| growth of fusarium moniliforme on carob aqueous extract and nutritional evaluation of its biomass. | fusarium moniliforme was cultured semicontinuously on a carob medium in a 14-liter fermentor (8.5-liter working volume). the growth medium provided 2.4% carob sugar, 0.72% nh4h2po4, and 0.03% mgso4-7h2o. the biomass harvest was 8.8 g/liter per day. ninety percent of the sugars were consumed, and the ph dropped from 5.9 to about 3.7. the crude protein (n x 6.25) of the spray-dried mycelium was 380 g/kg, 300 g/kg for the true protein (lowry), and 4.8 g/kg for the (folin-denis) tannic acid. the myc ... | 1976 | 5952 |
| carob meal as an energy source for poultry. | | 1979 | 504178 |
| [the nutritional value of the exsiccated and toasted pulp of the pod of ceratonia siliqua]. | | 1977 | 603721 |
| improving feeding systems for sheep in a mediterranean rain-fed cereals/livestock area of morocco. | in rain-fed cereal-producing areas of morocco, stubble and straw from barley and wheat and forage grazed from fallow lands are important feeds for sheep. supplementation to maintain bw of ewes pregnant while grazing stubble, methods to improve utilization of straw, annual forage legumes to complement grazing of fallow land, and by-product feeds in diets for weaned lambs have been tested in collaborative research trials. pregnant ewes grazing cereal stubble for 10 to 12 wk at a modest stocking ra ... | 1989 | 2687218 |
| nitrogen conversion factors for the proteinaceous content of gums permitted as food additives. | nitrogen conversion factors for gum arabic (acacia senegal (l.) willd.), gum tragacanth (asiatic astragalus spp.), gum karaya (sterculia spp.), guar gum (cyamopsis spp.), locust bean (carob) gum (ceratonia spp.), tara gum (caesalpinia spp.), and xanthan gum (xanthomonas campestris) have been calculated from data for the amino acid compositions of their proteinaceous components. the factors derived differ from the arbitrary values (5.7 or 6.25) at present specified by international regulatory aut ... | 1986 | 3743832 |
| carob tannins--growth depression and levels of insoluble nitrogen in the digestive tract of rats. | | 1970 | 5443831 |
| adherence of enterobacteria in infantile diarrhea and its prevention. | adherence of enterobacteria on intestinal epithelial cells is considered a major pathogenic mechanism of infantile diarrhea. in 36 of 40 infants with diarrhea of more than five days' duration, bacterial organisms were isolated from the duodenum. adherence of these bacteria was investigated by different methods: hemagglutination of 0 + human red blood cells was used as a screening; adherence of bacteria on isolated intestinal epithelial cells was studied by a radiolabeled filtration assay, observ ... | 1983 | 6352511 |
| [determination of beta-mannanase activity by viscosimetric and spectrophotometric methods]. | the activity of beta-mannanase from bacillus subtilis was measured viscosimetrically and spectrophotometrically. as substrate galactomannane of ceratonia siliqua was used. relationships between the beta-mannanase activity and the substrate concentration as well as the enzyme content were investigated. the kinetic parameters of the enzymes obeying the michaelis-menten equation were calculated. it was found viscosimetrically that vmax of the commercial enzyme preparation was 1.4 mucat/g (at ph 5.8 ... | 1982 | 6812038 |
| [effect of carob bean flour on the resorption of minerals and trace elements in man]. | the effect of carob bean gum (9.5 g/1000 kcal, 4184 kj) in the daily diet on the absorption of ca, fe, zn and cu was determined during a 4-week balance study in 2 male and 6 female healthy subjects, aged 19 to 25 years. a normal mixed diet was used, to which carob bean gum was added during food preparation for the last 2 weeks of the study. the absorption of minerals and trace elements was calculated as the difference between dietary intake and fecal excretion. the ingestion of carob bean gum ca ... | 1982 | 7148039 |
| nutritional evaluation of the germ meal and its protein isolate obtained from the carob seed (ceratonia siliqua) in the rat. | 1. evaluation of the germ meal (cgm) of carob seed (ceratonia siliqua) and its protein isolate was carried out with weanling rats. comparisons were made with casein, soya-bean meal, whole defatted egg and a soya-bean protein isolate (promine-d) as protein sources. the growth-promoting effects and certain biological indices were evaluated using the protein efficiency ratio (per), biological value (bv) and net protein utilization (npu) bioassay procedures. 2. the unsupplemented cgm had a per of 1. ... | 1980 | 7189405 |
| continuous ethanol production from nonsterilized carob pod extract by immobilized saccharomyces cerevisiae on mineral kissiris using a two-reactor system. | the continuous production of ethanol from nonsterilized carob pod extract by immobilized saccharomyces cerevisiae on mineral kissiris using one- and two-reactor systems has been investigated. a maximum ethanol productivity of 9.6 g/l/h was obtained at an initial sugar concentration of 200 g/l and d = 0.4 h-1 with 68% of theoretical yield and 34% of sugar utilization using the one-reactor system. at s0 = 200 g/l, d = 0.05 h-1, 83% of theoretical yield, and 64% of sugar utilization, an ethanol pro ... | 1996 | 8702257 |
| inhalant allergens: as a cause of respiratory allergy in east mediterranean area, turkey. | inhalant allergens were identified by analyzing the positive skin tests of 614 respiratory allergic patients. the important indoor allergens causing skin test positivity were house dust, dermatophogoides pteronyssinus, cockroach, mosquito and dermatophogoides farinea. johnson grass, cultivated wheat, rye, orchard, and cultivated corn were among important grass pollens. animal allergens like cow hair, cat and dog dander, bird and chicken feathers and horse hair caused skin test positivity in our ... | 1996 | 8766742 |
| carob pod: a new substrate for citric acid production by aspergillus niger. | the production of citric acid from carob pod extract by a. niger in surface fermentation was investigated. a maximum citric acid concentration (85.5 g/l), citric acid productivity (4.07 g/l/d), specific citric acid production rate (0.18 g/g/d), and specific sugar uptake rate (0.358 g/g/d) was achieved at an initial sugar concentration of 200 g/l, ph of 6.5, and a temperature of 30 degrees c. other kinetic parameters, namely, citric acid yield, biomass yield, specific biomass production rate, and ... | 1998 | 9854802 |
| a family 26 mannanase produced by clostridium thermocellum as a component of the cellulosome contains a domain which is conserved in mannanases from anaerobic fungi. | cellulosomes prepared by the cellulose affinity digestion method from clostridium thermocellum culture supernatant hydrolysed carob galactomannan during incubation at 60 degrees c and ph 6.5. a recombinant phage expressing mannanase activity was isolated from a library of c. thermocellum genomic dna constructed in lambdazapii. the cloned fragment of dna containing a putative mannanase gene (mana) was sequenced, revealing an orf of 1767 nt, encoding a protein (mannanase a; man26a) of 589 aa with ... | 1999 | 10589717 |
| polyethylene glycol as a means for reducing the impact of condensed tannins in carob pulp: effects on lamb growth performance and meat quality. | we conducted an experiment to evaluate the effects that a diet containing condensed tannins with and without polyethylene glycol (peg) has on lamb growth and meat quality. twenty-three male comisana lambs were introduced to the three experimental diets between 45 and 50 d of age. eight were given a diet containing 56% of ceratonia siliqua (carob) pulp (tannin group), another eight received the same diet with a supplement of 40 g of peg for each kilogram of diet (peg group), and the remaining sev ... | 2000 | 10784169 |
| plasma glutamine response to enteral administration of glutamine in human volunteers (free glutamine versus protein-bound glutamine). | the goal of the present work was to compare the plasma glutamine response to exogenous glutamine administration in human volunteers; glutamine was provided as a free amino acid, bound to proteins, or in the form of peptides. plasma glutamine concentrations were measured in eight human volunteers at 30, 60, 90, 120, and 240 min after receiving a drink containing 30 g of protein from one of the five different proteins tested (sodium caseinate, sodium caseinate + free glutamine, carob germ flour, c ... | 2000 | 11118821 |
| effect of glutamine supplementation of the diet on tissue protein synthesis rate of glucocorticoid-treated rats. | although glutamine status in the critically ill patient can be improved by nutritional means, the most effective way of effecting such supplementation has received little attention. we evaluated two different ways of supplementing clinical nutrition products with glutamine, either with free glutamine or by providing a glutamine-rich protein source, in acute glucocorticoid-treated (intraperitoneal dexamethasone, 120 mg/kg) rats. during the recovery period, the animals received isonitrogenous and ... | 2001 | 11165886 |
| effect of polyethylene glycol on rumen volume and retention time of liquid and particulate matter along the digestive tract in goats fed tannin-rich carob leaves (ceratonia siliqua). | the present work studied the effects of tannins in carob leaves (cl) on rumen volume and kinetics, and on the retention time of fluid and particulate components of the digesta along the gastrointestinal tract (git) in goats. the experimental design was a two factor crossover experiment, i.e. in phase 1, two goats were fed cl and 2 cl and polyethylene glycol (peg) and in phase 2, the treatments were switched. the main effects of tannins were depression of the rumen fluid and particulate content o ... | 2001 | 11259880 |
| [nutritional evaluation of the seeds of "ipil-ipil" (leucaena leucocephala), "casco de vaca" (bauhinia monandra) and scented carob (albizia lebbeck)]. | chemical composition, antinutritional factors and biological protein quality of raw and autoclaved (120 degrees c for 10 min) ipil-ipil (leucaena leucocephala), casco de vaca (bauhinia monandra) ard algarrobo de olor (albizia lebbeck) seeds were determined. the trypsin inhibitor activity was 29, 120, and 150 tiu/mg of sample respectively. autoclaving eliminated 59, 33 and 100% of the activity. bauhinia monandra seed depicted a high hemagglutinating activity which was eliminated by autoclaving. n ... | 1988 | 3154303 |
| extraction and purification from ceratonia siliqua of compounds acting on central and peripheral benzodiazepine receptors. | the presence of molecules with high affinity for central and peripheral benzodiazepine receptors was determined in the pod and leaves of ceratonia siliqua (carob). the amount of the substances able to selectively bind the central benzodiazepine receptor recovered from carob pods and leaves was respectively 12.17 and 18.7 ng diazepam equivalent/g. the amount of compounds active on peripheral benzodiazepine receptor in both pods and leaves was higher in comparison with the central one, being 49.83 ... | 2002 | 12165334 |
| antiproliferative effects of ceratonia siliqua l. on mouse hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. | extracts from pods and leaves of carob (ceratonia siliqua l.) were tested for their ability to inhibit cell proliferation of mouse hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (t1). the two extracts showed a marked alteration of t1 cell proliferation in a dose-related fashion reaching the maximal effect at 1 mg/ml. moreover, we demonstrated that leaf and pod extracts were able to induce apoptosis in t1 cell lines after 24-h treatment mediating a direct activation of the caspase 3 pathway. hplc analysis re ... | 2002 | 12490228 |
| effects of foods rich in polyphenols on nitrogen excretion in rats. | the extent to which tea, cocoa and carob (foods rich in polyphenols) influence fecal nitrogen (n) excretion was investigated in rats. the studies took into account the methylxanthine contents of tea and cocoa as well as the poor digestibility of cocoa nitrogen. balance measurements indicated that all three food sources significantly increased fecal nitrogen excretion relative to methylxanthine-matched control diets (p less than 0.01). in the case of cocoa, virtually all the increase could be att ... | 1990 | 2329389 |
| a combination of antidiarrheal agents for dogs, using carob flour as a vehicle. | | 1956 | 13295131 |
| [dietetic prevention of crib infections of infantile gastro-enteritis caused by escherichia coli]. | | 1956 | 13391049 |
| effect of water extracts of carob pods, tannic acid, and their derivatives on the morphology and growth of microorganisms. | the effect of aqueous extracts of carob (ceratonia siliqua) pods, gallotannic acid, gallic acid, and catechol on several microorganisms was studied. carob pod extract and tannic acid showed a strong antimicrobial activity toward some cellulolytic bacteria. on the basis of tannin content, to which antimicrobial effect was related, carob pod extracts inhibited cellvibrio fulvus and clostridium cellulosolvens at 15 mug/ml, sporocytophaga myxococcoides at 45 mug/ml, and bacillus subtilis at 75 mug/m ... | 1964 | 14170956 |
| effect of carob pod extract on cellulolysis, proteolysis, deamination, and protein biosynthesis in an artificial rumen. | carob pod extract and its tannin and sugar fractions were compared with gallotannic acid and sucrose for their effect on the cellulolytic, proteolytic, protein biosynthetic, and deaminative activities of rumen microorganisms. the inhibitory effects of carob pod extract upon the cellulolysis and deamination were correlated mainly with its sugar, rather than its tannin components. on the other hand, proteolytic activity and protein biosynthesis were more significantly affected by the tannin fracti ... | 1965 | 14325284 |
| the nutrition of the chinchilla as a companion animal--basic data, influences and dependences. | this contribution is meant to obtain basic data for feeding chinchillas (ingestion behaviour, feed and water intake) kept as companion animals. the chinchillas ingested more than 70% of their total feed intake during the dark phase (highest level of activity between 9:00 pm and 7:00 am). daily amounts of feed intake varied between 2.5 (fresh grass) or 2.6 (hay) and 5.5 (pelleted complete diet) g of dry matter per 100 g of body weight. an offered mixed feed based on native components led to a sel ... | 2003 | 14511138 |
| the effect of dietary fiber on postprandial serum digoxin concentration in man. | the postprandial digoxin concentrations in serum were measured for 4 hr by radioimmunological assay in six healthy volunteers who had received 0.8 mg beta-acetyldigoxin by the oral route. digoxin was given together with a formula diet containing as admixture, respectively, wheat bran, microcrystalline cellulose, pectin, carrageenan, and carob seed flour. the various additions did not reduce the mean digoxin concentrations in serum. after carob seed flour, the concentrations were significantly (p ... | 1979 | 506966 |
| the behavior of carob gum in the gastrointestinal tract of man. | | 1951 | 14789754 |
| effect of indigestible polysaccharides on protein digestibility and nitrogen retention in growing rats. | the effect of five indigestible polysaccharides (ip) of different origin and chemical structure on n balance and dry matter digestibility was studied in growing rats. the diets contained 10% of gum guar (gg), carob bean gum (cbg), na-alginate (na-a), agar-agar (aa) or carrageenan (c), respectively. dry matter digestibility and apparent protein digestibility were significantly decreased below control values by all 5 ip. n retention was significantly lower after ingestion of aa or c. in the rats r ... | 1979 | 481831 |
| elicitor effects on penicillium chrysogenum morphology in submerged cultures. | changes in morphology and sporulation were investigated in liquid cultures of penicillium chrysogenum p2 supplemented with carbohydrate oligosaccharides. sodium alginate and locust-bean (ceratonia siliqua) gum-derived oligosaccharides were used as elicitors. spore germination was inhibited by the addition of og (oligoguluronate) elicitor (30% inhibition when compared with control). addition of any of the elicitors to stirred-tank cultures increased hyphal-tip numbers, clump area and spore counts ... | 2004 | 15134576 |
| synergistic interactions between the genetically modified bacterial polysaccharide p2 and carob or konjac mannan. | rheological studies have confirmed that the bacterial polysaccharide p2, a genetically modified variant of the acetobacter xylinum polysaccharide acetan, undergoes synergistic gelation with either of the plant polysaccharides carob or konjac mannan. x-ray fibre diffraction data shows that p2 can form a 5-fold helical structure of pitch 4.7nm and an axial rise per disaccharide repeat of 0.92nm. optical rotation data demonstrate that p2 undergoes a coil-helix transition in solution and that deacyl ... | 2004 | 15337451 |
| the effect of dietary fiber on the postprandial serum vitamin a concentration in man. | in 11 normal female subjects, ages 19 to 22 years, the postprandial serum vitamin a concentration was measured 3, 5, 7, and 9 hr after oral administration 300,000 iu vitamin a-palmitate given with a formula diet to which was added 40 g wheat bran, 40 g microcrystalline cellulose, 15 g apple pectin, 15 g guar flour, 15 g carob bean flour, or 20 g carrageenan. when vitamin a was given together with guar flour and apple pectin 3 hr after starting the experiment, the mean serum vitamin a concentrati ... | 1979 | 474474 |
| impact of ant predation and heat on carob moth (lepidoptera: pyralidae) mortality in california date gardens. | dates, phoenix dactylifera l., undergo a natural fruit abscission during the summer in california date gardens. many of the abscised dates become lodged in the date bunch, and we demonstrated that carob moth, ectomyelois ceratoniae (zeller), prefer to use these dates as a reproduction host compared with dates that fall to the ground. we also found that abscised fruit shaken onto the ground had significantly fewer live carob moth larvae than fruit that remained in bunches in the tree. mortality i ... | 2005 | 16022299 |
| incorporation of galactomannans in the diet of newly weaned piglets: effect on bacteriological and some morphological characteristics of the small intestine. | in search of substances replacing antibiotics as growth promoters for farm animals, non-digestible oligosaccharides (ndo) or non-starch polysaccharides (nsp) have been proposed as possible alternatives. in this context, the influence of galactomannans on bacteriological and morphological aspects of the gastrointestinal tract in weanling pigs was investigated. four groups of five newly weaned piglets received one of the following diets: control feed (c), c supplemented with guar gum (1%), c suppl ... | 2005 | 16080306 |
| influence of tannin-rich carob pod fiber on the cholesterol metabolism in the rat. | | 1979 | 430267 |
| dietary phytate and mineral bioavailability. | the relation between the dietary phytate (insp6), mineral status and insp6 levels in the organism, using three controlled diets (ain-76a, ain-76a + 1% phytate, ain-76a + 6% carob seed germ), are studied. ain-76a is a purified diet in which insp6 is practically absent. no important or significant differences in the mineral status (zn, cu, fe) of blood, kidneys, liver, brain and bone, were observed, except iron in the brain. thus, the amounts of iron found in the brain of rats fed ain-76a + 1% ins ... | 2001 | 11846011 |
| vegetable and animal food sorts found in the gastric content of sardinian wild boar (sus scrofa meridionalis). | authors report results emerging from gastric content analysis from n. 96 wild boars hunted in sardinia isle, during the hunting tide (2001-2005), from november to january. mean ph of the gastric content was 3.77 +/- 0.69. mean total capacity (tc) of each stomach was 1702 +/- 680 g. mean stuff ratio (cw/tc) between the content weight (cw) and stomachs tc was 0.45. food categories found in animal stomachs were: 19 categories of vegetal species (allium spp., arbutus unedo, arisarum vulgare, avena f ... | 2007 | 17516948 |
| regulation of endo-acting glycosyl hydrolases in the hyperthermophilic bacterium thermotoga maritima grown on glucan- and mannan-based polysaccharides. | the genome sequence of the hyperthermophilic bacterium thermotoga maritima encodes a number of glycosyl hydrolases. many of these enzymes have been shown in vitro to degrade specific glycosides that presumably serve as carbon and energy sources for the organism. however, because of the broad substrate specificity of many glycosyl hydrolases, it is difficult to determine the physiological substrate preferences for specific enzymes from biochemical information. in this study, t. maritima was grown ... | 2002 | 11823189 |
| investigation of in vitro antimicrobial activity of honey. | apitherapy or therapy with bee products as honey is an old tradition. in this study, the antimicrobial activity of 84 honey samples were investigated against 8 bacteria potential pathogens and 2 fungi. honey samples were obtained from 10 different floral sources. the findings indicate that honey samples with thyme, thyme + acorn, pine + carob, pine + carob + anis and pine + chestnut are more effective than the other honey of floral sources. the results of the survey show that most of honey sampl ... | 2001 | 11702659 |
| galactomannanases man2 and man5 from thermotoga species: growth physiology on galactomannans, gene sequence analysis, and biochemical properties of recombinant enzymes. | the enzymatic hydrolysis of mannan-based hemicelluloses is technologically important for applications ranging from pulp and paper processing to food processing to gas and oil well stimulation. in many cases, thermostability and activity at elevated temperatures can be advantageous. to this end, the genes encoding beta-mannosidase (man2) and beta-mannanase (man5) from the hyperthermophilic bacteria thermotoga neapolitana 5068 and thermotoga maritima were isolated, cloned, and expressed in escheri ... | 2001 | 11590605 |
| does an extract of carob (ceratonia siliqua l.) have chemopreventive potential related to oxidative stress and drug metabolism in human colon cells? | phenolic ingredients of an aqueous carob extract are well characterized and consist of mainly gallic acid (ga). in order to assess possible chemopreventive mechanisms of carob, which can be used as a cacao substitute, effects on expression of genes related to stress response and drug metabolism were studied using human colon cell lines of different transformation state (lt97 and ht29). stress-related genes, namely catalase (cat) and superoxide dismutase (sod2), were induced by carob extract and ... | 2009 | 19296575 |
| purification and characterization of a low molecular weight of beta-mannanase from penicillium occitanis pol6. | the highest beta-mannanase activity was produced by penicillium occitanis pol6 on flour of carob seed, whereas starch-containing medium gave lower enzymes titles. the low molecular weight enzyme was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration, and ion-exchange chromatography procedures. the purified beta-mannanase (maniii) has been identified as a glycoprotein (carbohydrate content 5%) with an apparent molecular mass of 18 kda. it was active at 40 degrees c and ph 4 ... | 2010 | 19418261 |
| ethnopharmacological survey of wild medicinal plants in showbak, jordan. | two main research questions are framing this investigation: (1) the main taxa of the medicinal importance value altered the showbak forest stand and species composition? (2) the most safe species and what are the toxic ones (unsafe). these two research questions are the vital ones to draw a clear image about the wild medicinal plants of this investigated area of showbak region in jordan. 79 wild medicinal plant species were investigated in this study which are used in traditional medication for ... | 2009 | 19429338 |
| structural determination of the phytotoxic mannan exopolysaccharide from pseudomonas syringae pv. ciccaronei. | the structural determination was performed of a mannan exopolysaccharide from the gram negative bacterium pseudomonas syringae pv. ciccaronei, which is the pathogenic agent responsible for the leaf spots of carob plants. the structure, obtained by chemical, enzymatic and spectroscopic methods, consisted of a backbone of alpha-(1-->6)-linked mannopyranose units with 80% substituted at c-2 by mono-, di- and trisaccharide side chains. in addition, terminal glucose units and phosphate groups were fo ... | 2001 | 11217981 |
| [can carob powder be used with oral rehydration solutions for the treatment of acute diarrhea?]. | | 2000 | 11100434 |
| cloning, expression in pichia pastoris, and characterization of a thermostable gh5 mannan endo-1,4-beta-mannosidase from aspergillus niger bk01. | mannans are key components of lignocellulose present in the hemicellulosic fraction of plant primary cell walls. mannan endo-1,4-beta-mannosidases (1,4-beta-d-mannanases) catalyze the random hydrolysis of beta-1,4-mannosidic linkages in the main chain of beta-mannans. biodegradation of beta-mannans by the action of thermostable mannan endo-1,4-beta-mannosidase offers significant technical advantages in biotechnological industrial applications, i.e. delignification of kraft pulps or the pretreatm ... | 2009 | 19912637 |
| identification of two gh27 bifunctional proteins with beta-l-arabinopyranosidase/alpha-d-galactopyranosidase activities from fusarium oxysporum. | two distinct extracellular bifunctional proteins with beta-l-arabinopyranosidase/alpha-d-galactopyranosidase activities were purified from the culture filtrate of fusarium oxysporum 12s. the molecular masses of the enzymes were estimated to be 55 (fo/ap1) and 73 kda (fo/ap2) by sds-page. they hydrolyzed both p-nitrophenyl beta-l-arabinopyranoside and p-nitrophenyl alpha-d-galactopyranoside with different specificities. fo/ap1 also showed low activity towards alpha-d-galactopyranosyl oligosacchar ... | 2010 | 19937437 |
| anthelmintic activity of some mediterranean browse plants against parasitic nematodes. | the anthelmintic properties of tannin-rich plants are being explored as an alternative to chemical drugs. most data have been acquired on legume forages, but only few on browse plants. the present study aimed to (i) screen the in vitro effects of extracts from 7 mediterranean plants on haemonchus contortus, (ii) verify the role of tannins using an inhibitor, polyvinyl polypyrrolidone (pvpp) and (iii) verify the in vivo effects of extracts from 4 plants. significant inhibition was shown in vitro ... | 2010 | 19961649 |
| alpha-galactosidase a from pseudomonas fluorescens subsp. cellulosa: cloning, high level expression and its role in galactomannan hydrolysis. | a library of pseudomonas fluorescens subsp. cellulosa genomic dna, constructed in lambda zapii, was screened for alpha-d-galactosidase activity. the dna inserts from six galactosidase-positive clones were rescued into plasmids. restriction digestion and southern analysis revealed that each of the plasmids contained a common dna sequence. the sequence of the pseudomonas dna in one of the plasmids revealed a single open reading frame (aga27a) of 1215 bp encoding a protein of m(r) 45900, designated ... | 2000 | 11064195 |
| insoluble carob fiber rich in polyphenols lowers total and ldl cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic sujects. | recently, polyphenols have been found to affect blood lipids in animals in a similar manner as soluble dietary fibre. the aim was to assess whether an insoluble dietary fiber very rich in polyphenols has a beneficial effect on serum lipids in humans. in a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical study with parallel arms, 88 volunteers with hypercholesterolemia were randomly assigned to consume daily either, fiber with insoluble 84% polyphenols 4 g twice a day (n = 43) or placebo (n = ... | 2010 | 20094802 |
| evaluation of certain food additives. | this report represents the conclusions of a joint fao/who expert committee convened to evaluate the safety of various food additives, including flavouring agents, with a view to recommending acceptable daily intakes (adis) and to preparing specifications for identity and purity. the first part of the report contains a general discussion of the principles governing the toxicological evaluation and assessment of intake of food additives (in particular, flavouring agents). a summary follows of the ... | 2009 | 20112497 |
| ethanol production from carob extract by using saccharomyces cerevisiae. | carob has been widely grown in the mediterranean region for a long time. it has been regarded as only a forest tree and has been neglected for other economical benefits. however, in recent years, this fruit has gained attention for several applications. as petroleum has become depleted, renewable energy production has started to gain attention all over the world; including the production of ethanol from underutilized agricultural products such as carob. in this project, the optimum extraction co ... | 2010 | 20189805 |
| carob pulp as raw material for production of the biocontrol agent p. agglomerans pbc-1. | large-scale production has been the major obstacle to the success of many biopesticides. the spreading of microbial biocontrol agents against postharvest disease, as a safe and environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic fungicides, is quite dependent on their industrial mass production from low-cost raw materials. considerable interest has been shown in using agricultural waste products and by-products from food industry as nitrogen and carbon sources. in this work, carob pulp aqueous ext ... | 2010 | 20593299 |
| ecophysiological responses of some maquis (ceratonia siliqua l., olea oleaster hoffm. & link, pistacia lentiscus and quercus coccifera l.) plant species to drought in the east mediterranean ecosystem. | the objective was to examine the adaptation strategies of four maquis species to drought prone environments; typical of the east mediterranean area in degraded and healthy sites in turkey. a comparison made between sites for pistacia lentiscus and quercus coccifera shows higher net daily photosynthesis in the degraded site, when compared with the healthy site; but ceratonia siliqua and olea oleaster exhibited no difference in their photosynthetic activity in environmentally contrasting condition ... | 2010 | 20648838 |
| a highly thermostable endo-(1,4)-beta-mannanase from the marine bacterium rhodothermus marinus. | rhodothermus marimus atcc 43812, a thermophilic bacterium isolated from marine hot springs, possesses hydrolytic activities for depolymerising substrates such as carob-galactomannan. screening of expression libraries identified mannanase-positive clones. subsequently, the corresponding dna sequences were determined, eventually identifying a coding sequence specifying a 997 amino acid residue protein of 113 kda. analyses revealed an n-terminal domain of unknown function and a c-terminal mannanase ... | 2000 | 10919332 |
| mannitol production by lactic acid bacteria grown in supplemented carob syrup. | detailed kinetic and physiological characterisation of eight mannitol-producing lactic acid bacteria, leuconostoc citreum atcc 49370, l. mesenteroides subsp. cremoris atcc19254, l. mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum atcc 19255, l. ficulneum nrrl b-23447, l. fructosum nrrl b-2041, l. lactis atcc 19256, lactobacillus intermedius nrrl 3692 and lb. reuteri dsm 20016, was performed using a carob-based culture medium, to evaluate their different metabolic capabilities. cultures were thoroughly followed ... | 2011 | 20820868 |
| [effect of natural carob fibers and other dietary fibers on the digestibility of fats and nitrogen in rats]. | the effects of the addition of 10% of insoluble fibre (cellulose), insoluble high polyphenol content [natural carob fibre (ncf)] and a mixed of ncf and soluble fibre high viscosity (carob gum), in the proportion (9:1) to a semisynthetic diet, with a fat content of 8 and 15%, on food efficiency ratio (fer) and fat (fd) and nitrogen (nf) digestibility coefficients, were studied in male "wistar" rats. we did not obtain difference with respect to the weight increase of the animals, the intake and fe ... | 1999 | 10502955 |
| antidepressant activity of ceratonia siliqua l. fruit extract, a source of polyphenols. | a previous study from our laboratory has shown the facilitatory effect of ceratonia siliqua l. (fabaceae) on the dopaminergic function. this study investigates the involvement of monoamines in the antidepressant activity of the total polyphenol content of ceratonia siliqua extract (cs) in mice using a tail suspension test (tst) and forced swim test (fst). the immobility time in the tst and fst were significantly reduced by cs (25 and 50 mg kg(-1), i.p.). the extract considerably attenuated the d ... | 2011 | 21328139 |
| [a 13-week subchronic oral toxicity study of carob germ colour in f344 rats]. | a13-week subchronic oral toxicity study of carob germ colour, one of natural colour additives was carried out in f344 rats at dose levels of 5.0, 1.7, 0.6, 0.2 and 0% in the powdered diet. rats were randomly allocated to 5 groups, each consisting of 10 males and 10 females. no animals died during the experiment and no changes in body weights and food intakes were observed in any dosed groups. changes indicating obvious toxicity of carob germ colour were not observed in the organ weights, hematol ... | 1997 | 9641821 |
| determination of d-pinitol in carob syrup. | carob syrup is a traditional product native to the mediterranean region, containing a high concentration of sugar, phenolic compounds and minerals. d-pinitol is a bioactive component extracted from legumes and has some beneficial effects on human metabolism. in this research, the d-pinitol content and sugar profile of 10 different carob syrup samples purchased from turkish markets were determined. mean d-pinitol, sucrose, glucose and fructose contents of samples were found to be 84.63 ± 10.73, 3 ... | 2011 | 21466274 |
| ceratonia siliqua (carob) trees as natural habitat and source of infection by cryptococcus gattii in the mediterranean environment. | recent cryptococcus gattii infections in humans and animals, including several outbreaks in goats, were the basis of this environmental survey in six provinces of spain. a total of 479 samples from 20 tree species were studied. cryptococcus gattii was found for the first time in autochthonous mediterranean trees in spain. fourteen isolates of this pathogen were obtained from seven trees of three different species: 12 from carob (ceratonia siliqua), one from mediterranean stone pine (pinus halepe ... | 2011 | 21521012 |
| chemical composition, cytotoxicity effect and antimicrobial activity of ceratonia siliqua essential oil with preservative effects against listeria inoculated in minced beef meat. | the present study describes the phytochemical profile and the protective effects of ceratonia siliqua pods essential oil (cseo), a food and medicinal plant widely distributed in tunisia. twenty five different components were identified in the cseo. among them, the major detected components were: nonadecane, heneicosane , naphthalene, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid dibutylester, heptadecane, hexadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, phenyl ethyl tiglate, eicosene, farnesol ... | 2011 | 21601302 |
| carob bean juice: a powerful adjunct to oral rehydration solution treatment in diarrhoea. | in children, the treatment of acute diarrhoea with the world health organization (who) standard oral rehydration solution (ors) provides effective rehydration but does not reduce the severity of diarrhoea. in community practice, carob bean has been used to treat diarrhoeal diseases in anatolia since ancient times. in order to test clinical antidiarrhoeal effects of carob bean juice (cbj), 80 children, aged 4-48 months, who were admitted to ssk tepecik teaching hospital with acute diarrhoea and m ... | 1998 | 9620567 |
| "depression" increases "craving" for sweet rewards in animal and human models of depression and craving. | this study consisted of two experiments, one in rats and one in human volunteers, that used the identical progressive ratio (pr) operant procedure. in both experiments, responding was reinforced under a progressively increasing work requirement, and different groups of subjects received reinforcers that varied in sweetness. in experiment 1, rats were subjected to chronic mild stress, a well-validated animal model of depression. performance under the pr schedule increased in subjects reinforced w ... | 1998 | 9566813 |
| mannanase a from pseudomonas fluorescens ssp. cellulosa is a retaining glycosyl hydrolase in which e212 and e320 are the putative catalytic residues. | mannanase a (mana) from pseudomonas fluorescens, a member of glycosyl hydrolase family 26, was hyperexpressed in escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. analysis of the stereochemical course of mannotetraose hydrolysis by purified mana showed that the configuration of the anomeric carbon was retained on cleavage of the middle glycosidic bond. these data suggest that the mannanase hydrolyzes mannooligosaccharides by a double-displacement general acid-base mechanism. by hydrophobic cluster a ... | 1996 | 8973192 |
| Characterization of bioactive compounds and ameliorative effects of Ceratonia siliqua leaf extract against CCl(4) induced hepatic oxidative damage and renal failure in rats. | Ceratonia siliqua is a typical Mediterranean plant, mainly used in food and Tunisian traditional folk medicine. Among the tested extracts, the ethyl acetate fraction (EACs) exhibited the highest total phenolic and flavonoids content. The antioxidant activity in vitro systems showed a more significant potent free radical scavenging activity of this extract than other analysis fractions. The HPLC finger print of EACs active extract showed the presence of six phenolic compounds. The in vivo results ... | 2011 | 21996303 |
| intramuscular fatty acid composition of lambs given a tanniniferous diet with or without polyethylene glycol supplementation. | the aim of this trial was to investigate the effects that dietary tannins have on lamb intramuscular fatty acids. twenty-seven lambs were divided into three homogeneous groups: control group, receiving commercial concentrate based on maize; tannin group, fed a diet based on carob pulp (45% as fed basis); peg group, receiving the same diet as the latter with addition of 42g/kg of polyethylene glycol (peg, a binding agent that eliminates the effects of condensed tannins). the duration of the trial ... | 2007 | 22061252 |
| effect of partially replacing dietary barley with 20% carob pulp on post-weaning growth, and carcass and meat characteristics of comisana lambs. | sixteen male comisana lambs were divided into two groups of eight at age 45 days. one group received a commercial pelleted diet (control) and the other group (carob) received a diet in which 20% carob pulp was used in partial replacement of barley. the animals were slaughtered at 100 days. no significant differences were observed for live weight, although the carob group ate 14% more dry matter, showing a higher conversion index (2.68 and 3.22kg dry matter per kg weight gain respectively for con ... | 1998 | 22061154 |
| hydrolytic properties of two cellulases of trichoderma reesei expressed in yeast. | two cellulases of the filamentous fungus trichoderma reesei, cellobiohydrolase ii (cbhii, ec 3.2.1.91) and endoglucanase i (egi, ec 3.2.1.4), produced in recombinant strains of the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, were tested in the hydrolysis of cellulose, xylan and other polymeric substrates. both enzymes were active against unsubstituted, insoluble cellulose. cbhii had greater activity than egi against crystalline cellulose, whereas in the case of amorphous substrate the order was reversed. ev ... | 1993 | 8439405 |
| kinetics of ethanol production from carob pods extract by immobilized saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. | kinetics of ethanol production from carob pods extract by immobilized s. cerevisiae cells in static and shake flask fermentation have been investigated. shake flask fermentation proved to be a better fermentation system for the production of ethanol than static fermentation. the optimum values of ethanol concentration, ethanol productivity, ethanol yield, and fermentation efficiency were obtained at ph range 3.5-6.5 and temperature between 30-35 degrees c. a maximum ethanol concentration (65 g/l ... | 1994 | 8129378 |
| a non-modular endo-beta-1,4-mannanase from pseudomonas fluorescens subspecies cellulosa. | pseudomonas fluorescens subsp. cellulosa when cultured in the presence of carob galactomannan degraded the polysaccharide. to isolate gene(s) from p. fluorescens subsp. cellulosa encoding endo-beta-1,4-mannanase (mannanase) activity, a genomic library of pseudomonas dna, constructed in lambda zapii, was screened for mannanase-expressing clones using the dye-labelled substrate, azo-carob galactomannan. the nucleotide sequence of the pseudomonad insert from a mannanase-positive clone revealed a si ... | 1995 | 7848261 |
| electron-optical microscopic study of incipient dental microdamage from experimental seed and bone crushing. | no living analogue exists for the hypothetical early hominid hard/tough-seed, coarse-root-eating, and bone-crushing masticatory adaptation. to investigate possible microdamage/microwear to dental enamel caused by such usage, puncture-crushing experiments were carried out on single human teeth, using an instron compression apparatus on the following six test materials: makapansgat limeworks chert (e.g., taphonomy), fresh steer longbone, mongongo nuts, grewia berries, carob beans, and wild-onion b ... | 1982 | 7114194 |
| new, hybrid pectin-based biosorbents. | in this work hybrid pectin-based biosorbents with secondary polysaccharide additives (gellan, carob and xanthan gum, ratio to pectin 1:1, 1:1 and 1:3, respectively) were obtained at two temperatures. the presence of these additives in prepared beads was confirmed by raman spectra. the sem micrographs show better homogeneity of blends and grater differences between structures of beads with various additives obtained at higher temperature. the sorption capacity of our hybrid biosorbents as well as ... | 2016 | 27812233 |
| carbapenem-resistant acinetobacter baumannii from brazil: role of caro alleles expression and blaoxa-23 gene. | carbapenems are the antibiotics of choice to treat infections caused by acinetobacter baumannii, and resistance to this class can be determined by loss of membrane permeability and enzymatic mechanisms. here, we analyzed the basis of carbapenem resistance in clinical a. baumannii isolates from different brazilian regions. | 2013 | 24195496 |
| effect of dietary fiber on mineral absorption in growing rats. | the effect of "indigestible" polysaccharides fed at the 10% level in a semi-synthetic diet on absorption of ca, fe, zn, cu, cr and co, on weight gain and on fecal dry matter excretion was studied over a period of 8 days in five groups of 12 weanling male rats each and compared to a control group. carrageenan (c) and agar-agar (aa) reduced absorption of all minerals tested, na-alginate (na-a) decreased fe-, cr- and co-absorption, carob bean gum (cbg) and gum guar (gg) interfered with the absorpti ... | 1980 | 6251185 |
| ephedra alte (joint pine): an invasive, problematic weedy species in forestry and fruit tree orchards in jordan. | a field survey was carried out to record plant species climbed by ephedra alte in certain parts of jordan during 2008-2010. forty species of shrubs, ornamental, fruit, and forest trees belonging to 24 plant families suffered from the climbing habit of e. alte. growth of host plants was adversely affected by e. alte growth that extended over their vegetation. in addition to its possible competition for water and nutrients, the extensive growth it forms over host species prevents photosynthesis, s ... | 2012 | 22645486 |
| the effect of dietary fiber on the pancreatic excretory function. | the effects of dietary fiber on the pancreatic exocrine function was studied in volunteers using the lundh test. since only limited information can be derived from this test, additional studies were carried out in rats. in man, the duodenal content aspirated for 90 min. after administration of a test diet supplemented with pectin or carob-bean flour, was significantly (alpha less than 0.01) lower than in a control test (n = 10). in the animal experiment, the volume secretion of the pancreas was ... | 1980 | 6162770 |
| structural and thermodynamic dissection of specific mannan recognition by a carbohydrate binding module, tmcbm27. | the c-terminal 176 amino acids of a thermotoga maritima mannanase (man5) constitute a carbohydrate binding module (cbm) that has been classified into cbm family 27. the isolated cbm27 domain, named tmcbm27, binds tightly (k(a)s 10(5)-10(6) m(-1)) to beta-1, 4-mannooligosaccharides, carob galactomannan, and konjac glucomannan, but not to cellulose (insoluble and soluble) or soluble birchwood xylan. the x-ray crystal structures of native tmcbm27, a tmcbm27-mannohexaose complex, and a tmcbm27-6(3), ... | 2003 | 12791255 |
| environmental distribution of cryptococcus neoformans and c. gattii around the mediterranean basin. | in order to elucidate the distribution of cryptococcus neoformans and c. gattii in the mediterranean basin, an extensive environmental survey was carried out during 2012-2015. a total of 302 sites located in 12 countries were sampled, 6436 samples from 3765 trees were collected and 5% of trees were found to be colonized by cryptococcal yeasts. cryptococcus neoformans was isolated from 177 trees and c. gattii from 13. cryptococcus neoformans colonized 27% of ceratonia, 10% of olea, platanus and p ... | 2016 | 27188887 |
| carob pulp preparation rich in insoluble fibre lowers total and ldl cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic patients. | recently, insoluble fibre from carob pulp has been found to affect blood lipids in animals in a similar manner as soluble dietary fibre. | 2003 | 14569404 |
| dietary myo-inositol hexaphosphate prevents dystrophic calcifications in soft tissues: a pilot study in wistar rats. | myo-inositol hexaphosphate (insp6) is an abundant component of plant seeds. it is also found in significant levels in blood and mammalian tissues, but they are totally dependent on their dietary intake. in the present paper, we describe studies on the effect of insp6 on a model of dystrophic calcification, which was chemically induced by subcutaneous injection of a 0.1% kmno4 solution. male wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups for treatment over 31 days. a: animals consuming a puri ... | 2004 | 15102518 |
| carob fibre compounds modulate parameters of cell growth differently in human ht29 colon adenocarcinoma cells than in lt97 colon adenoma cells. | an extract of the mediterranean carob (ceratonia siliqua l.) pod (carob fibre extract), products formed after its fermentation by the gut flora and the major phenolic ingredient gallic acid (ga), were comparatively investigated for their influence on survival and growth parameters of colon adenocarcinoma ht29 cells and adenoma lt97 cells. hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) formation in the cell culture media was quantified. after 1h 97+/-4 microm or 70+/-15 microm were found in ht29 medium and 6+/-1 micro ... | 2008 | 17950517 |
| ethanol production from nonsterilized carob pod extract by free and immobilized saccharomyces cerevisiae cells using fed-batch culture. | the production of ethanol from carob pod extract by free and immobilized saccharomyces cerevisiae cells in batch and fed-batch culture was investigated. fed-batch culture proved to be a better fermentation system for the production of ethanol than batch culture. in fed-batch culture, both free and immobilized s. cerevisiae cells gave the same maximum concentration (62 g/l) of final ethanol at an initial sugar concentration of 300 g/l and f = 167 ml/h. the maximum ethanol productivity (4.4 g/l h) ... | 1994 | 18615650 |
| anthelmintic effect of carob pods and sainfoin hay when fed to lambs after experimental trickle infections with haemonchus contortus and trichostrongylus colubriformis. | the aim of the study was to compare the in vivo anthelmintic activity of sainfoin hay (onobrychis viciifolia) and carob pod meal (ceratonia siliqua) against gastrointestinal nematodes. seven days before infection, 64 naive lambs were assigned to four different groups: group s received sainfoin hay and group car was fed with carob pods. the remaining lambs received lucerne hay (medicago sativa) and were assigned to positive (non-treated, nt) and negative (treated, t) control groups (treatment wit ... | 2014 | 25526546 |
| ruminal biohydrogenation as affected by tannins in vitro. | the aim of the present work was to study the effects of tannins from carob (ct; ceratonia siliqua), acacia leaves (at; acacia cyanophylla) and quebracho (qt; schinopsis lorentzii) on ruminal biohydrogenation in vitro. the tannins extracted from ct, at and qt were incubated for 12 h in glass syringes in cow buffered ruminal fluid (brf) with hay or hay plus concentrate as a substrate. within each feed, three concentrations of tannins were used (0.0, 0.6 and 1.0 mg/ml brf). the branched-chain volat ... | 2009 | 19063768 |
| effects of tannin-rich host plants on the infection and establishment of the entomopathogenic nematode heterorhabditis bacteriophora. | parasitized animals can self-medicate. as ingested plant phenolics, mainly tannins, reduce strongyle nematode infections in mammalian herbivores. we investigated the effect of plant extracts known to be anthelmintic in vertebrate herbivores on the recovery of the parasitic entomopathogenic nematode heterorhabditis bacteriophora infecting african cotton leafworm (spodoptera littoralis). nematode infective juveniles (ijs) were exposed to 0, 300, 900, 1200, 2400 ppm of pistacia lentiscus l. (lentis ... | 2015 | 25935140 |
| new insight into the influence of carob extract and gallic acid on hemin induced modulation of ht29 cell growth parameters. | red meat intake is associated with an increased risk of developing cancer. this is possibly related to the heme content of red meat. plant derived polyphenols might protect from cancer development via their antioxidant activities. in this study, the impact of an aqueous extract of carob (ce) on hemin-modulated proliferation was investigated. ce, gallic acid (ga) and a known iron chelator (deferoxamine: dfo) significantly reduced the number of human colon cancer ht29 cells. ce and ga were more ef ... | 2009 | 19527781 |
| a thermostable gh26 endo-β-mannanase from myceliophthora thermophila capable of enhancing lignocellulose degradation. | the endomannanase gene em26a from the thermophilic fungus myceliophthora thermophila, belonging to the glycoside hydrolase family 26, was functionally expressed in the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris. the putative endomannanase, dubbed mtman26a, was purified to homogeneity (60 kda) and subsequently characterized. the optimum ph and temperature for the enzymatic activity of mtman26a were 6.0 and 60 °c, respectively. mtman26a showed high specific activity against konjac glucomannan and carob ... | 2016 | 27193267 |
| cloning, purification, and characterization of galactomannan-degrading enzymes from myceliophthora thermophila. | genes of β-mannosidase 97 kda, gh family 2 (bmann9), β-mannanase 48 kda, gh family 5 (bman2), and α-galactosidase 60 kda, gh family 27 (agal1) encoding galactomannan-degrading glycoside hydrolases of myceliophthora thermophila c1 were successfully cloned, and the recombinant enzymes were purified to homogeneity and characterized. bmann9 displays only exo-mannosidase activity, the k(m) and k(cat) values are 0.4 mm and 15 sec(-1) for p-nitrophenyl-β-d-mannopyranoside, and the optimal ph and temper ... | 2012 | 23240568 |
| nutrient content of carob pod (ceratonia siliqua l.) flour prepared commercially and domestically. | although the fruit of the carob tree (ceratonia siliqua l. fabaceae) is nutritious and widely available in turkey, especially in west and south anatolia, much remains to be learned about its nutrient composition. the main goal of our study was to determine if there are differences in the content of certain nutrients in commercially-prepared carob flour (cpcp) and domestic or home-prepared carob powder (hpcp). sucrose was the main sugar in cpcp and hpcp. total protein was 40% lower in cpcp than h ... | 2009 | 19763833 |
| proanthocyanidin metabolites associated with dietary fibre from in vitro colonic fermentation and proanthocyanidin metabolites in human plasma. | proanthocyanidins (pas) or condensed tannins, a major group of dietary polyphenols, are oligomers and polymers of flavan-3-ol and flavan-3, 4-diols widely distributed in plant foods. most literature data on pas' metabolic fate deal with pas that can be extracted from the food matrix by aqueous-organic solvents ( extractable proanthocyanidins). however, there are no data on colonic fermentation of non-extractable proanthocyanidins (nepas), which arrive almost intact to the colon, mostly associate ... | 2010 | 20087856 |
| wastes valorization from rhodosporidium toruloides ncyc 921 production and biorefinery by anaerobic digestion. | yeast production and biomass biorefinery processes for lipid and carotenoid extraction generate residues that can be used as substrates for anaerobic digestion. glucose and carob pulp syrups were used as carbon sources to produce the yeast biomass. the yeast cultivation broth, yeast biomass residues (after carotenoid and lipid extraction) and the carob pulp solid residues obtained from the extraction of sugars were used to produce biogas by applying different substrate/inoculum ratios (s/i of 0. ... | 2017 | 27992793 |
| evaluation and optimization of ethanol production from carob pod extract by zymomonas mobilis using response surface methodology. | in this research, ethanol production from carob pod extract (extract) using zymomonas mobilis with medium optimized by plackett-burman (p-b) and response surface methodologies (rsm) was studied. z. mobilis was recognized as useful for ethanol production from carob pod extract. the effects of initial concentrations of sugar, peptone, and yeast extract as well as agitation rate (rpm), ph, and culture time in nonhydrolyzed carob pod extract were investigated. significantly affecting variables (p = ... | 2011 | 20820859 |
| analysis of a clostridium josui cellulase gene cluster containing the man5a gene and characterization of recombinant man5a. | a cellulase gene cluster of clostridium josui was sequenced, and was found to encode 11 proteins responsible for cellulosome (cellulolytic complex) formation, viz., cipa, cel48a, cel8a, cel9a, cel9b, orfx, cel9c, cel9d, man5a, cel9e, and cel5b, in order from the upstream side. all the predicted enzymes had a dockerin module, suggesting that these proteins are members of the c. josui cellulosome. among these genes, the man5a gene encoding β-mannanase was expressed in escherichia coli and the reco ... | 2010 | 20944403 |
| environmental sampling of ceratonia siliqua (carob) trees in spain reveals the presence of the rare cryptococcus gattii genotype aflp7/vgiv. | cryptococcus gattii is a pathogenic basidiomycetous yeast that is emerging in temperate climate zones worldwide. c. gattii has repetitively been isolated from numerous tree species. ongoing environmental sampling and molecular characterization is essential to understand the presence of this primary pathogenic microorganism in the mediterranean environment. | 2015 | 25900707 |
| polyphenols: planting the seeds of treatment for the metabolic syndrome. | greater understanding about the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and potential causes suggests that plant polyphenols might be useful as a treatment. dietary excess energy can be stored in adipocytes, leading to the release of proinflammatory cytokines and adipose-related hormones that cause vascular injury. plant polyphenols, organic compounds found in numerous plant species and their fruits, are being actively studied as potential treatments for components of the metabolic syndrome. individu ... | 2011 | 21367579 |
| antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of carob tree fruit pulps are strongly influenced by gender and cultivar. | extracts from fruit pulps of six female cultivars and two hermaphrodite portuguese carob trees [(ceratonia siliqua l., fabaceae)] exhibited strong antioxidant activity and were rich in phenolic compounds. the extracts decreased the viability of different human cancer cell lines on a dose- and time-dependent manner. gender and cultivar significantly influenced the chemical content and the biological activities of the extracts. extracts from hermaphrodite trees had a higher content of phenolic com ... | 2011 | 21639092 |
| structure-function relationships of caro, the carbapenem resistance-associated outer membrane protein of acinetobacter baumannii. | objectives in the context of the increasing worldwide occurrence of imipenem-resistant acinetobacter baumannii strains, we investigated a possible porin-mediated mechanism relating to the carbapenem resistance-associated outer membrane protein, caro. the aim of this study was to determine whether this porin may be a diffusion pathway for carbapenems in a. baumannii. methods by analysing and comparing the sequences of caro with protein databanks, we identified two major groups of sequences that w ... | 2011 | 21705362 |
| a comprehensive evaluation of the toxicology of cigarette ingredients: essential oils and resins. | a total of 32 essential oils and resins were added individually to experimental cigarettes. | 2011 | 21651429 |