| microflora associated with the skin of the bowhead whale (balaena mysticetus). | a study of the microbiological flora isolated from cultures of normal and lesional skin tissue samples collected from 19 bowhead whales (balaena mysticetus) over a 4 yr period is presented. these cultures were obtained from 30 tissue samples (17 normal, 13 lesion) and 248 swab samples (157 normal, 91 lesion). seven hundred-thirty bacterial and yeast isolations were made (285 normal, 445 lesion). distribution revealed that 56% of the gram positive bacterial isolates, 75% of the gram negative bact ... | 1990 | 2388358 |
| serology and virology of the bowhead whale (balaena mysticetus l.). | sera from four bowhead whales (balaena mysticetus l.) were examined for the presence of specific antibodies, and tissue and swab samples from six and four animals respectively were processed for isolation of viruses and for initiation of bowhead whale cell cultures. all sera were negative for antibodies to nine serovars of leptospira interrogans and to 21 orthomyxovirus subtypes and a paramyxovirus (newcastle disease virus). all sera were positive, however, for neutralizing antibodies to one or ... | 1987 | 3820430 |
| cetacean mitochondrial dna control region: sequences of all extant baleen whales and two sperm whale species. | the sequence of the mitochondrial control region was determined in all 10 extant species commonly assigned to the suborder mysticeti (baleen or whalebone whales) and to two odontocete (toothed whale) species (the sperm and the pygmy sperm whale). in the mysticetes, both the length and the sequence of the control region were very similar, with differences occurring primarily in the first approximately 160 bp of the 5' end of the l-strand of the region. there were marked differences between the my ... | 1993 | 8412655 |
| concentrations of chlorinated hydrocarbons and trace elements in marine mammal tissues archived in the u.s. national biomonitoring specimen bank. | the u.s. national biomonitoring specimen bank (nbsb) provides for the long term storage of well documented and preserved specimens representing several types of environmental matrices. a major part of this inventory consists of marine mammal tissues (e.g., blubber, liver, kidney, and muscle). within the nbsb selected specimens are periodically analyzed for chlorinated hydrocarbons and trace elements. although only 20% of the 560 marine mammal specimens in the nbsb have been analyzed, the databas ... | 1997 | 9159906 |
| viral serologic survey of bowhead whales in alaska. | serum samples from 21 of 36 eskimo harvested bowhead whales (balaena mysticetus) were positive by virus neutralization (50% endpoint titer > or = 1:28 and/or 100% endpoint titer > or = 1:20) for antibodies to at least one virus serotype from the calicivirus family, vesicular exanthema of swine virus (vesv) and san miguel sea lion virus (smsv). many animals were positive to more than one serotype when using the spearman-karber (s-k) method for calculating antibody titers. the most common serotype ... | 1998 | 9476224 |
| twenty years of trace metal analyses of marine mammals in alaska: evaluation and summation. | the compilation of existing data on contaminants in the marine food chain is essential in addressing concerns regarding the magnitude of potential human exposures and in the evaluation of subsistence food safety. this paper presents a summary of studies on trace metals in tissues of alaska marine mammals from the 1970s to the present, along with derived mean tissue trace metal concentrations. the derived mean can serve as a norm against which future monitoring results may be compared, and may be ... | 1998 | 10093345 |
| photoreceptor ultrastructure of the amphipod, cyamus ceti (linné, 1758), an ectoparasite of bowhead, right and gray whales. | light and electron microscopic findings are presented for the first time on a species of amphipod whale louse, cyamus ceti, with reference to the paired photoreceptor structures of the head. whale lice are crustacean ectoparasites of large, slow moving whales. twenty-two known species parasitize mainly baleens but also toothed whales. samples were collected from alaskan bowhead whales during an eskimo hunt. the photoreceptors, or compound eyes, were sessile and located on the dorsal cephalon. ea ... | 1999 | 10626006 |
| concentrations and interactions of selected essential and non-essential elements in bowhead and beluga whales of arctic alaska. | in this study, we evaluated concentrations of twelve essential and non-essential elements (as, cd, co, cu, pb, mg, mn, hg, mo, se, ag, and zn) in tissues of bowhead (balaena mysticetus) and beluga (delphinapterus leucas) whales from arctic alaska (usa) and northwestern canada. tissue samples were collected between 1983 and 1997, mostly in 1995-97. the essential elements are reported to develop reference ranges for health status determination, and to help assess known or suspected interactions af ... | 2001 | 11763733 |
| serologic evidence of influenza a infection in marine mammals of arctic canada. | a serologic survey of influenza a antibodies was undertaken on 1,611 blood samples from five species of marine mammals collected from arctic canada from 1984-98. sampling was done in 24 locations throughout the canadian arctic encompassing sachs harbor (72 degrees n, 125 degrees w), northwest territories in the west to loks land (63 degrees n, 64 degrees w), nunavut in the east, to eureka (80 degrees n, 86 degrees w), nunavut in the north to sanikiluaq (56 degrees n, 79 degrees w), nunavut in th ... | 2001 | 11763748 |
| trophic transfer of persistent organochlorine contaminants (ocs) within an arctic marine food web from the southern beaufort-chukchi seas. | stable isotope values (13c, 15n) and concentrations of persistent organochlorine contaminants (ocs) were determined to evaluate the near-shore marine trophic status of biota and biomagnification of ocs from the southern beaufort-chukchi seas (1999-2000) near barrow, ak. the biota examined included zooplankton (calanus spp.), fish species such as arctic cod (boreogadus saida), arctic char (salvelinus alpinus), pink salmon (oncorhynchus gorbuscha), and fourhorn sculpin (myoxocephalus quadricornis) ... | 2003 | 12758030 |
| enantiomer-specific biomagnification of alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane and selected chiral chlordane-related compounds within an arctic marine food web. | concentrations of achiral and chiral organochlorine contaminants (ocs), including hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (hch), chlordane congeners (cis- and trans-chlordane, cis- and trans-nonachlor, mc5, mc7, and u82), and related metabolites (oxychlordane [oxy] and heptachlor exo-epoxide [hepx]), were quantified in seawater (100 l; n = 6) and biota from the coastal beaufort-chukchi seas food web near barrow (ak, usa). the biota included zooplankton (calanus spp.; n = 5), fish species such as arctic co ... | 2003 | 14552014 |
| hydroxylated and methylsulfone-containing metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyls in the plasma and blubber of bowhead whales (balaena mysticetus). | bowhead whale (balaena mysticetus) blubber (n = 20) and plasma (n = 19) samples were collected during the 1997 to 2000 inuit subsistence harvests in barrow, alaska, usa, to quantify the concentrations of methylsulfone (meso2)-containing and hydroxylated (oh) polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) metabolites in this cetacean. the distribution of meso2-pcbs in blubber was dominated by 4-meso2-substituted congeners, the most abundant being 4-meso2-cb-70, 3'-meso2-cb-132, and 4-meso2-cb-64. mean (+/- 1 sta ... | 2003 | 14587904 |
| prehistoric inuit whalers affected arctic freshwater ecosystems. | it is commonly assumed that high arctic lakes and ponds were not affected by direct local human activities before the arrival of europeans, because most native peoples were primarily nomadic, maintained relatively low population densities, and practiced unintrusive hunting and gathering technologies. our archeological and paleolimnological data show that this was not always the case. thule inuit whalers, whose winter settlements consisted of houses constructed from the bones of bowhead whales on ... | 2004 | 14745043 |
| impact of economic changes on the diet of chukotka natives. | this paper describes and analyses changes in food composition and nutritional preferences among the chukchi and yupik of coastal chukotka in the last 15 years. the economic collapse of the infrastructure of chukotka region has resulted in many indigenous northerners reverting to the traditional subsistence economy. relatively expensive market foods are being replaced by cheaper ones, and by more readily available local foods. percent contribution of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates to total ca ... | 2004 | 15526927 |
| concentrations of persistent organochlorine contaminants in bowhead whale tissues and other biota from northern alaska: implications for human exposure from a subsistence diet. | bowhead whale (balaena mysticetus; n = 5) blubber, liver, muscle, kidney, heart, diaphragm, tongue, and uncooked maktak (bowhead whale epidermis and blubber) were collected during subsistence hunts at barrow, ak, usa (1997-1999) to measure concentrations of persistent organochlorine contaminants (ocs). the exposure of humans to ocs via bowhead whales and other biota [fish, ringed (phoca hispida) and bearded seals (erignathus barbatus), and beluga whale (delphinapterus leucas)] as part of a subsi ... | 2005 | 15910787 |
| concentrations of selected persistent organochlorine contaminants in store-bought foods from northern alaska. | we address marine and terrestrial mammal blubber, liver, muscle, kidney, heart, tongue, maktak and maktaaq (epidermis and blubber from bowhead, beluga whales, respectively), and fish muscle and livers, as commonly consumed tissues in subsistence communities across northern alaska in the context of organochlorine (oc) contamination of store-bought foods. human exposure to contaminants from biota, as part of a subsistence diet, has been superficially evaluated in numerous studies (focused on liver ... | 2005 | 16277115 |
| genetic identification of novel poxviruses of cetaceans and pinnipeds. | novel poxviruses were identified in skin lesions of several species of cetaceans and pinnipeds using polymerase chain reaction targeting dna polymerase and dna topoisomerase i genes of members of the subfamily chordopoxvirinae. with the exception of parapoxviruses, no molecular data of marine mammal poxviruses were available to infer genetic and evolutionary relatedness to terrestrial vertebrate poxviruses. viruses were assigned to a cetacean poxvirus 1 (cpv-1) group based on nucleotide and amin ... | 2006 | 16328132 |
| ancestral telomere shortening: a countdown that will increase mean life span? | like cells, all mammals have a limited life span. among cells there are a few exceptions (e.g., immortal cells), among mammals not, even if some of them live longer. many in vitro and in vivo studies support the consensus that telomere length is strongly correlated with life span. at the somatic cellular level, long telomeres have been associated with longer life span. a different situation can be seen in immortal cells, such as cancer, germ and stem cells, where telomeres are maintained by telo ... | 2006 | 16530337 |
| diversity and duplication of dqb and drb-like genes of the mhc in baleen whales (suborder: mysticeti). | the molecular diversity and phylogenetic relationships of two class ii genes of the baleen whale major histocompatibility complex were investigated and compared to toothed whales and out-groups. amplification of the dqb exon 2 provided sequences showing high within-species and between-species nucleotide diversity and uninterrupted reading frames consistent with functional class ii loci found in related mammals (e.g., ruminants). cloning of amplified products indicated gene duplication in the hum ... | 2006 | 16568262 |
| blood rheology of weddell seals and bowhead whales. | red blood cell (rbc) aggregation and blood viscosity are important determinants of in vivo blood flow dynamics and, in marine mammals, these parameters may impact diving physiology by altering blood oxygen delivery during the diving response. weddell seals are superb divers and exhibit age-related patterns in blood oxygen chemistry and diving ability. by contrast, bowhead whales are not long duration divers, and little is known of their blood properties relative to diving. the present study was ... | 2006 | 16627927 |
| theoretical paper: exploring overlooked natural mitochondria-rejuvenative intervention: the puzzle of bowhead whales and naked mole rats. | there is an imperative need for exploring and implementing mitochondria-rejuvenative interventions that can bridge the current gap toward the step-by step realization of strategies for engineered negligible senescence (sens) agenda. recently discovered in mammals, natural mechanism mitoptosis-a selective "suicide" of mutated mitochondria-can facilitate continuous purification of mitochondrial pool in an organism from the most reactive oxygen species (ros)-producing mitochondria. mitoptosis, whic ... | 2007 | 18072884 |
| arctic marine mammals and climate change: impacts and resilience. | evolutionary selection has refined the life histories of seven species (three cetacean [narwhal, beluga, and bowhead whales], three pinniped [walrus, ringed, and bearded seals], and the polar bear) to spatial and temporal domains influenced by the seasonal extremes and variability of sea ice, temperature, and day length that define the arctic. recent changes in arctic climate may challenge the adaptive capability of these species. nine other species (five cetacean [fin, humpback, minke, gray, an ... | 2008 | 18494369 |
| methusaleh's zoo: how nature provides us with clues for extending human health span. | as impressive as the accomplishments of modern molecular biologists have been in finding genetic alterations that lengthen life in short-lived model organisms, they pale in comparison to the remarkable diversity of lifespans produced by evolution. some animal species are now firmly documented to live for more than four centuries and even some mammals, like the bowhead whale, appear to survive 200 years or more. another group of species may not be as absolutely long-lived, but they are remarkably ... | 2010 | 19962715 |
| organochlorine and metal contaminants in traditional foods from st. lawrence island, alaska. | marine mammals (bowhead whale, walrus, and various seals) constitute the major component of the diet of the yupik people of st. lawrence island, alaska. st. lawrence island residents have higher serum concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcb) than in the general u.s. population. in order to determine potential sources, traditional food samples were collected from 2004 to 2009 and analyzed for pcbs, three chlorinated pesticides, and seven heavy metals (mercury, copper, zinc, arsenic, sele ... | 2011 | 21797772 |
| rod monochromacy and the coevolution of cetacean retinal opsins. | cetaceans have a long history of commitment to a fully aquatic lifestyle that extends back to the eocene. extant species have evolved a spectacular array of adaptations in conjunction with their deployment into a diverse array of aquatic habitats. sensory systems are among those that have experienced radical transformations in the evolutionary history of this clade. in the case of vision, previous studies have demonstrated important changes in the genes encoding rod opsin (rh1), short-wavelength ... | 2013 | 23637615 |
| insights into the evolution of longevity from the bowhead whale genome. | the bowhead whale (balaena mysticetus) is estimated to live over 200 years and is possibly the longest-living mammal. these animals should possess protective molecular adaptations relevant to age-related diseases, particularly cancer. here, we report the sequencing and comparative analysis of the bowhead whale genome and two transcriptomes from different populations. our analysis identifies genes under positive selection and bowhead-specific mutations in genes linked to cancer and aging. in addi ... | 0 | 25565328 |
| the transcriptome of the bowhead whale balaena mysticetus reveals adaptations of the longest-lived mammal. | mammals vary dramatically in lifespan, by at least two-orders of magnitude, but the molecular basis for this difference remains largely unknown. the bowhead whale balaena mysticetus is the longest-lived mammal known, with an estimated maximal lifespan in excess of two hundred years. it is also one of the two largest animals and the most cold-adapted baleen whale species. here, we report the first genome-wide gene expression analyses of the bowhead whale, based on the de novo assembly of its tran ... | 0 | 25411232 |
| is it 'boom times' for baleen whales in the pacific arctic region? | the marine ecosystem in the pacific arctic region has experienced dramatic transformation, most obvious by the loss of sea ice volume (75%), late-summer areal extent (50%) and change in phenology (four to six weeks longer open-water period). this alteration has resulted in an opening of habitat for subarctic species of baleen whales, many of which are recovering in number from severe depletions from commercial whaling in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. specifically, humpback, fin and min ... | 2016 | 27601724 |
| conservation markets for wildlife management with case studies from whaling. | although market-based incentives have helped resolve many environmental challenges, conservation markets still play a relatively minor role in wildlife management. establishing property rights for environmental goods and allowing trade between resource extractors and resource conservationists may offer a path forward in conserving charismatic species like whales, wolves, turtles, and sharks. in this paper, we provide a conceptual model for implementing a conservation market for wildlife and eval ... | 2014 | 24640529 |
| comparative anatomy of the foramen ovale in the hearts of cetaceans. | the structure of the cardiac foramen ovale from 17 species representing six cetacean families, the monodontidae, phocoenidae, delphinidae, ziphiidae, balaenidae and the balaenopteridae, was studied using the scanning electron microscope. eight white whale fetuses (delphinapterus leucas) and a narwhal fetus (monodon monoceros) represented the monodontidae; one fetal and nine neonatal harbour porpoises (phocoena phocoena) and a finless porpoise fetus (neophocoena phocoenoides) represented the phoc ... | 2007 | 17532800 |
| rewriting the history of an extinction-was a population of steller's sea cows (hydrodamalis gigas) at st lawrence island also driven to extinction? | the kommandorskiye islands population of steller's sea cow (hydrodamalis gigas) was extirpated ca 1768 ce. until now, steller's sea cow was thought to be restricted in historic times to bering and copper islands, russia, with other records in the last millennium from the western aleutian islands. however, steller's sea cow bone has been obtained by the authors from st lawrence island, alaska, which is significantly further north. bone identity was verified using analysis of mitochondrial dna. th ... | 2014 | 25428930 |
| an analysis of von economo neurons in the cerebral cortex of cetaceans, artiodactyls, and perissodactyls. | von economo neurons (vens) are specialized projection neurons with a characteristic spindle-shaped soma and thick basal and apical dendrites. vens have been described in restricted cortical regions, with their most frequent appearance in layers iii and v of the anterior cingulate cortex, anterior insula, and frontopolar cortex of humans, great apes, macaque monkeys, elephants, and some cetaceans. recently, a ubiquitous distribution of vens was reported in various cortical areas in the pygmy hipp ... | 2015 | 24852852 |
| marine mammals as global pollution indicators for organochlorines. | blubber tissues of the following marine mammals differing in their geographic distribution (north atlantic, north pacific, bering sea/arctic ocean), trophic level, and feeding habits were analyzed for their organochlorine contents: two seal species (harbor seals--phoca vitulina, northern fur seals--callorhinus ursinus), three toothed whale species (belukha whales--delphinapterus leucas, one common dolphin--delphinus delphis, one pilot whale--globicephala melaena), and one baleen whale species (a ... | 2013 | 9134673 |
| inactivation of c4orf26 in toothless placental mammals. | previous studies have reported inactivated copies of six enamel-related genes (ambn, amel, amtn, enam, klk4, mmp20) and one dentin-related gene (dspp) in one or more toothless vertebrates and/or vertebrates with enamelless teeth, thereby providing evidence that these genes are enamel or tooth-specific with respect to their critical functions that are maintained by natural selection. here, we employ available genome sequences for edentulous and enamelless mammals to evaluate the enamel specificit ... | 2016 | 26596502 |
| beyond thermoregulation: metabolic function of cetacean blubber in migrating bowhead and beluga whales. | the processes of lipid deposition and utilization, via the gene leptin (lep), are poorly understood in taxa with varying degrees of adipose storage. this study examines how these systems may have adapted in marine aquatic environments inhabited by cetaceans. bowhead (balaena mysticetus) and beluga whales (delphinapterus leucas) are ideal study animals-they possess large subcutaneous adipose stores (blubber) and undergo bi-annual migrations concurrent with variations in food availability. to answ ... | 2017 | 27573204 |
| a summary comparison of active acoustic detections and visual observations of marine mammals in the canadian beaufort sea. | fisheries sonar was used to determine the applicability of active acoustic monitoring (aam) for marine mammal detection in the canadian beaufort sea. during 170 h of simultaneous observation by marine mammal observers and active acoustic observation, 119 balaena mysticetus (bowheads) and 4 delphinapterus leucas (belugas) were visually sighted, while 59 acoustic signals of bowheads were detected by aam operators. observations and detection of seals were also recorded. comparative results indicate ... | 2016 | 26611045 |
| the evolution of arctic marine mammals. | this review deals only with the evolutionary history of core arctic marine mammals: polar bear (ursus maritimus), walrus (odobenus rosmarus), bearded seal (erignathus barbatus), harp seal (pagophilus groenlandica), ringed seal (phoca hispida), bowhead whale (balaena mysticetus), white whale (delphinapterus leucas), and narwhal (monodon monoceras). sections on the evolutionary background of pinnipeds and whales help to provide a better perspective on these core species. polar bears stemmed from b ... | 2008 | 18494361 |
| prevalence of cryptosporidium spp. and giardia spp. in five marine mammal species. | cryptosporidium spp. and giardia spp. are protozoan parasites that are often associated with severe diarrheal disease in a variety of mammals. although these parasites have been extensively studied in terrestrial ecosystems, little is known about either parasite in the marine environment. therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of both cryptosporidium spp. and giardia spp. in 5 marine mammal species. fecal samples were collected from 39 bowhead whales (balaena myst ... | 2005 | 16419775 |
| global distribution of halogenated dimethyl bipyrroles in marine mammal blubber. | four halogenated dimethyl bipyrroles (hdbps), hypothesized to be naturally produced, were quantitated in marine mammal blubber from a number of species obtained from various locations worldwide. hdbps were found in samples from all locations studied. concentrations of total hdbps (sigmahdbps) ranged from 0.4 ng/g lipid weight in ringed seals (phoca hispida) from the white sea to 2,540 ng/g lipid weight in dall's porpoise (phocoenoides dalli) from the northwestern north pacific ocean. at their hi ... | 2002 | 12115051 |
| bioaccumulation of vanadium and other trace metals in livers of alaskan cetaceans and pinnipeds. | concentrations for 38 elements are routinely measured in the marine mammal liver tissues archived in the national biomonitoring specimen bank (nbsb). results show that hepatic concentrations of vanadium, selenium, silver, cadmium, and mercury are positively correlated with age for beluga whales (delphinapterus leucas) and of vanadium, selenium, cadmium, and mercury with length for ringed seals (phoca hispada). many researchers have reported linear correlations of hepatic selenium, cadmium, and m ... | 1996 | 8661527 |
| seal and whale meat: two newly recognized food allergies. | alaska's marine mammals compose a large portion of the diet of indigenous coastal alaskan people. bowhead whales (balaena mysticetus) and bearded seals (erignathus barbatus), inhabitants of the bering and beaufort seas along alaska's western and northern coasts, are 2 of the most important subsistence species, serving as major food sources to the native population. | 2007 | 17225727 |
| eye, nose, hair, and throat: external anatomy of the head of a neonate gray whale (cetacea, mysticeti, eschrichtiidae). | information is scarce on gray whale (eschrichtius robustus) anatomy and that of mysticetes in general. dissection of the head of a neonatal gray whale revealed novel anatomical details of the eye, blowhole, incisive papilla with associated nasopalatine ducts, sensory hairs, and throat grooves. compared to a similar sized right whale calf, the gray whale eyeball is nearly twice as long. the nasal cartilages of the gray whale, located between the blowholes, differ from the bowhead in having access ... | 2015 | 25737431 |
| on the anatomy of the temporomandibular joint and the muscles that act upon it: observations on the gray whale, eschrichtius robustus. | the temporomandibular joint and its associated musculature are described in a neonate gray whale (eschrichtius robustus) and serve as the basis for direct anatomical comparisons with the temporomandibular region in other clades of baleen whales (mysticeti). members of the right whale/bowhead whale clade (balaenidae) are known to possess a synovial lower jaw joint, while members of the rorqual clade (balaenopteridae) have a nonsynovial temporomandibular joint characterized by a highly flexible fi ... | 2015 | 25737135 |
| spatial and seasonal distribution of american whaling and whales in the age of sail. | american whalemen sailed out of ports on the east coast of the united states and in california from the 18(th) to early 20(th) centuries, searching for whales throughout the world's oceans. from an initial focus on sperm whales (physeter macrocephalus) and right whales (eubalaena spp.), the array of targeted whales expanded to include bowhead whales (balaena mysticetus), humpback whales (megaptera novaeangliae), and gray whales (eschrichtius robustus). extensive records of american whaling in th ... | 2012 | 22558102 |
| structure of the integument of southern right whales, eubalaena australis. | skin (integument) anatomy reflects adaptations to particular environments. it is hypothesized that cetacean (whale) integument will show unique anatomical adaptations to an aquatic environment, particularly regarding differences in temperature, density, and pressure. in this study, the gross and histological structure of the southern right whale integument is described and compared with terrestrial mammals and previous descriptions of mysticete (baleen whale) and odontocete (toothed whale) speci ... | 2007 | 17516424 |
| hydration affects the physical and mechanical properties of baleen tissue. | baleen, an anisotropic oral filtering tissue found only in the mouth of mysticete whales and made solely of alpha-keratin, exhibits markedly differing physical and mechanical properties between dried or (as in life) hydrated states. on average baleen is 32.35% water by weight in north atlantic right whales (eubalaena glacialis) and 34.37% in bowhead whales (balaena mysticetus). baleen's wettability measured by water droplet contact angles shows that dried baleen is hydrophobic whereas hydrated b ... | 2016 | 27853579 |
| evolutionary loss of cone photoreception in balaenid whales reveals circuit stability in the mammalian retina. | the classical understanding of mammalian vision is that it occurs through "duplex" retinae containing both rod and cone photoreceptors, the signals from which are processed through rod- and/or cone-specific signaling pathways. the recent discovery of rod monochromacy in some cetacean lineages provides a novel opportunity to investigate the effects of an evolutionary loss of cone photoreception on retinal organization. sequence analysis of right whale (eubalaena glacialis; family balaenidae) cdna ... | 2016 | 26972896 |
| prevalence of algal toxins in alaskan marine mammals foraging in a changing arctic and subarctic environment. | current climate trends resulting in rapid declines in sea ice and increasing water temperatures are likely to expand the northern geographic range and duration of favorable conditions for harmful algal blooms (habs), making algal toxins a growing concern in alaskan marine food webs. two of the most common hab toxins along the west coast of north america are the neurotoxins domoic acid (da) and saxitoxin (stx). over the last 20 years, da toxicosis has caused significant illness and mortality in m ... | 2016 | 28073526 |
| bioaccumulation of organochlorine contaminants in bowhead whales (balaena mysticetus) from barrow, alaska. | bowhead whale (balaena mysticetus) blubber (n = 72) and liver (n = 23) samples were collected during seven consecutive subsistence harvests (1997-2000) at barrow, alaska, to investigate the bioaccumulation of organochlorine contaminants (ocs) by this long-lived mysticete. the rank order of oc group concentrations (geometric mean, wet weight) in bowhead blubber samples were toxaphene (tox; 455 ng/g) > polychlorinated biphenyls (sigmapcbs; 410 ng/g) > dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-related compou ... | 2002 | 11994792 |
| correlated velocity models as a fundamental unit of animal movement: synthesis and applications. | continuous time movement models resolve many of the problems with scaling, sampling, and interpretation that affect discrete movement models. they can, however, be challenging to estimate, have been presented in inconsistent ways, and are not widely used. | 2017 | 28496983 |
| molecular markers in keratins from mysticeti whales for species identification of baleen in museum and archaeological collections. | baleen has been harvested by indigenous people for thousands of years, as well as collected by whalers as an additional product of commercial whaling in modern times. baleen refers to the food-filtering system of mysticeti whales; a full baleen rack consists of dozens of plates of a tough and flexible keratinous material that terminate in bristles. due to its properties, baleen was a valuable raw material used in a wide range of artefacts, from implements to clothing. baleen is not widely used t ... | 2017 | 28854252 |
| molecular signatures of longevity: insights from cross-species comparative studies. | much of the current research on longevity focuses on the aging process within a single species. several molecular players (e.g. igf1 and mtor), pharmacological compounds (e.g. rapamycin and metformin), and dietary approaches (e.g. calorie restriction and methionine restriction) have been shown to be important in regulating and modestly extending lifespan in model organisms. on the other hand, natural lifespan varies much more significantly across species. within mammals alone, maximum lifespan d ... | 2017 | 28800931 |
| bowhead whale localization using time-difference-of-arrival data from asynchronous recorders. | this paper estimates bowhead whale locations and uncertainties using nonlinear bayesian inversion of the time-difference-of-arrival (tdoa) of low-frequency whale calls recorded on onmi-directional asynchronous recorders in the shallow waters of the northeastern chukchi sea, alaska. a y-shaped cluster of seven autonomous ocean-bottom hydrophones, separated by 0.5-9.2 km, was deployed for several months over which time their clocks drifted out of synchronization. hundreds of recorded whale calls a ... | 2017 | 28372102 |
| habitat degradation affects the summer activity of polar bears. | understanding behavioral responses of species to environmental change is critical to forecasting population-level effects. although climate change is significantly impacting species' distributions, few studies have examined associated changes in behavior. polar bear (ursus maritimus) subpopulations have varied in their near-term responses to sea ice decline. we examined behavioral responses of two adjacent subpopulations to changes in habitat availability during the annual sea ice minimum using ... | 2017 | 28247129 |
| evolutionary aspects of the development of teeth and baleen in the bowhead whale. | in utero, baleen whales initiate the development of several dozens of teeth in upper and lower jaws. these tooth germs reach the bell stage and are sometimes mineralized, but toward the end of prenatal life they are resorbed and no trace remains after birth. around the time that the germs disappear, the keratinous baleen plates start to form in the upper jaw, and these form the food-collecting mechanism. baleen whale ancestors had two generations of teeth and never developed baleen, and the pren ... | 2017 | 28070906 |
| summer molting of bowhead whales balaena mysticetus linnaeus, 1758, of the okhotsk sea population. | in bowhead whales summering in ulbanskiy bay of the okhotsk sea, molting of epidermis has been found and histologically confirmed. the outer layer of the molting whale epidermis is longitudinally stratified and rejected in the form of relatively large plates up to several millimeters thick, each representing a lamellar formation consisting of longitudinal rows of parakeratocytes with degenerated nuclei, numerous pigment granules, and lipid inclusions. molting intensity is correlated with the lev ... | 2016 | 28058605 |
| source level and calling depth distributions of migrating bowhead whale calls in the shallow beaufort sea. | automated and manual acoustic localizations of migrating bowhead whales were used to estimate source level and calling depth distributions of their frequency-modulated-modulated calls over seven years between 2008 and 2014. whale positions were initially triangulated using directional autonomous seafloor acoustic recorders, deployed between 25 and 55 m water depth near kaktovik, alaska, during the fall westward migration. calling depths were estimated by minimizing the "discrepancy" between sour ... | 2016 | 28040014 |
| dna evidence of bowhead whale exploitation by greenlandic paleo-inuit 4,000 years ago. | the demographic history of greenland is characterized by recurrent migrations and extinctions since the first humans arrived 4,500 years ago. our current understanding of these extinct cultures relies primarily on preserved fossils found in their archaeological deposits, which hold valuable information on past subsistence practices. however, some exploited taxa, though economically important, comprise only a small fraction of these sub-fossil assemblages. here we reconstruct a comprehensive reco ... | 2016 | 27824339 |
| dietary habits of polar bears in foxe basin, canada: possible evidence of a trophic regime shift mediated by a new top predator. | polar bear (ursus maritimus) subpopulations in several areas with seasonal sea ice regimes have shown declines in body condition, reproductive rates, or abundance as a result of declining sea ice habitat. in the foxe basin region of nunavut, canada, the size of the polar bear subpopulation has remained largely stable over the past 20 years, despite concurrent declines in sea ice habitat. we used fatty acid analysis to examine polar bear feeding habits in foxe basin and thus potentially identify ... | 2016 | 27547372 |
| bowhead whale localization using asynchronous hydrophones in the chukchi sea. | this paper estimates bowhead whale locations and uncertainties using non-linear bayesian inversion of their modally-dispersed calls recorded on asynchronous recorders in the chukchi sea, alaska. bowhead calls were recorded on a cluster of 7 asynchronous ocean-bottom hydrophones that were separated by 0.5-9.2 km. a warping time-frequency analysis is used to extract relative mode arrival times as a function of frequency for nine frequency-modulated whale calls that dispersed in the shallow water e ... | 2016 | 27475129 |
| has gene duplication impacted the evolution of eutherian longevity? | one of the greatest unresolved questions in aging biology is determining the genetic basis of interspecies longevity variation. gene duplication is often the key to understanding the origin and evolution of important eutherian phenotypes. we systematically identified longevity-associated genes in model organisms that duplicated throughout eutherian evolution. longevity-associated gene families have a marginally significantly higher rate of duplication compared to non-longevity-associated gene fa ... | 2016 | 27378378 |
| severe bone loss as part of the life history strategy of bowhead whales. | the evolution of baleen constituted a major evolutionary change that made it possible for baleen whales to reach enormous body sizes while filter feeding on tiny organisms and migrating over tremendous distances. bowhead whales (balaena mysticetus) live in the arctic where the annual cycle of increasing and decreasing ice cover affects their habitat, prey, and migration. during the nursing period, bowheads grow rapidly; but between weaning and approximately year 5, bowhead whales display sustain ... | 2016 | 27333180 |
| rapid environmental change drives increased land use by an arctic marine predator. | in the arctic ocean's southern beaufort sea (sb), the length of the sea ice melt season (i.e., period between the onset of sea ice break-up in summer and freeze-up in fall) has increased substantially since the late 1990s. historically, polar bears (ursus maritimus) of the sb have mostly remained on the sea ice year-round (except for those that came ashore to den), but recent changes in the extent and phenology of sea ice habitat have coincided with evidence that use of terrestrial habitat is in ... | 2016 | 27249673 |
| acoustic vector sensor beamforming reduces masking from underwater industrial noise during passive monitoring. | masking from industrial noise can hamper the ability to detect marine mammal sounds near industrial operations, whenever conventional (pressure sensor) hydrophones are used for passive acoustic monitoring. using data collected from an autonomous recorder with directional capabilities (directional autonomous seafloor acoustic recorder), deployed 4.1 km from an arctic drilling site in 2012, the authors demonstrate how conventional beamforming on an acoustic vector sensor can be used to suppress no ... | 2016 | 27106345 |
| baleen hydrodynamics and morphology of cross-flow filtration in balaenid whale suspension feeding. | the traditional view of mysticete feeding involves static baleen directly sieving particles from seawater using a simple, dead-end flow-through filtration mechanism. flow tank experiments on bowhead (balaena mysticetus) baleen indicate the long-standing model of dead-end filtration, at least in balaenid (bowhead and right) whales, is not merely simplistic but wrong. to recreate continuous intraoral flow, sections of baleen were tested in a flume through which water and buoyant particles circulat ... | 2016 | 26918630 |
| morphometric correlates of the ovary and ovulatory corpora in the bowhead whale, balaena mysticetus. | gross morphology and morphometry of the bowhead whale ovary, including ovulatory corpora, were investigated in 50 whales from the chukchi and beaufort seas off the coast of alaska. using the presence of ovarian corpora to define sexual maturity, 23 sexually immature whales (7.6-14.2 m total body length) and 27 sexually mature whales (14.2-17.7 m total body length) were identified. ovary pair weights ranged from 0.38 to 2.45 kg and 2.92 to 12.02 kg for sexually immature and sexually mature whales ... | 2016 | 26917353 |
| current status of development of methods to assess effects of cumulative or aggregated underwater sounds on marine mammals. | there are no standards for assessment of the cumulative effects of underwater sound. quantitative assessments typically consider a single source, whereas qualitative assessments may include multiple sources but rarely identify response variables. as a step toward understanding the cumulative effects of underwater sound, we assessed the aggregated sounds of multiple sources received by migrating bowhead whales (balaena mysticetus). the quantitative method models the sound field from multiple sour ... | 2016 | 26610973 |
| effects of airgun sounds on bowhead whale calling rates: evidence for two behavioral thresholds. | in proximity to seismic operations, bowhead whales (balaena mysticetus) decrease their calling rates. here, we investigate the transition from normal calling behavior to decreased calling and identify two threshold levels of received sound from airgun pulses at which calling behavior changes. data were collected in august-october 2007-2010, during the westward autumn migration in the alaskan beaufort sea. up to 40 directional acoustic recorders (dasars) were deployed at five sites offshore of th ... | 2015 | 26039218 |
| organization and distribution of glomeruli in the bowhead whale olfactory bulb. | although modern baleen whales (mysticeti) retain a functional olfactory system that includes olfactory bulbs, cranial nerve i and olfactory receptor genes, their olfactory capabilities have been reduced to a great degree. this reduction likely occurred as a selective response to their fully aquatic lifestyle. the glomeruli that occur in the olfactory bulb can be divided into two non-overlapping domains, a dorsal domain and a ventral domain. recent molecular studies revealed that all modern whale ... | 2015 | 25945304 |
| sensory hairs in the bowhead whale, balaena mysticetus (cetacea, mammalia). | we studied the histology and morphometrics of the hairs of bowhead whales (balaena mysticetus). these whales are hairless except for two patches of more than 300 hairs on the rostral tip of the lower lip and chin, the rostral tip of the upper lip, and a bilateral row of approximately ten hairs caudal to the blowhole. histological data indicate that hairs in all three of these areas are vibrissae: they show an outermost connective tissue capsule, a circumferential blood sinus system surrounding t ... | 2015 | 25869730 |
| [molecular genetic analysis of the shantar summer group of bowhead whales (balaena mysticetus l.) in the okhotsk sea]. | the results of molecular genetic analysis (full-length sequences of the cytochrome b gene and mtdna control region and the allelic composition of 14 microsatellite loci) of 65 tissue samples from the endangered bowhead whale (balaena mysticetus) population in the sea of okhotsk are presented. the data obtained enable the suggestion that the current state of the sea of okhotsk bowhead whale population is rather stable. | 2014 | 25715447 |
| seasonal and ontogenetic variation in subcutaneous adipose of the bowhead whale (balaena mysticetus). | cetacean evolution was shaped by an extraordinary land-to-sea transition in which the ancestors of whales became fully aquatic. as part of this transition, these mammals evolved unusually thick blubber which acts as a metabolic reservoir as well as an insulator and provides buoyancy and streamlining. this study describes blubber stratification and correlates it to seasonal variation, feeding patterns, and ontogeny in an arctic-adapted mysticete, the bowhead whale (balaena mysticetus). bowheads a ... | 2015 | 25711480 |
| selective pressurized liquid extraction technique for halogenated organic pollutants in marine mammal blubber: a lipid-rich matrix. | analytical methods for unique and rare samples, such as marine mammal tissue, strive to reduce opportunities for analyte loss and contamination. historically, analytical methodologies for marine mammal tissues required an extraction followed by multiple cleanup and concentration steps. these steps increase the opportunity for analyte loss and sample contamination. selective pressurized liquid extractions (sple; an analytical technique that combines ple with in-cell adsorbent cleanup) have the po ... | 2015 | 25678322 |
| automated aural classification used for inter-species discrimination of cetaceans. | passive acoustic methods are in widespread use to detect and classify cetacean species; however, passive acoustic systems often suffer from large false detection rates resulting from numerous transient sources. to reduce the acoustic analyst workload, automatic recognition methods may be implemented in a two-stage process. first, a general automatic detector is implemented that produces many detections to ensure cetacean presence is noted. then an automatic classifier is used to significantly re ... | 2014 | 25235008 |
| range estimation of bowhead whale (balaena mysticetus) calls in the arctic using a single hydrophone. | bowhead whales generate low-frequency calls in shallow-water arctic environments, whose dispersive propagation characteristics are well modeled by normal mode theory. as each mode propagates with a different group speed, a call's range can be inferred by the relative time-frequency dispersion of the modal arrivals. traditionally, at close ranges modal arrivals are separated using synchronized hydrophone arrays. here a nonlinear signal processing method called "warping" is used to filter the mode ... | 2014 | 24993202 |
| ranging bowhead whale calls in a shallow-water dispersive waveguide. | this paper presents the performance of three methods for estimating the range of broadband (50-500 hz) bowhead whale calls in a nominally 55-m-deep waveguide: conventional mode filtering (cmf), synthetic time reversal (str), and triangulation. the first two methods use a linear vertical array to exploit dispersive propagation effects in the underwater sound channel. the triangulation technique used here, while requiring no knowledge about the propagation environment, relies on a distributed arra ... | 2014 | 24993201 |
| the anatomy of the larynx of the bowhead whale, balaena mysticetus, and its sound-producing functions. | this study describes the morphology of the laryngeal apparatus in bowhead whales (balaena mysticetus) with respect to respiration, deglutition, and vocalization. we also examined the intrinsic cricoarytenothyroid muscle (musculus (m.) diverticuli laryngei) which forms the laryngeal diverticulum, to ascertain its interactions with the laryngeal cartilages during respiration and sound production. five fetal larynges and four from adult whales were studied using noninvasive imaging, as well as macr ... | 2014 | 24692387 |
| clarifying relationships between persistent organic pollutant concentrations and age in wildlife biomonitoring: individuals, cross-sections, and the roles of lifespan and sex. | relationships between persistent organic pollutant (pop) levels and age in wildlife biomonitoring are often interpreted as changes in contaminant burden as organisms age. however, cross-sectional body burden-age trends (cbats) obtained from biomonitoring studies, which sample individuals of different ages at the same time, should not be confused with longitudinal body burden-age trends (lbats) obtained by sampling the same individuals repeatedly through time. to clarify how cbats and lbats for w ... | 2014 | 24619475 |
| baleen hormones: a novel tool for retrospective assessment of stress and reproduction in bowhead whales (balaena mysticetus). | arctic marine mammals are facing increasing levels of many anthropogenic stressors. novel tools are needed for assessment of stress physiology and potential impacts of these stressors on health, reproduction and survival. we have investigated baleen as a possible novel tissue type for retrospective assessment of stress and reproductive hormones. we found that pulverized baleen powder from bowhead whales (balaena mysticetus) contained immunoreactive cortisol and progesterone that were detectable ... | 2014 | 27293651 |
| bowhead whale acoustic activity in the southeast beaufort sea during late summer 2008-2010. | autonomous passive acoustic recorders were deployed to record sounds of bowhead whales (balaena mysticetus) in the southeast beaufort sea for periods of 30-55 days during the late summer, open-water seasons of 2008-2010. recordings were made in three areas licensed for hydrocarbon exploration, spanning the continental slope and adjacent outer shelf, and in a shallow inner-shelf area where bowheads have been observed congregating to feed in recent decades. bowhead sounds were counted in samples c ... | 2013 | 25669244 |
| ancient dna reveals that bowhead whale lineages survived late pleistocene climate change and habitat shifts. | the climatic changes of the glacial cycles are thought to have been a major driver of population declines and species extinctions. however, studies to date have focused on terrestrial fauna and there is little understanding of how marine species responded to past climate change. here we show that a true arctic species, the bowhead whale (balaena mysticetus), shifted its range and tracked its core suitable habitat northwards during the rapid climate change of the pleistocene-holocene transition. ... | 2013 | 23575681 |
| flow-dependent porosity and other biomechanical properties of mysticete baleen. | despite its vital function in a highly dynamic environment, baleen is typically assumed to be a static material. its biomechanical and material properties have not previously been explored. thus i tested sections of baleen from bowhead whales, balaena mysticetus, and humpback whales, megaptera novaeangliae, alone or in groups representing miniature 'racks', in a flow tank through which water and buoyant particles circulated with variable flow velocity. kinematic sequences were recorded through a ... | 2013 | 23487267 |
| an intraoral thermoregulatory organ in the bowhead whale (balaena mysticetus), the corpus cavernosum maxillaris. | the novel observation of a palatal retial organ in the bowhead whale (balaena mysticetus) is reported, with characterization of its form and function. this bulbous ridge of highly vascularized tissue, here designated the corpus cavernosum maxillaris, runs along the center of the hard palate, expanding cranially to form two large lobes that terminate under the tip of the rostral palate, with another enlarged node at the caudal terminus. gross anatomical and microscopic observation of tissue secti ... | 2013 | 23450839 |
| molecular insights into the historic demography of bowhead whales: understanding the evolutionary basis of contemporary management practices. | patterns of genetic variation observed within species reflect evolutionary histories that include signatures of past demography. understanding the demographic component of species' history is fundamental to informed management because changes in effective population size affect response to environmental change and evolvability, the strength of genetic drift, and maintenance of genetic variability. species experiencing anthropogenic population reductions provide valuable case studies for understa ... | 2012 | 23403722 |
| leptin in whales: validation and measurement of mrna expression by absolute quantitative real-time pcr. | leptin is the primary hormone in mammals that regulates adipose stores. arctic adapted cetaceans maintain enormous adipose depots, suggesting possible modifications of leptin or receptor function. determining expression of these genes is the first step to understanding the extreme physiology of these animals, and the uniqueness of these animals presents special challenges in estimating and comparing expression levels of mrna transcripts. here, we compare expression of two model genes, leptin and ... | 2013 | 23342116 |
| high source levels and small active space of high-pitched song in bowhead whales (balaena mysticetus). | the low-frequency, powerful vocalizations of blue and fin whales may potentially be detected by conspecifics across entire ocean basins. in contrast, humpback and bowhead whales produce equally powerful, but more complex broadband vocalizations composed of higher frequencies that suffer from higher attenuation. here we evaluate the active space of high frequency song notes of bowhead whales (balaena mysticetus) in western greenland using measurements of song source levels and ambient noise. four ... | 2012 | 23300591 |
| gene flow on ice: the role of sea ice and whaling in shaping holarctic genetic diversity and population differentiation in bowhead whales (balaena mysticetus). | sea ice is believed to be a major factor shaping gene flow for polar marine organisms, but it remains unclear to what extent it represents a true barrier to dispersal for arctic cetaceans. bowhead whales are highly adapted to polar sea ice and were targeted by commercial whalers throughout arctic and subarctic seas for at least four centuries, resulting in severe reductions in most areas. both changing ice conditions and reductions due to whaling may have affected geographic distribution and gen ... | 2012 | 23170222 |
| automated detection and localization of bowhead whale sounds in the presence of seismic airgun surveys. | an automated procedure has been developed for detecting and localizing frequency-modulated bowhead whale sounds in the presence of seismic airgun surveys. the procedure was applied to four years of data, collected from over 30 directional autonomous recording packages deployed over a 280 km span of continental shelf in the alaskan beaufort sea. the procedure has six sequential stages that begin by extracting 25-element feature vectors from spectrograms of potential call candidates. two cascaded ... | 2012 | 22559349 |
| distribution of bowhead whale calls near an oil production island with fluctuating underwater sound. | | 2012 | 22278504 |
| evidence for simultaneous sound production in the bowhead whale (balaena mysticetus). | simultaneous production of two harmonically independent sounds, the two-voice phenomenon, is a well-known feature in bird song. some toothed whales can click and whistle simultaneously, and a few studies have also reported simultaneous sound production by baleen whales. the mechanism for sound production in toothed whales has been largely uncovered within the last three decades, whereas mechanism for sound production in baleen whales remains poorly understood. this study provides three lines of ... | 2011 | 21973381 |
| the northwest passage opens for bowhead whales. | the loss of arctic sea ice is predicted to open up the northwest passage, shortening shipping routes and facilitating the exchange of marine organisms between the atlantic and the pacific oceans. here, we present the first observations of distribution overlap of bowhead whales (balaena mysticetus) from the two oceans in the northwest passage, demonstrating this route is already connecting whales from two populations that have been assumed to be separated by sea ice. previous satellite tracking h ... | 2012 | 21937490 |
| a real-time method for autonomous passive acoustic detection-classification of humpback whales. | this paper describes a method for real-time, autonomous, joint detection-classification of humpback whale vocalizations. the approach adapts the spectrogram correlation method used by mellinger and clark [j. acoust. soc. am. 107, 3518-3529 (2000)] for bowhead whale endnote detection to the humpback whale problem. the objective is the implementation of a system to determine the presence or absence of humpback whales with passive acoustic methods and to perform this classification with low false a ... | 2010 | 21117740 |
| a difficult time with the permit process. | in the 1970s, new forms of public scrutiny were applied to the research methods of field biologists in the united states, particularly those studying endangered species and marine mammals. this paper shows how such scrutiny affected researchers' choice of research methods through an analysis of a key moment in a decade-long controversy over the conservation of bowhead whales. in 1978, researchers at the naval arctic research laboratory received funding from the bureau of land management to radio ... | 2011 | 20665085 |
| bowhead whale (balaena mysticetus) songs in the chukchi sea between october 2007 and may 2008. | this paper reports on the acoustic detection of bowhead whale (balaena mysticetus) songs from the bering-chukchi-beaufort stock, including the first recordings of songs in the fall and early winter. bowhead whale songs were detected almost continuously in the chukchi sea between october 30, 2007 and january 1, 2008 and twice from april 16 to may 5, 2008 during a long-term deployment of five acoustic recorders moored off point lay and wainwright, ak, between october 21, 2007 and august 3, 2008. t ... | 2009 | 20000946 |
| seasonal changes in the vocal behavior of bowhead whales (balaena mysticetus) in disko bay, western-greenland. | singing behavior has been described from bowhead whales in the bering sea during their annual spring migration and from davis strait during their spring feeding season. it has been suggested that this spring singing behavior is a remnant of the singing during the winter breeding season, though no winter recordings are available. in this study, the authors describe recordings made during the winter and spring months of bowhead whales in disko bay, western-greenland. a total of 7091 bowhead whale ... | 2009 | 19739770 |
| behaviour and kinematics of continuous ram filtration in bowhead whales (balaena mysticetus). | balaenid whales perform long breath-hold foraging dives despite a high drag from their ram filtration of zooplankton. to maximize the volume of prey acquired in a dive with limited oxygen supplies, balaenids must either filter feed only occasionally when prey density is particularly high, or they must swim at slow speeds while filtering to reduce drag and oxygen consumption. using digital tags with three-axis accelerometers, we studied bowhead whales feeding off west greenland and present here, ... | 2009 | 19692400 |
| significant deviations from hardy-weinberg equilibrium caused by low levels of microsatellite genotyping errors. | microsatellite genotyping from samples with varying quality can result in an uneven distribution of errors. previous studies reporting error rates have focused on estimating the effects of both randomly distributed and locus-specific errors. sample-specific errors, however, can also significantly affect results in population studies despite a large sample size. from two studies including six microsatellite markers genotyped from 272 sperm whale dna samples, and 33 microsatellites genotyped from ... | 2009 | 21564679 |
| bowhead whale springtime song off west greenland. | three songs were recorded from bowhead whales (balaena mysticetus) in disko bay, west greenland, during 59 h of recordings via sonobuoys deployed on seven days between 5 and 14 april 2007. song elements were defined by units following the protocol of previous description of bowhead whale song. the two most prominent songs were loud, complex, and repeated in long bouts on multiple recording days while the third song was much simpler and recorded on only one day. bowhead whale simple calls and fai ... | 2008 | 19045814 |
| joint deconvolution and classification with applications to passive acoustic underwater multipath. | this paper addresses the problem of classifying signals that have been corrupted by noise and unknown linear time-invariant (lti) filtering such as multipath, given labeled uncorrupted training signals. a maximum a posteriori approach to the deconvolution and classification is considered, which produces estimates of the desired signal, the unknown channel, and the class label. for cases in which only a class label is needed, the classification accuracy can be improved by not committing to an est ... | 2008 | 19045785 |
| heavy metal and mineral concentrations and their relationship to histopathological findings in the bowhead whale (balaena mysticetus). | the bowhead whale (balaena mysticetus) is a species endangered over much of its range that is of great cultural significance and subsistence value to the inuit of northern alaska. this species occupies subarctic and arctic regions presently undergoing significant ecological change and hydrocarbon development. thus, understanding the health status of the bering-chukchi-beaufort sea (bcbs) stock of bowhead whales is of importance. in this study, we evaluated the concentrations of six essential and ... | 2008 | 18466957 |