| metabolism of 3-methyldiphenyl ether by sphingomonas sp. ss31. | the bacterium sphingomonas sp. ss31, which was obtained from the diphenyl ether-degrading strain sphingomonas sp. ss3 by an adaptation process, utilized 3-methyldiphenyl ether for growth in addition to diphenyl ether. the initial enzymatic attack onto this compound proceeded by a regioselective, but non-specific dioxygenation at the carbon carrying the ether bridge and the adjacent carbon of the unsubstituted as well as the methyl-substituted aromatic nucleus. upon spontaneous decomposition, the ... | 1992 | 1398042 |
| biodegradation of diphenyl ether and its monohalogenated derivatives by sphingomonas sp. strain ss3. | the bacterium sphingomonas sp. strain ss3, which utilizes diphenyl ether and its 4-fluoro, 4-chloro, and (to a considerably lesser extent) 4-bromo derivatives as sole sources of carbon and energy, was enriched from soil samples of an industrial waste deposit. the bacterium showed cometabolic activities toward all other isomeric monohalogenated diphenyl ethers. during diphenyl ether degradation in batch culture experiments, phenol and catechol were produced as intermediates which were then channe ... | 1992 | 1444384 |
| metabolism of dibenzo-p-dioxin by sphingomonas sp. strain rw1. | in the course of our screening for dibenzo-p-dioxin-utilizing bacteria, a sphingomonas sp. strain was isolated from enrichment cultures inoculated with water samples from the river elbe. the isolate grew with both the biaryl ethers dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (df) as the sole sources of carbon and energy, showing doubling times of about 8 and 5 h, respectively. biodegradation of the two aromatic compounds initially proceeded after an oxygenolytic attack at the angular position adjacent to ... | 1992 | 1575472 |
| chemical structure of glycosphingolipids isolated from sphingomonas paucimobilis. | two novel glycosphingolipids were isolated from sphingomonas paucimobilis and their structures were completely elucidated. the glycosyl portion of the glycosphingolipid consists of an alpha-d-manp-[1----2)-alpha-d-galp-(1----6)-alpha-d-glcpn-(1 ----4)-alpha-d- glcpa-r tetrasaccharide. the hydrophobic residue r was found to be heterogeneous with respect to the dihydrosphingosine residue. erythro-1,3-dihydroxy-2-amino-octadecane and erythro-1,3-dihydroxy-2-amino-cis-13,14-methyleneoctadecane were ... | 1991 | 1959589 |
| chemical structure and biological activity of lipooligosaccharide isolated from sphingomonas paucimobilis, a gram-negative bacterium lacking usual lipopolysaccharide. | | 1990 | 2101144 |
| proposals of sphingomonas paucimobilis gen. nov. and comb. nov., sphingomonas parapaucimobilis sp. nov., sphingomonas yanoikuyae sp. nov., sphingomonas adhaesiva sp. nov., sphingomonas capsulata comb. nov., and two genospecies of the genus sphingomonas. | based on the partial nucleotide sequence analysis of 16s ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rrna), presence of unique sphingoglycolipids in cellular lipid, and the major type of ubiquinone (q10), we propose sphingomonas gen. nov. with the type species sphingomonas paucimobilis (holmes et al, 1977) comb. nov. from the homology values of deoxyribonucleic acid-deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization and the phenotypic characteristics, three new species, sphingomonas parapaucimobilis, sphingomonas yanoikuyae, ... | 1990 | 2111872 |
| use of a pentachlorophenol degrading bacterium to bioremediate highly contaminated soil. | a sphingomonas species that mineralizes high concentrations of pentachlorophenol (pcp) was isolated from a pcp-contaminated epa superfund site. this bacterium, identified as sphingomonas sp. strain ra2, is able to degrade pcp at concentrations of up to 300 micrograms/ml in liquid culture. this organism was tested for its ability to degrade high concentrations of pcp in a soil that did not contain organisms capable of degrading high concentrations of pcp. when inoculated into contaminated soil, s ... | 1995 | 7486981 |
| evidence of histidine coordination to the catalytic ferrous ion in the ring-cleaving 2,2',3-trihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenase from the dibenzofuran-degrading bacterium sphingomonas sp. strain rw1. | the 1h nmr spectra of an aromatic ring-cleaving extradiol dioxygenase, 2,2',3-trihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenase of the dibenzofuran-degrading bacterium sphingomonas sp. strain rw1, are reported. in the catalytically active reduced form of the monomeric enzyme (mw = 32 kda), three broad strongly downfield shifted signals were observed, two of which disappeared in d2o solution. their shifts and linewidths are consistent with ring nh and meta-like protons of coordinated histidines. these signals show ... | 1995 | 7488052 |
| glucose metabolism in 'sphingomonas elodea': pathway engineering via construction of a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase insertion mutant. | 'sphingomonas (formerly pseudomonas) elodea' produces the industrially important polysaccharide gellan when grown in media containing glucose. glucose catabolic enzymes and enzymes of central carbon metabolism were assayed in crude extracts of glucose-grown cultures of this bacterium. based on these analyses it was concluded that glucose is converted to either gluconate or glucose 6-phosphate and that both of these products are converted to 6-phosphogluconate, a precursor for the entner-doudorof ... | 1995 | 7496544 |
| taxonomic study of bacteria isolated from plants: proposal of sphingomonas rosa sp. nov., sphingomonas pruni sp. nov., sphingomonas asaccharolytica sp. nov., and sphingomonas mali sp. nov. | the taxonomic positions of 10 strains of 3-ketolactose-forming bacteria which were isolated from the roots of plants (rosa sp., psychotria nairobiensis, ardisia crispa, prunus persica, and apple trees) were investigated. the dna base compositions of these strains ranged from 64.0 to 65.7 mol%, the isoprenoid quinone of each strain was ubiquinone 10, 3-hydroxy fatty acids were lacking in the cellular fatty acids of these organisms, and all of the strains contained a sphingolipid with the long-cha ... | 1995 | 7537068 |
| glycosphingolipids from sphingomonas paucimobilis induce monokine production in human mononuclear cells. | glycosphingolipids (gsl) isolated from the gram-negative lipopolysaccharide (lps)-free bacterium sphingomonas paucimobilis have remarkable structural similarities with lps and its hydrophobic part, termed lipid a. like lps, but in contrast to the structurally related ceramides and cerebrosides, gsl contain an alpha-linked, negatively charged pyranosidic glycosyl component adjacent to the lipid portion and are capable of forming membranes. because of these similarities, it was of interest to inve ... | 1995 | 7542635 |
| aromatic-degrading sphingomonas isolates from the deep subsurface. | an obligately aerobic chemoheterotrophic bacterium (strain f199) previously isolated from southeast coastal plain subsurface sediments and shown to degrade toluene, naphthalene, and other aromatic compounds (j. k. fredrickson, f. j. brockman, d. j. workman, s. w. li, and t. o. stevens, appl. environ. microbiol. 57:796-803, 1991) was characterized by analysis of its 16s rrna nucleotide base sequence and cellular lipid composition. strain f199 contained 2-oh14:0 and 18:1 omega 7c as the predominan ... | 1995 | 7544095 |
| 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-degrading bacteria contain mosaics of catabolic genes. | dna from 32 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d)-degrading bacteria from diverse locations was probed with the first three genes of the well-known 2,4-d degradation pathway found in alcaligenes eutrophus jmp134(pjp4). the majority of strains did not show high levels of homology to the first three genes of the 2,4-d degradation pathway, tfda, -b, and -c. most strains showed combinations of tfda-, b-, and c-like elements that exhibited various degrees of homology to the gene probes. strains havi ... | 1995 | 7574638 |
| pyrimidine nucleoside catabolism in sphingomonas paucimobilis: role of cytidine deaminase and uridine phosphorylase. | pyrimidine nucleoside catabolism in the human pathogen sphingomonas paucimobilis was studied. it was observed that s. paucimobilis was only capable of utilizing cytidine or deoxycytidine as a sole nitrogen source when glucose served as the carbon source. thinlayer chromatographic analyses of cytidine and uridine catabolic products revealed that the enzymes cytidine deaminase and uridine phosphorylase were active in the extracts prepared from s. paucimobilis cells. the levels of cytidine deaminas ... | 1995 | 7600008 |
| physical mapping and characterization of a catabolic plasmid from the deep-subsurface bacterium sphingomonas sp. strain f199. | a supercoiled 180-kb plasmid, pnl1, has been isolated from the deep-subsurface, chemoheterotrophic sphingomonas sp. strain f199, and a physical map was generated. analysis of a pnl1-derived cosmid library indicated that catechol 2,3-dioxygenase activity was linked to two distinct regions of the plasmid. thus, the genes for aromatic catabolism in this sphingomonas strain are, at least in part, plasmid encoded. | 1995 | 7635838 |
| indicators for microbiologically induced corrosion of copper pipes in a cold-water plumbing system. | corrosion damage in the copper cold-water plumbing system of a large building was investigated. an unusual combination of corrosion patterns was found on the inner copper pipe surfaces that were in contact with water. damage was in the form of shallow cavities, a surface cover or pinprick-like pits. the corrosion system was influenced by thermal treatment and also by cefoxitin dosing. the latter fact in particular is a clear indication of microbiological involvement in this corrosive action. dif ... | 1995 | 7727024 |
| purification of two isofunctional hydrolases (ec 3.7.1.8) in the degradative pathway for dibenzofuran in sphingomonas sp. strain rw1. | sphingomonas sp. strain rw1, when grown in salicylate-salts medium, synthesized the enzymes for the degradation of dibenzofuran. the reaction subsequent to meta cleavage of the first benzene ring was found to be catalyzed by two isofunctional hydrolases, h1 and h2, which were purified by chromatography on anion exchange, hydrophobic interaction and gel filtration media. each enzyme was able to hydrolyze 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-(2-hydroxyphenyl)hexa-2,4-dienoate and 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-die ... | 1993 | 7764304 |
| bacteria obtained from a sequencing batch reactor that are capable of growth on dehydroabietic acid. | eleven isolates capable of growth on the resin acid dehydroabietic acid (dha) were obtained from a sequencing batch reactor designed to treat a high-strength process stream from a paper mill. the isolates belonged to two groups, represented by strains dha-33 and dha-35, which were characterized. in the bioreactor, bacteria like dha-35 were more abundant than those like dha-33. the population in the bioreactor of organisms capable of growth on dha was estimated to be 1.1 x 10(6) propagules per ml ... | 1995 | 7793937 |
| gellan lyases--novel polysaccharide lyases. | a number of bacterial strains capable of degrading the bacterial exopolysaccharide gellan have been isolated by standard enrichment procedures. they include several pink-pigmented gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria. a red-pigmented gram-positive bacillus earlier found to degrade the exopolysaccharide xanthan from xanthomonas campestris also showed slight gellanase activity. all the gram-negative bacteria are non-fermentative, motile and amylase-producing. the gellan degradation in each case is du ... | 1994 | 7812440 |
| mechanism of bacitracin resistance in gram-negative bacteria that synthesize exopolysaccharides. | four representative species from three genera of gram-negative bacteria that secrete exopolysaccharides acquired resistance to the antibiotic bacitracin by stopping synthesis of the exopolysaccharide. xanthomonas campestris, sphingomonas strains s-88 and nw11, and escherichia coli k-12 secrete xanthan gum, sphingans s-88 and nw11, and colanic acid, respectively. the gumd gene in x. campestris is required to attach glucose-p to c55-isoprenyl phosphate, the first step in the assembly of xanthan. a ... | 1994 | 7928993 |
| genetic and phenotypic diversity of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d)-degrading bacteria isolated from 2,4-d-treated field soils. | forty-seven numerically dominant 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d)-degrading bacteria were isolated at different times from 1989 through 1992 from eight agricultural plots (3.6 by 9.1 m) which were either not treated with 2,4-d or treated with 2,4-d at three different concentrations. isolates were obtained from the most dilute positive most-probable-number tubes inoculated with soil samples from the different plots on seven sampling dates over the 3-year period. the isolates were compared b ... | 1994 | 8017907 |
| use of gene probes to aid in recovery and identification of functionally dominant 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-degrading populations in soil. | the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) was applied to soils in microcosms, and degradation was monitored after each of five repeated additions. total dnas were isolated from soil bacterial communities after each 2,4-d treatment. the dna samples were analyzed on slot blots and southern blots by using a tfda gene probe subcloned from plasmid pjp4 and a spa probe derived from a different 2,4-d-degrading isolate, a sphingomonas paucimobilis strain. 2,4-d applied to soil was quickly deg ... | 1994 | 8017908 |
| analysis of competition in soil among 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-degrading bacteria. | competition among indigenous and inoculated 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d)-degrading bacteria was studied in a native kansas prairie soil following 2,4-d additions. the soil was inoculated with four different 2,4-d-degrading strains at densities of 10(3) cells per g of soil; the organisms used were pseudomonas cepacia dbo1(pjp4) and three michigan soil isolates, strain 745, sphingomonas paucimobilis 1443, and pseudomonas pickettii 712. following 2,4-d additions, total soil dna was extrac ... | 1994 | 8017909 |
| separation and partial characterization of soluble fatty acid alpha-hydroxylase from sphingomonas paucimobilus. | the crude extracts from sphingomonas paucimobilus containing 2-hydroxy fatty acid-rich sphingolipids were found to oxidize [1-14c]-myristate to 2-hydroxymyristate in the presence of nadh. the myristate-oxidation activity was partially purified about 290-fold from the cell-free extracts by ammonium sulfate fractionation and hydroxylapatite chromatography. when laurate, myristate, and palmitate were used as the substrates, the reaction products were identified as the corresponding 2-hydroxy fatty ... | 1994 | 8024600 |
| classification of pseudomonas diminuta leifson and hugh 1954 and pseudomonas vesicularis büsing, döll, and freytag 1953 in brevundimonas gen. nov. as brevundimonas diminuta comb. nov. and brevundimonas vesicularis comb. nov., respectively. | the taxonomic positions of strains previously assigned to pseudomonas diminuta and pseudomonas vesicularis were investigated by a polyphasic approach. the results of dna-rrna hybridization studies indicated that these two species belong to a separate genus in the alpha subclass (rrna superfamily iv) of the proteobacteria, for which the name brevundimonas is proposed. genus delineation and species delineation were determined by comparing the results of numerical analyses of whole-cell protein pat ... | 1994 | 8068543 |
| influence of substrate diffusion on degradation of dibenzofuran and 3-chlorodibenzofuran by attached and suspended bacteria. | dibenzofuran uptake-associated kinetic parameters of suspended and attached sphingomonas sp. strain hh19k cells were compared. the suspended cells were studied in a batch system, whereas glass beads in percolated columns were used as the solid support for attached cells. the maximum specific activities of cells in the two systems were the same. the apparent half-maximum uptake rate-associated concentrations (kt') of attached cells, however, were considerably greater than those of suspended cells ... | 1994 | 8085817 |
| structure and physical properties of the extracellular polysaccharide ps-p4 produced by sphingomonas paucimobilis p4 (dsm 6418). | a new strain, sphingomonas paucimobilis p4 (dsm 6418), was found during a screening programme for exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria. the highly viscous fermentation broth yields a polysaccharide (up to 10 kg/m3), named ps-p4, and shows thixotropic flow behaviour. in the presence of phosphate ions, ps-p4 forms aqueous gels after heating and cooling at alkaline ph. after isolation and purification of the exopolysaccharide, structural analysis by 1d and 2d 1h nmr spectroscopy and mass spectromet ... | 1994 | 8149377 |
| phylogenetic evidence for sphingomonas and rhizomonas as nonphotosynthetic members of the alpha-4 subclass of the proteobacteria. | to clarify the taxonomic relationships of the genera rhizomonas and sphingomonas, the 16s rrna sequence of rhizomonas suberifaciens ifo 15211t (t = type strain) was determined. a phylogenetic analysis of aligned 16s rrna gene sequences revealed that eight species of the genus sphingomonas and r. suberifaciens are closely related to erythrobacter longus and porphyrobacter neustonensis and, therefore, belong in the alpha-4 subclass of the proteobacteria. within this subclass, sphingomonas species ... | 1994 | 8186095 |
| characterization of 2,2',3-trihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenase, an extradiol dioxygenase from the dibenzofuran- and dibenzo-p-dioxin-degrading bacterium sphingomonas sp. strain rw1. | a key enzyme in the degradation pathways of dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran, namely, 2,2',3-trihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenase, which is responsible for meta cleavage of the first aromatic ring, has been genetically and biochemically analyzed. the dbfb gene of this enzyme has been cloned from a cosmid library of the dibenzo-p-dioxin- and dibenzofuran-degrading bacterium sphingomonas sp. strain rw1 (r. m. wittich, h. wilkes, v. sinnwell, w. francke, and p. fortnagel, appl. environ. microbiol. 58:10 ... | 1993 | 8226678 |
| biodegradation and transformation of 4,4'- and 2,4-dihalodiphenyl ethers by sphingomonas sp. strain ss33. | the bacterium sphingomonas sp. strain ss33, obtained from parent diphenyl ether-mineralizing strain ss3 (s. schmidt, r.-m. wittich, d. erdmann, h. wilkes, w. francke, and p. fortnagel, appl. environ. microbiol. 58:2744-2750, 1992) after several weeks of adaptation on 4,4'-difluorodiphenyl ether as the new target compound, also utilized 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyl ether for growth. intermediary halocatechols were also mineralized via the ortho pathway by type i enzymes. 4,4'-dibromodiphenyl ether was n ... | 1993 | 8285696 |
| the cell envelope structure of the lipopolysaccharide-lacking gram-negative bacterium sphingomonas paucimobilis. | from the cell envelope preparation of sphingomonas paucimobilis two membrane fractions with different densities were separated by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. the high-density fraction contained several major proteins, phospholipids, and glycosphingolipids, which are the only glycolipids of this lipopolysaccharide-lacking gram-negative bacterium. the low-density fraction showed many minor bands of proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and nadh ox ... | 1994 | 8288520 |
| dibenzofuran 4,4a-dioxygenase from sphingomonas sp. strain rw1: angular dioxygenation by a three-component enzyme system. | sphingomonas sp. strain rw1 synthesized a constitutive enzyme system that oxygenated dibenzofuran (dbf) to 2,2',3-trihydroxybiphenyl (thb). we purified this dibenzofuran 4,4a-dioxygenase system (dbfdos) and found it to consist of four components which catalyzed three activities. two isofunctional, monomeric flavoproteins (components a1 and a2; m(r) of about 44,000) transferred electrons from nadh to the second component (b; m(r) of about 12,000), a ferredoxin, which transported electrons to the ... | 1993 | 8407823 |
| classification of rhizomonas suberifaciens, an unnamed rhizomonas species, and sphingomonas spp. in rrna superfamily iv. | thermal melting profiles of hybrids between 3h-labeled rrna of rhizomonas suberifaciens, the causal agent of corky root of lettuce, and chromosomal dnas from 27 species of gram-negative bacteria indicated that the genus rhizomonas belongs to superfamily iv of de ley. on the basis of the melting temperatures of dna hybrids with rrnas from the type strains of r. suberifaciens, sphingomonas paucimobilis, and sphingomonas capsulata, rhizomonas strains constitute a separate branch in superfamily iv, ... | 1993 | 8427800 |
| stimulation of phagocytosis and phagosome-lysosome fusion by glycosphingolipids from sphingomonas paucimobilis. | sphingomonas paucimobilis, a gram-negative opportunistic pathogen, is actively phagocytosed by human peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) in vitro. however, when live or killed cells were delipidated, the phagocytic rate was clearly decreased. therefore, we have investigated the physiological role of membrane lipids in phagocytic processes. s. paucimobilis type strain 2395 produces four classes of acidic glycosphingolipids (gl-1, gl-2, gl-3, and gl-4) with the common components of glucu ... | 1995 | 8543558 |
| halopicolinic acids, novel products arising through the degradation of chloro- and bromo-biphenyl by sphingomonas paucimobilis bpsi-3. | sphingomonas paucimobilis bpsi-3 was previously isolated from a mixed microbial consortium growing on biphenyl as the sole source of carbon and energy. transformation of 4-chlorobiphenyl (4cbp) was demonstrated by this strain, although little or no growth was observed. in minimal salts medium supplemented with 4cbp or bromobiphenyl and dextrose, yellow coloured product(s) were rapidly formed. gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) revealed single-ring n-heterocyclic compounds that were ide ... | 1996 | 8595598 |
| pit structure on bacterial cell surface. | the yellow-pigmented bacterium isolated from a ditch was a gram negative rod with a g+c content of 63 mol%, and was classified in the genus sphingomonas. electron microscopy revealed that the bacterial cell surface was covered with many large plaits. when grown in a medium containing a polysaccharide as an essential nutrient, a pit of 0.02-0.1 micrometers in diameter was formed on the cell surface, and a thin section showed the rearrangement of the plaits and the presence of a region where the c ... | 1996 | 8607879 |
| sequence and expression of an isocitrate dehydrogenase-encoding gene from a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon oxidizer, sphingomonas yanoikuyae b1. | an 18.5-kb dna fragment was cloned from sphingomonas yanoikuyae (sy) b1 (previously beijerinckia b1). analysis of a 4.3-kb sequence revealed an isocitrate dehydrogenase (idh)-encoding gene (idha), an unidentified open reading frame (orf) and a partial glucosamine synthetase-encoding orf (glms). as in a number of bacteria, tn7 insertion was found specifically at a site past the stop codon of glms. the predicted 406-amino-acid sequence of idha shows, for the first time, an extensive sequence ident ... | 1996 | 8626059 |
| linkage of genes essential for synthesis of a polysaccharide capsule in sphingomonas strain s88. | several structurally related capsular polysaccharides that are secreted by members of the genus sphingomonas are being developed as aqueous rheological control agents for diverse industrial and food applications. they include gellan (s-60), welan (s-130), rhamsan (s-194), s-657, s-88, s-198, s-7, and nw-11. we refer to these polysaccharides as sphingans, after the genus name. this paper characterizes the first gene cluster isolated from a sphingomonas species (s88) that is required for capsule s ... | 1996 | 8626338 |
| novel polypeptides induced by the insecticide lindane (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane) are required for its biodegradation by a sphingomonas paucimobilis strain. | when exposed to the potent insecticide gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane or lindane, a sphingomonas paucimobilis strain rapidly synthesized 7 novel polypeptides and concomitantly gained the ability to degrade lindane. synthesis of these proteins was switched-off subsequent to the disappearance of lindane from the medium. treatments which induced the synthesis of identical proteins also conferred on cells the ability to degrade lindane. in contrast, cells blocked in protein synthesis could not be induc ... | 1996 | 8630034 |
| direct involvement of hydrogen peroxide in bacterial alpha-hydroxylation of fatty acid. | we have reported that fatty-acid alpha-hydroxylase partially purified from sphingomonas paucimobilis required nadh and molecular oxygen. in this study, we found that the reaction was greatly inhibited by catalase. glutathione and glutathione peroxidase also inhibited alpha-hydroxylation, but superoxide dismutase and mannitol did not. replacement of nadh and molecular oxygen by hydrogen peroxide increased the alpha-hydroxylation activity. in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, molecular oxygen was ... | 1996 | 8647293 |
| bacterial degradation of low concentrations of phenanthrene and inhibition by naphthalene | phenanthrene-degrading bacteria were isolated from enrichment cultures of soils contaminated with creosote and jet fuel. the isolates from the creosote enrichments were classified by fatty acid methyl ester profiles as acidovorax delafieldii and sphingomonas paucimobilis; the bacterium from the jet fuel-contaminated soil was not identified and was designated strain jfd11. all three isolates used phenanthrene as a sole carbon and energy source, and two of the isolates used fluoranthene as a sole ... | 1996 | 8661535 |
| tracheal colonization with sphingomonas paucimobilis in mechanically ventilated neonates due to contaminated ventilator temperature probes. | sphingomonas paucimobilis was isolated from tracheal secretions of a total of 85 mechanically ventilated babies in a neonatal intensive-care unit (nicu) during a two-year-period. none of the neonates developed pneumonia or sepsis. after each increase in the fluctuating number of s. paucimobilis isolates, extra attention was paid to hand hygiene and to the maintenance of the ventilation equipment. this resulted in a reduction of the frequency of isolation each time. cultures of all liquids in use ... | 1996 | 8690883 |
| planar asymmetric lipid bilayers of glycosphingolipid or lipopolysaccharide on one side and phospholipids on the other: membrane potential, porin function, and complement activation. | we have determined some physicochemical properties of the monosaccharide-type fraction (gsl-1) of glycosphingolipids, the major glycolipid components of the outer leaflet of the gram-negative species sphingomonas paucimobilis. these properties included the state of order of the hydrocarbon moiety, the effective molecular area, surface charge density, and intrinsic transmembrane potential profile of reconstituted planar asymmetric gsl-1/phospholipid bilayer membranes. we have, furthermore, invest ... | 1996 | 8770208 |
| the genus sphingomonas: physiology and ecology. | exploitation of the metabolic capabilities of the genus sphingomonas could provide important commercial benefits to biotechnology. recent advances have demonstrated that these organisms have unique abilities to degrade refractory contaminants, to serve as bacterial antagonists to phytopathogenic fungi, and to secrete the highly useful gellan exopolysaccharides. unfortunately, sphingomonas are also animal pathogens and can readily degrade the copper pipes in drinking water distribution systems. t ... | 1996 | 8785434 |
| isolation and characterization of a novel gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane-degrading bacterium. | the natural biotic capacity of soils to degrade gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma-hch, lindane) was estimated using an enrichment technique based on the ability of soil bacteria to develop on synthetic media and degrade the xenobiotic compound, used as the sole source of carbon and energy. bacterial inocula from relatively highly contaminated soils (from wood treatment factories) were found to promote efficiently the degradation of gamma-hch, which subsequently permitted isolation of a competen ... | 1996 | 8830705 |
| description of chlorophenol-degrading pseudomonas sp. strains kf1t, kf3, and nkf1 as a new species of the genus sphingomonas, sphingomonas subarctica sp. nov. | gram-negative polychlorophenol-degrading bacterial strains kf1t (t = type strain), kf3, and nkf1, which were described previously as pseudomonas saccharophila strains, were studied by chemotaxonomic, genetic, and physiological methods and by electron microscopy and compared with selected xenobiotic compound-degrading bacteria. these strains contained sphingolipids with d-18:0, d-20:1, and d-21:1 as the main dihydrosphingosines, ubiquinone 10 as the main respiratory quinone, and spermidine as the ... | 1996 | 8863434 |
| isolation and characterization of soil microorganisms capable of utilizing the herbicide diclofop-methyl as a sole source of carbon and energy. | six nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli were isolated from manitoban soils after enrichment with diclofopmethyl. microscopic examination and physiological and biochemical tests have identified the organisms as sphingomonas paucimobilis, acinetobacter baumannii, chryseomonas luteola, pseudomonas aureofaciens, pseudomonas cepacia, and pseudomonas fluorescens. growth curve studies showed that each of the isolates was able to grow in minimal medium with diclofop-methyl as the sole source of carbon ... | 1996 | 8868228 |
| degradation of diclofop-methyl by pure cultures of bacteria isolated from manitoban soils. | pure cultures of chryseomonas luteola and sphingomonas paucimobilis isolated from manitoban soils were able to utilize diclofop-methyl (methyl-2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoate) as the sole source of carbon and energy. an actively growing culture of c. luteola completely degraded 1.5 micrograms diclofop-methyl.ml-1 to diclofop acid and 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol within 71 h, as determined by gas chromatographic analysis. the accumulation of these metabolites in the growth medium r ... | 1996 | 8868229 |
| use of tagged random hexamer amplification (trha) to clone and sequence minute quantities of dna--application to a 180 kb plasmid isolated from sphingomonas f199. | we have developed a novel method to clone and sequence minute quantities of dna. the method was applied to sequence a 180 kb plasmid pnl1. the first step was the production of a size distributed population of dna molecules that were derived from the 180 kb plasmid pnl1. the first step was accomplished by a random synthesis reaction using klenow fragment and random hexamers tagged with a t7 primer at the primer 5'-end (t7-dn6, 5'-gtaatacgactcactatagggcnnnnnn-3'. in the second step, klenow-synthes ... | 1996 | 8871558 |
| bacteremia due to glucose non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli in patients with hematological neoplasias and solid tumors. | twenty-six patients with hematological or solid tumors who developed bacteremia caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia (n = 10), pseudomonas putida (n = 6), sphingomonas paucimobilis complex (n = 4) or alcaligenes xylosoxidans (n = 6) in the period between 1993 and 1995 were studied. seventeen patients were neutropenic during the infection, and 13 were undergoing bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. twenty-three patients had catheter-related infections; only 3 of the 26 pat ... | 1996 | 8874083 |
| enzymatic pathway for the bacterial degradation of the cyanobacterial cyclic peptide toxin microcystin lr. | an isolated bacterium, identified as a new sphingomonas species, was demonstrated to contain a novel enzymatic pathway which acted on microcystin lr, the most common cyanobacterial cyclic peptide toxin. degradation of microcystin lr was mediated by at least three intracellular hydrolytic enzymes. the use of classic protease inhibitors allowed (i) the classification of these enzymes into general protease families and (ii) the in vitro accumulation of otherwise transient microcystin lr degradation ... | 1996 | 8899999 |
| oxidation of 6,7-dihydro-5h-benzocycloheptene by bacterial strains expressing naphthalene dioxygenase, biphenyl dioxygenase, and toluene dioxygenase yields homochiral monol or cis-diol enantiomers as major products. | bacterial strains expressing naphthalene, biphenyl, and toluene dioxygenase were examined for their abilities to oxidize 6,7-dihydro-5h-benzocycloheptene (benzocyclohept-1-ene). the major oxidation products were isolated, and their absolute configurations were determined by chiral 1h nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of diastereomeric boronate esters, chiral stationary-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography, and stereo-chemical correlation. pseudomonas sp. strain 9816/11 and sphingomonas ya ... | 1996 | 8919798 |
| homology between genes for aromatic hydrocarbon degradation in surface and deep-subsurface sphingomonas strains. | the cloned genes for aromatic hydrocarbon degradation from sphingomonas yanoikuyae b1 were utilized in southern hybridization experiments with sphingomonas strains from the surface and deep-subsurface environments. one hybridization pattern was obtained with bamhi-digested genomic dnas for two surface strains, while a differing pattern was seen for five deep-subsurface strains. the cross-hybridizing genes were located in the chromosomes of the surface strains and on plasmids in the deep-subsurfa ... | 1996 | 8919814 |
| exploration of the relationship between tetrachlorohydroquinone dehalogenase and the glutathione s-transferase superfamily. | tetrachlorohydroquinone dehalogenase is found in sphingomonas chlorophenolica, a soil bacterium that degrades pentachlorophenol, a widely used wood preservative. this enzyme converts tetrachlorohydroquinone (tchq) to trichlorohydroquinone (trichq) and trichq to dichlorohydroquinone (dchq) (xun et al. (1992) j. bacteriol. 174, 8003-8007). the reducing equivalents for each step are provided by two molecules of glutathione (xun et al. (1992) biochem. biophys. res. commun. 182, 361-366). in addition ... | 1996 | 8931562 |
| reclassification of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-metabolizing bacterium, beijerinckia sp. strain b1, as sphingomonas yanoikuyae by fatty acid analysis, protein pattern analysis, dna-dna hybridization, and 16s ribosomal dna sequencing. | a bacterium isolated from a polluted stream, capable of metabolizing biphenyl, naphthalene, phenanthrene, and higher-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (d. gibson, v. mahadevan, d. jerina, h. yagi, and h. yeh, science 189:295-297, 1975), was previously identified as beijerinckia sp. strain b1. in this investigation, 16s rrna gene sequencing, biochemical tests, fatty acid methyl ester analysis, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of protein, and dna-dna hybridization were used to de ... | 1996 | 8934904 |
| polysaccharide lyases from gellan-producing sphingomonas spp. | a number of sphingomonas strains capable of synthesizing the bacterial exopolysaccharide gellan and related polymers were shown to possess constitutive gellanase activity. in each case, the degradation of deacylated gellan was due to extracellular, eliminase-type enzymes (lyases) which cleave the sequence ... beta-d-glucosyl 1,4-beta-d-glucuronosyl ... in the tetrasaccharide repeat unit of the substrate polysaccharides. deacetylated rhamsan was an alternative substrate but there was little or no ... | 1996 | 8936312 |
| use of monoclonal antibodies against dibenzo-p-dioxin degrading sphingomonas sp. strain rw1. | a monoclonal antibody prepared against surface antigen of sphingomonas sp. strain rw1 was used for the direct detection of rw1-like organisms in environmental samples by epifluorescence microscopy and subsequent confirmation by western blot. of the 76 samples collected from various sources and probed using epifluorescence, only one sample, effluent from paper and pulp processing, gave a positive result. the effluent was cultured and yielded an organism which, by western blot analysis, was shown ... | 1996 | 8936374 |
| complete microbial degradation of both enantiomers of the chiral herbicide mecoprop [(rs)-2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propionic acid] in an enantioselective manner by sphingomonas herbicidovorans sp. nov. | sphingomonas herbicidovorans mh (previously designated flavobacterium sp. strain mh) was able to utilize the chiral herbicide (rs)-2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propionic acid (mecoprop) as the sole carbon and energy source. when strain mh was offered racemic mecoprop as the growth substrate, it could degrade both the (r) and the (s) enantiomer to completion, as shown by biomass formation, substrate consumption, and stoichiometric chloride release. however, the (s) enantiomer disappeared much fast ... | 1996 | 8953704 |
| initial reactions in the oxidation of 1,2-dihydronaphthalene by sphingomonas yanoikuyae strains. | the substrate oxidation profiles of sphingomonas yanoikuyae b1 biphenyl-2,3-dioxygenase and cis-biphenyl dihydrodiol dehydrogenase activities were examined with 1,2-dihydronaphthalene and various cis-diols as substrates. m-xylene-induced cells of strain b1 oxidized 1,2-dihydronaphthalene to (-)-(1r,2s)-cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene as the major product (73% relative yield). small amounts of (+)-(r)-2-hydroxy-1,2-dihydronaphthalene (15%), naphthalene (6%), and alpha-tetralone (6 ... | 1996 | 8953711 |
| taxonomic study of aromatic-degrading bacteria from deep-terrestrial-subsurface sediments and description of sphingomonas aromaticivorans sp. nov., sphingomonas subterranea sp. nov., and sphingomonas stygia sp. nov. | phylogenetic analyses of 16s rrna gene sequences by distance matrix and parsimony methods indicated that six strains of bacteria isolated from deep saturated atlantic coastal plain sediments were closely related to the genus sphingomonas. five of the strains clustered with, but were distinct from, sphingomonas capsulata, whereas the sixth strain was most closely related to blastobacter natatorius. the five strains that clustered with s. capsulata, all of which could degrade aromatic compounds, w ... | 1997 | 8995822 |
| reassessment of the phylogenetic position of caulobacter subvibrioides. | determination of the 16s rrna gene sequence of caulobacter subvibrioides atcc 15264t (t = type strain) confirmed that this species is a member of the alpha subclass of the proteobacteria and showed that it is phylogenetically most closely related to the caulobacter group comprising the species caulobacter bacteroides, caulobacter crescentus, and brevundimonas (pseudomonas) diminuta, for which 16s rrna sequences of the type strains are currently available. the closest known relative of strain atc ... | 1997 | 8995825 |
| pcp degradation is mediated by closely related strains of the genus sphingomonas. | there have been numerous reports in the literature of diverse bacteria capable of degrading pentachlorophenol (pcp). in order to gain further insight into the phylogenetic relationships of pcp-degrading bacteria, we examined four strains: arthrobacter sp. strain atcc 33790, flavobacterium sp. strain atcc 39723, pseudomonas sp. strain sr3, and sphingomonas sp. strain ra2. these organisms were isolated from different geographical locations and all of them degrade high concentrations (100-200 mg/l) ... | 1997 | 9004518 |
| structural studies of the exocellular polysaccharide from sphingomonas paucimobilis strain i-886. | the exocellular polysaccharide from sphingomonas paucimobilis strain i-886 has been studied using methylation analysis, smith degradation, partial acid hydrolysis, nmr spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry as the principal methods. it is concluded that the repeating unit has the following structure: [formula: see text] the absolute configuration of the uronic acid was deduced from 1h nmr chemical shifts and is most likely d. some preparations of the polysaccharide also contain phosphate and o-acyl ... | 1996 | 9011378 |
| quantitative flow cytometric detection of specific microorganisms in soil samples using rrna targeted fluorescent probes and ethidium bromide. | specific detection and accurate enumeration of microorganisms in the environment have been hampered by the lack of suitable techniques. a three-parameter flow cytometric method (fcm) was developed to detect quantitatively sphingomonas sp. strain 107 inoculated into soil samples. by combining light scattering profiles (i.e., morphological properties), ethidium bromide (etbr) influx (i.e., wall permeability), and fluorescence in situ hybridization against the 16s rrna (i.e., detection specificity) ... | 1997 | 9041110 |
| cloning and characterization of four genes of rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii involved in exopolysaccharide production and nodulation. | four different genes of rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii strain rbl5599 involved in exopolysaccharide (eps) production were identified by complementation of tn5-induced eps-deficient mutants (exo mutants) with a cosmid bank. on one cosmid pssa was located, which was found to be almost identical to the pss4 gene from r. leguminosarum bv. viciae vf39 and highly homologous to a family of glycosyl transferases. two pssa mutants, exo2 and exo4, were characterized and found to produce 19 and 1% of ... | 1997 | 9057334 |
| computer-aided comparison of protein electrophoretic patterns for grouping and identification of heterotrophic bacteria from mineral water. | the microflora of a natural mineral water was studied immediately after bottling (t0) and after 7 d storage (t7) during 6 months, and isolates were clustered by sds-page of whole-cell protein profiles. isolates from each cluster were further characterized by api 20ne, fatty acid composition and quinone profiles. the numerical analysis of the electrophoregrams of all bacteria isolated from the mineral water formed 15 clusters and five unclustered strains. except for five minor clusters, all clust ... | 1996 | 9072519 |
| plasmid-mediated mineralization of carbofuran by sphingomonas sp. strain cf06. | a bacterial strain (cf06) that mineralized both the carbonyl group and the aromatic ring of the insecticide carbofuran and that is capable of using carbofuran as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen was isolated from a soil in washington state. phospholipid fatty acid and 16s rrna sequencing analysis indicate that cf06 is a sphingomonas sp. cf06 contains five plasmids, at least some of which are required for metabolism of carbofuran. loss of the plasmids induced by growth at 42 degrees c resulte ... | 1997 | 9097429 |
| transfer of blastobacter natatorius (sly 1985) to the genus blastomonas gen. nov. as blastomonas natatoria comb. nov. | the budding bacterium blastobacter natatorius belongs to the alpha-4 group of the proteobacteria and clusters phylogenetically on a deep branch with sphingomonas capsulata, with which it shares 93.9% 16s rrna sequence similarity. on phylogenetic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic grounds a proposal is made to transfer b. natatorius to the genus blastomonas gen. nov. as blastomonas natatoria comb. nov. | 1997 | 9103650 |
| classification of "pseudomonas azotocolligans" anderson 1955, 132, in the genus sphingomonas as sphingomonas trueperi sp. nov. | "pseudomonas azotocolligans" atcc 12417t (t = type strain), which was described as a diazotrophic bacterium, was reinvestigated to clarify its taxonomic position. 16s ribosomal dna sequence comparisons demonstrated that this strain clusters phylogenetically with species of the genus sphingomonas and represents a new species. the results of investigations of the fatty acid patterns, polar lipid profiles, and quinone system supported this placement. the substrate utilization profile and biochemica ... | 1997 | 9103654 |
| comparative study of five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degrading bacterial strains isolated from contaminated soils. | five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah) degrading bacterial strains, pseudomonas putida 34, pseudomonas fluorescens 62, pseudomonas aeruginosa 57, sphingomonas sp. strain 107, and the unidentified strain pl1, were isolated from two contaminated soils and characterized for specific features regarding pah degradation. degradation efficiency was determined by the rapidity to form clearing zones around colonies when sprayed with different pah solutions and the growth in liquid medium with differe ... | 1997 | 9115093 |
| in vivo levels of chlorinated hydroquinones in a pentachlorophenol-degrading bacterium. | sphingomonas chlorophenolica ra-2 is a soil microorganism that can grow on pentachlorophenol (pcp) as a sole carbon source. in this microorganism, pcp is converted to tetrachlorohydroquinone (tchq), trichlorohydroquinone, and 2,6-dichlorohydroquinone. the remainder of the pathway has not yet been defined. the ability to grow on pcp as a sole carbon source is remarkable because of the toxicity of pcp and its chlorinated hydroquinone metabolites. experiments in which the levels of pcp and chlorina ... | 1997 | 9143119 |
| phylogenetic and physiological comparisons of pah-degrading bacteria from geographically diverse soils. | the diversity of bacteria isolated from creosote- contaminated soils in the united states, norway, and germany was determined by comparing their ability to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs), their phospholipid ester-linked fatty acid (gc-fame) profiles, sole carbon source utilization patterns (biolog assays), and 16s rrna sequences. bacteria were initially obtained by enrichment with phenanthrene and fluoranthene. many were capable of degrading a broad range of the pahs found in cr ... | 1997 | 9195008 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of a novel insertion element from plasmids harbored by the carbofuran-degrading bacterium, sphingomonas sp. cfo6. | sphingomonas sp. cfo6 (a member of the alpha group of proteobacteria) was isolated from a washington soil by enrichment on the insecticide carbofuran as a sole source of carbon and energy. this strain has been shown to harbor five plasmids, at least some of which are required for catabolism of carbofuran. rearrangements, deletions, and loss of individual plasmids resulting in the loss of the carbofuran-degrading phenotype were observed following treatment with heat or introduction of tn5. severa ... | 1997 | 9200220 |
| polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon bioremediation design. | many polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) are known to be mutagenic or carcinogenic, and their contamination in soil and aquifer is of great environmental concern. limited numbers of microorganisms including mycobacteria, sphingomonas and white rot fungi were found to be capable of degrading pahs with four or more fused aromatic rings. in white rot fungi, lignin peroxidases are believed to be involved in the degradation of pahs. in addition to these enzymes, p450 monooxygenases in some fungi ... | 1997 | 9206005 |
| diversity and association of psychrophilic bacteria in antarctic sea ice. | the bacterial populations associated with sea ice sampled from antarctic coastal areas were investigated by use of a phenotypic approach and a phylogenetic approach based on genes encoding 16s rrna (16s rdna). the diversity of bacteria associated with sea ice was also compared with the bacterial diversity of seawater underlying sea ice. psychrophilic (optimal growth temperature, < or = 15 degrees c; no growth occurring at 20 degrees c) bacterial diversity was found to be significantly enriched i ... | 1997 | 9251193 |
| glutathione s-transferase-encoding gene as a potential probe for environmental bacterial isolates capable of degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. | homologs of the glutathione s-transferase (gst)-encoding gene were identified in a collection of aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading sphingomonas spp. isolated from new zealand, antarctica, and the united states by using pcr primers designed from the gst-encoding gene of sphingomonas paucimobilis epa505. sequence analysis of pcr fragments generated from these isolates and of the gst gene amplified from dna extracted from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah)-contaminated soil revealed a high degree o ... | 1997 | 9251217 |
| molecular characterization of fdx1, a putidaredoxin-type [2fe-2s] ferredoxin able to transfer electrons to the dioxin dioxygenase of sphingomonas sp. rw1. | bacterium sphingomonas sp. strain rw1 is, under aerobic conditions, able to degrade dibenzofuran and dibenzo-p-dioxin. the first step of the pathway is performed by a ring-dihydroxylating enzyme. bunz and cook have reported the purification and characterization of this dioxin dioxygenase and a ferredoxin able to transfer electrons to the dioxygenase [bunz, p. v. & cook, a. m. (1993) j. bacteriol. 175, 6467-6475]. the gene encoding this [2fe-2s] ferredoxin was identified by screening a genomic li ... | 1997 | 9288905 |
| reduction of azo dyes by redox mediators originating in the naphthalenesulfonic acid degradation pathway of sphingomonas sp. strain bn6. | the anaerobic reduction of azo dyes by sphingomonas sp. strain bn6 was analyzed. aerobic conversion of 2-naphthalenesulfonate (2ns) by cells of strain bn6 stimulated the subsequent anaerobic reduction of the sulfonated azo dye amaranth at least 10-fold. in contrast, in crude extracts, the azo reductase activity was not stimulated. a mutant of strain bn6 which was not able to metabolize 2ns showed increased amaranth reduction rates only when the cells were resuspended in the culture supernatant o ... | 1997 | 9293019 |
| purification and characterization of a haloalkane dehalogenase of a new substrate class from a gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane-degrading bacterium, sphingomonas paucimobilis ut26. | the linb gene product (linb), 1,3,4,6-tetrachloro-1,4-cyclohexadiene halidohydrolase, which is involved in the degradation of gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane in sphingomonas paucimobilis ut26 (y. nagata, t. nariya, r. ohtomo, m. fukuda, k. yano, and m. takagi, j. bacteriol. 175:6403-6410, 1993), was overproduced in e. coli and purified to homogeneity. the molecular mass of linb was deduced to be 30 kda by gel filtration chromatography and 32 kda by electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacryl ... | 1997 | 9293022 |
| molecular cloning and expression of fatty acid alpha-hydroxylase from sphingomonas paucimobilis. | fatty acid alpha-hydroxylase (faah) catalyzes the initial reaction in alpha-oxidation of fatty acid to produce 2-hydroxy fatty acid. faah activity has been detected in a wide range of organisms from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. here, we describe cloning of the faah gene from sphingomonas paucimobilis, a sphingolipid- and 2-hydroxymyristic acid-rich bacterium. the isolated gene encoded 415 amino acids. a homology search revealed that amino acid sequences highly conserved in cytochrome p450 (p450) w ... | 1997 | 9295298 |
| phylogenetic characterization of bacteria in the subsurface microbial culture collection. | the subsurface microbial culture collection (smcc) was established by the u.s. dept. of energy (doe) and contains nearly 10,000 strains of microorganisms (mostly bacteria) isolated from terrestrial subsurface environments. selected groups of bacterial isolates from three sample sites situated above geochemically and hydrologically different subsurface environments have been characterized by phylogenetic analysis of 16s ribosomal rna (rrna) gene nucleotide sequences. among these isolates were mem ... | 1997 | 9299704 |
| evidence for the role of 2-hydroxychromene-2-carboxylate isomerase in the degradation of anthracene by sphingomonas yanoikuyae b1. | sphingomonas yanoikuyae b1 is extremely versatile in its catabolic ability. an insertional mutant strain, s. yamoikuyae ek504, which is unable to grow on naphthalene due to the loss of 2-hydroxychromene-2-carboxylate isomerase activity, was utilized to investigate the role of this enzyme in the degradation of anthracene by s. yanoikuyae b1. although ek504 is unable to grow on anthracene, this strain could transform anthracene to some extent. a metabolite in the degradation of anthracene by ek504 ... | 1997 | 9303884 |
| novel organization of catechol meta-pathway genes in sphingomonas sp. hv3 psky4 plasmid. | sphingomonas sp. strain hv3 (formerly pseudomonas sp. hv3), which degrades aromatics and chloroaromatics, harbors a mega-plasmid, psky4. a sequenced 4 kb fragment of the plasmid reveals a novel gene organization for catechol meta-pathway genes. the putative meta operon starts with the cmpf gene encoding a 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde hydrolase. the gene has a 6 bp overlap with the previously characterized ring-cleavage gene, catechol 2,3-dioxygenase, cmpe. downstream of cmpe is a 429 bp open re ... | 1997 | 9311141 |
| involvement of two alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases in enantioselective degradation of (r)- and (s)-mecoprop by sphingomonas herbicidovorans mh. | cell extracts of sphingomonas herbicidovorans mh grown on (r)-mecoprop contained an enzyme activity that selectively converted (r)-mecoprop to 4-chloro-2-methylphenol, whereas extracts of cells grown on (s)-mecoprop contained an enzyme activity selective for the s enantiomer. both reactions were dependent on alpha-ketoglutarate and ferrous ions. besides 4-chloro-2-methylphenol, pyruvate and succinate were detected as products of the reactions. labeling experiments with (18)o2 revealed that both ... | 1997 | 9352915 |
| immunochemical characterization of lipopolysaccharide from glucose-nonfermenting gram-negative clinical bacterial isolate. | a glucose-nonfermenting gram-negative bacterial strain isolated from bronchofiberoscope used for examination of the patients suffering from pulmonary diseases was subjected to phenol-water extraction. lipopolysaccharides (lps) isolated from the water and the phenol phase differed in fatty acid composition. both contained xylose, glucose, glucosamine and components typical for lps, namely heptose, 3-deoxyoctulosonic acid (kdo) and 3-hydroxymyristic acid. the presence of sphingosine in all lps pre ... | 1997 | 9360718 |
| production of xanthan gum by sphingomonas bacteria carrying genes from xanthomonas campestris. | twelve genes coding for assembly, acetylation, pyruvylation, polymerization, and secretion of the polysaccharide xanthan gum are clustered together on the chromosome of the bacterium xanthomonas campestris. these genes (gumbcdefghijklm) are sufficient for synthesis of xanthan gum when placed in bacteria from a different genus, sphingomonas. the polysaccharide from the recombinant microorganism is largely indistinguishable, structurally and functionally, from native xanthan gum. these results dem ... | 1997 | 9366091 |
| mutational analysis of pcpa and its role in pentachlorophenol degradation by sphingomonas (flavobacterium) chlorophenolica atcc 39723. | sphingomonas (flavobacterium) chlorophenolica atcc 39723 degrades pentachlorophenol (pcp) through a catabolic pathway encoded by multiple genes. one gene required for pcp degradation is pcpa, which encodes information for a 30-kda polypeptide, pcpa, found in the periplasm of the bacterium. the biological role of pcpa has remained unknown. we disrupted pcpa by replacing it with a defective copy through homologous recombination. the pcpa recombinant, mutant strains accumulated 2,6-dichlorohydroqui ... | 1997 | 9406403 |
| impact of inoculation protocols, salinity, and ph on the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) and survival of pah-degrading bacteria introduced into soil. | degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) and survival of bacteria in soil was investigated by applying different inoculation protocols. the soil was inoculated with sphingomonas paucimobilis ba 2 and strain bp 9, which are able to degrade anthracene and pyrene, respectively. cfu of soil bacteria and of the introduced bacteria were monitored in native and sterilized soil at different phs. introduction with mineral medium inhibited pah degradation by the autochthonous microflora and ... | 1998 | 9435090 |
| isolation and characterization of a marine bacterium capable of utilizing 2-methylphenanthrene. | a marine bacterium isolated from a coastal hydrocarbon-polluted sediment has been described and attributed on the basis of its phenotypic and genotypic characteristics to the genus sphingomonas sp. this strain was capable of using an alkylated phenanthrene 2-methylphenanthrene, as sole source of carbon and energy. in experiments, 2-methylphenanthrene (0.2 g/l) was added as crystals to the culture medium. after 5 days of aerobic growth at 30 degrees c, 70% was degraded and the complete dissipatio ... | 1997 | 9445537 |
| bacterial degradation of styrene in waste gases using a peat filter. | a biofiltration process was developed for styrene-containing off-gases using peat as filter material. the average styrene reduction ratio after 190 days of operation was 70% (max. 98%) and the mean styrene elimination capacity was 12 g m-3 h-1 (max. 30 g m-3 h-1). efficient styrene degradation required addition of nutrients to the peat, adjustment of the ph to a neutral level and efficient control of the humidity. maintenance of the water balance was easier in a down-flow than in an up-flow proc ... | 1997 | 9457801 |
| assignment of biochemical functions to glycosyl transferase genes which are essential for biosynthesis of exopolysaccharides in sphingomonas strain s88 and rhizobium leguminosarum. | glycosyl transferases which recognize identical substrates (nucleotide-sugars and lipid-linked carbohydrates) can substitute for one another in bacterial polysaccharide biosynthesis, even if the enzymes originate in different genera of bacteria. this substitution can be used to identify the substrate specificities of uncharacterized transferase genes. the spsk gene of sphingomonas strain s88 and the pssde genes of rhizobium leguminosarum were identified as encoding glucuronosyl-(b1-->4)-glucosyl ... | 1998 | 9457861 |
| characterization of marine temperate phage-host systems isolated from mamala bay, oahu, hawaii. | to understand the ecological and genetic role of viruses in the marine environment, it is critical to know the infectivity of viruses and the types of interactions that occur between marine viruses and their hosts. we isolated four marine phages from turbid plaques by using four indigenous bacterial hosts obtained from concentrated water samples from mamala bay, oahu, hawaii. two of the rod-shaped bacterial hosts were identified as sphingomonas paucimobilis and flavobacterium sp. all of the phag ... | 1998 | 9464390 |
| two-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy: a new tool for on-line bioprocess monitoring. | two-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy is presented as a new method for bioprocess monitoring. it covers a wide range of excitation and emission wavelengths and is a further development of the fluorescence measurements performed so far, which concentrated mainly on nad(p)h culture fluorescence. biogenic fluorophores such as proteins, coenzymes, and vitamins can simultaneously be detected qualitatively and quantitatively inside and outside the cells. this optical method is noninvasive, suitabl ... | 1998 | 9496670 |
| cloning and sequencing of the sphingomonas (pseudomonas) paucimobilis gene essential for the o demethylation of vanillate and syringate. | sphingomonas (pseudomonas) paucimobilis syk-6 is able to grow on 5,5'-dehydrodivanillic acid (ddva), syringate, vanillate, and other dimeric model compounds of lignin as a sole carbon source. nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis of s. paucimobilis syk-6 was performed, and two mutants with altered ddva degradation pathways were isolated. the mutant strain nt-1 could not degrade ddva, but could degrade syringate, vanillate, and 2,2',3'-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-5,5'-dicarboxybiphenyl (oh-ddva). strain dc-49 co ... | 1998 | 9501423 |
| microbial contamination of 'sterile water' used in japanese hospitals. | we examined the following samples of water from 10 hospitals for microbial contamination: water obtained using an ultra filtration system (uf water), a reverse osmosis system (ro water), a water distillation system (distilled water) and tap water. uf water and ro water are used for handwashing before surgery, and distilled water for the preparation of drugs. all 10 samples of tap water examined were contaminated with < 10 colony forming units (cfu)/ml. thirteen (68%) of 19 samples of uf water, n ... | 1998 | 9513069 |
| cloning and sequencing of a 2,5-dichlorohydroquinone reductive dehalogenase gene whose product is involved in degradation of gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane by sphingomonas paucimobilis. | sphingomonas (formerly pseudomonas) paucimobilis ut26 utilizes gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma-hch), a halogenated organic insecticide, as a sole carbon and energy source. in a previous study, we showed that gamma-hch is degraded to 2,5-dichlorohydroquinone (2,5-dchq) (y. nagata, r. ohtomo, k. miyauchi, m. fukuda, k. yano, and m. takagi, j. bacteriol. 176:3117-3125, 1994). in the present study, we cloned and characterized a gene, designated lind, directly involved in the degradation of 2,5-dc ... | 1998 | 9515900 |
| nosocomial infections caused by sphingomonas paucimobilis: clinical features and microbiological characteristics. | from january 1995 to september 1996, 14 isolates of sphingomonas paucimobilis, including 11 from clinical specimens from six patients with nosocomial infection and three from environmental sources, were collected. two of the six patients had intravascular catheter-related bacteremia and one each had bacteremic biliary tract infection, urinary tract infection, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and wound infection. the s. paucimobilis isolates were identified according to biochemical profiles estab ... | 1998 | 9524843 |
| molecular mechanisms of polymyxin b-membrane interactions: direct correlation between surface charge density and self-promoted transport. | we have studied the interaction of the polycationic peptide antibiotic polymyxin b (pmb) with asymmetric planar bilayer membranes via electrical measurements. the bilayers were of different compositions, including those of the lipid matrices of the outer membranes of various species of gram-negative bacteria. one leaflet, representing the bacterial inner leaflet, consisted of a phospholipid mixture (pl; phosphatidylethanolamine, -glycerol, and diphosphatidylglycerol in a molar ratio of 81:17:2). ... | 1998 | 9538506 |
| oxidation of methyl-substituted naphthalenes: pathways in a versatile sphingomonas paucimobilis strain | aromatic compounds with alkyl substituents are abundant in fossil fuels. these compounds become important environmental sources of soluble toxic products, developmental inhibitors, etc. principally through biological activities. to assess the effect of methyl substitution on the completeness of mineralization and accumulation of pathway products, an isolate from a phenanthrene enrichment culture, sphingomonas paucimobilis 2322, was used. washed cell suspensions containing cells grown on 2,6-dime ... | 1998 | 9572967 |
| [bacteremia by sphingomonas paucimobilis]. | | 1998 | 9586371 |