| shell thinning and residues of organochlorines and mercury in seabird eggs, eastern canada, 1970-76. | organochlorine and mercury concentrations are reported for 252 eggs of leach's storm-petrel (oceanodroma leucorhoa), double-crested cormorant (phalarocorax auritus), common eider (somateria mollissima), common tern (sterna hirundo), razorbill (alca torda), common murre (uria aalge) black guillemot (cepphus grylle), and atlantic puffin (fratercula arctica) from the bay of fundy, the gulf of st. lawrence, and the open atlantic shore of canada during 1970-76. concentrations of all organochlorines e ... | 1979 | 117427 |
| dde feeding and plasma osmoregulation in ducks, guillemots, and puffins. | to assess the possibility that organochlorine pesticide disruption of osmoregulation is responsible for recent large kills of young seabirds, we have studied the effects of dde feeding (10-250 ppm) on plasma osmoregulation and nasal gland function in the following species: mallared and white pekin ducks (both anas platyrhynchos), black guillemot (cepphus grylle), and common (fratercula arctica). other investigators have recently reported that dietary dde (10-1,000 ppm) inhibits nasal gland secre ... | 1976 | 134641 |
| isolation of an influenza virus, similar to a/port chalmers/1/73 (h3n2) from a common murre at sakhalin island in u.s.s.r. (strain a/common murre/sakhalin/1/74). | an influenza a virus isolated from the cloaca of a common murre was characterized antigenically as h3n2 and was most closely related to the a/port chalmers/1/73 strain. serological studies of sera collected from common murres in the area of virus isolation showed that 21 per cent of the birds had antibodies to hong kong influenza virus. | 1977 | 851395 |
| [discovery of natural foci of newcastle disease virus in the ussr]. | in examination of colonial birds in the volga delta in the astrakhan region (188 bioassays from 229 birds) and in the komandorskie islands of the kamchatka region (244 bioassays from 208 birds) in 1974, 15 strains of newcastle disease virus (ndv) were isolated (8 strains from 7 birds and 7 strains from 12 birds, respectively). the strains were isolated from egretta alba and ardea cinerea, and phalacracorax carbo in the astrakhan region and from lunda cirrhata and uria aalge in the komandorskie i ... | 1977 | 906443 |
| the ornithodoros (alectorobius) capensis group (acarina: ixodoidea: argasidae) of the palearctic and oriental regions. o. (a.) maritimus: identity, marine bird hosts, virus infections, and distribution in western europe and northwestern africa. | in 1967, vermeil and marguet described ornithodoros coniceps maritimus from larvae reared from larvae taken from marine birds on dumet island (atlantic ocean), basse bretagne, france. we collected o. (a.) coniceps canestrini, 1890, from the type locality (venice, italy) and determined that the taxons coniceps and maritimus each require full species status. we selected a lectotype and paralectotypes for the taxon maritimus from the original dumet island material. the larva of maritimus is redescr ... | 1976 | 978368 |
| structure of phenolic metabolites of p,p'-dde in rat, wild seal and guillemot. | | 1975 | 1134553 |
| mercury concentrations in seabirds from colonies in the northeast atlantic. | total mercury concentrations were determined in samples of body feathers from a range of common seabird species breeding at låtrabjarg, northwest iceland, st. kilda, foula and the firth of forth, scotland and bleiksøy, syltefjord, and hornøy, norway. seabirds from låtrabjarg generally exhibited the highest mercury concentrations, with a trend of decreasing mercury concentrations in a southwest to northeast direction in seabirds at the other colonies; seabirds at hornøy were generally found to ha ... | 1992 | 1456785 |
| tissue distribution of lipogenesis in vivo in the common murre (uria aalge) and the domestic chicken (gallus domesticus). | 1. total body lipogenesis was similar in the murre and the chicken. 2. the liver contributes 10.4% to whole body lipogenesis in fed murres when measured in vivo using 3h2o. 3. the liver contributes 28.0% to whole body lipogenesis in the fed chicken. 4. the lower contribution of the liver in the murre may be a consequence of the high fat diet of the murre relative to the chicken. | 1990 | 1977546 |
| [the "diseased" or "dead" guillemots (uria aalge), three-toed gulls (rissa tridactyla), silver gulls (larus argentatus) and laughing gulls (larus ridibundus) found in the area of the german bay, 1982-1985]. | between 1982 and 1985 the cadavers of 50 guillemots (uria aalge), 41 kittiwakes (rissa tridactyla), 26 herring gulls (larus argentatus) and 34 black-headed gulls (larus ridibundus) were examined pathological, bacteriological and virological. the probable cause of death was established. parasitosis were particularly prevalent in herring gulls (49%), where the main infection--as in black-headed gulls--was with cestoides. in kittiwakes and guillemots mainly spiruroideae were recorded. the commonest ... | 1989 | 2752934 |
| adenovirus-like particles associated with intranuclear inclusion bodies in the kidney of a common murre (uria aalge). | adenovirus-like particles were identified by transmission electron microscopy in intranuclear inclusion bodies in the renal collecting tubules of a male common murre. the bird had been trapped in an oil-spill and had been cleaned and held in captivity before euthanasia. the presence of the virus appeared to be causing little or no renal disease. it is thought that this bird suffered activation of a latent viral infection as a result of the stress of oil intoxication, handling, and confinement. | 1985 | 2985038 |
| sensitivity of opioid receptor-like receptor orl1 for chemical modification on nociceptin, a naturally occurring nociceptive peptide. | nociceptin or orphanin fq is a novel neuropeptide that activates an opioid-like g protein-coupled receptor orl1. this heptadecapeptide fggftgarksarklanq resembles kappa-opioid peptide dynorphin a but exhibits an opposite effect to make animals hyperreactive to nociceptive stimulations (meunier, j.-c., mollereau, c., toll, l., suaudeau, c., moisand, c., alvinerie, p., butour, j.-l., guillemot, j.-c., ferrara, p., monsarrat, b., mazarguil, h., vassart, g., parmentier, m., and costentin, j. (1995) ... | 1996 | 8798582 |
| observations on the helminths of harbour porpoises (phocoena phocoena) and common guillemots (uria aalge) from the belgian and german coasts. | between february 1990 and july 1991, 18 harbour porpoises (phocoena phocoena) and 248 common guillemots (uria aalge), found dead along the belgian and german coasts, were examined for their burden of helminths. a total of three species were found in the guillemots (one cestode, one nematode and one pentastomid), and six species in the porpoises (one trematode, one cestode and four nematodes). among the guillemots the burden of helminths was not statistically different between juvenile and adult ... | 1996 | 8888560 |
| the swedish environmental specimen bank--application in trend monitoring of mercury and some organohalogenated compounds. | the environmental specimen bank (esb) at the swedish museum of natural history, stockholm, constitutes a base for ecotoxicological research as well as for spatial and trend monitoring of contaminants in swedish fauna. since the 1960s, tissue samples from more than 150000 organisms have been collected from different groups of animals, habitats and types of landscape. samples from the esb have been utilized for retrospective studies of trace elements, organohalogenated compounds and radionuclides. ... | 1997 | 9159905 |
| heat increment of feeding in brunnich's guillemot | the rate of oxygen consumption (o2), respiratory quotient (rq) and deep body temperature (tb) were recorded during a single, voluntary ingestion of arctic cod boreogadus saida (mean mass 18.9+/-1.1 g, s.e.m., n=13) by five postabsorptive brunnich's guillemots (thick-billed murre, uria lomvia). the birds were resting in air within their thermoneutral zone, and the fish were refrigerated to 0-2 degreesc. the rate of oxygen consumption increased by a factor of 1.4 during the first few minutes after ... | 1997 | 9319663 |
| parent-offspring recognition in thick-billed murres (aves: alcidae). | using field experiments, we investigated the development of parent-offspring recognition in the thick-billed murre, uria lomvia. cross-fostering experiments (n=73) showed that the likelihood of parents accepting a foreign chick decreased with chick age. simultaneous-choice playback experiments demonstrated that chicks discriminate between the calls of their parents and both strange and familiar adult conspecifics from as early as 3 days old. in presentation experiments with chicks of fledging ag ... | 1998 | 9632479 |
| pathological investigations on guillemots (uria aalge) stranded on the belgian coast during the winter of 1993-94. | pathological investigations were carried out on 67 guillemots (uria aalge) washed up on the belgian coast between november 1993 and march 1994. emaciation and acute haemorrhagic gastroenteropathy were observed in more than 70 per cent of the birds. there was no statistical relationship between the level of oil contamination and the severity of the lesions. differences in bodyweight were accounted for by age, sex, emaciation, and acute haemorrhagic gastroenteropathy. the birds had a severe weight ... | 1998 | 9802196 |
| involvement of igf2 and h19 imprinting in choriocarcinoma development. | complete hydatidiform mole is an abnormal pregnancy characterized by grossly swollen villi in the absence of a fetus (kajii and ohama 1997, wake et al., 1978, jacobs et al., 1980). it is well known that this abnormal pregnancy product is androgenetic in origin. the entire genome of the molar conceptus is paternally derived. the majority of moles result from fertilization of an empty egg by haploid sperm. the paternally derived haploid set then duplicated without cytokinesis and restores diploidy ... | 1998 | 9833609 |
| dispersal and distribution of the tick ixodes uriae within and among seabird host populations: the need for a population genetic approach. | the aim of this study was to characterize the spatial distribution of the tick ixodes uriae within and among populations of its seabird hosts and to consider the potential insight that could be gained by a population genetic approach to the issue of dispersal of this tick. analyses of data collected around the avalon peninsula, newfoundland, indicated that both the prevalence and mean abundance of ticks varied significantly among sample locations. whereas ticks were found on all 4 host species e ... | 1999 | 10219295 |
| innervation of the esophagus in mice that lack mash1. | the striated muscle of the esophagus differs from other striated muscle, because it develops by the transdifferentiation of smooth muscle, and the motor end plates receive a dual innervation from vagal (cholinergic) motor neurons and nitric oxide synthase (nos)-containing enteric neurons. mash1-/- mice have no enteric neurons in their esophagus and die within 48 hours of birth without milk in their stomachs (guillemot et al. [1993] cell 75:463-476). in this study, the innervation of the esophagu ... | 1999 | 10331576 |
| identification of dividing, determined sensory neuron precursors in the mammalian neural crest. | sensory and autonomic neurons of the vertebrate peripheral nervous system are derived from the neural crest. here we use the expression of lineage-specific transcription factors as a means to identify neuronal subtypes that develop in rat neural crest cultures grown in a defined medium. sensory neurons, identified by expression of the pou-domain transcription factor brn-3.0, develop from dividing precursors that differentiate within 2 days following emigration from the neural tube. most of these ... | 1999 | 10409501 |
| heavy metals contamination and body condition of wintering guillemots (uria aalge) at the belgian coast from 1993 to 1998. | a sample of 166 common guillemots (uria aalge) recovered from belgian beaches during five wintering seasons, from 1993-1994 to 1997-1998, were examined. at necropsy, postmortem examination including body mass, fat reserves, presence or not of intestinal contents, eventual status of oiling, and pathological changes (cachexia, acute hemorrhagic gastroenteropathy (geah)) was attributed to each individual. mild to severe cachexia, a pathology characterized by moderate to severe atrophy of the pector ... | 2000 | 11097805 |
| persistent organochlorine levels in six prey species of the gyrfalcon falco rusticolus in iceland. | our previous investigations have revealed very high levels of organochlorines (ocs) in the icelandic gyrfalcon falco rusticolus, a resident top predator. we now examine six potential prey species of birds, both resident and migratory, in order to elucidate the most likely route of the ocs to the gyrfalcon. the ptarmigan lagopus mutus, the most important prey of the gyrfalcon, contained very low levels of ocs. bioaccumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) and ddts in mallards anas platyrhyn ... | 2001 | 11234542 |
| polybrominated diphenyl ethers: occurrence, dietary exposure, and toxicology. | polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) are used as flame retardants in plastics (concentration, 5--30%) and in textile coatings. commercial products consist predominantly of penta-, octa-, and decabromodiphenyl ether mixtures, and global pbde production is about 40,000 tons per year. pbdes are bioaccumulated and biomagnified in the environment, and comparatively high levels are often found in aquatic biotopes from different parts of the world. during the mid-1970--1980s there was a substantial i ... | 2001 | 11250805 |
| an evaluation of marine bird population trends following the exxon valdez oil spill, prince william sound, alaska. | we examined post-spill trends (1989-1998) of marine bird populations in prince william sound (pws) following the exxon valdez oil spill (evos) to evaluate recovery of injured taxa. two criteria were employed. first, we examined population trends of injured taxa only in the oiled area of pws using regression models. second, we examined population trends of injured taxa in the oiled area relative to the unoiled area using homogeneity of the slopes tests. we considered a population recovering if th ... | 2001 | 11381751 |
| biomagnification of organochlorines along a barents sea food chain. | to trace the biomagnification of organochlorines in marine food chains near svalbard, which may lead to the high organochlorine concentrations in top predators from the area, we compared concentrations and patterns of organochlorines in selected taxa. the pelagic crustaceans, calanus spp. (copepods), thysanoessa spp. (euphausiids), parathemisto libellula (amphipod), and the fish species, boreogadus saida (polar cod) and gadus morhua (cod) were selected to represent the lower trophic levels in th ... | 2001 | 11383336 |
| chlordane components and metabolites in seven species of arctic seabirds from the northwater polynya: relationships with stable isotopes of nitrogen and enantiomeric fractions of chiral components. | the northwater polynya (now) is a large area of year-round open water found in the high arctic between ellesmere island and greenland. now has high biological productivity compared with other arctic marine areas, and supports large populations of several seabird species. seven species of seabirds, dovekie (alle alle, dove), thick-billed murre (uria lomvia, tbmu), black guillemot (cepphus grylle, blgu), black-legged kittiwake (rissa tridactyla, blki), ivory gull (pagophila eburnea, ivgu), glaucou ... | 2001 | 11383340 |
| angiotensin ii-induced transcriptional activation of the cyclin d1 gene is mediated by egr-1 in cho-at(1a) cells. | cyclin d1 protein expression is regulated by mitogenic stimuli and is a critical component in the regulation of g(1) to s phase progression of the cell cycle. angiotensin ii (ang ii) binds to specific g protein-coupled receptors and is mitogenic in chinese hamster ovary cells stably expressing the rat vascular ang ii type 1a receptor (cho-at(1a)). we recently reported that in these cells, ang ii induced cyclin d1 promoter activation and protein expression in a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi3k ... | 2001 | 11502738 |
| combined effects of experimental heavy-metal contamination (cu, zn, and ch3hg) and starvation on quail's body condition: parallelism with a wild common guillemot (uria aalge) population found stranded at the belgian coast. | combined effects of heavy-metal contamination (cu, zn, and ch3hg) and starvation were tested on common quails (coturnix coturnix japonica) and used as a model for comparison with a wild common guillemot (uria aalge) population found stranded at the belgian coast. appropriate heavy-metal levels were given to the quails to obtain concentrations similar to those found in the seabirds's tissues. the contaminated animals were then starved for 4 d to simulate the evident malnutrition symptoms observed ... | 2001 | 11697781 |
| influence of age, sex and body condition on zinc, copper, cadmium and metallothioneins in common guillemots (uria aalge) stranded at the belgian coast. | the common guillemots, uria aalge, found stranded at the belgian coast, display high levels of cu in both liver and kidneys. the condition index of the animals, defined as the ratio of liver to kidneys mass (wenzel & adelung, 1996, the suitability of oiled guillemots (uria aalge) as monitoring organisms for geographical comparisons of trace element contaminants. archives of environmental contamination and toxicology, 31, 368-377), influences both the metal concentration and its binding to metall ... | 2001 | 11763147 |
| examination of the bioaccumulation of halogenated dimethyl bipyrroles in an arctic marine food web using stable nitrogen isotope analysis. | concentrations of four possibly naturally produced organohalogens--1,1'-dimethyl-3,3',4-tribromo-4,5,5'-trichloro-2,2'-bipyrrole (dbp-br3cl3), 1,1'-dimethyl-3,3',4,4'-tetrabromo-5,5'-dichloro-2,2'-bipyrrole (dbp-br4cl2), 1,1'-dimethyl-3,3',4,4',5-pentabromo-5'-chloro-2,2'-bipyrrole (dbp-br5cl) and 1,1'-dimethyl-3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexabromo-2,2'-bipyrrole (dbp-br6)--were quantitated and the extent of their magnification through an entire arctic marine food web [measured as integrated trophic magnific ... | 2002 | 11808557 |
| contaminant residues in seabird eggs from the canadian arctic. ii. spatial trends and evidence from stable isotopes for intercolony differences. | eggs of glaucous gulls (larus hyperboreus), black-legged kittiwakes (rissa tridactyla), thick-billed murres (uria lomvia) and black guillemots (cepphus grylle) were collected from several sites throughout the canadian arctic. samples were analyzed for organochlorines as well as mercury and selenium. glaucous gulls breeding at sites in the high arctic showed higher levels of organochlorine contamination than those in the western low arctic. this was likely due to dietary differences among colonie ... | 2002 | 11843528 |
| embryotoxic potential of persistent organic pollutants extracted from tissues of guillemots (uria aalge) from the baltic sea and the atlantic ocean. | the baltic sea is a heavily polluted area. to assess the current contaminant pressure on the common guillemot (uria aalge) living there, whole-body extracts of guillemots from the baltic sea were prepared and subdivided over six fractions, which differed in composition due to lipophilicity and polarity of the contaminants. the fractions were tested in the chicken embryo assay and compared to fractions of atlantic guillemot extracts. fertilized chicken eggs were injected with 0.03, 0.3, or 3 bird ... | 2002 | 12389920 |
| stroke and glide of wing-propelled divers: deep diving seabirds adjust surge frequency to buoyancy change with depth. | in order to increase locomotor efficiency, breath-holding divers are expected to adjust their forward thrusts in relation to changes of buoyancy with depth. wing propulsion during deep diving by brünnich's guillemots (uria lomvia) was measured in the wild by high-speed (32 hz) sampling of surge (tail-to-head) and heave (ventral-to-dorsal) accelerations with bird-borne data loggers. at the start of descent, the birds produced frequent surges (3.2 hz) during both the upstroke and the downstroke ag ... | 2003 | 12641902 |
| polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) congener concentrations in seabirds found dead in mortality incidents around the british coast. | livers from 121 birds killed in mortality incidents in u.k. coastal waters between 1991 and 1996 were analyzed for 16 pcb congeners (iupac numbers 8, 18, 28, 31, 52, 77, 101, 118, 126, 128, 138, 149, 153, 169, 170, and 180). species analyzed were guillemot (uria aalge), shag (phalacrocorax arisotelis), kittiwake (rissa tridactyla), puffin (fratercula arctica), razorbill (alca torda), fulmar (fulmarus glacialis), gannet (sula bassana), and herring gull (larus argentatus). this is the first report ... | 2003 | 12948183 |
| comparison of organochlorine concentrations and patterns between free-ranging zooplankton and zooplankton sampled from seabirds' stomachs. | to investigate the use of predators' stomach contents to measure the organochlorine load in free-ranging prey, the two zooplankton species thysanoessa inermis (euphausiids) and themisto libellula (amphipods) were collected simultaneously from the water column and from the seabird brünnich's guillemot (uria lomvia)'s stomach (from crop to proventriculus). the organochlorine compounds' concentrations and relative proportion of pcb-153 generally did not differ between the two sampling methods (leas ... | 2003 | 12962718 |
| bis(4-chlorophenyl) sulfone (bcps) in swedish marine and fresh water wildlife-a screening study. | bis(4-chlorophenyl) sulfone (bcps) is a high production volume chemical (hpvc) applied in thermostable polymers. bcps has been detected as an environmental contaminant both in europe and in north america but it is still not a commonly studied pollutant. in this study, three baltic sea fish species; herring (clupea harengus), salmon (salmo salar) and perch (perca fluviatilis) from the swedish coast, and one inland fish species, arctic char (salvelinus alpinus), were analysed to screen for the occ ... | 2004 | 15051243 |
| polybrominated methoxy diphenyl ethers (meo-pbdes) in fish and guillemot of baltic, atlantic and arctic environments. | arctic cod liver samples from vestertana fjord at the arctic coast of norway, salmon and guillemot samples from the baltic sea and the atlantic ocean, and salmon and lamprey larva samples from kymijoki river in southern finland were analysed for the occurrence of tri-, tetra- and pentabromomethoxy diphenyl ethers and their concentration levels were estimated. these compounds have previously been identified by other research groups in salmon, seal and dolphin samples. the aim of this study was to ... | 2004 | 15251291 |
| nuclear export of olig2 in neural stem cells is essential for ciliary neurotrophic factor-induced astrocyte differentiation. | neural stem cell (nsc) differentiation is precisely controlled by a network of transcription factors, which themselves are regulated by extracellular signals (bertrand, n., d.s. castro, and f. guillemot, 2002. nat. rev. neurosci 3:517-530; shirasaki, r. and s.l. pfaff, 2002. annu. rev. neurosci 25:251-281). one way that the activity of such transcription factors is controlled is by the regulation of their movement between the cytosol and nucleus (vandromme, m., c. gauthier-rouviere, n. lamb, and ... | 2004 | 15452140 |
| temporal trends of organochlorine contamination in black guillemots in iceland from 1976 to 1996. | the levels of several different persistent organochlorines (ocs) in black guillemots cepphus grylle, collected during the summers of 1976-1996 at breioafjörour in w-iceland, were investigated. the levels of about 40 different organochlorines (pcbs, ddts, chlordanes, toxaphenes, hch, hcb) were compared with respect to age, sex, fat content, and year of collection. the levels of pcbs correlated very closely with those of dde, indicating long-range transport as the major source of these contaminant ... | 2005 | 15519726 |
| stroke patterns and regulation of swim speed and energy cost in free-ranging brünnich's guillemots. | loggers were attached to free-ranging brünnich's guillemots uria lomvia during dives, to measure swim speeds, body angles, stroke rates, stroke and glide durations, and acceleration patterns within strokes, and the data were used to model the mechanical costs of propelling the body fuselage (head and trunk excluding wings). during vertical dives to 102-135 m, guillemots regulated their speed during descent and much of ascent to about 1.6+/-0.2 m s(-1). stroke rate declined very gradually with de ... | 2004 | 15579562 |
| bioaccumulation of pcbs in arctic seabirds: influence of dietary exposure and congener biotransformation. | four seabird species and their prey (zooplankton or fish) were collected in the barents sea to determine how dietary exposure, cytochrome p450 (cyp) enzyme activities and sex influenced their hepatic pcb concentrations and accumulation patterns. five males and five females from each seabird species (little auk (alle alle), brunnich's guillemot (uria lomvia), black guillemot (cepphus grylle) and black-legged kittiwake (rissa tridactyla)) were analysed. pcb concentrations could not be explained di ... | 2005 | 15620585 |
| multiple gene segment reassortment between eurasian and american lineages of influenza a virus (h6n2) in guillemot (uria aalge). | guillemots banded in the northern baltic sea were screened for influenza a virus (iav). three out of 26 sampled birds tested positive by rt-pcr. two of these were characterized as subtype h6n2. phylogenetic analyses showed that five gene segments belonged to the american avian lineage of iavs, whereas three gene segments belonged to the eurasian lineage. our findings indicate that avian iavs may have a taxonomically wider reservoir spectrum than previously known and we present the first report o ... | 2005 | 15883657 |
| an assessment of the toxicological significance of anthropogenic contaminants in canadian arctic wildlife. | anthropogenic contaminants have been a concern in the canadian arctic for over 30 years due to relatively high concentrations of bioaccumulating and biomagnifying organochlorine contaminants (ocs) and toxic metals found in some arctic biota and humans. however, few studies have addressed the potential effects of these contaminants in canadian arctic wildlife. prior to 1997, biological effects data were minimal and insufficient at any level of biological organization. the present review summarize ... | 2005 | 16154621 |
| tick-borne great island virus: (ii) impact of age-related acquired immunity on transmission in a natural seabird host. | tick-borne pathogen transmission is dependent upon tick number per host and the physical and temporal distribution of each feeding stage. age-related acquired immunity to tick and pathogen may also be important but has received less attention. in this study we evaluate which of these parameters has the greatest impact on great island virus (giv) transmission between ixodes uriae ticks and common guillemots (uria aalge). the study system is well suited to investigate age-related effects because t ... | 2006 | 16197591 |
| tick-borne great island virus: (i) identification of seabird host and evidence for co-feeding and viraemic transmission. | great island virus (giv) is an arbovirus present in the tick ixodes uriae, a common ectoparasite of nesting seabirds. common guillemot (uria aalge) and black-legged kittiwake (rissa tridactyla) are the preferred and most abundant hosts of i. uriae on the isle of may, scotland. as part of a study to understand the epidemiology of giv, the ability of guillemot and kittiwake to support tick-borne transmission of giv was examined. giv was present in ticks feeding in isolated guillemot colonies and g ... | 2006 | 16216136 |
| temporal trend of bis(4-chlorophenyl) sulfone, methylsulfonyl-dde and -pcbs in baltic guillemot (uria aalge) egg 1971-2001--a comparison to 4,4'-dde and pcb trends. | the dynamics of organohalogen contaminants and their metabolites are best studied over time by analysis of biota at high trophic levels. in this study, time trends, 1971-2001, of bis(4-chlorophenyl) sulfone (bcps) and of methylsulfonyl-substituted metabolites of pcbs and 4,4'-dde, were investigated in eggs of guillemot (uria aalge) hatching in the baltic proper. temporal trends of pcbs, trans-nonachlor, beta-hch, 4,4'-ddt, and 4,4'-dde were also assessed. tris(4-chlorophenyl) methane (tcpme), a ... | 2006 | 16225974 |
| a statistical resampling method to calculate biomagnification factors exemplified with organochlorine data from herring (clupea harengus) muscle and guillemot (uria aalge) egg from the baltic sea. | a novel method for calculating biomagnification factors is presented and demonstrated using contaminant concentration data from the swedish national monitoring program regarding organochlorine contaminants (ocs) in herring (clupea harengus) muscle and guillemot (uria aalge) egg, sampled from 1996 to 1999 from the baltic sea. with this randomly sampled ratios (rsr) method, biomagnification factors (bmf(rsr)) were generated and denoted with standard deviation (sd) as a measure of the variation. th ... | 2005 | 16294879 |
| prevalences of zoonotic bacteria among seabirds in rehabilitation centers along the pacific coast of california and washington, usa. | many seabirds are rehabilitated annually by wildlife rehabilitation centers along the pacific coast, usa. although various strains of zoonotic bacteria have been isolated from seabirds, risks to rehabilitators at these centers have not been well documented. from november 2001 through january 2003, we determined the prevalence of detectable enteric fauna by isolation and characterization of gram-negative bacteria from cloacal swabs taken from 26 common murres (uria aalge), 49 gulls (larus spp.), ... | 2005 | 16456162 |
| murre eggs (uria aalge and uria lomvia) as indicators of mercury contamination in the alaskan marine environment. | sixty common murre (uria aalge) and 27 thick-billed murre (uria lomvia) eggs collected by the seabird tissue archival and monitoring project (stamp) in 1999-2001 from two gulf of alaska and three bering sea nesting colonies were analyzed for total mercury (hg) using isotope dilution cold vapor inductively coupled mass spectrometry. hg concentrations (wet mass) ranged from 0.011 microg/g to 0.357 microg/g (relative standard deviation = 76%), while conspecifics from the same colonies and years had ... | 2006 | 16509300 |
| swim speeds and stroke patterns in wing-propelled divers: a comparison among alcids and a penguin. | in diving birds, the volume and resulting buoyancy of air spaces changes with dive depth, and hydrodynamic drag varies with swim speed. these factors are important in the dive patterns and locomotion of alcids that use their wings both for aerial flight and underwater swimming and of penguins that use their wings only for swimming. using small data-loggers on free-ranging birds diving to 20-30 m depth, we measured depth at 1 hz and surge and heave accelerations at 32-64 hz of four species of alc ... | 2006 | 16547294 |
| selective bioaccumulation of chlorinated pesticides and metabolites in arctic seabirds. | chlorinated pesticides and metabolites (cps) were quantified in the seabird species: little auk (alle alle), brünnich's guillemot (uria lomvia), black guillemot (cepphus grylle) and black-legged kittiwake (rissa tridactyla). the purpose was to evaluate avian accumulation of selected cps based on their concentrations and relative patterns, their relation to dietary descriptors (stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen), to enzymes involved in biotransformation, as well as cps' accumulation potentia ... | 2007 | 16890332 |
| decreasing lead levels in swedish biota revealed by 36 years (1969-2004) of environmental monitoring. | since the 1980s, lead levels decreased significantly in most marine biota from the baltic sea, the kattegatt and the skagerrack and in terrestrial biota from south and central sweden, analysed in the national swedish environmental monitoring programme. in herring and cod liver, the decrease was 4.2-7.1% annually 1981-2003 and in perch liver and guillemot eggs analysed since the middle of the 1990s the decrease was 10-13%. in kidneys of young starlings from south and central sweden, lead levels d ... | 2006 | 16896466 |
| regional and species specific bioaccumulation of major and trace elements in arctic seabirds. | twenty-five essential and nonessential elements were analyzed in arctic seabirds to study the influence of phylogeny, tissue, arctic region, and diet on avian element accumulation and to identify co-occurrence among metals. muscle and liver concentrations were positively correlated, generally being higher in liver than in muscle, and generally did not differ by sex. zinc showed the highest absolute concentrations in all samples (mean, 11.2-26.7 microg/g in muscle, depending on species and area), ... | 2006 | 17089716 |
| bioaccumulation of polonium 210po in marine birds. | the aim of this work was to determine the 210po content in marine birds which permanently or temporally live in the polish part of the baltic sea. we chose 11 species of sea birds: three species permanently residing at southern baltic sea, four species of wintering birds and three species of migrating birds. the results show that the polonium is non-uniformly distributed in the marine birds. the highest activities of 210po were observed in feathers, muscles and liver and the lowest in skin and s ... | 2007 | 17267081 |
| brünnich's guillemots (uria lomvia) maintain high temperature in the body core during dives. | a major challenge for diving birds, reptiles, and mammals is regulating body temperature while conserving oxygen through a reduction in metabolic processes. to gain insight into how these needs are met, we measured dive depth and body temperatures at the core or periphery between the skin and abdominal muscles simultaneously in freely diving brünnich's guillemots (uria lomvia), an arctic seabird, using an implantable data logger (16-mm diameter, 50-mm length, 14-g mass, little leonardo ltd., tok ... | 2007 | 17321772 |
| associations between persistent organic pollutants and vitamin status in brünnich's guillemot and common eider hatchlings. | the aim of the study was to examine associations between persistent organic pollutants and vitamin a (retinol), retinyl palmitate and vitamin e status (alpha-tocopherol) in two species occupying different trophic positions in the arctic food web. levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), some selected organochlorine pesticides (ocps), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) and hexabromocyclododecane (hbcd) were analyzed in yolk sac of newly hatched chicks of brünnich's guillemot (uria lomvia) ... | 2007 | 17467774 |
| spatial, temporal, and species variation in prevalence of influenza a viruses in wild migratory birds. | although extensive data exist on avian influenza in wild birds in north america, limited information is available from elsewhere, including europe. here, molecular diagnostic tools were employed for high-throughput surveillance of migratory birds, as an alternative to classical labor-intensive methods of virus isolation in eggs. this study included 36,809 samples from 323 bird species belonging to 18 orders, of which only 25 species of three orders were positive for influenza a virus. informatio ... | 2007 | 17500589 |
| fitness increases with partner and neighbour allopreening. | altruism and selfishness are fundamental characteristics of human and animal societies. among colonial biparental species, breeding outcome depends on interactions between mates and neighbours. however, the relationships between cooperation within and among partnerships and fitness have not been fully investigated. we show that in the highly colonial common guillemot (uria aalge), altruistic behaviour (allopreening) towards a mate was positively related to long-term fitness, whereas allopreening ... | 2007 | 17550875 |
| trace element and metallothionein concentrations in seabirds from the canadian arctic. | livers and kidneys were collected for five seabird species from the canadian arctic during the 1983 and 1991 to 1993 breeding seasons. livers were analyzed for cd, hg, pb, and se, and kidneys were analyzed for cd, cu, zn, and metallothionein (mt). concentrations of the essential elements, cu and zn, were in agreement with those previously published in the literature. thick-billed murres (uria lomvia) from ivujivik on the hudson strait/hudson bay coast in northwestern quebec (canada) had the high ... | 2008 | 17944549 |
| levels and temporal trends (1983-2003) of persistent organic pollutants (pops) and mercury (hg) in seabird eggs from northern norway. | the main objective of this study was to investigate possible temporal trends of persistent organic pollutants (pops) and mercury in eggs of herring gulls (larus argentatus), black-legged kittiwakes (rissa tridactyla), common guillemots (uria aalge) and atlantic puffins (fratercula arctica) in northern norway. eggs were collected in 1983, 1993 and 2003. egg concentrations of pops (pcb congeners iupac numbers: cb-28, 74, 66, 101, 99, 110, 149, 118, 153, 105, 141, 138, 187, 128, 156, 157, 180, 170, ... | 2008 | 18262696 |
| enantiomer-specific accumulation of hexabromocyclododecanes in eggs of predatory birds. | the diastereomeric composition of hexabromocyclododecane (hbcd) in eggs of peregrine falcon (falco peregrinus), white-tailed sea eagle (haliaeetus albicilla), guillemot (uria aalge) and common tern (sterna hirundo) as well as the guillemots' main prey, herring (clupea harengus) was determined by reversed-phase chromatography with triple-stage quadrupole mass spectrometric detection (lc-ms-ms). alpha-hbcd was the predominant diastereomer in all bird species, while in herring, gamma-hbcd made a su ... | 2008 | 18440589 |
| phenotypic characteristics of riemerella anatipestifer and similar micro-organisms from various hosts. | a total of 199 riemerella anatipestifer (ra) and ra-like field strains isolated culturally from birds of 12 different species and from pigs were characterized using classical phenotypic and chemotaxonomic tests. the ra reference strain atcc 11845 was included in the study. on the basis of the classical phenotypic characteristics studied and the numerical analysis of the whole-cell fatty acid patterns, the ra reference strain and 123 field isolates were assigned to the indole negative (in) varian ... | 1998 | 18483963 |
| spatial trends of polyfluorinated compounds in guillemot (uria aalge) eggs from north-western europe. | polyfluorinated alkyl compounds (pfcs) are a group of chemicals of growing concern that have been detected in biological and abiotic samples worldwide. this study reports the concentrations of a suite of pfcs: perfluorooctyl sulfonate (pfos), perfluorooctyl sulfonamide (pfosa) and perfluorinated carboxylic acids (pfcas) in guillemot (uria aalge) eggs, collected in north-western europe, from iceland, the faroe islands, sweden and two locations in norway. the highest concentrations of pfos were fo ... | 2008 | 18573516 |
| variable exposure and immunological response to lyme disease borrelia among north atlantic seabird species. | colonial seabirds often breed in large aggregations. these individuals can be exposed to parasitism by the tick ixodes uriae, but little is known about the circulation of pathogens carried by this ectoparasite, including lyme disease borrelia. here we investigated the prevalence of antibodies (ab) against borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in seabird species sampled at eight locations across the north atlantic. using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests, we found that the prevalence of anti-borr ... | 2008 | 18577503 |
| individual specialization in diet by a generalist marine predator reflects specialization in foraging behaviour. | 1. we studied chick diet in a known-age, sexed population of a long-lived seabird, the brünnich's guillemot (uria lomvia), over 15 years (n = 136; 1993-2007) and attached time-depth-temperature recorders to examine foraging behaviour in multiple years (n = 36; 2004-07). 2. adults showed specialization in prey fed to offspring, described by multiple indices calculated over 15 years: 27% of diet diversity was attributable to among-individual variation (within-individual component of total niche wi ... | 2008 | 18624834 |
| murres, capelin and ocean climate: inter-annual associations across a decadal shift. | to ensure energy demands for reproduction are met, it is essential that marine birds breed during periods of peak food availability. we examined associations of the breeding chronology of common murres (uria aalge) with the timing of the inshore arrival of their primary prey, capelin (mallotus villosus) from 1980 to 2006 across a period of pervasive change in the northwest atlantic ecosystem. we also assessed the influence of ocean temperature and the north atlantic oscillation (nao; an index of ... | 2009 | 18781391 |
| description of novel babesia species and associated lesions from common murres (uria aalge) from california. | a novel babesia species is described from blood collected from 3 common murres (also known as common guillemots) (uria aalge) from california. this is the first report of a babesia species from the alcidae and the second from the charadriiformes. babesia uriae n. sp. is morphologically similar to several other avian babesia species but can be differentiated from babesia bennetti, the only other species from a host in the charadriiformes, by size of round and amoeboid forms. phylogenetic analysis ... | 2009 | 19348514 |
| thermodynamic modelling predicts energetic bottleneck for seabirds wintering in the northwest atlantic. | studying the energetics of marine top predators such as seabirds is essential to understand processes underlying adult winter survival and its impact on population dynamics. winter survival is believed to be the single most important life-history trait in long-lived species but its determinants are largely unknown. seabirds are inaccessible during this season, so conventional metabolic studies are extremely challenging and new approaches are needed. this paper describes and uses a state-of-the-a ... | 2009 | 19617442 |
| helminths of murres (alcidae: uria spp.): markers of ecological change in the marine environment. | seabirds are prominent components of the north atlantic marine environment, and their parasites offer an insight into seabird ecologic interactions. parasites also provide vital information on historic biogeography of host associations and thus may reveal broad changes in the marine ecosystem. helminths of common murres (uria aalge) and thick-billed murres (uria lomvia) in the northwest atlantic marine environment were assessed to determine parasite community composition and changes in their par ... | 2009 | 19617477 |
| current state of the populations of black-legged kittiwakes rissa tridactyla l., 1758 and guillemots uria aalge pontoppidan, 1763 and uria lomvia l., 1758 in colonies on the murman coast. | | 2009 | 19650325 |
| bioaccumulation and biomagnification of organochlorines in a marine food web at a pristine site in iceland. | organochlorine (oc) bioaccumulation and biomagnification were studied in a marine food web at a pristine site in iceland. the species studied were the gastropod and grazer chink shell (lacuna vincta), the filter feeding bivalve blue mussel (mytilus edulis), the predators butterfish (pholis gunnellus), and the seabird black guillemot (cepphus grylle), all sampled and analysed in 1996-1997. individual oc levels were generally low in chink shell and blue mussels, somewhat elevated in the fish, and ... | 2010 | 19711125 |
| organochlorine compounds and their metabolites in seven icelandic seabird species - a comparative study. | the present study is designed to assess the occurrence of a few organochlorine contaminants and their metabolites in eggs of different marine bird species in iceland, a country located in the sub-arctic of the north-western atlantic. previous investigations from e.g. sweden and the netherlands have shown some obvious differences in contaminant concentrations, including e.g. hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyl metabolites (oh-pcbs) in guillemot (uria aalge) and other bird species. eggs from sev ... | 2010 | 20356092 |
| within and between species competition in a seabird community: statistical exploration and modeling of time-series data. | in a changing environment, the maintenance of communities is subject to many constraints (phenology, resources, climate, etc.). one such constraint is the relationship between conspecifics and competitors. in mixed colonies, seabirds may have to cope with interspecific and intraspecific competition for both space and food resources. we applied competitive interaction models to data on three seabird breeding populations: black-legged kittiwake (rissa tridactyla), common guillemot (uria aalge) and ... | 2011 | 22179331 |
| isotopic segregation between sympatric seabird species increases with nutritional stress. | dietary segregation is essential for the coexistence of closely related species of animals. however, little is known about how changes in availability of food resources might affect trophic interactions of wild animals breeding in sympatry. here, we examined how interannual variations in relative food availability (as reflected in blood levels of stress hormone corticosterone, cort) affect food partitioning (assessed via a comparison of stable isotope δ(15)n and δ(13)c ratios of blood) between t ... | 2011 | 22171022 |
| the significance of the north water polynya to arctic top predators. | the north water polynya (~76°n to 79°n and 70°w to 80°w) is known to be an important habitat for several species of marine mammals and sea birds. for millennia, it has provided the basis for subsistence hunting and human presence in the northernmost part of baffin bay. the abundance of air-breathing top predators also represents a potential source of nutrient cycling that maintains primary production. in this study, aerial surveys conducted in 2009 and 2010 were used for the first time to map th ... | 2012 | 23271401 |
| climate, copepods and seabirds in the boreal northeast atlantic - current state and future outlook. | the boreal northeast atlantic is strongly affected by current climate change, and large shifts in abundance and distribution of many organisms have been observed, including the dominant copepod calanus finmarchicus, which supports the grazing food web and thus many fish populations. at the same time, large-scale declines have been observed in many piscivorous seabirds, which depend on abundant small pelagic fish. here, we combine predictions from a niche model of c. finmarchicus with long-term d ... | 2012 | 23504776 |
| avian pox in a group of common (california) murres (uria aalge). | | 1988 | 211694 |
| winter temperature affects the prevalence of ticks in an arctic seabird. | the arctic is rapidly warming and host-parasite relationships may be modified by such environmental changes. here, i showed that the average winter temperature in svalbard, arctic norway, explained almost 90% of the average prevalence of ticks in an arctic seabird, the brünnich's guillemot uria lomvia. an increase of 1°c in the average winter temperature at the nesting colony site was associated with a 5% increase in the number of birds infected by these ectoparasites in the subsequent breeding ... | 2013 | 23750259 |
| chlamydiaceae in north atlantic seabirds admitted to a wildlife rescue center in western france. | birds are the primary hosts of chlamydia psittaci, a bacterium that can cause avian chlamydiosis in birds and psittacosis in humans. wild seabirds are frequently admitted to wildlife rescue centers (wrc) at european atlantic coasts, for example, in connection with oil spills. to investigate the extent of chlamydial shedding by these birds and the resulting risk for animals in care and the medical staff, seabirds from a french wrc were sampled from may 2011 to january 2014. by use of a quantitati ... | 2015 | 25934619 |
| first characterization of avian influenza viruses from greenland 2014. | in late february 2014, unusually high numbers of wild thick-billed murres (uria lomvia) were found dead on the coast of south greenland. to investigate the cause of death, 45 birds were submitted for laboratory examination in denmark. avian influenza viruses (aivs) with subtypes h11n2 and low pathogenic h5n1 were detected in some of the birds. characterization of the viruses by full genome sequencing revealed that all the gene segments belonged to the north american lineage of aivs. the seemingl ... | 2016 | 27309071 |
| diverse inter-continental and host lineage reassortant avian influenza a viruses in pelagic seabirds. | avian influenza a viruses (aivs) often infect waterfowl, gulls and shorebirds, but other bird groups including pelagic seabirds also serve as hosts. in this study, we analyzed 21 aivs found in two distant breeding colonies of common murre (uria aalge) in newfoundland and labrador, canada, during 2011. phylogenetic analyses and genotype assignments were performed for the 21 common murre viruses together with all common and thick-billed murre (uria lomvia) aiv sequences available in public sequenc ... | 2014 | 24462905 |
| evaluation of seabirds in newfoundland and labrador, canada, as hosts of influenza a viruses. | influenza a viruses infect a wide range of hosts, including many species of birds. avian influenza a virus (aiv) infection appears to be most common in anseriformes (ducks, geese, and swans) and some charadriiformes (shorebirds and gulls), but many other birds also serve as hosts of aiv. here, we evaluated the role of seabirds as hosts for aiv. we tested 3,160 swab samples from 13 seabird species between may 2008 and december 2011 in newfoundland and labrador, canada. we also tested 156 serum sa ... | 2014 | 24171570 |
| [genetic characterization of new komandory virus (komv; bunyaviridae, phlebovirus) isolated from the ticks ixodes uriae, collected in guillemot (uria aalge) nesting sites on komandorski islands, the bering sea]. | unclassified virus named komandory virus (komv) isolated in komandorski islands from the ticks ixodes uriae in 1986 was partially sequenced. the komv nucleocapsid (n) protein sequence shows 30-40% identity level with the mosquito-borne phleboviruses and 43% with the uukuniemi virus (uukv) group (phlebovirus, bunyaviridae). the maximum identity (65%) for the komv n protein is observed for the manawa virus. the komv glycoprotein identity with the uukv group viruses ranges from 45% to 59%. the komv ... | 2016 | 24772641 |
| effects of freshwater housing and fluid types on aquatic bird serum electrolyte concentrations. | recent seabird mass morbidity events have highlighted the need to elucidate the effects of freshwater and hypertonic saline use for fluid therapy and housing in captive aquatic birds. serum electrolyte concentrations of northern fulmars (fulmarus glacialis; n = 9), western grebes (aechmophorus occidentalis; n = 6), and common murres (uria aalge; n = 25) housed on freshwater while undergoing rehabilitation at the san francisco bay oiled wildlife care and education center in fairfield, california, ... | 2012 | 23272353 |
| the use of an unsupervised learning approach for characterizing latent behaviors in accelerometer data. | the recent increase in data accuracy from high resolution accelerometers offers substantial potential for improved understanding and prediction of animal movements. however, current approaches used for analysing these multivariable datasets typically require existing knowledge of the behaviors of the animals to inform the behavioral classification process. these methods are thus not well-suited for the many cases where limited knowledge of the different behaviors performed exist. here, we introd ... | 2016 | 26865961 |
| trace element concentrations in harvested auks from newfoundland: toxicological risk of a traditional hunt. | common (uria aalge) and thick-billed murres (uria lomvia) are apex predators in the north atlantic ocean, and are also subject to a traditional hunt in newfoundland and labrador during the winter months, along with small numbers of illegally harvested razorbills (alca torda). because of their high trophic position, auks are at risk from high contaminant burdens that bioaccumulate and biomagnify, and could therefore pose a toxicological risk to human consumers. we analysed trace element concentra ... | 2015 | 25666730 |
| modelling the effects of prey size and distribution on prey capture rates of two sympatric marine predators. | understanding how prey capture rates are influenced by feeding ecology and environmental conditions is fundamental to assessing anthropogenic impacts on marine higher predators. we compared how prey capture rates varied in relation to prey size, prey patch distribution and prey density for two species of alcid, common guillemot (uria aalge) and razorbill (alca torda) during the chick-rearing period. we developed a monte carlo approach parameterised with foraging behaviour from bird-borne data lo ... | 2013 | 24260318 |
| mercury concentrations in seabird tissues from machias seal island, new brunswick, canada. | mercury is a pervasive environmental contaminant, the anthropogenic portion of which is increasing globally, and in northeastern north america in particular. seabirds frequently are used as indicators of the marine environment, including mercury contamination. we analysed paired samples for total mercury (hg) concentrations in feathers and blood from adult and chick, albumen, and lipid-free yolk of seven seabirds breeding on machias seal island, new brunswick, canada - arctic tern (sterna paradi ... | 2009 | 19419752 |
| marine foraging birds as bioindicators of mercury in the gulf of maine. | from existing databases, we compiled and evaluated 604 total mercury (hg) levels in the eggs and blood of 17 species of marine foraging birds from 35 gulf of maine islands to provide baseline data and to determine the best tissue, age class, and species for future biomonitoring. while mean hg levels in most species did not exceed adverse effects thresholds, levels in some individual eggs did; for all species arithmetic mean egg hg levels ranged from 0.04 to 0.62 (microg/g, wet weight). piscivoro ... | 2008 | 19277786 |
| pathological features in marine birds affected by the prestige's oil spill in the north of spain. | a total of 2,465 seabirds, mainly common murres (uria aalge), razorbills (alca torda), and puffins (fratercula arctica) that beached in the northwestern part of spain after the "prestige" oil spill on 19 november 2002 were examined by pathological methods. birds were divided into three groups: dead birds with the body covered (group 1) or uncovered (group 2) by oil and birds recovered alive but which died after being treated at a rescue center (group 3). the main gross lesions were severe dehydr ... | 2005 | 16107672 |
| mitochondrial dna sequence evolution and phylogeny of the atlantic alcidae, including the extinct great auk (pinguinus impennis). | the atlantic auk assemblage includes four extant species, razorbill (alca torda), dovekie (alle alle), common murre (uria aalge), and thick-billed murre (u. lomvia), and one recently extinct species, the flightless great auk (pinguinus impennis). to determine the phylogenetic relationships among the species, a contiguous 4.2-kb region of the mitochondrial genome from the extant species was amplified using pcr. this region included one ribosomal rna gene, four transfer rna genes, two protein-codi ... | 2002 | 12200471 |
| genetic diversity and population history of two related seabird species based on mitochondrial dna control region sequences. | geographical variation in two related seabird species, the razorbill (alca torda) and common guillemot (uria aalge), was investigated using sequence analysis of mitochondrial dna (mtdna) control regions. we determined the nucleotide sequence of the variable 5' segment of the control region in razorbills and common guillemots from breeding colonies across the atlantic ocean. the ecology and life history characteristics of razorbill and common guillemot are in many respects similar. they are both ... | 2001 | 11703652 |
| cytochrome b nucleotide sequence variation among the atlantic alcidae. | analysis of cytochrome b nucleotide sequences of the six extant species of atlantic alcids and a gull revealed an excess of adenines and cytosines and a deficit of guanines at silent sites on the coding strand. phylogenetic analyses grouped the sequences of the common (uria aalge) and brünnich's (u. lomvia) guillemots, followed by the razorbill (alca torda) and little auk (alle alle). the black guillemot (cepphus grylle) sequence formed a sister taxon, and the puffin (fratercula arctica) fell ou ... | 1993 | 7916741 |
| differential responses of arctic vegetation to nutrient enrichment by plankton- and fish-eating colonial seabirds in spitsbergen. | the role of seabirds as sea-land biovectors of nutrients is well documented. however, no studies have examined whether and how colonial seabirds that differ in diet may influence terrestrial vegetation. therefore, the purpose of the study was to describe and compare plant communities located in the vicinity of the two most common types of seabird colonies in arctic, occupied by piscivorous or planktivorous species. within 46 plots arranged in four transects in the vicinity of planktivorous (litt ... | 2016 | 28083002 |
| migration and opportunistic feeding increase pcb accumulation in arctic seabirds. | it is widely accepted that body concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (pops) tend to increase with trophic level (tl). yet, little attention has been paid to the causes in the underlying differences in pop body concentrations between species occupying similar tls. in this paper we use two modeling approaches to quantify the importance of migration and opportunistic feeding, relative to that of trophic level, in explaining interspecific differences in polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) body ... | 2013 | 24024972 |
| effects of sheens associated with offshore oil and gas development on the feather microstructure of pelagic seabirds. | operational discharges of hydrocarbons from maritime activities can have major cumulative impacts on marine ecosystems. small quantities of oil (i.e., 10 ml) results in often lethally reduced thermoregulation in seabirds. thin sheens of oil and drilling fluids form around offshore petroleum production structures from currently permissible operational discharges of hydrocarbons. methodology was developed to measure feather microstructure impacts (amalgamation index or ai) associated with sheen ex ... | 2010 | 20060137 |
| phylogenetic relationships within the alcidae (charadriiformes: aves) inferred from total molecular evidence. | the alcidae is a unique assemblage of northern hemisphere seabirds that forage by "flying" underwater. despite obvious affinities among the species, their evolutionary relationships are unclear. we analyzed nucleotide sequences of 1,045 base pairs of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and allelic profiles for 37 allozyme loci in all 22 extant species. trees were constructed on independent and combined data sets using maximum parsimony and distance methods that correct for superimposed changes. ... | 1996 | 8587501 |
| temporal dynamics of top predators interactions in the barents sea. | the barents sea system is often depicted as a simple food web in terms of number of dominant feeding links. the most conspicuous feeding link is between the northeast arctic cod gadus morhua, the world's largest cod stock which is presently at a historical high level, and capelin mallotus villosus. the system also holds diverse seabird and marine mammal communities. previous diet studies may suggest that these top predators (cod, bird and sea mammals) compete for food particularly with respect t ... | 2014 | 25365430 |
| contamination status and accumulation characteristics of metals and a metalloid in birds on teuri island, hokkaido, japan. | teuri island, hokkaido in japan is an important place for seabirds breeding. we measured the concentrations of heavy metals (hg, cd, cr, co, ni, cu, zn, and pb) and a metalloid (as) in rhinoceros auklet (cerorhinca monocerata) (n = 7), thick-billed murre (uria lomvia) (n = 2), spectacled guillemot (cepphus carbo) (n = 6), slaty-backed gull (larus schistisagus) (n = 15), jungle crow (corvus macrorhynchos) (n = 3), japanese anchovy (engraulis japonica) (n = 6) and atka mackerel (pleurogrammus azon ... | 2014 | 25282956 |
| stable isotopes link diet to avian yolk carotenoid allocation: a comparative study of five auk species (charadriiformes: alcidae). | the allocation of important but environmentally limited nutrients, such as carotenoids, often represents a trade-off between homeostasis and reproduction. however, key questions remain about how diet and species traits influence carotenoid allocation. we studied yolk carotenoid profiles and yolk color in relation to trophic level (based on delta(15)n values) in five species of seabirds belonging to the family alcidae: common murre (uria aalge), pigeon guillemot (cepphus columba), cassin's auklet ... | 2010 | 20210648 |