansas, and their feces were examined for coccidian parasites. two (10%) of the bats were found to be passing oocysts of an undescribed species of eimeria. oocysts of eimeria heidti n. sp. were ovoidal to ellipsoidal, 26.1 × 20.5 µm (23-31 × 18-23 µm), with a bilayered wall, externally rough, internally smooth, and with a shape index of 1.3. micropyle and ... | 2011 | 21506799 |
| winter ecology of ectoparasites collected from hibernating myotis velifer (allen) in southwestern oklahoma (chiroptera: vespertilionidae. | during the winter of 1971-72, trichobius major, t, corynorhini, mydopsylla collinsi, macronyssus crosbyi, m. unidens, paraspinturnix globosus, spinturnix carloshoffmani, ornithodoros sp., albeckia senase, nycteriglyphus sp. a, and olabidocarpus sp. were quantitatively collected from hibernating myotis velifer, plecotus townsendii, and pipistrellus subflavus. significantly greater numbers of s. carloshoffmani and m. crosbyi were found on female m. velifer, while greater numbers of p. globosus wer ... | 1976 | 957042 |
| eimeria macyi sp. n. (protozoa: eimeriidae) from the eastern pipistrelle, pipistrellus subflavus, from alabama. | the subspherical to broadly ellipsoidal oocysts of eimeria macyi measure 16 to 21 by 15 to 19 mu (mean 19.0 by 17.6 mu), and sporocysts measure 10 to 12 by 6 to 8 mu (mean 11.0 by 7.0 mu). the rough walled oocysts lack a micropyle and residuum, but a sporocyst residuum and polar granule are present. this is the first description of coccidian oocysts from the genus pipistrellus. | 1975 | 1185436 |
| winter activity of coastal plain populations of bat species affected by white-nose syndrome and wind energy facilities. | across the entire distribution of a species, populations may have variable responses to environmental perturbations. many bat species experience mortality in large portions of their range during hibernation and along migratory paths to and from wintering grounds, from white-nose syndrome (wns) and wind energy development, respectively. in some areas, warm temperatures may allow bats to remain active through winter, thus decreasing their susceptibility to wns and/or mortality associated with migr ... | 2016 | 27851832 |
| evidence supporting a zoonotic origin of human coronavirus strain nl63. | the relationship between bats and coronaviruses (covs) has received considerable attention since the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-like cov was identified in the chinese horseshoe bat (rhinolophidae) in 2005. since then, several bats throughout the world have been shown to shed cov sequences, and presumably covs, in the feces; however, no bat covs have been isolated from nature. moreover, there are very few bat cell lines or reagents available for investigating cov replication in bat ... | 2012 | 22993147 |
| improved analysis of long-term monitoring data demonstrates marked regional declines of bat populations in the eastern united states. | bats are diverse and ecologically important, but are also subject to a suite of severe threats. evidence for localized bat mortality from these threats is well-documented in some cases, but long-term changes in regional populations of bats remain poorly understood. bat hibernation surveys provide an opportunity to improve understanding, but analysis is complicated by bats' cryptic nature, non-conformity of count data to assumptions of traditional statistical methods, and observation heterogeneit ... | 2013 | 23805192 |
| evidence of latitudinal migration in tri-colored bats, perimyotis subflavus. | annual movements of tri-colored bats (perimyotis subflavus) are poorly understood. while this species has been considered a regional migrant, some evidence suggests that it may undertake annual latitudinal migrations, similar to other long distance north american migratory bat species. | 2012 | 22384019 |
| reproduction of the male eastern pipistrelle, pipistrellus subflavus, in the north-eastern united states. | the major reproductive events in the male eastern pipistrelle, are similar to those of other hibernating vespertilionids. the eastern pipistrelle stores epididymal spermatozoa throughout hibernation, a time when the testes are involuted but accessory gland activity is maintained. however, this species differs from others in that epididymal and testicular spermatozoa persist longer and the weights of the accessory glands are not strongly differentiated between winter and spring/summer. it is sugg ... | 1986 | 3944811 |
| pulmonary design in a microchiropteran bat (pipistrellus subflavus) during hibernation. | the eastern pipistrelle (pipistrellus subflavus) is typical of exceptionally small bats capable of a 30-fold range in aerobic metabolism as they arouse from hypothermia and sustain foraging flight. this report describes their basic lung structure and the extent to which this organ is protected from protein depletion during hibernation. bats were collected at the beginning (fall), middle (winter), and end (spring) of hibernation from a permanent overwintering cave, and analyzed within several day ... | 1985 | 3992064 |
| the ultrastructure of the sinu-atrial node of the bat. | the sinu-atrial node (san) of the bat, pipistrellus subflavus, is capable of generating a wide range of spontaneous activity varying from 20 bpm when hibernating to bursts of 800 bpm during active flight. electrophysiological studies have shown an absence of arrhythmias even below 4 degrees c body temperature. in order to determine whether these physiological capabilities are based upon unique ultrastructural features of the bat san, the present study was conducted. we found that the structure o ... | 1983 | 6637381 |
| colony structure and organization of pipistrellus subflavus in southern louisiana. | | 1973 | 4761372 |
| winter habitats of bats in texas. | few studies have described winter microclimate selection by bats in the southern united states. this is of particular importance as the cold-adapted fungus, pseudogymnoascus destructans, which causes the fatal bat disease white-nose syndrome (wns), continues to spread into southern united states. to better understand the suitability of winter bat habitats for the growth of p. destructans in this region, we collected roost temperature and vapor pressure deficit from 97 hibernacula in six ecoregio ... | 2019 | 31393965 |
| separating the effects of water quality and urbanization on temperate insectivorous bats at the landscape scale. | many local scale studies have shown that bats respond to water quality degradation or urbanization in a species-specific manner. however, few have separated the effects of urbanization versus water quality degradation on bats, in single city or single watershed case studies. across north carolina, usa, we used the standardized north american bat monitoring program mobile transect protocol to survey bat activity in 2015 and 2016 at 41 sites. we collected statewide water quality and urban land cov ... | 2018 | 29321903 |
| the cutaneous microbiota of bats has in vitro antifungal activity against the white nose pathogen. | since its introduction into the usa, pseudogymnoascus destructans (pd), the fungal pathogen of white-nose syndrome, has killed millions of bats. recently, bacteria capable of inhibiting the growth of pd have been identified within bat microbial assemblages, leading to increased interest in elucidating bacterial assemblage-pathogen interactions. our objectives were to determine if bat cutaneous bacteria have antifungal activity against pd, and correlate differences in the bat cutaneous microbiota ... | 2020 | 31960913 |
| external temperature and distance from nearest entrance influence microclimates of cave and culvert-roosting tri-colored bats (perimyotis subflavus). | many north american bat species hibernate in both natural and artificial roosts. although hibernacula can have high internal climate stability, they still retain spatial variability in their thermal regimes, resulting in various "microclimates" throughout the roost that differ in their characteristics (e.g., temperature and air moisture). these microclimate components can be influenced by factors such as the number of entrances, the depth of the roost, and distance to the nearest entrance of the ... | 2019 | 31938502 |
| the evolution of a bat population with white-nose syndrome (wns) reveals a shift from an epizootic to an enzootic phase. | white-nose syndrome (wns) is a mycosis caused by a cutaneous infection with the fungus pseudogymnoascus destructans (pd). it produces hibernation mortality rates of 75-98% in 4 bats: myotis lucifugus, m. septentrionalis, m. sodalis, and perimyotis subflavus. these high mortality rates were observed during the first several years after the arrival of p. destructans at a hibernation site. mortality is caused by a 60% decrease in torpor bout duration, which results in a premature depletion of depot ... | 2019 | 31827569 |
| lipolytic activity and the utilization of fatty acids associated with bat sebum by pseudogymnoascus destructans. | pseudogymnoascus destructans is the causative agent of a fungal infection of bats known as white-nose syndrome (wns). since its discovery in 2006, it has been responsible for precipitous declines of several species of cave-dwelling north american bats. while numerous advancements in the understanding of the disease processes underlying wns have been made in recent years, there are still many aspects of wns, particularly with respect to pathogen virulence, that remain unknown. in this preliminary ... | 2019 | 31529298 |
| bat caliciviruses and human noroviruses are antigenically similar and have overlapping histo-blood group antigen binding profiles. | emerging zoonotic viral diseases remain a challenge to global public health. recent surveillance studies have implicated bats as potential reservoirs for a number of viral pathogens, including coronaviruses and ebola viruses. caliciviridae represent a major viral family contributing to emerging diseases in both human and animal populations and have been recently identified in bats. in this study, we blended metagenomics, phylogenetics, homology modeling, and in vitro assays to characterize two n ... | 2018 | 29789360 |
| bat wing biometrics: using collagen-elastin bundles in bat wings as a unique individual identifier. | the ability to recognize individuals within an animal population is fundamental to conservation and management. identification of individual bats has relied on artificial marking techniques that may negatively affect the survival and alter the behavior of individuals. biometric systems use biological characteristics to identify individuals. the field of animal biometrics has expanded to include recognition of individuals based upon various morphologies and phenotypic variations including pelage ... | 2017 | 29674784 |
| the effects of epidermal fatty acid profiles, 1-oleoglycerol, and triacylglycerols on the susceptibility of hibernating bats to pseudogymnoascus destructans. | white nose syndrome (wns) greatly increases the over-winter mortality of little brown (myotis lucifugus), indiana (m. sodalis), northern (m. septentrionalis), and tricolored (perimyotis subflavus) bats, and is caused by cutaneous infections with pseudogymnoascus destructans (pd). big brown bats (eptesicus fuscus) are highly resistant to pd infections. seven different fatty acids (myristic, pentadecanoic, palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic, and, linoleic acids) occur in the wing epidermis of both m. lu ... | 2017 | 29077745 |