| wangiella dermatitidis isolated from bats in manaus brazil. | wangiella dermatitidis was isolated for the first time from the macroscopically asymptomatic internal organs of 2 phyllostomus discolor, 1 molossus molossus, 1 sturnira lilium and 1 myotis albescens among bats captured in the region of manaus, brazil. the dermatiaceous fungi isolated exhibited polymorphism at 25 and 37 degrees c, showing toruloid hyphae, integrated and terminal phialides without collarettes and yeast-like cells. the fungi did not hydrolyze gelatin, casein or starch. some ecologi ... | 1979 | 531715 |
| antigenic relationships of fractionated western diamondback rattlesnake (crotalus atrox) hemorrhagic toxins and other rattlesnake venoms as indicated by monoclonal antibodies. | seven hemorrhagic factors have been isolated from crotalus atrox venom, but their antigenic relationships have not been well studied. in this study, two different monoclonal antibodies, c. atrox peak 8 (ca-p-8) and c. atrox subclone 5 (ca-5+), were produced against two c. atrox venom hemorrhagic fractions and used in an elisa (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) to determine if the hemorrhagic factors in c. atrox venom are antigenically related. the same elisa test was used to determine cross-rea ... | 1989 | 2718192 |
| envenomation by the northern blacktail rattlesnake (crotalus molossus molossus): report of two cases and the in vitro effects of the venom on fibrinolysis and platelet aggregation. | in two cases of human envenomation by the northern blacktail rattlesnake (crotalus molossus molossus) there was marked swelling and ecchymosis of the bitten extremity and thrombocytopenia and, in one case, hypofibrinogenemia. treatment consisted of i.v. antivenin, crystalloid solution, fresh frozen plasma and cryoprecipitates, with recovery in each case. in vitro studies showed that the venom had fibrinolytic and platelet aggregating properties; a coagulant effect, although present, was much les ... | 1982 | 7080054 |
| modulation of phospholipase a2 activity by membrane-active peptides on liposomes of different phospholipid composition. | to determine the influence of variations in both lipid species and lipid packing on phospholipase a2 (pla2) hydrolytic activity, the activities of two pla2 isolated from crotalus molossus molossus venom, were followed on unilamellar liposomes modified by membrane-active peptides. enzymatic activity was compared with cytolytic activity on human and mouse lymphocytes. phosphatidylcholine liposomes were hydrolysed better than liposomes containing acidic phospholipids (phosphatidylserine, phosphatid ... | 1994 | 7890144 |
| [rabies in insectivorous (mollossidae) bats of southeastern brazil]. | four rabid bats belonging to three species of molossidae (one molossus molossus, one nyctinomops laticaudatus and two n. macrotis) were captured in the state of s. paulo, southeastern brazil. three of these bats were found during the day in unusual, visible places and the other came flying through a window in the evening. a descriptive table containing data on 19 similar cases, belonging to eight species, is presented and suggests that bats with atypical behavior must dearly be suspected of bein ... | 1995 | 8731280 |
| differences in fibrinolysis and complement inactivation by venom from different northern blacktailed rattlesnakes (crotalus molossus molossus). | venom from 72 different crotalus molossus molossus rattlesnakes was examined for fibrinolysis and for their ability to inactivate human complement. the fibrinolytic activity of the venoms was variable, but smaller (younger) snakes had less fibrinolytic activity than larger (older) snakes. major differences between the venoms was detected by isoelectric focusing, and reflected in the number and pi of the proteins with fibrinolytic activity. of the 72 venoms tested, ten had no effect and three had ... | 1997 | 9133705 |
| purification of m5, a fibrinolytic proteinase from crotalus molossus molossus venom that attacks complement. | crotalus molossus molossus (northern blacktailed rattlesnake) venom contains agents that affect blood coagulation. a fibrin(ogen)olytic proteinase, called m5, was isolated and purified from this venom by ion exchange chromatography in a two-step procedure. m5 consists of a single non-glycosylated polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 25 kda and an isoelectric point of 7.6. it hydrolyses the a alpha and b beta chains of fibrinogen and the alpha and beta chains of fibrin. it also exhibits c ... | 1997 | 9251246 |
| a nonviral vector system for efficient gene transfer to corneal endothelial cells via membrane integrins. | genetic manipulation of allografts to suppress their ability to induce rejection is a promising approach for controlling rejection responses. a key to this approach is the development of appropriate dna vectors. we are developing nonviral dna vector systems based on synthetic peptides containing an integrin-binding segment for cellular targeting and a polylysine segment for dna binding. | 1997 | 9311717 |
| ultrastructure of the binary parotid glands in the free-tailed bat, tadarida thersites. i. principal parotid gland. | many species of bats have two sets of submandibular glands, principal and accessory. the accessory gland may resemble the principal one but more often shows wide morphological divergence. the free-tailed bat, tadarida thersites, is very unusual in that it has two sets of parotid glands rather than binary submandibular glands. we studied the ultrastructure of the principal parotid gland to establish a baseline for comparison with the accessory parotid. | 1998 | 9605227 |
| in vitro investigation of factors important for the delivery of an integrin-targeted nonviral dna vector in organ transplantation. | polylysine-molossin is a 31 amino acid synthetic peptide that has previously been demonstrated to function as a dna vector in vitro for cell lines and for the cornea. it incorporates the 15 amino acid integrin-binding domain of the venom of the american pit viper, crotalus molossus molossus as the targeting moiety and a chain of 16 lysines as the dna-binding moiety. the objective of this study was to evaluate several parameters of importance for in vivo applications. | 2000 | 10762223 |
| partial characterization of a basic protein from crotalus molossus molossus (northern blacktail rattlesnake) venom and production of a monoclonal antibody. | the venom of crotalus molossus molossus (blacktailed rattlesnake) is very basic compared to that of other crotalinae venoms. unlike other crotalinae venoms that are separated by anion exchange chromatography, c. m. molossus venom must be fractionated by cation exchange chromatography. electrophoretic titration (et) was used to predict the isoelectric point (pi) and optimal conditions for isolation. the specific hemorrhagic activity for c. m. molossus venom was 7.5 mm/microg, making it one of the ... | 2001 | 11024493 |
| in vivo gene delivery via portal vein and bile duct to individual lobes of the rat liver using a polylysine-based nonviral dna vector in combination with chloroquine. | the objective of this study was to evaluate a bifunctional synthetic peptide as a dna vector for regional gene delivery to the rat liver by the portal vein and bile duct routes. the 31-amino-acid peptide (polylysine-molossin) comprises an amino-terminal chain of 16 lysines for electrostatic binding of dna, and the 15 amino acid integrin-binding domain of the venom of the american pit viper, crotalus molossus molossus. initial in vitro evaluation demonstrated that polylysine-molossin/dna complexe ... | 2001 | 11779402 |
| infestation of rhynchopsyllus pulex (siphonaptera: tungidae) on molossus molossus (chiroptera) in southeastern brazil. | the infestation of rhynchopsyllus pulex on the bat molossus molossus was observed using mist-nets opened between constructions in the primatological center, in guapimirim, state of rio de janeiro, brazil. | 2001 | 11784941 |
| ultrastructure of the atrioventricular junctional area in the heart of molossus molossus pallas 1766 (chiroptera: molossidae). | the atrioventricular junctional area (avja) consists of a group of structures that connects the atrial and ventricular myocardium. five hearts of an insect-eating bat were studied in light and transmission electron microscopy. in m. molossus, the avja consists in a mass of muscle fibers intermingled with variable amount of connective tissue and blood vessels surrounded by the adjacent myocardium and the attachment of the right atrioventricular and aortic valves in the fibrous skeleton. in light ... | 1998 | 11928122 |
| cross reactivity of three antivenoms against north american snake venoms. | the antivenom in the united states today is in short supply, expensive and may not even be the most effective in neutralizing venoms from snakes in certain geographical locations. the ed(50) is considered to be the best indicator of antivenom efficacy, however, other tests are needed. in this study, three antivenoms (antivipmyn (fab(2)h), crotalidae polyvalent immune fab (ovine) (fabo) and ucv (fabv) were used to test the effectiveness of neutralization of eight venoms (agkistrodon piscivorus pi ... | 2003 | 12565754 |
| ambiguities in sound-duration selectivity by neurons in the inferior colliculus of the bat molossus molossus from cuba. | this study examines duration selectivity in auditory neurons of the inferior colliculus of the bat molossus molossus (molossidae, chiroptera) from cuba. three main types of duration selectivity, short-, band-, and long-pass, as previously described in other species, are present in m. molossus. the range of best durations in the inferior colliculus of this species approximates the durations of their echolocation calls, suggesting that, as has been shown in other species of bats and frogs, the fil ... | 2004 | 14711975 |
| specializations for aerial hawking in the echolocation system of molossus molossus (molossidae, chiroptera). | while searching for prey, molossus molossus broadcasts narrow-band calls of 11.42 ms organized in pairs of pulses that alternate in frequency. the first signal of the pair is at 34.5 khz, the second at 39.6 khz. pairs of calls with changing frequencies were only emitted when the interpulse intervals were below 200 ms. maximum duty cycles during search phase are close to 20%. frequency alternation of search calls is interpreted as a mechanism for increasing duty cycle and thus the temporal contin ... | 2004 | 15112101 |
| envenomation by the northern blacktail rattlesnake (crotalus molossus molossus): case report. | the clinical course after a human envenomation by the northern blacktail rattlesnake (crotalus molossus molossus) is not well described in the literature. the present report discusses a 12-year-old girl who was envenomated by c. molossus molossus and treated with antivenom (crotalidae polyvalent immune fab). her recovery was uncomplicated, and she was discharged after 48 hours of hospitalization. hematologic and coagulation studies were within normal limits at follow up. the clinical effects of ... | 2005 | 15643324 |
| acoustic detection and classification of microchiroptera using machine learning: lessons learned from automatic speech recognition. | current automatic acoustic detection and classification of microchiroptera utilize global features of individual calls (i.e., duration, bandwidth, frequency extrema), an approach that stems from expert knowledge of call sonograms. this approach parallels the acoustic phonetic paradigm of human automatic speech recognition (asr), which relied on expert knowledge to account for variations in canonical linguistic units. asr research eventually shifted from acoustic phonetics to machine learning, pr ... | 2006 | 16583922 |
| bat rabies in the north-northwestern regions of the state of são paulo, brazil: 1997-2002. | reports on bat rabies in brazil are sporadic and isolated. this study aimed at describing the detection of rabies virus in bats in the state of são paulo. | 2006 | 17173166 |
| concentration of carotenoids, retinol and alpha-tocopherol in plasma of six microchiroptera species. | to adequately feed species in captivity it is necessary to know their nutritional habits and their natural availability of specific nutrients. such essential nutrients are vitamin a, vitamin e and selected carotenoids as vitamin-a-precursors. because their blood plasma concentration are valid biomarkers of nutritional status of dietary intake, we determined the concentrations of carotenoids, retinol and alpha-tocopherol by hplc as well as the transport proteins for retinol, the retinol-binding p ... | 2007 | 17462932 |
| experimental transmission of the parasitic flagellates trypanosoma cruzi and trypanosoma rangeli between triatomine bugs or mice and captive neotropical bats. | trypanosoma cruzi and trypanosoma rangeli-like trypanosomes have been found in a variety of neotropical bat species. in this study, bats (artibeus lituratus, carollia perspicillata, desmodus rotundus, glossophaga soricina, molossus molossus, phyllostomus hastatus) were maintained under controlled conditions, and experiments were conducted to determine how they might become infected naturally with trypanosomes. all bats were first screened for existing infections by hemoculture and the examinatio ... | 2007 | 17710299 |
| malassezia spp. in acoustic meatus of bats (molossus molossus) of the amazon region, brazil. | the yeasts of the malassezia genus are opportunistic microorganisms and can cause human and animal infections. they are commonly isolated from the skin and auricular canal of mammalians, mainly dogs and cats. the present study was aimed to isolate malassezia spp. from the acoustic meatus of bats (molossus molossus) in the montenegro region, "rondônia", brazil. from a total of 30 bats studied malassezia spp. were isolated in 24 (80%) animals, the breakdown by species being as follows (one malasse ... | 2008 | 18046623 |
| trypanosoma cruzi congenital transmission in wild bats. | trypanosoma cruzi congenital transmission in wild bats (molossus molossus), associated with infected rhodnius prolixus in a natural habitat from a rural locality in western venezuela, is reported. t. cruzi blood circulating trypomastigotes in a pregnant bat were detected by parasitological methods. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays carried out in samples from the heart and the fetus of the same infected female, revealed the presence of t. cruzi-specific dna in both of the tissues, demonstra ... | 2009 | 18823929 |
| immunocytochemical study of gastrintestinal endocrine cells in insectivorous bats (mammalia: chiroptera). | the regional distribution and relative frequency of endocrine cells in the stomach and intestine of phyllostomidae: lonchorhina aurita and molossidae: molossus molossus bats were studied immunohistochemically. three types of immunoreactive (ir) endocrine cells--to serotonin (5-ht), gastrin (gas) and enteroglucagon (gluc)--were found in the gastric mucosa and four types of ir cells were identified in the intestinal mucosa. this study showed an interespecfic difference in the regional distribution ... | 2008 | 18833490 |
| the chiggerflea hectopsylla pulex (siphonaptera: tungidae) as an ectoparasite of free-tailed bats (chiroptera: molossidae). | in the present study, we investigated the prevalence and intensity of hectopsylla pulex infection in molossus rufus and molossus molossus, the parasite's choice of attachment site, and whether this host-parasite system varies with host size. twenty-four bats were captured by hand from the roof of a house in southeastern brazil. m. rufus exhibited a prevalence of 71.4% and the mean intensity averaged 5 ectoparasites per bat. m. molossus exhibited a prevalence of 90%, and the average mean intensit ... | 2009 | 19722077 |
| energy metabolism and fasting in male and female insectivorous bats molossus molossus (chiroptera: molossidae). | metabolic adaptations induced by 24 and 48 hours of fasting were investigated in male and female insectivorous bats (molossus molossus pallas, 1766). for this purpose, plasma glucose, non esterified fatty acids (nefa), glycogen, protein and lipids concentrations in liver and muscles were obtained. data presented here demonstrate that fed bats showed plasma glucose levels similar to those reported for other mammal species. in response to fasting, glycemia was decreased only in 48 hours fasted fem ... | 2010 | 20730349 |
| pathogenicity of different rabies virus isolates and protection test in vaccinated mice. | this study was aimed to evaluate and compare the pathogenicity of rabies virus isolated from bats and dogs, and to verify the efficacy of a commercial rabies vaccine against these isolates. for evaluation of pathogenicity, mice were inoculated by the intramuscular route (im) with 500micld₅₀/0.03 ml of the viruses. the cross-protection test was performed by vaccinating groups of mice by the subcutaneous route and challenged through the intracerebral (ic) route. isolates were fully pathogenic when ... | 2010 | 21049225 |
| foraging activity of the free-tailed bat molossus molossus (chiroptera; molossidae) in southeastern brazil. | sunset and sunrise regulate the activities of most studied bat species. to verify patterns of foraging activity, 29 bat sampling nights were carried out over a dam in rio de janeiro city, which resulted in 363 hours with 730 captures, representing 13 species of insectivorous bats. molossus molossus constituted the bulk of the captures (79.9%) and was present in 82.8% of the sampling nights. this bat species exhibited crepuscular and nocturnal activity (from -6 minutes to 900 minutes after the ti ... | 2010 | 21180906 |
| colony size, sex ratio and cohabitation in roosts of phyllostomus hastatus (pallas) (chiroptera: phyllostomidae). | phyllostomus hastatus bat is species broadly distributed over the neotropical region, which uses as diurnal roosts caves, hollow trees, palm leaves and human buildings. thirteen diurnal roosts of p. hastatus were analysed from 1990 to 2009 in several localities of rio de janeiro state, regarding environment (rural, urban or protected area), type of roost (hollow tree, basement or roof), sex ratio and cohabitation. a nocturnal roost was also analysed. sex ratio of p. hastatus varied considerably ... | 2010 | 21180912 |
| isolation of histoplasma capsulatum from bats in the urban area of são paulo state, brazil. | summarythe presence of bats in caves, attics, ceilings, and roofs is important epidemiologically as they can increase the chance of human acquisition of pathogens, including histoplasma capsulatum. brazilian urban areas contain many species of bats, especially insectivorous bats, that are attracted by a wide range of readily available food and shelter. from august 2003 to december 2008, we analysed 2427 bats in the sã£o paulo state region. homogenates of the livers and spleens of the bats were p ... | 2010 | 21205438 |
| rabies diagnosis and serology in bats from the state of são paulo, brazil. | bats are one of the most important reservoirs and vectors of the rabies virus in the world. | 2011 | 21468481 |
| first report of rabies infection in bats, molossus molossus, molossops neglectus and myotis riparius in the city of são paulo, state of são paulo, southeastern brazil. | this paper presents the first report of rabies in three bat species, molossus molossus, molossops neglectus and myotis riparius in the city of são paulo, brazil. | 2011 | 21503551 |
| bat-species richness in the pantanal floodplain and its surrounding uplands. | we studied the bat fauna of the pantanal floodplain and its surrounding plateaus in mato grosso do sul, brazil, based on the scientific collection at universidade anhanguera-uniderp and on the projeto morcegos do pantanal data bank at ufms, comprising 9,037 captures of 56 species recorded from 1994 to 2007. the pantanal surveys were carried out in the nhecolândia, aquidauana, miranda, and paraguai sub-regions; the uplands surveys took place in the maracaju, bodoquena, and urucum formations. bat ... | 2011 | 21537604 |
| rabies virus in molossus molossus (chiroptera: molossidae) in the state of pernambuco, northeastern brazil. | rabies virus was detected in bats (molossus molossus) from an urban area in the city of recife, state of pernambuco, brazil. four individuals were found during the day in visible, non-habitual places, lying on the ground, but still alive. no contact occurred with people or animals. of these, only two were identified; it was not possible to identify two specimens, since they were incinerated prior to identification. diagnosis was positive by direct immunofluorescence and intracerebral inoculation ... | 2011 | 21860906 |
| first record of leishmania braziliensis presence detected in bats, mato grosso do sul, southwest brazil. | leishmaniasis, a zoonotic disease caused by parasites of the genus leishmania, has expanded beyond its natural range and is becoming increasingly urban. using pcr and pcr-rflp, we detected leishmania (viannia) braziliensis in two bats (chiroptera) in mato grosso do sul, brazil, an endemic area. this is the first record of l. (v.) braziliensis in bats. it is also the first record of any leishmania sp. in bats in the state. the animals testing positive were found in both a rural site and an urban ... | 2013 | 23886850 |
| pneumocystis sp. in bats evaluated by qpcr. | molecular techniques have revealed a high prevalence of pneumocystis colonization in wild mammals. accurate quantification of pneumocystis sp. is essential for the correct interpretation of many research experiments investigating this organism. the objectives of this study were to detect the presence of pneumocystis sp. in bats by qpcr, and to distinguish colonization from infection. probes and primers for real time pcr (qpcr) were designed based on the gene of major surface glycoprotein (msg) o ... | 2013 | 23380373 |
| rabies in the insectivorous pallas's mastiff bat (molossus molossus) in northeastern brazil. | we describe the pathologic and immunohistochemical findings in five cases of rabies in the insectivorous pallas's mastiff bat (molossus molossus) in the city of patos, state of paraíba, northeastern brazil. all cases were found during the day, in different neighborhoods, prostrate and unable to fly. no significant lesions were observed at necropsy or on histologic examination. the brains of the five bats showed strong immunohistochemical labeling for rabies virus in the form of large corpuscles ... | 2014 | 25121411 |
| group a rotavirus in brazilian bats: description of novel t15 and h15 genotypes. | this study aimed to survey for group a rotaviruses (rva) in bats from brazil and to perform phylogenetic inferences for vp4, vp7, nsp3, nsp4 and nsp5 genes. rva was found in 9.18 % (28/305) of tested samples. the partial genotype constellation of a molossus molossus rva strain was g3-p[3]-ix-rx-cx-mx-ax-nx-t3-e3-h6, and that of a glossophaga soricina rva strain was g20-p[x]-ix-rx-cx-mx-ax-nx-t15-ex-h15. these findings demonstrate an important role of bats in rva epidemiology and provide evidence ... | 2016 | 27518402 |
| first isolation and genotyping of toxoplasma gondii from bats (mammalia: chiroptera). | there are currently no reports on the isolation and molecular examination of toxoplasma gondii from bats. here, we report the isolation and genotypic characterisation of two t. gondii isolates from bats. a total of 369 bats from different municipalities in são paulo state, southeastern brazil, were captured and euthanised, and collected tissues (heart and pectoral muscle) were processed for each bat or in pools of two or three bats and bioassayed in mice (a total of 283 bioassays). eleven pcr-rf ... | 2013 | 23200751 |
| presence of heat-stable hemorrhagic toxins in snake venoms. | twenty-eight snake venoms (seven agkistrodon venoms, six bothrops venoms, 13 crotalus venoms, one sistrurus venom, and one bitis venom) were examined for the presence of heat-stable (100 degrees c, 5 min) hemorrhagic toxins. both heated and unheated venoms were analyzed for their protein composition by sds-page, and tested for their hemorrhagic activity in vivo in mice and for their proteolytic activity on two different substrates. heating all venoms led to the denaturation and loss of some prot ... | 1994 | 7985199 |
| new species and records of mites of the superfamily sarcoptoidea (acariformes: psoroptidia) from mammals in brazil. | sixteen species of the superfamily sarcoptoidea (acariformes: psoroptidia) belonging to 10 genera of the families atopomelidae, listrophoridae, chirodiscidae, and listropsoralgidae are recorded in brazil. among them, three species, prolistrophorus hylaeamys sp. nov. from hylaeamys laticeps (lund, 1840) (cricetidae: sigmodontinae) from minas gerais, lynxacarus serrafreirei sp. nov. from galictis cuja (molina, 1782) (carnivora: mustelidae) from rio de janeiro (listrophoridae), and didelphoecius mi ... | 2016 | 26751869 |
| taxonomic comments on anouria caudifer, artibeus lituratus and molossus molossus. | | 1966 | 5948821 |
| emended description of litomosoides molossi (nematoda: onchocercidae) and first records of litomosoides species parasitizing argentinean bats. | : during a long-term study on biodiversity of bats in the yungas and entre ríos provinces, 1,304 specimens of bats included in the families noctilionidae, phyllostomidae, vespertilionidae, and molossidae were collected and checked for filarioids. litomosoides molossi esslinger, 1973 was recovered from the thoracic and abdominal cavities of molossus molossus (prevalence [p] = 6.4%); litomosoides chandleri esslinger, 1973 from artibeus planirostris (p = 6.9%), sturnira oporaphilum (p = 66.6%), st ... | 2016 | 27098753 |
| genetic variability in species of bats revealed by rapd analysis. | random amplified polymorphic dna molecular marker was utilized as a means of analyzing genetic variability in seven bat species: molossus molossus, m. rufus, eumops glaucinus, e. perotis, myotis nigricans, eptesicus furinalis, and artibeus planirostris. the determination of genetic diversity was based on 741 bands produced by a 20-random primer set. only eight bands were considered monomorphic to one species. the greatest number of bands and the most polymorphic condition were exhibited by m. mo ... | 2006 | 17183488 |
| spatial pattern of genetic diversity and selection in the mhc class ii drb of three neotropical bat species. | although bats are natural reservoirs of many pathogens, few studies have been conducted on the genetic variation and detection of selection in major histocompatibility complex (mhc) genes. these genes are critical for resistance and susceptibility to diseases, and host-pathogen interactions are major determinants of their extensive polymorphism. here we examined spatial patterns of diversity of the expressed mhc class ii drb gene of three sympatric neotropical bats, carollia perspicillata and de ... | 2016 | 27782798 |
| using dna barcodes to identify road-killed animals in two atlantic forest nature reserves, brazil. | road mortality is the leading source of biodiversity loss in the world, especially due to fragmentation of natural habitats and loss of wildlife. the survey of the main species victims of roadkill is of fundamental importance for the better understanding of the problem, being necessary, for this, the correct species identification. the aim of this study was to verify if dna barcodes can be applied to identify road-killed samples that often cannot be determined morphologically. for this purpose, ... | 2015 | 26244644 |
| comparative enzymatic study of hplc-fractionated crotalus venoms. | 1. ten venoms of the genus crotalus (crotalus adamanteus, crotalus atrox, crotalus durissus durissus, crotalus horridus horridus, crotalus lepidus, crotalus polystictus, crotalus molossus molossus, crotalus pusillus, crotalus scutulatus scutulatus, venom b, and crotalus viridis lutosus) were fractionated using hplc anion and cation exchange chromatography. 2. hplc venom fractions were tested for hemorrhagic, hemolytic, and proteolytic activities. 3. crude virginia opossum (didelphis virginiana) ... | 1989 | 2680253 |
| heavy metals and dna damage in blood cells of insectivore bats in coal mining areas of catarinense coal basin, brazil. | we assessed the content of heavy metals in the liver and the dna damage in blood cells of insectivore bats in the catarinense carboniferous basin, southern brazil. three bats species (molossus molossus, tadarida brasiliensis and eptesicus diminutus) were collected in a coal mining area and in a control area. the heavy metal content in bats was detected according to the pixe technique and the dna damage was assessed by the comet assay. the contents of cr, ni, cu and pb in m. molossus and of cu an ... | 2010 | 20655518 |
| atlantic bats: a dataset of bat communities from the atlantic forests of south america. | bats are the second most diverse mammal order and they provide vital ecosystem functions (e.g., pollination, seed dispersal, and nutrient flux in caves) and services (e.g., crop pest suppression). bats are also important vectors of infectious diseases, harboring more than 100 different virus types. in the present study, we compiled information on bat communities from the atlantic forests of south america, a species-rich biome that are highly threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation. atlantic ... | 2017 | 28875505 |
| natural exposure of bats in grenada to rabies virus. | introduction: grenada is a rabies endemic country, where terrestrial rabies is maintained in the small indian mongoose (herpestes auropunctatus). the role of bats in the epidemiology of rabies in grenada is unknown. a 1974 report described one rabies virus positive jamaican fruit bat (artibeus jamaicensis), and a high seroprevalence in this species. in the current study, the natural exposure to rabies virus in grenadian bats was re-evaluated. it is postulated that bats serve as a natural rabies ... | 2017 | 28804595 |
| morphology and postnatal development of lower hindlimbs in desmodus rotundus (chiroptera: phyllostomidae): a comparative study. | the hindlimbs in bats are functionally adapted to serve as a hook to attach to the mother from birth, and to roost during independent life. although bats exhibit different terrestrial locomotion capabilities involving hindlimbs, hindlimb morphology and postnatal development have been poorly studied. we describe in detail the postnatal development and bone morphology of hindlimbs of the nimble walker vampire bat, desmodus rotundus, and compare adult characters with the insectivorous molossus molo ... | 2017 | 28805956 |
| resource partitioning by insectivorous bats in jamaica. | in this investigation, we use variation in wing morphology, echolocation behaviour, patterns of habitat use and molecular diet analysis to demonstrate that six species of sympatric insectivorous bats in jamaica show significant differences that could explain resource partitioning among the species. high-intensity echolocating species that used shorter, broadband signals and had shorter, broader wings (pteronotus macleayii, pteronotus quadridens, mormoops blainvillii) foraged most in edge habitat ... | 2014 | 25187923 |
| narrow sound pressure level tuning in the auditory cortex of the bats molossus molossus and macrotus waterhousii. | in the auditory system, tuning to sound level appears in the form of non-monotonic response-level functions that depict the response of a neuron to changing sound levels. neurons with non-monotonic response-level functions respond best to a particular sound pressure level (defined as "best level" or level evoking the maximum response). we performed a comparative study on the location and basic functional organization of the auditory cortex in the gleaning bat, macrotus waterhousii, and the aeria ... | 2014 | 24269749 |
| variation in echolocation call frequencies in two species of free-tailed bats according to temperature and humidity. | bats can actively adjust their echolocation signals to specific habitats and tasks, yet it is not known if bats also modify their calls to decrease atmospheric attenuation. here the authors test the hypothesis that individuals emit echolocation calls ideally suited to current conditions of temperature and humidity. the authors recorded two species, molossus molossus and molossops temminckii, in the field under different conditions of humidity and temperature. for each species, two calls were ana ... | 2017 | 28764478 |
| unusual lipid composition of erythrocytes from the insectivorous bat molossus molossus. | the lipid composition of washed erythrocytes from molossus molossus and molossus ater were studied. in comparison with other mammalian species, bat erythrocytes were characterized by very high cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratios, as well as by low sphingomyelin content. the lipid composition of bat erythrocytes was similar to that of patients suffering from lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency, but the physiological significance of this in bats is unknown. | 1985 | 2858297 |
| sunset-related timing of flight activity in neotropical bats. | the times of onset and completion of the hunting flights of three colonies of neotropical bats, each comprising 100-200 individuals, were observed for nine months. the colonies were of different species: molossus ater (m.a.) and molossus molossus (m.m.) of the molossidae, and myotis nigricans (my. n.) of the vespertilionidae. individuals of phyllostomus hastatus (p.h., phyllostomidae) were also observed. all the bats roosted in a building near restrepo, colombia (4°16'n, 73°34'w). times of emerg ... | 1978 | 28309285 |
| group size, survival and surprisingly short lifespan in socially foraging bats. | the relationships between group size, survival, and longevity vary greatly among social species. depending on demographic and ecological circumstances, there are both positive and negative effects of group size variation on individual survival and longevity. for socially foraging species in particular there may be an optimal group size that predicts maximum individual survival that is directly related to the potential for information transfer, social coordination, and costs of conspecific interf ... | 2016 | 26767616 |
| distress calls of a fast-flying bat (molossus molossus) provoke inspection flights but not cooperative mobbing. | many birds and mammals produce distress calls when captured. bats often approach speakers playing conspecific distress calls, which has led to the hypothesis that bat distress calls promote cooperative mobbing. an alternative explanation is that approaching bats are selfishly assessing predation risk. previous playback studies on bat distress calls involved species with highly maneuverable flight, capable of making close passes and tight circles around speakers, which can look like mobbing. we b ... | 2015 | 26353118 |
| no fever and leucocytosis in response to a lipopolysaccharide challenge in an insectivorous bat. | bat immune systems may allow them to respond to zoonotic agents more efficiently than other mammals. as the first line of defence, the taxonomically conserved acute phase immune reaction of leucocytosis and fever is crucial for coping with infections, but it is unknown if this response is a key constituent to bat immunological success. we investigated the acute phase reaction to a standard lipopolysaccharide (lps) challenge in pallas's mastiff bats (molossus molossus). challenged bats lost mass, ... | 2015 | 26333664 |
| level-tolerant duration selectivity in the auditory cortex of the velvety free-tailed bat molossus molossus. | it has been reported previously that in the inferior colliculus of the bat molossus molossus, neuronal duration tuning is ambiguous because the tuning type of the neurons dramatically changes with the sound level. in the present study, duration tuning was examined in the auditory cortex of m. molossus to describe if it is as ambiguous as the collicular tuning. from a population of 174 cortical 104 (60 %) neurons did not show duration selectivity (all-pass). around 5 % (9 units) responded prefere ... | 2015 | 25726017 |
| structure, histochemistry and seasonal variations of the male reproductive accessory glands in the pallas's mastiff bat, molossus molossus (chiroptera: molossidae). | due to their wide geographical distribution, bats suffer considerable influence from abiotic factors on their reproductive strategies, detected through behavioural or functional assessment of the gonads and accessory glands. the present study aimed to characterise anatomically and morphologically the reproductive accessory glands (rags) of molossus molossus (molossidae) and evaluate their seasonal variations. the rags were removed, fixed, sectioned after histological processing and submitted to ... | 2015 | 25482215 |
| capillary damage in the area postrema by venom of the northern black-tailed rattlesnake (crotalus molossus molossus). | the northern black-tailed rattlesnake (crotalus molossus molossus) venom is mainly hemotoxic, hemorrhagic, and neurotoxic. its effects in the central nervous system are unknown and only poorly described for all viperidae species in general. this is why we are interested in describe the damage induced by c. m. molossus venom in rat brain, particularly in the area postrema capillaries. four c. m. molossus venom doses were tested (0.02, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.20mg/kg) injected intramuscularly at the lowe ... | 2014 | 25035793 |
| tone-deaf ears in moths may limit the acoustic detection of two-tone bats. | frequency alternation in the echolocation of insectivorous bats has been interpreted in relation to ranging and duty cycle, i.e. advantages for echolocation. the shifts in frequency of the calls of these so-called two-tone bats, however, may also play its role in the success of their hunting behavior for a preferred prey, the tympanate moth. how the auditory receptors (e.g. the a1 and a2 cells) in the moth's ear detect such frequency shifts is currently unknown. here, we measured the auditory re ... | 2014 | 24942265 |
| seasonal variation of energy reserves and reproduction in neotropical free-tailed bats molossus molossus (chiroptera: molossidae). | seasonal variation is a key factor regulating energy metabolism and reproduction in several mammals, including bats. this study aimed to track seasonal changes in the energy reserves of the insectivorous bat molossus molossus associated with its reproductive cycle. adult males were collected during the four neotropical annual seasons in viçosa - mg, brazil. blood and tissues were collected for metabolic analysis and testes were removed for histology and morphometry. our results show that liver a ... | 2013 | 24212705 |
| histomorphometric evaluation of the molossus molossus (chiroptera, molossidae) testis: the tubular compartment and indices of sperm production. | insectivorous bats play a very important role in the regulation of tropical ecosystems, but information about their reproductive cycle is lacking. thus, male molossus molossus were captured over the four seasons, and morphometric analyses of their testes were conducted to infer on the gonadal dynamics and the reproductive capacity of the species. testes were immersed in karnovsky fixative, and fragments were embedded in methacrylate and paraplast for morphometric and tunel assay respectively. th ... | 2013 | 23845822 |
| detection of alphacoronavirus in velvety free-tailed bats (molossus molossus) and brazilian free-tailed bats (tadarida brasiliensis) from urban area of southern brazil. | a survey was carried out in search for bat coronaviruses in an urban maternity roost of about 500 specimens of two species of insectivorous bats, molossus molossus and tadarida brasiliensis, in southern brazil. twenty-nine out of 150 pooled fecal samples tested positive by reverse transcription-pcr contained fragments of the rna-dependent rna polymerase gene of coronavirus-related viruses. the sequences clustered along with bat alphacoronaviruses, forming a subcluster within this group. our find ... | 2013 | 23504146 |
| organization and seasonal quantification of the intertubular compartment in the bat molossus molossus (pallas, 1776) testis. | environmental factors can influence the reproductive rates in bats, and since morphometric information of bats testis is scarce, we aimed to compare the organization and quantification of the intertubular components in the testes of the bat molossus molossus, collected in different seasons. testicular histological sections were evaluated using light and electron microscopy. the intertubular compartment occupied an average 10% of the testes, being predominately constituted of leydig cells (lc). t ... | 2013 | 23077089 |
| ultrastructural characteristics of spermatogenesis in pallas's mastiff bat, molossus molossus (chiroptera: molossidae). | despite the large number of species, their wide distribution, and unique reproductive characteristics, neotropical bats have been poorly studied, and important aspects of the reproduction of these animals have not been elucidated. we made an ultrastructural analysis of spermatogenesis in molossus molossus (molossidae). the process of spermatogonial differentiation is similar to that found in other bats and is also relatively similar to that of primates, with three main spermatogonia types: a(d), ... | 2012 | 22253210 |
| low metabolism in a tropical bat from lowland panama measured using heart rate telemetry: an unexpected life in the slow lane. | animals must optimize their daily energy budgets, particularly if energy expenditures are as high as they are in flying animals. however, energy budgets of free-ranging tropical animals are poorly known. newly miniaturized heart rate transmitters enabled this to be addressed this in the small, energetically limited, neotropical bat molossus molossus. high-resolution 48 h energy budgets showed that this species significantly lowers its metabolism on a daily basis, even though ambient temperatures ... | 2011 | 21993789 |
| resurrexit, sicut dixit, alleluia. snake venomics from a 26-year old polyacrylamide focusing gel. | a 26-year-old dried polyacrylamide gel, cast in presence of an immobilized ph gradient and containing focused proteins from the venoms of a northern black-tailed rattlesnake (crotalus molossus molossus), and of a western diamondback rattlesnake (crotalus atrox) has been screened in order to see the feasibility of extracting the proteins, analyzing them by mass spectrometry (ms) and assessing their integrity. nine gel bands were excised along the ph 3-10 gradient and the gel segments reswollen in ... | 2012 | 21985938 |
| bat diversity of ilha da marambaia, southern rio de janeiro state, brazil (chiroptera, mammalia). | few sites have been well sampled for bats, and samplings in islands are even scarcer. therefore, the objectives of the present study were: (1) to list the bat species of ilha da marambaia; (2) to compare richness, abundance and biomass of bat guilds found there; (3) to analyse abundance patterns of bat species; and (4) to compare richness, abundance and composition of the bat fauna among different kinds of environment. to capture bats we used mist nets set in five different environments, totalis ... | 2010 | 20730337 |
| group hunting-a reason for sociality in molossid bats? | many bat species live in groups, some of them in highly complex social systems, but the reasons for sociality in bats remain largely unresolved. increased foraging efficiency through passive information transfer in species foraging for ephemeral insects has been postulated as a reason for group formation of male bats in the temperate zones. we hypothesized that benefits from group hunting might also entice tropical bats of both sexes to live in groups. here we investigate whether molossus moloss ... | 2010 | 20140247 |
| the auditory cortex of the bat molossus molossus: disproportionate search call frequency representation. | the extent of the auditory cortex in the bat molossus molossus was electrophysiologically investigated. best frequencies and minimum thresholds of neural tuning curves were analyzed to define the topography of the auditory cortex. the auditory cortex encompasses an average cortical surface area of 5mm(2). characteristic frequencies are tonotopically organized with low frequencies being represented caudally and high frequencies rostrally. however, a large interindividual variability in the tonoto ... | 2009 | 19450436 |
| effects of temperature and storage conditions on the electrophoretic, toxic and enzymatic stability of venom components. | rattlesnake venoms are complex biological products containing potentially autolytic components, and they provide a useful tool for the study of long-term maintenance of enzymes in a competent state, both in vivo and in vitro. to evaluate the stability of venom components, 15 aliquots of freshly extracted venom (from crotalus molossus molossus) were subjected to 15 different temperature and storage conditions for 1 week and then lyophilized; conditions varied from storage at -80 degrees c (optima ... | 1998 | 9530814 |
| isolation of a fibrinolytic protease, m4, from venom of crotalus molossus molossus (northern blacktail rattlesnake). | m4, a fibrinolytic protease, was isolated from the venom of crotalus molossus molossus. it has a pi of 9.6 and a molecular weight of 27,000. the protease hydrolyzes the a alpha and b beta chains of fibrinogen, and the alpha and beta chains of fibrin. this activity was inhibited by edta and restored by ca2+ or zn2+, but not mg2+. the protease hydrolyzed hide power azure and casein, but it had no effect on collagen, hyaluronic acid, complement or synthetic substrates for thrombin, plasmin or kalli ... | 1992 | 1521826 |
| an isoelectric focusing study of seasonal variation in rattlesnake venom proteins. | adult specimens of seven southern pacific rattlesnakes (crotalus viridis helleri), four northern black-tailed rattlesnakes (crotalus molossus molossus), and six western diamondback rattlesnakes (crotalus atrox) were housed under controlled light and temperature and milked of venom monthly for 20 months. ambient conditions were modelled to simulate seasonal change. weighed amounts of lyophilized venom from each snake were compared chronologically for variation in isoelectric focusing patterns, us ... | 1986 | 3824406 |
| effects of preparatory procedures on the venom from a rattlesnake (crotalus molossus molossus), as determined by isoelectric focusing. | a study was made on the venom of a single specimen of the rattlesnake crotalus molossus molossus, utilizing isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels, to determine what effects various commonly employed preparative procedures might have on the chemical properties of the venom. the procedures included storage at several temperatures, freezing and thawing, evaporation, desiccation and lyophilization. results indicated that the numbers and relative positions of the protein bands were constant wit ... | 1984 | 6474501 |
| detection of alphacoronavirus vrna in the feces of brazilian free-tailed bats (tadarida brasiliensis) from a colony in florida, usa. | bats are natural reservoirs of coronaviruses and other viruses with zoonotic potential. florida has indigenous non-migratory populations of brazilian free-tailed bats (tadarida brasiliensis) that mostly roost in colonies in artificial structures. unlike their counterparts in brazil and mexico, the viruses harbored by the florida bats have been underexplored. we report the detection of an alphacoronavirus rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) gene sequence in the feces of two of 19 differentt. bras ... | 2017 | 28933360 |
| virome analysis of two sympatric bat species (desmodus rotundus and molossus molossus) in french guiana. | environmental disturbances in the neotropics (e.g., deforestation, agriculture intensification, urbanization) contribute to an increasing risk of cross-species transmission of microorganisms and to disease outbreaks due to changing ecosystems of reservoir hosts. although amazonia encompasses the greatest diversity of reservoir species, the outsized viral population diversity (virome) has yet to be investigated. here, through a metagenomic approach, we identified 10,991 viral sequences in the sal ... | 2017 | 29117243 |
| survey on helminths and protozoa of free-living neotropical bats from northeastern brazil. | bats are considered important reservoirs of pathogens of veterinary and medical relevance worldwide. however, despite the increasing attention paid towards the central role of bats in the spreading of some zoonotic infections, studies on their own parasites remain patchy especially in neotropical regions. understanding the relationships occurring between bats and their pathogens is a crucial step to determine the implications undermining the ecology and biology of these animals. the present stud ... | 2018 | 29883575 |
| six reference-quality genomes reveal evolution of bat adaptations. | bats possess extraordinary adaptations, including flight, echolocation, extreme longevity and unique immunity. high-quality genomes are crucial for understanding the molecular basis and evolution of these traits. here we incorporated long-read sequencing and state-of-the-art scaffolding protocols1 to generate, to our knowledge, the first reference-quality genomes of six bat species (rhinolophus ferrumequinum, rousettus aegyptiacus, phyllostomus discolor, myotis myotis, pipistrellus kuhlii and mo ... | 2020 | 32699395 |
| assessment of the hindlimb membrane musculature of bats: implications for active control of the calcar. | the striking postcranial anatomy of bats reflects their specialized ecology; they are the only mammals capable of powered flight. bat postcranial adaptations include a series of membranes that connect highly-modified, or even novel, skeletal elements. while most studies of bat postcranial anatomy have focused on their wings, bat hindlimbs also contain many derived and functionally important, yet less studied, features. in this study, we investigate variation in the membrane and limb musculature ... | 2018 | 29418120 |
| do bats use guano and urine stains to find new roosts? tests with three group-living bats. | many animals use social cues to find refuges. bats can find roosts using the echolocation and social calls of conspecifics, but they might also use scent cues, a possibility which is less studied. the entrances of bat roosts are often marked by guano and urine, providing possible scent cues. we conducted eight experiments to test whether bats use the scent of guano and urine to find potential roosts. in field experiments, we tested if molossus molossus (velvety free-tailed bats) in panama and ep ... | 2020 | 33047058 |
| filamentous fungi occurrence on molossus molossus (pallas, 1766) (chiroptera: molossidae) present in an atlantic forest remnant in southern brazil. | the bats usually inhabit shelters with favorable conditions for fungal proliferation, including pathogenic and opportunistic species. the fungal diversity present on bats is little known and the studies are scarce in brazil, which only a work has been performed in cerrado and pantanal biomes. therefore, the objective of this study was evaluating the occurrence of filamentous fungi on the rostral region of molossus molossus in an atlantic forest remnant of brazil. the bats were captured with mist ... | 2020 | 33053139 |
| molecular surveillance reveals bats from eastern colombia infected with trypanosoma theileri and trypanosoma wauwau-like parasites. | several species of trypanosomes can infect bats (chiroptera), but current information about bat trypanosomes in colombia is scarce. the objectives of this study were to estimate the infection rate and to characterize the trypanosome species infecting bats from three rural regions near the municipality of cumaribo in vichada, colombia. blood samples were collected from 39 bats. dna was extracted from the blood samples and analyzed using nuclear genetic markers (ssu rdna, its rdna, and cathepsin g ... | 2020 | 33038611 |
| genetic variation between long-lived versus short-lived bats illuminates the molecular signatures of longevity. | bats are the longest-lived mammals given their body size with majority of species exhibiting exceptional longevity. however, there are some short-lived species that do not exhibit extended lifespans. here we conducted a comparative genomic and transcriptomic study on long-lived myotis myotis (maximum lifespan = 37.1 years) and short-lived molossus molossus (maximum lifespan = 5.6 years) to ascertain the genetic difference underlying their divergent longevities. genome-wide selection tests on 12, ... | 2020 | 32674072 |
| a new species of eimeria schneider, 1875 (apicomplexa: eimeriidae) from myotis riparius handley, 1960 (chiroptera: vespertilionidae) in the atlantic forest of brazil, with a checklist of eimeria spp. reported from bats. | a new coccidian species of the genus eimeria schneider, 1875 (apicomplexa: eimeriidae), is reported from the bat host myotis riparius handley from ilha grande, a large island off the coast of the state of rio de janeiro, in southeastern brazil. | 2020 | 32124202 |
| comparative phylogeography of mainland and insular species of neotropical molossid bats (molossus). | historical events, habitat preferences, and geographic barriers might result in distinct genetic patterns in insular versus mainland populations. comparison between these two biogeographic systems provides an opportunity to investigate the relative role of isolation in phylogeographic patterns and to elucidate the importance of evolution and demographic history in population structure. herein, we use a genotype-by-sequencing approach (gbs) to explore population structure within three species of ... | 2020 | 31993120 |
| rabies virus and histoplasma suramericanum coinfection in a bat from southeastern brazil. | bats are essential to the global ecosystem, but their ability to harbour a range of pathogens has been widely discussed, as well as their role in the emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases. this paper describes the first report of coinfection by two zoonotic agents, rabies virus (rabv) and the fungus histoplasma suramericanum in a bat. the bat was from the molossus molossus species, and it was found during the daytime in the hallway of a public psychiatric hospital in a municipality i ... | 2020 | 31750629 |
| krykféie dicistrovirus: a novel dicistrovirus in velvety free-tailed bats from brazil. | the dicistroviridae family comprises positive single-stranded rna viruses that are classified into picornavirales order. these viruses are identified in arthropod hosts, including some having devastating economic consequences. here, we described and characterized a novel nearly complete dicistrovirus genome identified in liver samples of velvety free-tailed bats (molossus molossus) collected in june 2010 in araçatuba city, são paulo state, brazil. this novel virus presents a genome of 9262 nucle ... | 2019 | 31499226 |
| a new species of metadelphis travassos, 1944 (digenea: dicrocoeliidae) from the gall-bladder of molossus molossus (pallas) (chiroptera: molossidae) in the brazilian eastern amazon. | metadelphis tkachi n. sp. is described based on material from the gall-bladder of molossus molossus (pallas) (chiroptera: molossidae) in the brazilian eastern amazon. the main differentiating characters of the new species include lobed, tandem testes and elongated clusters of vitelline follicles commencing at the level of the seminal receptacle. the new species can be distinguished from metadelphis lenti (santos & gibson, 1998) and metadelphis apharyngotrema (marshall & miller, 1979) by the shap ... | 2019 | 31332673 |
| a paruterinid metacestode in the liver of a neotropical bat (molossus molossus). | we describe a case of microscopic liver lesion caused by larval cestode in a frugivorous bat (molossus molossus) from the western brazilian amazon. histopathological analysis of liver indicated the occurrence of metacestode associated with multifocal histiocytic response and the phylogenetic analysis of cox-i and 18s rdna genes indicated that the parasite belonged to the family paruterinidae. this is the first identification of cestodes of the family paruterinidae in bats and may suggest a broad ... | 2019 | 30684652 |
| noise as an informational cue for decision-making: the sound of rain delays bat emergence. | background noise can have strong negative consequences for animals, reducing individual fitness by masking communication signals, impeding prey detection and increasing predation risk. while the negative impacts of noise across taxa have been well documented, the use of noise as an informational cue, providing animals with reliable information on environmental conditions, has been less well studied. in the tropical rainforest, downpours can be intense and frequent. strong rainfall may impede eff ... | 2019 | 30665972 |
| heart rate reveals torpor at high body temperatures in lowland tropical free-tailed bats. | reduction in metabolic rate and body temperature is a common strategy for small endotherms to save energy. the daily reduction in metabolic rate and heterothermy, or torpor, is particularly pronounced in regions with a large variation in daily ambient temperature. this applies most strongly in temperate bat species (order chiroptera), but it is less clear how tropical bats save energy if ambient temperatures remain high. however, many subtropical and tropical species use some daily heterothermy ... | 2017 | 29308259 |