| allergy epidemiology in the st. louis, missouri, area. iii. trees. | a population skin-tested with pollen from twelve wind pollinated tree species showed a variable level of allergenicity, particularly among adults. pollen extracts of box elder, willow and hickory elicited the highest allergic reactions, oak, birch, sycamore, black walnut and poplar more moderate reactions, while allergens from cottonwood, maple, elm and white ash were less reactive. since box elder is ubiquitous and produces a strongly positive reaction among adults, it should be included among ... | 1975 | 1147318 |
| an alternative approach for gene transfer in trees using wild-type agrobacterium strains. | micropropagated shoots of three forest tree species, poplar (populus tremula x p. alba), wild cherry (prunus avium l.) and walnut (juglans nigra x j. regia), were inoculated each with six different wild-type agrobacterium strains. poplar and wild cherry developed tumors that grew hormone-independently, whereas on walnut, gall formation was weak. on poplar and wild cherry, tumors induced by nopaline strains developed spontaneously shoots that had a normal phenotype and did not carry oncogenic t-d ... | 1991 | 1653060 |
| black walnut (juglans nigra) toxicosis: a model for equine laminitis. | twelve light horse geldings developed laminitis within 8 to 12 h of being dosed by nasogastric tube with an aqueous extract of black walnut (juglans nigra). four of the 12 horses developed the severe signs of grade 3 laminitis (lame at a walk, refused to lift feet). laminitis was accompanied by mild depression and limb oedema. there was no evidence of shock or colic. the horses developed neutropenia by 4 h after dosing with the extract, which shifted to a relative neutrophilia by 8 to 12 h. mini ... | 1991 | 2061431 |
| effect of an aqueous extract of black walnut (juglans nigra) on isolated equine digital vessels. | an aqueous extract was made from black walnut (juglans nigra) heartwood obtained in the fall of the year. ten hours after nasogastric administration of 5 l of the extract, a 550-kg, 13-yr-old quarter horse gelding experienced obel grade-3 laminitis. the effect of aqueous extract of black walnut on vascular contractility was then tested, using isolated equine digital arteries and veins. the vessels were maintained in krebs bicarbonate buffer with 95% oxygen at 37 c. the extract did not induce a d ... | 1990 | 2301825 |
| gamma scintigraphic analysis of the distribution of perfusion of blood in the equine foot during black walnut (juglans nigra)-induced laminitis. | twelve horses, with acute laminitis (primarily in the forefeet) at 12 hours after intragastric dosing with an aqueous extract of black walnut (juglans nigra) heart-wood, were studied. the distribution of perfusion of blood to the foot and to outlined regions within the foot was quantified, using gamma scintigraphy of regionally infused 99mtc-labeled macroaggregated albumin, before and 12 hours after extract administration. horses 1 to 3 were not studied further. perfusion was quantified again fo ... | 1990 | 2327633 |
| antagonism in isolated equine digital vessels of contraction induced by epinephrine in the presence of hydrocortisone and an aqueous extract of black walnut (juglans nigra). | prazosin, isoxsuprine, and nifedipine were screened for ability to reverse contraction of isolated equine digital vascular strips produced by epinephrine (epi) in the presence of hydrocortisone (hc) and an aqueous extract of black walnut (juglans nigra) (bw). two arteries and two veins from each of three horses for each drug (n = 9) were maintained in isolated tissue baths in krebs' bicarbonate buffer with 95% oxygen at 37 degrees c. six-point epi concentration-response (c-r) curves were obtaine ... | 1989 | 2614858 |
| black walnut toxicosis in ten horses. | black walnut toxicosis was diagnosed in 10 horses at one stable. the time from exposure to shavings to development of clinical signs was 8 to 12 hours. most common clinical signs were moderate to severe laminitis (obel grade 2 or 3), pitting edema of the distal portion of the limbs, and rapid respiratory rate. two horses had clinical signs of colic and 2 other horses had anorexia and lethargy. all 10 horses recovered without complications. | 1989 | 2768058 |
| the induction of equine laminitis with an aqueous extract of the heartwood of black walnut (juglans nigra). | an aqueous extract of the heartwood of black walnut (juglans nigra) was given via stomach tube to 10 horses. eight developed obel grade 3 or 4 laminitis within 12 hr. limb edema and mild sedation were the only other clinical signs observed. one horse was euthanized due to severe signs. the other 7 recovered within 6 days. gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of aqueous extracts of heartwood, bark and nuts of black walnut identified juglone in the bark and nuts, but not in the heartwood. it was c ... | 1987 | 3604042 |
| incidence of escherichia coli in black walnut meats. | examination of commercially shelled black walnut meats showed inconsistent numbers of total aerobic bacteria, coliforms, and escherichia coli; variation occurred among different meat sizes and within each meat size. the incidence of e. coli on meats of commercially hulled black walnuts depended on the physical condition of the nuts. apparently tightly sealed ones contained only a few or none, whereas those with visibly separated sutures and spoiled meats yielded the most. this contamination was ... | 1969 | 4905608 |
| preliminary pharmacology of ellagic acid from juglans nigra (black walnut). | | 1968 | 5693427 |
| black walnut toxicosis in horses. | | 1983 | 6643218 |
| perspective on the black walnut toxicity problem--apparent allergies to man and horse. | | 1983 | 6682363 |
| induced juglone toxicosis in ponies and horses. | juglone, a toxic compound found in all parts of plants of the walnut tree family jugans, was evaluated as the possible toxin involved in black walnut shaving-associated laminitis in the horse. large amounts (up to 1 g) of this chemical administered per os inconsistently caused mild signs of laminitis in ponies. topical application of juglone to the digits of horses caused local skin irritation but did not cause laminitis. intravenous administration of juglone caused acute pulmonary edema in some ... | 1980 | 7436086 |
| identification of root rot fungi in nursery seedlings by nested multiplex pcr. | the internal transcribed spacer (its) of the ribosomal dna (rdna) subunit repeat was sequenced in 12 isolates of cylindrocladium floridanum and 11 isolates of cylindrocarpon destructans. sequences were aligned and compared with its sequences of other fungi in genbank. some intraspecific variability was present within our collections of c. destructans but not in c. floridanum. three its variants were identified within c. destructans, but there was no apparent association between its variants and ... | 1996 | 8899993 |
| digital starling forces and hemodynamics during early laminitis induced by an aqueous extract of black walnut (juglans nigra) in horses. | starling forces and hemodynamics in the digits of 5 horses were studied during early laminitis induced by oral administration of an aqueous extract of black walnut (juglans nigra). the black walnut extract was prepared from heartwood shavings and was administered by nasogastric tube. heart and respiratory rates, rectal temperature, central venous and arterial pressures, digital pulses, and signs of lameness were monitored. blood samples were collected for determination of wbc count, hemoglobin c ... | 1995 | 8928952 |
| black walnut induced laminitis. | a 5-y-old paint horse gelding was evaluated for acute laminitis after exposure to black walnut shavings. the gelding's feet were previously soaked in an ice bath continuously for approximately 24 h. treatment consisted of anti-inflammatory and vasodilator therapy. serial radiographs revealed progressive palmar deviation of the third phalanx and subsolar abscesses in both forefeet. the gelding developed purulent discharge from the right coronary band and the hoof wall detached circumfrentially. e ... | 2000 | 10670077 |
| a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of almonds in foods. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to detect almonds as potential allergenic contaminants in food. polyclonal antibodies directed against roasted almonds were partially purified from immunized sheep and rabbits and used as capture and secondary antibodies, respectively, in a sandwich-type, 96-well plate format. food samples and almond-spiked samples were extracted 1:10 in phosphate-buffered saline at 60 degrees c for 2 h, centrifuged, and applied to wells coated with sheep anti-a ... | 2000 | 10678432 |
| laminar microvascular flow, measured by means of laser doppler flowmetry, during the prodromal stages of black walnut-induced laminitis in horses. | to measure changes in laminar microvascular blood flow (lmbf) over time in healthy horses and horses in the prodromal stage of black walnut-induced laminitis and to determine the effects of glyceryl trinitrate application on lmbf in horses with acute laminitis. | 2000 | 10951973 |
| expression of interleukin-1beta in the digital laminae of horses in the prodromal stage of experimentally induced laminitis. | to study expression of interleukin-1beta (il-1beta) in the digital laminae of horses in the prodromal stage of experimentally induced laminitis. | 2001 | 11341391 |
| depressant agent from walnut hulls. | crushed unripe walnut hulls (juglans nigra), when extracted with ether, yield an extract which sedates or at least depresses the movements of daphnia magna, leopard frogs, perch, catfish, goldfish, mice, rats, and rabbits. one purified depressant compound, 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (juglone), has been isolated and tested on most of these species. | 1961 | 14006337 |
| phytochemical inhibition of aflatoxigenicity in aspergillus flavus by constituents of walnut (juglans regia). | tulare walnut, a cultivar highly resistant to aflatoxin formation, was investigated for endogenous phytochemical constituents capable of inhibiting aflatoxigenesis in aspergillus flavus. the activity, located entirely in the pellicle (seed coat), was extractable to various degrees with polar solvents, although some activity remained unextractable, indicating that the bioactivity resided in a complex of hydrolyzable tannins. these tannins can be hydrolyzed by a fungal tannase present in a. flavus ... | 2004 | 15053524 |
| assessment of apoptosis in epidermal lamellar cells in clinically normal horses and those with laminitis. | to determine and compare the number, type, location, and distribution of apoptotic epidermal cells in the laminae of clinically normal horses and horses with laminitis. | 2004 | 15141876 |
| increased expression of mail, a cytokine-associated nuclear protein, in the prodromal stage of black walnut-induced laminitis. | the mediators and signalling cascades important in the initiation of laminitis remain unclear. we therefore wanted to explore the genes and overall signalling mechanisms that play an important role in the developmental stage of laminitis. | 2004 | 15147139 |
| a fluorescence-based rapid screening assay for cytotoxic compounds. | a simple fluorescence-based assay was developed for the rapid screening of potential cytotoxic compounds generated by combinatorial chemistry. the assay is based on detection of nuclear green fluorescent protein (gfp) staining of a human cervical cancer cell line (hela) carrying an integrated histone h2b-gfp fusion gene. addition of a cytotoxic compound to the hela-gfp cells results in the eventual degradation of dna and loss of the gfp nuclear fluorescence. using this assay, we screened 11 dist ... | 2004 | 15555600 |
| expression of the cyclooxygenase isoforms in the prodromal stage of black walnut-induced laminitis in horses. | to compare the levels of mrna expression of cycooxygenase (cox)-1 and cox-2 in the digital laminae of normal horses and horses in the developmental stages of laminitis experimentally induced by administration of black walnut extract (bwe). | 2004 | 15631041 |
| investigation of the effect of black walnut extract on in vitro ion transport and structure of equine colonic mucosa. | to examine the secretory response (in the presence and absence of prostaglandin inhibition) in vitro and structural alterations of colonic mucosa in horses after intragastric administration of black walnut extract (bwe). | 2005 | 15822589 |
| where does the subject of black walnut extract-induced laminitis fit into a colic symposium? | | 2005 | 16028614 |
| leukocyte emigration in the early stages of laminitis. | the mechanisms that initiate the pathophysiologic changes in the digital laminae in equine laminitis are poorly understood. due to the fact that (1) the horse at risk of laminitis has many similarities clinically to the human sepsis patient and (2) our recent finding of marked laminar proinflammatory cytokine expression at the developmental time point of the black walnut extract (bwe) model of laminitis, we tested the possibility that, similar to organ damage in human sepsis, leukocyte emigratio ... | 2006 | 16169600 |
| dynamic changes in circulating leukocytes during the induction of equine laminitis with black walnut extract. | administration of black walnut heartwood extract (bwhe) via nasogastric tube induces acute laminitis in horses. however, the processes responsible for the development of laminitis, including laminitis induced with bwhe, remain unclear. the results of recent studies indicate that administration of bwhe initiates an inflammatory response in the laminar tissues and that this response may be due to extravasation of activated leukocytes from the circulation. this study examines the effects of bwhe ad ... | 2006 | 16290066 |
| black walnut extract-induced laminitis in horses is associated with heterogeneous dysfunction of the laminar microvasculature. | equine laminitis purportedly involves haemodynamic dysfunction at the level of the laminar vasculature. however, to date, no studies have been performed characterising the function of laminar arteries and veins during the prodromal stages of equine laminitis. | 2005 | 16295933 |
| matrix metalloproteinase-9 in laminae of black walnut extract treated horses correlates with neutrophil abundance. | we sought to determine whether a correlation exists between neutrophil infiltration and tissue matrix metalloproteinase-9 (mmp-9) content in digital laminae collected during the prodromal and acute phases of laminitis in horses treated with an aqueous black walnut heartwood extract (bwe). hoof laminar tissue was obtained at the onset of leukopenia and at the onset of clinical signs of lameness from bwe-treated horses and at equivalent times from control horses. thin sections of laminae were scre ... | 2006 | 16822550 |
| cyclooxygenase expression in the early stages of equine laminitis: a cytologic study. | recent reports indicate increased amounts of mrna from inflammation-related genes in the prodromal stage of laminitis. | 2006 | 17063715 |
| importance of fragmentation-tolerant species as seed dispersers in disturbed landscapes. | forest fragmentation can negatively affect plants if animal seed-dispersers become locally extinct in fragments. we conducted a 2-year experiment to evaluate the importance of tree squirrels (sciurus) as seed dispersers for quercus, carya, and juglans, and to assess dispersal consequences in patches where fragmentation-sensitive eastern gray squirrels (sciurus carolinensis) are absent. we accounted for fates of approximately 15,700 seeds from five tree species in four exclosure treatments at 18 ... | 2007 | 17180374 |
| neutrophil myeloperoxidase measurements in plasma, laminar tissue, and skin of horses given black walnut extract. | to compare measurements of myeloperoxidase (mpo) in plasma, laminar tissues, and skin obtained from control horses and horses given black walnut heartwood extract (bwhe). | 2007 | 17199423 |
| lamellar pro-inflammatory cytokine expression patterns in laminitis at the developmental stage and at the onset of lameness: innate vs. adaptive immune response. | recent research has indicated that inflammation plays a role in the early stages of laminitis and that, similar to organ failure in human sepsis, early inflammatory mechanisms may lead to downstream events resulting in lamellar failure. characterisation of the type of immune response (i.e. innate vs. adaptive) is essential in order to develop therapeutic strategies to counteract these deleterious events. | 2007 | 17228594 |
| laminar xanthine oxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the prodromal stage of black-walnut induced equine laminitis. | reasons for study: xanthine oxidase (xo)-dependent production of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, a characteristic of ischaemia-reperfusion injury, may contribute to the development of equine laminitis. | 2007 | 17228595 |
| ethnoveterinary medicines used to treat endoparasites and stomach problems in pigs and pets in british columbia, canada. | this paper documents the medicinal plants used to treat endoparasites and stomach problems in dogs, cats and pigs in british columbia, canada. ethnoveterinary data was collected over a 6-month period in 2003. the majority of the information on pets came from 2 naturopaths, 10 herbalists, 5 dog trainers, breeders and pet shop owners, 9 holistic veterinarians and 6 of 27 organic farmers. two pig farmers joined the study in the final stages. the following plants were used as anthelmintics: artemisi ... | 2007 | 17628343 |
| improved technique for enumeration of escherichia coli on black walnut meats. | | 1947 | 17746230 |
| early laminar events involving endothelial activation in horses with black walnut- induced laminitis. | to determine proinflammatory gene expression, endothelial adhesion molecule gene expression, and matrix metalloproteinase (mmp) concentrations in laminar specimens at 1.5 hours after administration of black walnut extract (bwe) and to compare these values with later time points. | 2007 | 17975975 |
| antibacterial activity of tannin constituents from phaseolus vulgaris, fagoypyrum esculentum, corylus avellana and juglans nigra. | tannins were fractionated from acetonic extract preparations of phenolic compounds from phaseolus vulgaris, fagoypyrum esculentum, corylus avellana and juglans nigra. wide variations in antibacterial activities ranging from mics of 62.5 to 500 microg/ml were apparent. of particular note was a relatively high level of activity (62.5 to 125 microg/ml) for all extracts against listeria monocytogenes. | 2008 | 18325686 |
| thromboxane and isoprostanes as inflammatory and vasoactive mediators in black walnut heartwood extract induced equine laminitis. | inflammation and vascular dysfunction occur concurrently during the prodromal stages of equine laminitis. the aim of this study was to provide insights into the role that thromboxane and isoprostanes may play in the development of black walnut heartwood extract (bwhe)-induced laminitis. horses were divided into two groups, either control or bwhe-administered horses. plasma concentrations of thromboxane increased transiently after administration of bwhe and coincided with the nadir in white blood ... | 2009 | 19111354 |
| tissue concentrations of 4-hne in the black walnut extract model of laminitis: indication of oxidant stress in affected laminae. | in the septic horse prone to laminitis, a similar activation of the innate immune system appears to occur as reported in the septic human prone to organ failure. because oxidant injury plays a central role in organ failure occurring due to an overzealous innate immune response in human sepsis, this study was performed to determine whether there was evidence of oxidant stress in the laminar tissue in the early stages of laminitis. 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-hne), a lipid aldehyde that forms due to li ... | 2009 | 19118907 |
| indices of inflammation in the lung and liver in the early stages of the black walnut extract model of equine laminitis. | the liver and lung are not only described as "target organs" in sepsis in most species, but are purported to be sources of circulating inflammatory mediators central to the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (sirs). as we have recently reported an inflammatory response in the laminar tissue in laminitis similar to that described in "target organs" in human sepsis, we investigated the inflammatory response of the lung and liver in the black walnut extract (bwe) model of equine laminitis to d ... | 2009 | 19124160 |
| temporal aspects of laminar gene expression during the developmental stages of equine laminitis. | the results of recent studies indicate that inflammatory responses occurring in the early stages of equine laminitis lead to downstream events that eventually result in failure of the bond between the hoof wall and the distal phalanx. in order to gain further insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of laminitis, an equine-specific cdna microarray consisting of transcripts for more that 3000 genes was used to assess temporal changes in gene expression in laminar tissues ... | 2009 | 19128842 |
| cloning and expression of adam-related metalloproteases in equine laminitis. | equine laminitis is a debilitating disease affecting the digital laminae that suspend the distal phalanx within the hoof. while the clinical progression of the disease has been well documented, the molecular events associated with its pathogenesis remain largely unknown. using real time quantitative pcr (rt-qpcr), we have investigated the expression of genes coding for proteins containing a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain (adam), as well as genes encoding the natural inhibitors of these e ... | 2009 | 19131116 |
| calprotectin in myeloid and epithelial cells of laminae from horses with black walnut extract-induced laminitis. | laminar inflammation is one of the earliest events in equine laminitis. calprotectin (cp), a damage-associated molecular pattern protein, is overexpressed in inflammatory conditions of human skin. | 2009 | 19175737 |
| hardwood tree survival in heavy ground cover on reclaimed land in west virginia: mowing and ripping effects. | current west virginia coal mining regulations emphasize reforestation as a preferred postmining land use on surface mined areas. some mined sites reclaimed to pasture are being converted to forests. in the spring of 2001, we compared the establishment and growth of five hardwood tree species on a reclaimed west virginaia surface mine with compacted soils and a heavy grass groundcover. we planted 1-yr-old seedlings of five species (black cherry [prunus serotina ehrh.], red oak [quercus rubra l.], ... | 2009 | 19465715 |
| in vivo and in vitro evidence of the involvement of cxcl1, a keratinocyte-derived chemokine, in equine laminitis. | c-x-c motif ligand 1 (cxcl1) is an important chemokine of epithelial origin in rodents and humans. | 2009 | 19572911 |
| comparison of characteristics and enzymatic products of leukocytes in the skin and laminar tissues of horses administered black walnut heartwood extract or lipopolysaccharide. | to compare characteristics and enzymatic products of leukocytes detected in the skin and laminar tissues of horses administered black walnut heartwood extract (bwhe) and horses administered purified lipopolysaccharide (lps). | 2009 | 19878021 |
| equine neutrophil elastase in plasma, laminar tissue, and skin of horses administered black walnut heartwood extract. | laminitis is a local manifestation of a systemic inflammatory response that is characterized by neutrophil activation and movement of neutrophils into the laminar tissues. given the evidence for the involvement of neutrophils in the development of laminitis, we measured concentrations of neutrophil elastase, a serine protease released from the azurophilic granules of neutrophils, in plasma, skin and laminar tissues obtained from control horses and horses given black walnut heartwood extract (bwh ... | 2010 | 19939463 |
| evaluation of the possible role of prostaglandin f(2 alpha) in laminitis induced in horses by nasogastric administration of black walnut heartwood extract. | to provide insights into the role of prostaglandin f(2 alpha) (pgf(2 alpha)) in the developmental stages of laminitis induced in horses by ingestion of black walnut heartwood extract (bwhe). | 2010 | 20113226 |
| black walnut extract: an inflammatory model. | the black walnut extract (bwe) model was developed after the discovery that horses bedded on shavings from black walnut trees commonly developed laminitis. the first investigators that consistently induced laminitis with black walnut shavings established that it was only the heartwood of the tree that induced laminitis. the bwe model of laminitis has allowed investigators to determine many of the early pathologic signaling events likely to occur in the developmental and acute clinical stages of ... | 2010 | 20381738 |
| effect of intravenous lidocaine administration on laminar inflammation in the black walnut extract model of laminitis. | laminitis is a serious complication of horses suffering from sepsis/endotoxaemia-related events. laminitis in horses and organ injury in human sepsis are both reported to involve inflammatory injury to the laminae/organs including early activation of endothelium and leucocytes leading to emigration of neutrophils into the tissue interstitium. in the black walnut extract (bwe) model, systemic inflammatory events coincide with marked increase in laminar mrna concentrations of inflammatory genes in ... | 2010 | 20486984 |
| in vivo priming and ex vivo activation of equine neutrophils in black walnut extract-induced equine laminitis is not attenuated by systemic lidocaine administration. | laminitis is a crippling disease of horses characterized by an inflammatory response in the tissue that suspends the axial skeleton within the hoof. pain is a common feature of laminitic pathology and its management is an important component of the treatment regime for this disease. systemic lidocaine administration is commonly utilized to manage pain in equine laminitis; however, the potential anti-inflammatory effects of this drug during the treatment of equine laminitis have not been investig ... | 2010 | 20667603 |
| laminar leukocyte accumulation in horses with carbohydrate overload-induced laminitis. | while there is evidence of laminar leukocyte infiltration in black walnut extract (bwe)-induced laminitis, there is no such evidence for carbohydrate overload (cho) laminitis. | 2010 | 21143304 |
| presence of mononuclear cells in normal and affected laminae from the black walnut extract model of laminitis. | there is increasing evidence of involvement of inflammatory cells in acute laminitis. | 2011 | 21143633 |
| laminar inflammatory gene expression in the carbohydrate overload model of equine laminitis. | there is a need to assess the laminar inflammatory response in a laminitis model that more closely resembles clinical cases of sepsis-related laminitis than the black walnut extract (bwe) model. | 2011 | 21143634 |
| contrasting the morphology, anatomy and fungal colonization of new pioneer and fibrous roots. | • not all roots born as first-order branches are the same and this has important consequences for overall function. we hypothesized that, compared with fibrous roots, pioneer roots are built to live longer at the expense of absorptive capacity. • we tested this hypothesis by investigating pioneer and fibrous roots in their first 14 d of life in the arbuscular mycorrhizal tree species: acer negundo, acer saccharum, juglans nigra, liriodendron tulipifera and populus tremuloides. root observations ... | 2011 | 21210817 |
| reclassification of the butternut canker fungus, sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum, into the genus ophiognomonia. | sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum (sc-j), which causes a canker disease on butternut, is largely responsible for the decline of this tree in the united states and canada. the original description of the species was based on anamorphic characters because the teleomorph is unknown. recent phylogenetic investigations have found that sc-j is not a member of the genus sirococcus, and accurate taxonomic classification is required. the objective of this study is to use sequence data to determine ... | 2010 | 21215957 |
| evaluation of the ability of aqueous black walnut extracts to induce the production of reactive oxygen species. | to assess the in vitro capability of aqueous black walnut extracts (bwes) to generate reactive oxygen species in water-based media ranging in makeup from a simple buffer solution to a complex solution containing serum. | 2011 | 21355732 |
| evaluation of the in vitro effects of aqueous black walnut extract on equine mononuclear cells. | to evaluate effects of black walnut extract (bwe) on equine mononuclear cells and determine whether bwe has direct proinflammatory effects. | 2011 | 21355733 |
| role of oxidative tissue injury in the pathophysiology of experimentally induced equine laminitis: a comparison of 2 models. | oxidative stress reportedly plays a role in sepsis-induced organ dysfunction and failure in many species. in septic horses, laminae are targeted; evidence of laminar oxidative stress has been reported experimentally in the black walnut extract (bwe) model. carbohydrate (cho)-induced laminitis may be more similar to clinical sepsis-related laminitis than the bwe model in that animals with cho-induced disease commonly develop laminar failure. the role of oxidative stress in the cho model remains u ... | 2011 | 21418321 |
| cardiovascular effects of consumption of black versus english walnuts. | abstract english walnuts have been shown to decrease cardiovascular disease risk; however, black walnuts do not appear to have not been studied for their cardioprotective effects. the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of english versus black walnut consumption on blood lipids, body weight, fatty-acid composition of red blood cell (rbc) membranes, and endothelial function. consumption of 30 g of english walnuts per day for 30 days, by 36 human participants, improved blood lipids; ... | 2011 | 21488754 |
| lamellar leukocyte infiltration and involvement of il-6 during oligofructose-induced equine laminitis development. | laminitis is known to involve deregulation of proteases and destruction of the lamellar basement membrane with the host inflammatory response also playing a role. leukocyte infiltration has been well characterized in the black walnut model of laminitis induction, but not in carbohydrate induced models. increased gene expression of multiple cytokines, including il-6, has also been implicated in laminitis development. using real time pcr, immunohistochemistry and zymography methods, we characteriz ... | 2011 | 21831454 |
| Detection of calprotectin and apoptotic activity within the equine colon from horses with black walnut extract-induced laminitis. | The black walnut extract (BWE) model of equine laminitis is associated with a systemic inflammatory response manifest by increased expression of inflammatory cytokines in the lungs and liver as well as the laminae. The specific role of the gastrointestinal tract in development of this response is unclear and is of utmost importance, as gastrointestinal disease and laminitis are intimately related. We investigated calprotectin expression and epithelial and endothelial apoptosis in the colon of ho ... | 2011 | 21890218 |
| mechanisms governing the responses to anthracnose pathogen in juglans spp. | juglans nigra and juglans regia are two highly economically important species for wood and fruit production that are susceptible to anthracnose caused by gnomonia leptostyla. the identification of genotypes resistant to anthracnose could represent a valid alternative to agronomic and chemical management. in this study, we analyzed 72 walnut genotypes that showed a variety of resistance phenotypes in response to natural infection. according to the disease severity rating and microsatellite finger ... | 2011 | 21884735 |
| roles of jnrap2.6-like from the transition zone of black walnut in hormone signaling. | an est sequence, designated jnrap2-like, was isolated from tissue at the heartwood/sapwood transition zone (tz) in black walnut (juglans nigra l). the deduced amino acid sequence of jnrap2-like protein consists of a single ap2-containing domain with significant similarity to conserved ap2/erf dna-binding domains in other species. based on multiple sequence alignment, jnrap2-like appears to be an ortholog of rap2.6l (at5g13330), which encodes an ethylene response element binding protein in arabid ... | 2013 | 24265672 |
| models to predict the start of the airborne pollen season. | aerobiological data can be used as indirect but reliable measures of flowering phenology to analyze the response of plant species to ongoing climate changes. the aims of this study are to evaluate the performance of several phenological models for predicting the pollen start of season (pss) in seven spring-flowering trees (alnus glutinosa, acer negundo, carpinus betulus, platanus occidentalis, juglans nigra, alnus viridis, and castanea sativa) and in two summer-flowering herbaceous species (arte ... | 2015 | 25234751 |
| relationship between leaf litter identity, expression of cytochrome p450 genes and life history traits of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. | the role of toxic component of leaf litter in mediating the outcome of mosquito species interactions is not well documented. to examine the effect of leaf litter toxins on mosquito performance and interspecific interactions, we reared monospecific and heterospecific cultures of aedes aegypti l. and aedes albopictus skuse larvae in microcosms with one of five leaf species and measured the expression of five cytochrome p450 genes and life history traits of the two mosquito species. for both mosqui ... | 2012 | 22198240 |
| efficacy of heat treatment for the thousand cankers disease vector and pathogen in small black walnut logs. | thousand cankers disease, caused by the walnut twig beetle (pityophthorus juglandis blackman) and an associated fungal pathogen (geosmithia morbida m. kolarík, e. freeland, c. utley, and n. tisserat), threatens the health and commercial use of eastern black walnut (juglans nigra l.), one of the most economically valuable tree species in the united states. effective phytosanitary measures are needed to reduce the possibility of spreading this insect and pathogen through wood movement. this study ... | 2014 | 24665700 |
| host range of the emerald ash borer (agrilus planipennis fairmaire) (coleoptera: buprestidae) in north america: results of multiple-choice field experiments. | emerald ash borer (agrilus planipennis fairmaire) (coleoptera: buprestidae), an invasive phloem-feeding pest, was identified as the cause of widespread ash (fraxinus) mortality in southeast michigan and windsor, ontario, canada, in 2002. a. planipennis reportedly colonizes other genera in its native range in asia, including ulmus l., juglans l., and pterocarya kunth. attacks on nonash species have not been observed in north america to date, but there is concern that other genera could be coloniz ... | 2008 | 18348815 |
| juglone reduces growth, nitrogenase activity, and root respiration of actinorhizal black alder seedlings. | european black alder trees [alnus glutinosa (l.) gaertn.] fix nitrogen with nodular symbionts and are interplanted with valuable black walnut trees (juglans nigra l.) to increase soil nitrogen fertility. however, on some soils interplanted alder can be killed by black walnut's allelochemical juglone. in order to better understand the effects of juglone directly on the growth, nitrogen fixation, and root respiration of black alder, we grew nodulated alders hydroponically in a nitrogen-free nutrie ... | 1989 | 24272185 |
| seasonal changes in nodular nitrogenase activity of alnus glutinosa and elaeagnus angustifolia. | root nodule development, and seasonal patterns of nodular nitrogenase and hydrogenase activities were determined for 5- to 8-year old black alder (alnus glutinosa (l.) gaertn.) and russian olive (elaeagnus angustifolia l.) interplanted with black walnut (juglans nigra l.) on bottomland and upland sites in central illinois, usa. black alder produced nodules at both sites, but russian olive did so only at the bottomland site. nodular nitrogenase activity was detectable in both species over a 220-d ... | 1989 | 14972986 |
| juglone concentration in soil beneath black walnut interplanted with nitrogen-fixing species. | juglone concentration was measured in soils collected under a 14-year-old black walnut (juglans nigra l.) plantation containing plots of pure walnut and of walnut mixed with either autumn-olive (elaeagnus umbellata thunb.) or european black alder (alnus glutinosa (l.) gaertn.). juglone concentrations declined with soil depth and distance from the walnut tree. concentrations in autumn-olive-walnut plots were statistically lower than concentrations in european black alder-walnut or pure walnut plo ... | 1985 | 24310277 |
| allelopathic effects of juglone on germination and growth of several herbaceous and woody species. | laboratory experiments were conducted to determine juglone sensitivity of 16 species (trifolium incarnatum, coronilla varia, vicia villosa, lespedeza stipulacea, l. cuneata, acer ginnala, caragana arbor-escens, elaegnus angustifolia, e. umbellata, lonicera maackii, quercus alba, fraxinus americana, liriodendron tulipifera, alnus glutinosa, pinus strobus, andp. sylvestris) being considered for mixed plantings withjugions nigra (black walnut). all species were sensitive to juglone, but seed germin ... | 1983 | 24407348 |
| serotonin content of foods: effect on urinary excretion of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. | using a highly specific radioenzymatic assay we determined the serotonin concentration in 80 types of foods. the following fruits had a high serotonin concentration (mean +/- sem) expressed in micrograms/g weight: plantain 30.3 +/- 7.5; pineapple 17.0 +/- 5.1; banana 15.0 +/- 2.4; kiwi fruit 5.8 +/- 0.9; plums 4.7 +/- 0.8; and tomatoes 3.2 +/- 0.6. only nuts in the walnut or hickory family had a high serotonin concentration expressed in micrograms/g weight; butternuts 398 +/- 90; black walnuts 3 ... | 1985 | 2413754 |
| a knat3-like homeobox gene from juglans nigra l., jnknat3-like, highly expressed during heartwood formation. | the value of black walnut (juglans nigra l.) is affected by the quality and quantity of darkly colored heartwood in its stem. we are exploring the regulation of heartwood production by identifying genes associated with the transition from sapwood to heartwood. previous microarray data indicated that heartwood formation may be related to programmed cell death (pcd). to test this hypothesis, we analyzed the region of heartwood formation in walnut stems (i.e., the transition zone, tz) for the expre ... | 2009 | 19787353 |
| elemental composition of edible nuts: fast optimization and validation procedure of an icp-oes method. | an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry method for the speedy simultaneous detection of 19 elements in edible nuts (walnuts: juglans nigra; almonds: prunus dulcis; hazelnuts: corylus avellana; brazil nuts: bertholletia excelsa; cashews: anacardium occidentalle; pistachios: pistacia vera; and peanuts: arachis hypogaea) available on the serbian markets, was optimized and validated through the selection of instrumental parameters and analytical lines free from spectral interfere ... | 2015 | 25298065 |
| elemental composition and chemical characteristics of five edible nuts (almond, brazil, pecan, macadamia and walnut) consumed in southern africa. | the total elemental concentrations and proximate chemical composition of five different tree nuts, almond (prunus dulcus), brazil (bertholletia excelsa), pecan (carya pecan), macadamia (macadamia integrifolia) and walnut (juglans nigra) that are consumed in south african households were investigated. in addition, six physicochemical properties of the extracted nut oils, namely acid value, iodine value, saponification value, refractive index, density and specific gravity were evaluated. a high co ... | 2013 | 17562467 |
| genetic diversity and identification of chinese-grown pecan using issr and ssr markers. | pecan is an important horticultural nut crop originally from north america and now widely cultivated in china for its high ecological, ornamental and economic value. currently, there are over one hundred cultivars grown in china, including introduced american cultivars and chinese seedling breeding cultivars. molecular markers were used to assess the genetic diversity of these cultivars and to identify the pedigrees of fine pecan plants with good characteristics and no cultivar-related data. a t ... | 2011 | 22146370 |
| potentiometric detection of model bioaerosol particles. | a new technique for the detection of bioaerosols is presented, utilizing particle combustion/ionization in a premixed hydrogen/oxygen/nitrogen flame plasma, followed by gas phase electrochemical detection. bermuda grass pollen (cynodon dactylon, one of the most common causes of pollen allergy) and black walnut pollen (juglans nigra) were used as model bioaerosol particles. we demonstrate that single particle detection can be comfortably achieved by zero current potential measurements between two ... | 2010 | 20738107 |
| peroxynitrite scavenging activity of herb extracts. | peroxynitrite (onoo(-)) is a cytotoxicant with strong oxidizing properties toward various cellular constituents, including sulphydryls, lipids, amino acids and nucleotides and can cause cell death, lipid peroxidation, carcinogenesis and aging. the aim of this study was to characterize onoo(-) scavenging constituents from herbs. twenty-eight herbs were screened for their onoo(-) scavenging activities with the use of a fluorometric method. the potency of scavenging activity following the addition ... | 2002 | 12112294 |
| phytosanitation methods influence posttreatment colonization of juglans nigra logs by pityophthorus juglandis (coleoptera: curculionidae: scolytinae). | several north american walnut species (juglans spp.) are threatened by thousand cankers disease which is caused by the walnut twig beetle (pityophthorus juglandis blackman) and its associated fungal plant pathogen, geosmithia morbida m. kolarík, e. freeland, c. utley and n. tisserat sp. nov. spread of this disease may occur via movement of infested black walnut (juglans nigra l.) wood. this study evaluated the ability of p. juglandis to colonize j. nigra wood previously treated with various phyt ... | 2016 | 26318005 |
| geosmithia morbida sp. nov., a new phytopathogenic species living in symbiosis with the walnut twig beetle (pityophthorus juglandis) on juglans in usa. | widespread morbidity and mortality of juglans nigra has occurred in the western usa over the past decade. tree mortality is the result of aggressive feeding by the walnut twig beetle (pityophthorus juglandis) and subsequent canker development around beetle galleries caused by a filamentous ascomycete in genus geosmithia (ascomycota: hypocreales). thirty-seven geosmithia strains collected from j. californica, j. hindsii, j. major and j. nigra in seven usa states (az, ca, co, id, or, ut, wa) were ... | 2011 | 20943528 |
| photosynthetic response of soybean to microclimate in 26-year-old tree-based intercropping systems in southern ontario, canada. | in order to study the effect of light competition and microclimatic modifications on the net assimilation (na), growth and yield of soybean (glycine max l.) as an understory crop, three 26-year-old soybean-tree (acer saccharinum marsh., populus deltoides x nigra, juglans nigra l.) intercropping systems were examined. tree competition reduced photosynthetically active radiation (par) incident on soybeans and reduced net assimilation, growth and yield of soybean. soil moisture of 20 cm depth close ... | 2015 | 26053375 |
| occurrence and fate of the phytotoxin juglone in alley soils under black walnut trees. | juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-napthoquinone) is a chemical released by walnut trees, which can be toxic at various levels to several plant species. a balance among competing source and sink mechanisms and rates will ultimately determine whether juglone is capable of attaining sufficient levels to be allelopathic to intercrops in a walnut tree agroforestry system. in this study, juglone's release, accumulation, and decline in soil are explored using data from soil beneath a black walnut tree (juglans ni ... | 2012 | 17412906 |
| de novo genome assembly of geosmithia morbida, the causal agent of thousand cankers disease. | geosmithia morbida is a filamentous ascomycete that causes thousand cankers disease in the eastern black walnut tree. this pathogen is commonly found in the western u.s.; however, recently the disease was also detected in several eastern states where the black walnut lumber industry is concentrated. g. morbida is one of two known phytopathogens within the genus geosmithia, and it is vectored into the host tree via the walnut twig beetle. we present the first de novo draft genome of g. morbida. i ... | 2016 | 27168971 |
| colonization of artificially stressed black walnut trees by ambrosia beetle, bark beetle, and other weevil species (coleoptera: curculionidae) in indiana and missouri. | thousand cankers disease (tcd) is a new disease of black walnut (juglans nigra l.) in the eastern united states. the disease is caused by the interaction of the aggressive bark beetle pityophthorus juglandis blackman and the canker-forming fungus, geosmithia morbida m. kolarik, e. freeland, c. utley & tisserat, carried by the beetle. other insects also colonize tcd-symptomatic trees and may also carry pathogens. a trap tree survey was conducted in indiana and missouri to characterize the assembl ... | 2015 | 26314028 |
| phylogeography of the walnut twig beetle, pityophthorus juglandis, the vector of thousand cankers disease in north american walnut trees. | thousand cankers disease (tcd) of walnut trees (juglans spp.) results from aggressive feeding in the phloem by the walnut twig beetle (wtb), pityophthorus juglandis, accompanied by inoculation of its galleries with a pathogenic fungus, geosmithia morbida. in 1960, wtb was only known from four u.s. counties (in arizona, california, and new mexico), but the species has now (2014) invaded over 115 counties, representing much of the western usa, and at least six states in the eastern usa. the easter ... | 2015 | 25695760 |
| population structure of geosmithia morbida, the causal agent of thousand cankers disease of walnut trees in the united states. | the ascomycete geosmithia morbida and the walnut twig beetle pityophthorus juglandis are associated with thousand cankers disease of juglans (walnut) and pterocarya (wingnut). the disease was first reported in the western united states (usa) on several juglans species, but has been found more recently in the eastern usa in the native range of the highly susceptible juglans nigra. we performed a comprehensive population genetic study of 209 g. morbida isolates collected from juglans and pterocary ... | 2014 | 25393300 |
| the effect of temperature on survival of pityophthorus juglandis (coleoptera: curculionidae). | the walnut twig beetle (pityophthorus juglandis blackman) vectors geosmithia morbida, the causal agent of thousand cankers disease in juglans, and is particularly damaging to juglans nigra l. (black walnut). native hosts of p. juglandis are distributed in the southwestern united states where winter temperatures tend to be higher than those found within the native range of black walnut. to better understand temperature effects on survival of p. juglandis, we initiated studies to determine: 1) sea ... | 2013 | 24331619 |
| genetic differentiation and spatial structure of geosmithia morbida, the causal agent of thousand cankers disease in black walnut (juglans nigra). | the main objectives of this study were to evaluate genetic composition of geosmithia morbida populations in the native range of black walnut and provide a better understanding regarding demography of the pathogen. the fungus g. morbida, and the walnut twig beetle, pityophthorus juglandis, have been associated with a disease complex of black walnut (juglans nigra) known as thousand cankers disease (tcd). the disease is manifested as branch dieback and canopy loss, eventually resulting in tree dea ... | 2014 | 24177436 |
| anti-fungal and anti-mycobacterial activity of plants of nuevo leon, mexico. | severe fungal infections, particularly those caused by candida spp, have increased in recent decades and are associated with an extremely high rate of morbidity and mortality. since plants are an important source of potentially bioactive compounds, in this work the antifungal activity of the methanol extracts of 10 plants (acacia rigidula, buddleja cordata, cephalanthus occidentalis, juglans nigra, parkinsonia aculeata, parthenium hysterophorus, quercus canbyi, ricinus communis, salvia coccinea ... | 2017 | 28603107 |
| purification and characterization of a black walnut (juglans nigra) allergen, jug n 4. | tree nuts as a group cause a significant number of fatal anaphylactic reactions to foods. walnuts (juglans spp.) are one of the leading causes of allergic reactions to tree nuts in the u.s. and japan. the purpose of this study was to purify and characterize potential food allergens from black walnut. here, we report the isolation of the black walnuts allergen jug n 4 (an 11s globulin) by ammonium sulfate precipitation, hydrophobic interaction, and size exclusion chromatography. reducing sds-page ... | 0 | 27936684 |
| sensory profiles and seasonal variation of black walnut cultivars. | black walnut (juglans nigra l.) is a north american hardwood tree valued for producing nuts and wood. black walnut cultivars were evaluated by a trained panel over 2 growing seasons to determine the seasonal variation in the sensory profile. results showed that cultivars were significantly different on 3 appearance (skin color, nutmeat color, and kernel roughness), 1 aroma (black walnut id), 5 flavor (black walnut id, banana-like, piny, rancid, and overall nutty), and 2 texture attributes (surfa ... | 0 | 26849318 |
| clinical signs associated with ingestion of black walnut tree (juglans nigra) wood, nuts, and hulls in dogs: 93 cases (2001-2012). | to identify clinical signs associated with oral exposure to black walnut tree (juglans nigra) wood, nuts, or nut hulls in dogs and to compare clinical syndromes between dogs that ingested wood and dogs that ingested the walnuts or nut hulls. | 0 | 26720086 |
| walnut allergens: molecular characterization, detection and clinical relevance. | food-induced allergies have been regarded as an emergent problem of public health. classified as important allergenic ingredients, the presence of walnut and other nuts as hidden allergens in processed foods constitutes a risk for sensitized individuals, being a real problem of allergen management. attending to the increasing importance dedicated to walnut allergy, this review intends to provide the relevant and up-to-date information on main issues such as the prevalence of walnut allergy, the ... | 0 | 24382327 |
| photosynthetic, hydraulic and biomechanical responses of juglans californica shoots to wildfire. | leaf gas exchange and stem xylem hydraulic and mechanical properties were studied for unburned adults and resprouting burned juglans californica (southern california black walnut) trees 1 year after a fire to explore possible trade-offs between mechanical and hydraulic properties of plants. the co(2) uptake rates and stomatal conductance were 2-3 times greater for resprouting trees than for unburned adults. both predawn and midday water potentials were more negative for unburned adult trees, ind ... | 2010 | 20496153 |
| behavioral responses of pityophthorus juglandis (coleoptera: curculionidae: scolytinae) to volatiles of black walnut and geosmithia morbida (ascomycota: hypocreales: bionectriaceae), the causal agent of thousand cankers disease. | thousand cankers disease (tcd) is a pest complex formed by the association of the walnut twig beetle (wtb), pityophthorus juglandis blackman (coleoptera: curculionidae: scolytinae), with the fungal pathogen geosmithia morbida kolařík, freeland, utley and tisserat (ascomycota: hypocreales: bionectriaceae). current monitoring and detection efforts for wtb rely on a pheromone lure that is effective over a limited distance while plant- and fungal-derived volatiles that may facilitate host location r ... | 2018 | 29373654 |
| prey acceptability and preference of oenopia conglobata (coleoptera: coccinellidae), a candidate for biological control in urban green areas. | oenopia conglobata is one of the most common ladybird species in urban green areas of the mediterranean region. we have obtained data about its prey acceptability and prey preferences. in a laboratory experiment, we investigated the acceptability of seven aphid and one psyllid species as prey for this coccinellid: the aphids chaitophorus populeti, aphis gossypii, aphis craccivoramonelliopsis caryae, eucallipterus tiliae, aphis nerii (on white poplar, pomegranate, false acacia, black walnut, lime ... | 2018 | 29329217 |