| random amplified polymorphic dna markers tightly linked to a gene for resistance to white pine blister rust in sugar pine. | we have genetically mapped a gene for resistance to white pine blister rust (cronartium ribicola fisch.) in sugar pine (pinus lambertiana dougl.) by using an approach which relies on three factors: (i) the ability to assay for genetic markers in the haploid stage of the host's life cycle, using megagametophyte seed tissue; (ii) a simple and clearly defined pathosystem; and (iii) the use of random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers that can be quickly and efficiently evaluated. resistance t ... | 1995 | 11607517 |
| cloning and characterization of a cdna of cro ri from the white pine blister rust fungus cronartium ribicola. | white pine blister rust (wpbr) is caused by the fungus cronartium ribicola which has five spore stages on two unrelated hosts, the five-needle pines and ribes spp. recently, during the molecular analysis of the proteins and genes involved in host-pathogen interaction, the wpbr fungal protein cro ri was identified in infected white pine tissues. to further characterize cro ri, an expression cdna library from poly(a)(+) mrna of c. ribicola axenic mycelial culture was constructed and immunoscreened ... | 2002 | 11860265 |
| effect of white pine blister rust (cronartium ribicola) and rust-resistance breeding on genetic variation in western white pine (pinus monticola). | western white pine (pinus monticola) is an economically and ecologically important species from western north america that has declined over the past several decades mainly due to the introduction of blister rust (cronartium ribicola) and reduced opportunities for regeneration. amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) was used to assess the genetic variation in northern idaho populations of western white pine (including rust-resistant breeding stock) in relation to blister rust. a total of ... | 2003 | 12671747 |
| isolation, genetic variation and expression of tir-nbs-lrr resistance gene analogs from western white pine ( pinus monticola dougl. ex. d. don.). | western white pine ( pinus monticola dougl. ex. d. don., wwp) shows genetic variation in disease resistance to white pine blister rust ( cronartium ribicola). most plant disease resistance (r) genes encode proteins that belong to a superfamily with nucleotide-binding site domains (nbs) and c-terminal leucine-rich repeats (lrr). in this work a pcr strategy was used to clone r gene analogs (rgas) from wwp using oligonucleotide primers based on the conserved sequence motifs in the nbs domain of ang ... | 2003 | 14586641 |
| proteomic comparison of needles from blister rust-resistant and susceptible pinus strobus seedlings reveals upregulation of putative disease resistance proteins. | in order to characterize a hypersensitive-like reaction in selected pinus strobus seedlings to cronartium ribicola, a proteomic comparison of needles from resistant and susceptible seedlings was undertaken using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de). the results revealed 19 polypeptides specific to resistant seedlings and seven of these specific to infected resistant seedlings. there were 13 polypeptides up-regulated (> or = 3-fold increase) in resistant family p327 in comparison to needle ... | 2006 | 16529377 |
| cold hardiness of interspecific hybrids between pinus strobus and p. wallichiana measured by post-freezing needle electrolyte leakage. | interspecific hybrids between eastern white pine (pinus strobus l.) and himalayan blue pine (p. wallichiana a. b. jacks.) were developed in ontario, canada, to introduce blister rust (cronartium ribicola fisch.) resistance genes to p. strobus. there is concern that introducing blister rust resistance has resulted in reduced cold hardiness of the progeny compared with non-hybridized eastern white pine. to test the efficacy of backcrossing with p. strobus to improve cold hardiness, 1-year-old seed ... | 2007 | 17241966 |
| cultured cells of white pine show genetic resistance to axenic blister rust hyphae. | hypersensitive resistance to axenically cultured cronartium ribicola was displayed by subcultured callus of pinus lambertiana. cellular resistance to a destructive rust disease can now be studied at the macromolecular level through use of cloned cells of both host and pathogen in a system amenable to emerging recombinant dna technology. | 1984 | 17741219 |
| inoculations on ribes with cronartium ribicola fischer. | | 1917 | 17773167 |
| notes upon cronartium ribicola. | | 1912 | 17773872 |
| uredinia of cronartium ribicola on ribes stems. | | 1917 | 17775242 |
| interspecific phylogenetic analysis enhances intraspecific phylogeographical inference: a case study in pinus lambertiana. | pinus lambertiana (sugar pine) is an economically and ecologically important conifer with a 1600-km latitudinal range extending from oregon, usa, to northern baja california, mexico. like all north american white pines (subsect. strobus), sugar pine is highly susceptible to white pine blister rust, a disease caused by the fungus cronartium ribicola. we conducted a chloroplast dna (cpdna) survey of pinus subsect. strobus with comprehensive geographical sampling of p. lambertiana. sequence analysi ... | 2007 | 17850554 |
| synoptic climatology of the long-distance dispersal of white pine blister rust ii. combination of surface and upper-level conditions. | an invasive forest pathogen, cronartium ribicola, white pine blister rust (wpbr), is believed to have arrived in the sacramento mountains of south-central new mexico about 1970. epidemiological and genetic evidence supports the hypothesis that introduction was the result of long-distance dispersal (ldd) by atmospheric transport from california. this study applies a method to identify the atmospheric conditions favorable for rust transport and infection. an upper level synoptic classification (ul ... | 2008 | 18506491 |
| molecular epidemiology of white pine blister rust: recombination and spatial distribution. | abstract multilocus haplotypes (mlhs) were derived for the spermogonial (monokaryotic haploid) stage of cronartium ribicola, the causal agent of white pine blister rust. six random amplified polymorphic dna loci and three single-strand conformational polymorphism markers were analyzed for 246 rust samples collected from two heavily infected white pine plantations. all cankers sampled were spatially located within the plantations. the hypothesis that spores are not locally disseminated was suppor ... | 2005 | 18943012 |
| origin and distribution of cr2, a gene for resistance to white pine blister rust in natural populations of western white pine. | abstract the distribution and frequency of the cr2 gene for resistance to white pine blister rust (cronartium ribicola) in western white pine (pinus monticola) was surveyed in natural populations of the host by inoculation of open-pollinated seedlings from 687 individual seed parents from throughout most of the species' range. because cr2 is dominant and results in a conspicuous hypersensitive reaction (hr) in pine needles, the phenotype can readily be detected in offspring of susceptible seed p ... | 2003 | 18943055 |
| a class iv chitinase is up-regulated by fungal infection and abiotic stresses and associated with slow-canker-growth resistance to cronartium ribicola in western white pine (pinus monticola). | abstract in the present study, in a candidate gene approach, a class iv chitinase gene (pmch4a) of pathogenesis-related family three was cloned and characterized in western white pine (pinus monticola). pmch4a chitinase expression in the different organs of healthy seedlings was below levels detectable by western immunoblot analysis using an antibody raised against pmch4a protein. however, a 27-kda isozyme of pmch4a accu mulated in both susceptible and slow-canker-growth (scg) resistant seedling ... | 2005 | 18943122 |
| identification and characterization of random amplified polymorphic dna markers linked to a major gene (cr2) for resistance to cronartium ribicola in pinus monticola. | abstract dna markers tightly linked to resistance (r) genes provide a very powerful tool for both marker-assisted selection in plant breeding and positional cloning of r genes. in the present study, a linkage of random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers to the single dominant gene (cr2) for resistance to white pine blister rust fungus (cronartium ribicola) was investigated in western white pine (pinus monticola). a mapping population of 128 individual megagametophytes was generated from se ... | 2006 | 18943421 |
| the cc-nbs-lrr subfamily in pinus monticola: targeted identification, gene expression, and genetic linkage with resistance to cronartium ribicola. | abstract to investigate disease resistance gene analogs (rgas) encoding coiled-coil-nucelotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeats (cc-nbs-lrr) proteins in western white pine, degenerate primers targeting the conserved motifs in the nbs domain were designed to amplify rgas from genomic dna and cdna. sixty-one distinct rgas were identified with identities to well-known r proteins of the cc-nbs-lrr subfamily. these rgas exhibited variation of putative amino acid sequences from 13% to 98%, representi ... | 2007 | 18943604 |
| cloning and characterization of a putative antifungal peptide gene (pm-amp1) in pinus monticola. | abstract we have been working on proteins that are involved in the defense response of western white pine (wwp) (pinus monitcola) to the blister rust fungus cronartium ribicola. our objective was to identify candidate genes that could be used for improving resistance of wwp to this rust pathogen. during proteomic analysis of bark proteins extracted from wwp trees exhibiting slow-canker-growth (scg) resistance, a 10.6-kda peptide, termed pm-amp1, was found to be enriched at the receding canker ma ... | 2006 | 18943919 |
| epicuticular wax and white pine blister rust resistance in resistant and susceptible selections of eastern white pine (pinus strobus). | abstract epicuticular wax on needles was evaluated for its influence on cronartium ribicola infection of resistant and susceptible selections of pinus strobus. environmental scanning electron microscopy comparisons revealed that needles from a resistant selection of eastern white pine, p327, had a significantly higher percentage of stomata that were occluded with wax, fewer basidiospores germinating at 48 h after inoculation, and fewer germ tubes penetrating stomata than needles from a susceptib ... | 2006 | 18943920 |
| influence of host resistance on the genetic structure of the white pine blister rust fungus in the western united states. | cronartium ribicola, the causal agent of white pine blister rust, has been devastating to five-needled white pines in north america since its introduction nearly a century ago. however, dynamic and complex interactions occur among c. ribicola, five-needled white pines, and the environment. to examine potential evolutionary influences on genetic structure and diversity of c. ribicola in western united states, population genetic analyses of c. ribicola were conducted using amplified fragment lengt ... | 2008 | 18944189 |
| barrier to gene flow between eastern and western populations of cronartium ribicola in north america. | abstract the population structure of cronartium ribicola from eastern and western north america was studied to test the null hypothesis that populations are panmictic across the continent. random amplified polymorphic dna markers previously characterized in eastern populations were mostly fixed in western populations, yielding high levels of genetic differentiation between eastern and western populations (phi(st) = 0.55; theta = 0.36; p < 0.001). an unweighted pair-group method, arithmetic mean ... | 2000 | 18944469 |
| genetic structure of cronartium ribicola populations in eastern canada. | abstract the genetic structure of populations of cronartium ribicola was studied by sampling nine populations from five provinces in eastern canada and generating dna profiles using nine random amplified polymorphic dna markers. most of the total gene diversity (h(t) = 0.386) was present within populations (h(w) = 0.370), resulting in a low level of genetic differentiation among populations in northeastern north america (f(st) = 0.062). a hierarchical analysis of genetic structure using an analy ... | 1999 | 18944735 |
| evidence of cytoplasmic inheritance of virulence in cronartium ribicola to major gene resistance in sugar pine. | abstract tests for mendelian segregation of virulence and avirulence in cronartium ribicola, causal agent of white pine blister rust, to a major gene (r) for resistance in sugar pine were made using haploid basidiospore progenies from single diploid telia as inoculum on resistant genotypes. the telia were sampled from a small deme in the siskyou mountains of northern california, where a few mature sugar pines known to be rr genotypes had become infected after withstanding the chronic blister rus ... | 1999 | 18944758 |
| fine-level genetic structure of white pine blister rust populations. | abstract the fine-level genetic structure of the white pine blister rust agent, cronartium ribicola, was investigated by sampling multiple monokaryotic spermogonia directly on cankers in four eastern canadian white pine (pinus strobus) plantations and assessing genetic variability, using random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers. ninety-eight percent of the cankers surveyed contained a single dna haplotype, suggesting spermogonia within cankers are the result of clonal reproduction. a sing ... | 1998 | 18944852 |
| identification and characterization of the wrky transcription factor family in pinus monticola. | the wrky gene family represents an ancient and highly complex group of transcription factors involved in signal transduction pathways of numerous plant developmental processes and host defense response. up to now, most wrky proteins have been identified in a few angiosperm species. identification of wrky genes in a conifer species would facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the evolutionary and function-adaptive process of this superfamily in plants. we performed pcr on genomic dna to clon ... | 2009 | 19132074 |
| invasive pathogen threatens bird-pine mutualism: implications for sustaining a high-elevation ecosystem. | human-caused disruptions to seed-dispersal mutualisms increase the extinction risk for both plant and animal species. large-seeded plants can be particularly vulnerable due to highly specialized dispersal systems and no compensatory regeneration mechanisms. whitebark pine (pinus albicaulis), a keystone subalpine species, obligately depends upon the clark's nutcracker (nucifraga columbiana) for dispersal of its large, wingless seeds. clark's nutcracker, a facultative mutualist with whitebark pine ... | 2009 | 19425424 |
| expression profiling of a complex thaumatin-like protein family in western white pine. | the protein content in the plant apoplast is believed to change dramatically as a result of host defense response upon infection with various pathogens. in this study, six novel thaumatin-like proteins (tlps) were identified in western white pine (pinus monticola) needle apoplast by a proteomic strategy using two-dimensional protein electrophoresis followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. sequent cdna cloning found that ten p. monticola tlp genes ... | 2010 | 19997927 |
| factors contributing to seasonal fluctuations in rust severity on ribes missouriense caused by cronartium ribicola. | cronartium ribicola, causal agent of white pine blister rust, is a macrocyclic heteroecious rust that cycles between white pines and members of the genus ribes, which are typically wild plants in north america. to improve predictability of inoculum available for infection of ecologically and commercially important white pines, this research was conducted to identify the factors that influence the development and persistence of uredinia and telia on ribes in their natural habitats. numbers of inf ... | 2010 | 20839934 |
| genomic organization, induced expression and promoter activity of a resistance gene analog (pmtnl1) in western white pine (pinus monticola). | cronartium ribicola causes white pine blister rust (wpbr) in subgenus strobus. various genetic and molecular approaches were used to detect white pine genes contributing to host resistance. the molecular role of the nbs-lrr family is highly related to plant immuno-activity against various pathogens and pests. in the present study, genomic organization of a resistance gene analog (rga), designated as pmtnl1, and its allelic variants were characterized in pinus monticola. pmtnl1 showed high identi ... | 2011 | 21279649 |
| association of a novel pinus monticola chitinase gene (pmch4b) with quantitative resistance to cronartium ribicola. | multiple families of pathogenesis-related (pr) proteins are believed to contribute to plant quantitative resistance to various pathogens. along with other host pr proteins, pr3 chitinase is one protein component participating in genetic resistance of western white pine (pinus monticola) to the white pine blister rust (wpbr) pathogen (cronartium ribicola). in the present study, we characterized a novel p. monticola class iv chitinase gene (pmch4b) and further analyzed its nucleotide variations in ... | 2011 | 21469933 |
| an ecosystem-scale model for the spread of a host-specific forest pathogen in the greater yellowstone ecosystem. | the introduction of nonnative pathogens is altering the scale, magnitude, and persistence of forest disturbance regimes in the western united states. in the high-altitude whitebark pine (pinus albicaulis) forests of the greater yellowstone ecosystem (gye), white pine blister rust (cronartium ribicola) is an introduced fungal pathogen that is now the principal cause of tree mortality in many locations. although blister rust eradication has failed in the past, there is nonetheless substantial inte ... | 2011 | 21774419 |
| antifungal activity of a pinus monticola antimicrobial peptide 1 (pm-amp1) and its accumulation in western white pine infected with cronartium ribicola. | pinus monticola antimicrobial peptide 1 (pm-amp1) was expressed and purified from bacterial cell lysate and its identity and purity confirmed by western blot analysis using the pm-amp1 antibody. application of pm-amp1 resulted in visible hyphal growth inhibition of cronartium ribicola , phellinus sulphurascens , ophiostoma montium , and ophiostoma clavigerum 3-12 days post-treatment. pm-amp1 also inhibited spore germination of several other phytopathogenic fungi by 32%-84% 5-ádays post-treatment ... | 2011 | 21823970 |