| the adrenal gland of stranded whales (kogia breviceps and mesoplodon europaeus): in vitro modulation of mitochondrial steroid enzyme activities. | the effects of adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth), cyclic amp (camp), nadph, krebs cycle intermediates (kcl), and metyrapone on the two key mitochondrial reactions in the biosynthesis of glucocorticoids--11 beta-hydroxylation and cholesterol cleavage--were studied in preparations from the adrenal glands of stranded whales (kogia breviceps and mesoplodon europaeus) and some terrestrial mammals. acth (30 pm) and camp (1.0 mm) enhanced the 11 beta-hydroxylation of [11-3h]deoxycorticosterone ([3h]do ... | 1987 | 2828152 |
| the adrenal gland of stranded whales (kogia breviceps and mesoplodon europaeus): morphology, hormonal contents, and biosynthesis of corticosteroids. | histochemical assays, hormonal quantitation, and steroid biosynthetic studies were carried out with adrenal glands obtained from four stranded whales of two different species (kogia breviceps and mesoplodon europaeus), and selected comparisons were made with the results of similar studies of adrenals from terrestrial mammals (man, beef, rat). histochemical chemical assays of the whale glands for succinic dehydrogenase activity (sda) showed an intense sda-positive reaction in the peripheral corte ... | 1987 | 3428560 |
| cardiomyopathy in stranded pygmy and dwarf sperm whales. | necropsy and histologic examinations were performed in 23 pygmy sperm whales (kogia breviceps) and 6 dwarf sperm whales (kogia simus) that had been stranded singly or in cow-calf pairs along the southeastern coastline of the united states. at necropsy, the gross findings in the adult whales included pale, flabby right ventricles. microscopically, lesions in the hearts of the whales were characterized by moderate to extensive myocellular degeneration, atrophy, and fibrosis. similar changes were n ... | 1985 | 4077624 |
| first report of the acanthocephalan, bolbosoma vasculosum (rudolphi, 1819), from the pigmy sperm whale, kogia breviceps. | | 1971 | 5133890 |
| cetacean mitochondrial dna control region: sequences of all extant baleen whales and two sperm whale species. | the sequence of the mitochondrial control region was determined in all 10 extant species commonly assigned to the suborder mysticeti (baleen or whalebone whales) and to two odontocete (toothed whale) species (the sperm and the pygmy sperm whale). in the mysticetes, both the length and the sequence of the control region were very similar, with differences occurring primarily in the first approximately 160 bp of the 5' end of the l-strand of the region. there were marked differences between the my ... | 1993 | 8412655 |
| macroparasites in cetaceans stranded on the northwestern spanish atlantic coast. | an extensive parasitological survey was carried out during autopsy of 80 cetaceans representing 8 species within 4 families (delphinus delphis, stenella coeruleoalba, tursiops truncatus, grampus griseus, globicephala melas, kogia breviceps, phocoena phocoena and megaptera novaeangliae) collected on the northwestern spanish atlantic coast from february 1991 to october 1996. two species of tetraphyllidean cestodes (phyllobothrium delphini and monorygma grimaldii), 2 ascaridoid nematodes (anisakis ... | 1998 | 9676247 |
| occurrence of anisakis physeteris baylis, 1923 and pseudoterranova sp. (nematoda) in pygmy sperm whale kogia breviceps (de blainvillei, 1838) (physeteridae) in northeastern coast of brazil. | | 1998 | 9698890 |
| predicted decline of protected whales based on molecular genetic monitoring of japanese and korean markets. | we present a two-tiered analysis of molecular genetic variation in order to determine the origins of whale' products purchased from retail markets in japan and the republic of (south) korea during 1993-1999. this approach combined phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial dna sequences for identification of protected species with a statistical comparison of intraspecific haplotype frequencies for distinguishing regional subpopulations or 'stocks' hunted for scientific research by the japanese and k ... | 2000 | 10902685 |
| genetic divergence and reproductive isolation between anisakis brevispiculata and anisakis physeteris (nematoda: anisakidae)s. | in order to assess the taxonomic status of anisakis brevispiculata dollfus, 1966 population samples of this taxon from central and south-eastern atlantic ocean were compared at 22 enzymatic loci with samples belonging to anisakis physeteris baylis, 1923 from the mediterranean sea and central-eastern atlantic ocean. very low interpopulational genetic divergence was observed both within a. brevispiculata (average d(nei) = 0.008) and within a. physeteris (d(nei) = 0.009) despite the geographic dist ... | 2001 | 11165265 |
| a novel trypanoplasm-like flagellate jarrellia atramenti n. g., n. sp. (kinetoplastida: bodonidae) and ciliates from the blowhole of a stranded pygmy sperm whale kogia breviceps (physeteridae): morphology, life cycle and potential pathogenicity. | the successful 6 mo rehabilitation of a stranded juvenile pygmy sperm whale kogia breviceps afforded the opportunity to study the poorly known protozoan fauna of the upper respiratory tract of cetaceans. mucus samples were collected by holding either a petri dish or glass slides over the blowhole for 3 to 5 exhalations; preparations were examined as wet mounts, and then stained with wrights-giemsa or gram stain. blood smears were stained with wrights-giemsa. unidentified spindle-shaped and unide ... | 2001 | 11383567 |
| subacute atropine toxicity in a pygmy sperm whale, kogia breviceps. | atropine, an anticholinergic agent commonly used in human and veterinary medicine, is reported to cause toxicity associated with its antimuscarinic action. a juvenile pygmy sperm whale, kogia breviceps, was treated with atropine in an attempt to relieve symptoms similar to pyloric stenosis, as has been used in humans. two doses of 0.01 mg/kg were given i.m., 12 hr apart, followed by three doses of 0.005 mg/kg i.m. s.i.d. over the next 3 days. symptoms associated with atropine toxicity developed ... | 2002 | 12216796 |
| sponge halogenated natural products found at parts-per-million levels in marine mammals. | several unknown, abundant brominated compounds (bcs) were recently detected in the blubber of dolphins and other marine mammals from queensland (northeast australia). the bcs were interpreted as potential natural products due to the lack of anthropogenic sources for these compounds. this study investigated whether some of the bcs accumulated by diverse marine mammal species are identical with natural bcs previously isolated from sponges (dysidea sp.) living in the same habitat. isolates from spo ... | 2002 | 12371475 |
| conservation of the 3'-untranslated regions of calmodulin mrnas in cetaceans. | three separate calmodulin (cam) genes (i, ii and iii) encoding an identical cam protein but differing in the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions of each of the three mrnas are present and highly conserved in all mammals (so far examined). primers complementary to the 3'- untranslated region (3'utr) of each of the three mrnas occurring in human, rat and mouse were synthesized and used to amplify regions of the 3'utr from genomic dna isolated from cetaceans, specifically from the bottled-nosed dolphin ... | 2003 | 12974475 |
| struvite penile urethrolithiasis in a pygmy sperm whale (kogia breviceps). | massive urolithiasis of the penile urethra was observed in an adult pygmy sperm whale (kogia breviceps) stranded on topsail island, north carolina, usa. calculi occupied the urethra from just distal to the sigmoid flexure to the tip of the penis for a length of 43 cm. a urethral diverticulum was present proximal to the calculi. the major portion of the multinodular urolith weighed 208 g and was 16 cm long x 3.7 cm diameter at the widest point. the urolith was composed of 100% struvite (magnesium ... | 2004 | 15465732 |
| evidence for a new species of anisakis dujardin, 1845: morphological description and genetic relationships between congeners (nematoda: anisakidae). | in the present study, a new biological species of anisakis dujardin, 1845, was detected in kogia breviceps and k. sima from west atlantic waters (coast of florida) on the basis of 19 (nuclear) structural genes studied by multilocus allozyme electrophoresis. fixed allele differences at 11 enzyme loci were found between specimens of both adults and larvae of the new species and the other anisakis spp. tested. reproductive isolation from a. brevispiculata dollfus, 1968 was demonstrated by the lack ... | 2005 | 16025205 |
| morbilliviral infection in a pygmy sperm whale (kogia breviceps) from taiwanese waters. | morbilliviral infection was diagnosed in an adult male pygmy sperm whale (kogia breviceps) from southwestern taiwan on the basis of pathological findings, immunohistochemical staining, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. the whale was found alive stranded on the beach and died after 5 days of medical care. it was thin and had dozens of nematode in the first stomach. the lungs were dark red and heavy. histopathological examination revealed diffuse, moderate bronchointerstitial pn ... | 2006 | 16644147 |
| anisakid nematodes from stranded pygmy sperm whales, kogia breviceps (kogiidae), in three localities of the yucatan peninsula, mexico. | the present paper reports the presence of 3 adult and juvenile anisakid nematode species: anisakis simplex, a. brevispiculata, and pseudoterranova ceticola, which were recovered from the digestive tract of stranded pygmy sperm whales (kogia breviceps) from 3 localities along the coast of the yucatan peninsula. the presence of these anisakid adult nematodes suggests that larval stages may occur in cephalopods or fishes used for human consumption, which represents a potential danger to public heal ... | 2006 | 17152967 |
| two stranded pygmy sperm whales (kogia breviceps) with anti-brucella antibodies in japan. | | 2007 | 17483383 |
| bartonella species detection in captive, stranded and free-ranging cetaceans. | we present prevalence of bartonella spp. for multiple cohorts of wild and captive cetaceans. one hundred and six cetaceans including 86 bottlenose dolphins (71 free-ranging, 14 captive in a facility with a dolphin experiencing debility of unknown origin, 1 stranded), 11 striped dolphins, 4 harbor porpoises, 3 risso's dolphins, 1 dwarf sperm whale and 1 pygmy sperm whale (all stranded) were sampled. whole blood (n = 95 live animals) and tissues (n = 15 freshly dead animals) were screened by pcr ( ... | 2008 | 18721502 |
| additional records of metazoan parasites from caribbean marine mammals, including genetically identified anisakid nematodes. | studies of marine mammal parasites in the caribbean are scarce. an assessment for marine mammal endo- and ectoparasites from puerto rico and the virgin islands, but extending to other areas of the caribbean, was conducted between 1989 and 1994. the present study complements the latter and enhances identification of anisakid nematodes using molecular markers. parasites were collected from 59 carcasses of stranded cetaceans and manatees from 1994 to 2006, including globicephala macrorhynchus, kogi ... | 2009 | 19582477 |
| metazoan parasites of cetaceans off the northeastern coast of brazil. | this study represents the first survey of the parasitic fauna of cetaceans off the northeastern coast of brazil. parasites were collected from 82 animals rescued from the states of ceará to bahia, including the archipelago of fernando de noronha. a total of 14 species of cetaceans were evaluated: sotalia guianensis, stenella sp., stenella clymene, stenella longirostris, stenella coeruleoalba, stenella frontalis, megaptera novaeangliae, peponocephala electra, steno bredanensis, kogia breviceps, k ... | 2010 | 20638793 |
| genetic analysis of anisakis typica (nematoda: anisakidae) from cetaceans of the northeast coast of brazil: new data on its definitive hosts. | anisakids from 5 different species of cetacean, kogia breviceps, peponocephala electra, stenella clymene, stenella longirostris and steno bredanensis, were submitted to genetic analysis. adults and larvae fixed in ethanol-formalin-acetic acid or in 70% ethanol for periods ranging from 10 months to 10 years were isolated from 9 cetaceans stranded on ceará coast, northeast brazil. the 18s rdna gene, its1, and specific anisakis typica its regions were amplified by pcr. 18s rdna and its1 region conf ... | 2011 | 21324600 |
| cryopreservation and in vitro culture of primary cell types from lung tissue of a stranded pygmy sperm whale (kogia breviceps). | current models for in vitro studies of tissue function and physiology, including responses to hypoxia or environmental toxins, are limited and rely heavily on standard 2-dimensional (2-d) cultures with immortalized murine or human cell lines. to develop a new more powerful model system, we have pursued methods to establish and expand cultures of primary lung cell types and reconstituted tissues from marine mammals. what little is known about the physiology of the deep-sea diving pygmy sperm whal ... | 2011 | 21501697 |
| rod monochromacy and the coevolution of cetacean retinal opsins. | cetaceans have a long history of commitment to a fully aquatic lifestyle that extends back to the eocene. extant species have evolved a spectacular array of adaptations in conjunction with their deployment into a diverse array of aquatic habitats. sensory systems are among those that have experienced radical transformations in the evolutionary history of this clade. in the case of vision, previous studies have demonstrated important changes in the genes encoding rod opsin (rh1), short-wavelength ... | 2013 | 23637615 |
| pseudogenization of the tooth gene enamelysin (mmp20) in the common ancestor of extant baleen whales. | whales in the suborder mysticeti are filter feeders that use baleen to sift zooplankton and small fish from ocean waters. adult mysticetes lack teeth, although tooth buds are present in foetal stages. cladistic analyses suggest that functional teeth were lost in the common ancestor of crown-group mysticeti. dna sequences for the tooth-specific genes, ameloblastin (ambn), enamelin (enam) and amelogenin (amel), have frameshift mutations and/or stop codons in this taxon, but none of these molecular ... | 2010 | 20861053 |
| giardia and cryptosporidium in cetaceans on the european atlantic coast. | the occurrence of giardia and cryptosporidium was investigated in cetacean specimens stranded on the northwestern coast of spain (european atlantic coast) by analysis of 65 samples of large intestine from eight species. the parasites were identified by direct immunofluorescence antibody test (ifat) and by pcr amplification of the β-giardin gene, the its1-5.8s-its2 region and the ssu-rdna gene of giardia and the ssu-rdna gene of cryptosporidium. giardia and cryptosporidium were detected in 7 (10. ... | 2015 | 25418072 |
| environmental contamination and marine mammals in coastal waters from argentina: an overview. | environmental contamination become an increasing global problem. different scientific strategies have been developed in order to assess the impact of pollutants on marine ecosystems. the distribution of toxic contaminants in tissues of different marine mammal species--both cetaceans and pinnipeds--has been studied in many ecosystems, as well as several related ecological processes, like pollutant accumulation or transfer through the food web. a research program directed towards evaluating the oc ... | 1994 | 7973603 |
| marine mammal strandings in the new caledonia region, southwest pacific. | four hundred twenty three marine mammals, in 72 stranding events, were recorded between 1877 and 2005 in new caledonia, the loyalty islands, and vanuatu in the southwest pacific. sixteen species were represented in this count, including: minke whale, balaenoptera acutorostrata (1 single stranding), sei whale, b. borealis (1 single stranding), blue whale, b. musculus (1 single stranding), humpback whale, megaptera novaeangliae (2 single strandings), giant sperm whale, physeter macrocephalus (18 s ... | 2006 | 16644500 |
| cdna-derived amino acid sequences of myoglobins from nine species of whales and dolphins. | we determined the myoglobin (mb) cdna sequences of nine cetaceans, of which six are the first reports of mb sequences: sei whale (balaenoptera borealis), bryde's whale (balaenoptera edeni), pygmy sperm whale (kogia breviceps), stejneger's beaked whale (mesoplodon stejnegeri), longman's beaked whale (indopacetus pacificus), and melon-headed whale (peponocephala electra), and three confirm the previously determined chemical amino acid sequences: sperm whale (physeter macrocephalus), common minke w ... | 2006 | 16962803 |
| determination of perfluorinated alkyl acid concentrations in biological standard reference materials. | standard reference materials (srms) are homogeneous, well-characterized materials used to validate measurements and improve the quality of analytical data. the national institute of standards and technology (nist) has a wide range of srms that have mass fraction values assigned for legacy pollutants. these srms can also serve as test materials for method development, method validation, and measurement for contaminants of emerging concern. because inter-laboratory comparison studies have revealed ... | 2012 | 22476786 |
| immunopathological study of parasitic cholangitis in cetaceans. | this paper describes the immunophenotype of cellular inflammatory infiltrates in chronic cholangitis in six common dolphins (delphinus delphis), four striped dolphins (stenella coeruleoalba), three atlantic spotted dolphins (stenella frontalis) and one pygmy sperm whale (kogia breviceps) found stranded along the coasts of the canary islands (spain). a panel of 5 antibodies previously tested in dolphins (anti-cd3, -igg, -mhc class ii, -s100 protein and -lysozyme) were used. the present work also ... | 2013 | 23809732 |
| evolutionary patterns among living and fossil kogiid sperm whales: evidence from the neogene of central america. | kogiids are known by two living species, the pygmy and dwarf sperm whale (kogia breviceps and k. sima). both are relatively rare, and as their names suggest, they are closely related to the sperm whale, all being characterized by the presence of a spermaceti organ. however, this organ is much reduced in kogiids and may have become functionally different. here we describe a fossil kogiid from the late miocene of panama and we explore the evolutionary history of the group with special attention to ... | 2015 | 25923213 |
| annotated checklist and fisheries interactions of cetaceans in togo, with evidence of antarctic minke whale in the gulf of guinea. | based on strandings and captures, 9 cetacean species, including 6 odontocetes and 3 mysticetes, are documented (photos and specimens) in togo's coastal waters (newly-recorded species marked with an asterisk): antarctic minke whale (balaenoptera bonaerensis*), bryde's whale (balaenoptera brydei or b. edeni), humpback whale (megaptera novaeangliae), sperm whale (physeter macrocephalus), pygmy sperm whale (kogia breviceps*), short-finned pilot whale (globicephala macrorhynchus*), pantropical spotte ... | 2014 | 24447657 |
| anatomic features of the cetacean globe. | to provide measurements of globe dimensions and describe morphological characteristics of the cetacean globe with an emphasis on bowman's layer and encapsulated sensory corpuscles (esc) for available cetacean species. | 2013 | 23414484 |
| lipid class and depth-specific thermal properties in the blubber of the short-finned pilot whale and the pygmy sperm whale. | blubber, the specialized hypodermis of cetaceans, provides thermal insulation through the quantity and quality of lipids it contains. quality refers to percent lipid content; however, not all lipids are the same. certain deep-diving cetacean groups possess blubber with lipids - wax esters (we) - that are not typically found in mammals, and the insulative quality of 'waxy' blubber is unknown. our study explored the influence of lipid storage class - specifically we in pygmy sperm whales (kogia br ... | 2012 | 22972895 |
| histological, immunohistochemical and pathological features of the pituitary gland of odontocete cetaceans from the western gulf of mexico. | pituitary glands were recovered from dolphins and small whales found stranded along the texas coast of the gulf of mexico over a 15-year period (1991-2006). one hundred animals of 14 species were found to be suitable for inclusion in this study. of these, 72 were atlantic bottlenose dolphins (tursiops truncatus). other species included were the melon-headed whale (peponocephala electra), spinner dolphin (stenella longirostris), striped dolphin (stenella coeruleoalba), pantropical spotted dolphin ... | 2008 | 18621384 |
| accumulation of organotin compounds in tissues and organs of stranded whales along the coasts of thailand. | concentrations of butyltin (bt) and phenyltin (pt) compounds were measured in organs and tissues of five species of whales (bride's whale [balaenoptera edeni], false killer whale [pseudorca crassidens], pygmy sperm whale [kogia breviceps], short-finned pilot whale [globicephala macrorhynchus], and sperm whale [physeter macrocephalus]) found stranded on the coasts of thailand. the mean concentrations of bts in various whales were in the range of 0.157 to 1.03 mg kg(-1 )wet weight, which were high ... | 2007 | 17285238 |
| trace elements in two odontocete species (kogia breviceps and globicephala macrorhynchus) stranded in new caledonia (south pacific). | liver, muscle and blubber tissues of two short-finned pilot whales (globicephala macrorhynchus) and two pygmy sperm whales(kogia breviceps) stranded on the coast of new caledonia have been analysed for 12 trace elements (al, cd, co, cr, cu. fe, organic and total hg, mn, ni, se, v, and zn). liver was shown to be the most important accumulating organ for cd, cu, fe, hg, se, and zn in both species, g. macrorhynchus having the highest cd, hg, se and zn levels. in this species, concentrations of tota ... | 2003 | 12713926 |
| morphology of the complex laryngeal gland in the atlantic bottlenose dolphin, tursiops truncatus. | a complex lymphoepithelial gland is a constant feature in the larynx of atlantic bottlenose dolphins, tursiops truncatus, based on study of 56 animals. larynges were removed from fresh, non-decomposed beach-stranded animals for gross examination and histological sampling. a large lymphoepithelial gland occurs in the rostro-ventral mucosa of the larynx, overlying the cricoid cartilage. it presents as a well-defined, elevated, and heavily trabeculated area. histological examination reveals a pseud ... | 1999 | 9892423 |
| metazoan parasites from odontocetes off new zealand: new records. | information about the parasite fauna of spectacled porpoises and cetaceans from new zealand waters in general is scarce. this study takes advantage of material archived in collections of the otago museum in dunedin and massey university in auckland, sampled from cetacean species found stranded along the new zealand coastline between 2007 and 2014. parasites from seven species of cetaceans (spectacled porpoise, phocoena dioptrica (n = 2 individuals examined); pygmy sperm whale (n = 1); long-finne ... | 2017 | 28799088 |
| high diversity and unique composition of gut microbiomes in pygmy (kogia breviceps) and dwarf (k. sima) sperm whales. | mammals host diverse bacterial and archaeal symbiont communities (i.e. microbiomes) that play important roles in digestive and immune system functioning, yet cetacean microbiomes remain largely unexplored, in part due to sample collection difficulties. here, fecal samples from stranded pygmy (kogia breviceps) and dwarf (k. sima) sperm whales were used to characterize the gut microbiomes of two closely-related species with similar diets. 16s rrna gene sequencing revealed diverse microbial communi ... | 2017 | 28775301 |
| looking into a whale's heart: investigating a genetic basis for cardiomyopathy in a non-model species. | understanding the pathogenesis of complex diseases can benefit from multi-species comparative studies. yet these studies rarely include natural populations of non-model species. here, we focused on the cause of a heart muscle disease, cardiomyopathy (cm), affecting multiple mammalian species including humans, cats, dogs, and certain species of whales. mutations in genes coding for sarcomeric proteins have been identified as a leading cause for cm in humans, and some were also revealed to be resp ... | 2017 | 28654758 |
| anisakis dujardin, 1845 infection (nematoda: anisakidae) in pygmy sperm whale kogia breviceps blainville, 1838 from west pacific region off the coast of philippine archipelago. | cetaceans are definitive hosts of anisakid nematodes known to cause human anisakidosis. despite the reported strandings of different cetaceans in the philippines, studies on anisakids from these definitive hosts are limited. here, the morphologically and molecularly identified anisakid species, specifically those of the genus anisakis dujardin, 1845 in stranded pygmy sperm whale kogia breviceps blainville, 1838 in the west pacific region off philippine waters are presented. morphological data us ... | 2016 | 27300704 |
| stranding events of kogia whales along the brazilian coast. | the genus kogia, which comprises only two extant species, kogia sima and kogia breviceps, represents one of the least known groups of cetaceans in the global ocean. in some coastal regions, however, stranding events of these species have been relatively common over the last decades. stranding provides the opportunity to investigate the biology of these cetaceans and to explore the epidemiological aspects associated with the mortality of the organisms found on the beach. a number of disturbances ... | 2016 | 26730951 |
| albicetus oxymycterus, a new generic name and redescription of a basal physeteroid (mammalia, cetacea) from the miocene of california, and the evolution of body size in sperm whales. | living sperm whales are represented by only three species (physeter macrocephalus, kogia breviceps and kogia sima), but their fossil record provides evidence of an ecologically diverse array of different forms, including morphologies and body sizes without analog among living physeteroids. here we provide a redescription of ontocetus oxymycterus, a large but incomplete fossil sperm whale specimen from the middle miocene monterey formation of california, described by remington kellogg in 1925. th ... | 2015 | 26651027 |
| acoustic property reconstruction of a pygmy sperm whale (kogia breviceps) forehead based on computed tomography imaging. | computed tomography (ct) imaging and sound experimental measurements were used to reconstruct the acoustic properties (density, velocity, and impedance) of the forehead tissues of a deceased pygmy sperm whale (kogia breviceps). the forehead was segmented along the body axis and sectioned into cross section slices, which were further cut into sample pieces for measurements. hounsfield units (hus) of the corresponding measured pieces were obtained from ct scans, and regression analyses were conduc ... | 2015 | 26627786 |
| morphology of the nasal apparatus in pygmy (kogia breviceps) and dwarf (k. sima) sperm whales. | odontocete echolocation clicks are generated by pneumatically driven phonic lips within the nasal passage, and propagated through specialized structures within the forehead. this study investigated the highly derived echolocation structures of the pygmy (kogia breviceps) and dwarf (k. sima) sperm whales through careful dissections (n = 18 k. breviceps, 6 k. sima) and histological examinations (n = 5 k. breviceps). this study is the first to show that the entire kogiid sound production and transm ... | 2015 | 25931415 |
| morphological and molecular observations on the status of crassicauda magna, a parasite of the subcutaneous tissues of the pygmy sperm whale, with a re-evaluation of the systematic relationships of the genus crassicauda. | members of the genus crassicauda (nematoda: spirurida) are parasites of the body tissues of whales and dolphins. owing to the large size of worms and difficulties in the recovery of entire nematodes from the tissues of hosts, limited information is available on morphological descriptions of both male and female worms. furthermore, there are currently no available sequence data for this genus to assist with such identifications. this paper describes for the first time features of the anterior ext ... | 2015 | 25482860 |
| structure, material characteristics and function of the upper respiratory tract of the pygmy sperm whale. | cetaceans are neckless, so the trachea is very short. the upper respiratory tract is separate from the mouth and pharynx, and the dorsal blowhole connects, via the vestibular and nasopalatine cavities, directly to the larynx. toothed cetaceans (odontoceti) are capable of producing sounds at depth, either for locating prey or for communication. it has been suggested that during dives, air from the lungs and upper respiratory tract can be moved to the vestibular and nasal cavities to permit sound ... | 2013 | 24072789 |
| gastrointestinal leiomyosarcoma in a pygmy sperm whale (kogia breviceps). | an adult male pygmy sperm whale (kogia breviceps) was stranded within a tidal pool on fernandina beach on the north florida atlantic coast (usa) and expired soon after discovery. necropsy findings included a small intestinal mass markedly expanding the intestinal wall and partially obstructing the lumen. this finding likely led to the malnutrition and ultimately the stranding of this whale. the differential diagnoses for the mass based on gross evaluation included a duodenal adenocarcinoma, leio ... | 2013 | 24063105 |
| sarcoplasmic masses in the skeletal muscle of a stranded pigmy sperm whale (kogia breviceps). | we measured the abundance of sarcoplasmic masses within skeletal muscle myocytes of an adult female stranded pigmy sperm whale (kogia breviceps). the presence of these masses in other species has been reported in association with myopathies, including myotonic dystrophy, the most frequently related pathology. other histopathologic muscle changes included a high number of internal nuclei, variations in fiber size and shape, and the predominance of type i fibers. | 2013 | 23778621 |
| locomotor muscle profile of a deep (kogia breviceps) versus shallow (tursiops truncatus) diving cetacean. | when a marine mammal dives, breathing and locomotion are mechanically uncoupled, and its locomotor muscle must power swimming when oxygen is limited. the morphology of that muscle provides insight into both its oxygen storage capacity and its rate of oxygen consumption. this study investigated the m. longissimus dorsi, an epaxial swimming muscle, in the long duration, deep-diving pygmy sperm whale (kogia breviceps) and the short duration, shallow-diving atlantic bottlenose dolphin (tursiops trun ... | 2013 | 23355398 |
| influence of mercury and selenium chemistries on the progression of cardiomyopathy in pygmy sperm whales, kogia breviceps. | more than half of pygmy sperm whales (kogia breviceps) that strand exhibit signs of cardiomyopathy (cmp). many factors may contribute to the development of idiopathic cmp in k. breviceps, including genetics, infectious agents, contaminants, biotoxins, and dietary intake (e.g. selenium, mercury, and pro-oxidants). this study assessed trace elements in k. breviceps at various stages of cmp progression using fresh frozen liver and heart samples collected from individuals that stranded along us atla ... | 2012 | 22704211 |
| microvascular patterns in the blubber of shallow and deep diving odontocetes. | blubber, a specialized form of subdermal adipose tissue, surrounds marine mammal bodies. typically, adipose tissue is perfused by capillaries but information on blubber vascularization is lacking. this study's goals were to: 1) describe and compare the microvasculature (capillaries, microarterioles, and microvenules) of blubber across odontocete species; 2) compare microvasculature of blubber to adipose tissue; and 3) examine relationships between blubber's lipid composition and its microvascula ... | 2012 | 22592863 |
| endobronchial sand casts: an unusual marker of saltwater immersion in a juvenile pygmy sperm whale (kogia breviceps). | | 2011 | 20853180 |
| lung size and thoracic morphology in shallow- and deep-diving cetaceans. | shallow-diving, coastal bottlenose dolphins (tursiops truncatus) and deep-diving, pelagic pygmy and dwarf sperm whales (kogia breviceps and k. sima) will experience vastly different ambient pressures at depth, which will influence the volume of air within their lungs and potentially the degree of thoracic collapse they experience. this study tested the hypotheses that lung size will be reduced and/or thoracic mobility will be enhanced in deeper divers. lung mass (t. truncatus, n = 106; kogiids, ... | 2010 | 20077515 |
| predation by killer whales (orcinus orca) and the evolution of whistle loss and narrow-band high frequency clicks in odontocetes. | a disparate selection of toothed whales (odontoceti) share striking features of their acoustic repertoires including the absence of whistles and high frequency but weak (low peak-to-peak source level) clicks that have a relatively long duration and a narrow bandwidth. the non-whistling, high frequency click species include members of the family phocoenidae, members of one genus of delphinids, cephalorhynchus, the pygmy sperm whale, kogia breviceps, and apparently the sole member of the family po ... | 2007 | 17584238 |
| a functional comparison of the hyolingual complex in pygmy and dwarf sperm whales (kogia breviceps and k. sima), and bottlenose dolphins (tursiops truncatus). | the function of the hyolingual complex in three odontocete species was investigated to compare adaptations of divergent feeding strategies, suction and ram feeding. pygmy and dwarf sperm whales, members of the genus kogia (or kogiids), are known to be strong suction feeders. we tested the hypotheses that kogiids would have a larger, more robust hyolingual complex, and that hyolingual muscles would have a greater maximum theoretical muscle tension compared with ram-based feeders such as bottlenos ... | 2007 | 17555545 |
| feeding kinematics of kogia and tursiops (odontoceti: cetacea): characterization of suction and ram feeding. | the feeding kinematics of dwarf and pygmy sperm whales (kogia sima and k. breviceps) and bottlenose dolphins tursiops truncatus were characterized and compared incorporating the ram-suction index (rsi). mean rsi data support a suction feeding strategy for kogia (-0.67+/-0.29; mean +/- s.d.) and a ram feeding strategy for tursiops (0.94+/-0.11; mean +/- s.d.). tursiops displayed two ram-based feeding behaviours: open gape approach, where gape was at least 50% of maximum in the first video field, ... | 2005 | 16169949 |
| neuron numbers in sensory cortices of five delphinids compared to a physeterid, the pygmy sperm whale. | with its large mass and enormous gyrification, the neocortex of whales and dolphins has always been a challenge to neurobiologists. here we analyse the relationship between neuron number per cortical unit in three different sensory areas and brain mass in six different toothed whale species, five delphinids and one physeterid. cortex samples, including primary cortical areas of the auditory, visual, and somatosensory systems were taken from both hemispheres of brains fixed in 10% buffered formal ... | 2005 | 16144614 |
| mycotic dermatitis in an atlantic white-sided dolphin, a pygmy sperm whale, and two harbor seals. | an atlantic white-sided dolphin (lagenorhynchus acutus), a pygmy sperm whale (kogia breviceps), 2 harbor seals (phoca vitulina) developed raised, firm, erythematous, cutaneous nodules that were most prominent on their heads, trunks, and on the caudal portions of their bodies. prior to the onset of the condition, all 4 animals may have been stressed by factors such as being stranded on a beach, being transported long distances, or being relocated locally. microbial culturing of the lesions on mul ... | 1996 | 8617632 |
| treatment of a strandling whale (kogia breviceps). | a stranded young pygmy sperm whale was nursed for four days in a pool, fed an artificial diet via a stomach tube and injected intramuscularly with antibiotics and corticosteroids. initially unable to maintain her balance or to swim, she showed progressive improvement and by the third day could swim and dive quite strongly. early on the fifth day her condition rapidly worsened and she died. an autopsy revealed extensive deep bruising in the head and mid-abdominal regions consistent with injuries ... | 1984 | 16031036 |
| stepwise sequence determination from the carboxyl terminus of peptides. | the thiocyanate method for stepwise degradation of peptides from their cooh termini [stark, g. r. (1968) biochemistry 7, 1796] has been investigated. the method involves first the reaction of the cooh-terminal residue with thiocyanate in an activation solvent of acetic acid and acetic anhydride and then cleavage of the cooh-terminal residue as its 2-thiohydantoin by acetohydroxamate in aqueous solution. the two steps of the degradation have been studied by using model peptides, and conditions ha ... | 1982 | 7138804 |
| karyotypes and idiograms of sperm and pygmy sperm whales. | | 1973 | 4778107 |