| [fool's parsley poisoning in goats. (author's transl)]. | | 1975 | 1162689 |
| ultrasound studies of the effects of certain poisonous plants on uterine function and fetal development in livestock. | ingestion of locoweed (astragalus spp. and oxytropis spp.) by pregnant livestock may result in fetal malformations, delayed placentation, reduced placental and uterine vascular development, hydrops amnii, hydrops allantois, abnormal cotyledonary development, interruption of fetal fluid balance, and abortion. ultrasonography of pregnant sheep fed locoweed demonstrated that abortion was first preceded by changes in fetal heart rate and strength of contraction and structural changes of the cotyledo ... | 1992 | 1526931 |
| congenital skeletal malformations and cleft palate induced in goats by ingestion of lupinus, conium and nicotiana species. | three piperidine alkaloid containing plants, conium maculatum (poison-hemlock), nicotiana glauca (tree tobacco) and lupinus formosus (lunara lupine), induced multiple congenital contractures (mcc) and palatoschisis in goat kids when their dams were gavaged with the plant during gestation days 30-60. the skeletal abnormalities included fixed extension or flexure of the carpal, tarsal, and fetlock joints, scoliosis, lordosis, torticollis and rib cage abnormalities. clinical signs of toxicity inclu ... | 1990 | 2089736 |
| hemlock (conium maculatum) poisoning in the pig. | | 1985 | 3992847 |
| coniine, a teratogenic principle from conium maculatum producing congenital malformations in calves. | | 1974 | 4851158 |
| [the attempts at drug therapy of cancer by anton störck (1731-1803). history of experimental pharmacology in the old vienna medical school]. | the essay deals with the development of medical research in vienna - especially the development of therapeutic drugs. this progress is related to the philosophical, historical, and political background of the enlightened absolutism and the reformatory efforts of van swieten during the regency of maria theresia in austria. anton störck's research on hemlock (conium maculatum) is used as an example. the method of störck's research-work is described. furthermore it is demonstrated to what extent st ... | 1982 | 7043908 |
| [neurological syndromes linked with the intake of plants and fungi containing a toxic component (i). neurotoxic syndromes caused by the ingestion of plants, seeds and fruits]. | a wide range of plants, seeds and fruits used for nutritional and medicinal purposes can give rise to neurotoxic symptoms. | 2003 | 12717675 |
| successful transplantation of donor organs from a hemlock poisoning victim. | the poison hemlock plant (conium maculatum) has been a known poison since early in human history, most notably as the agent used for the execution/suicide of socrates in ancient greece. no experience has been reported regarding the suitability of a hemlock victim's organs for transplantation. | 2003 | 14501872 |
| nicotinic plant poisoning. | a wide range of plants contain nicotinic and nicotinic-like alkaloids. of this diverse group, those that have been reported to cause human poisoning appear to have similar mechanisms of toxicity and presenting patients therefore have comparable toxidromes. this review describes the taxonomy and principal alkaloids of plants that contain nicotinic and nicotinic-like alkaloids, with particular focus on those that are toxic to humans. the toxicokinetics and mechanisms of toxicity of these alkaloids ... | 2009 | 19778187 |
| pharmacologically active plant metabolites as survival strategy products. | the fact that plant organisms produce chemical substances that are able to positively or negatively interfere with the processes which regulate human life has been common knowledge since ancient times. one of the numerous possible examples in the infusion of conium maculatum, better known as hemlock, a plant belonging to the family umbelliferae, used by the ancient egyptians to cure skin diseases. the current official pharmacopoeia includes various chemical substances produced by secondary plant ... | 2003 | 12705091 |
| potyviruses, novel and known, in cultivated and wild species of the family apiaceae in australia. | three potyviruses were identified by gene sequencing and found to be widespread in species of apiaceae in australia. only celery mosaic virus was found in celery crops and in one of 180 specimens of feral carrot ( daucus carota). another related but distinct novel potyvirus, carrot virus y, was the only virus found in carrot crops and all except one feral carrot. a more distantly related novel potyvirus, apium virus y, was found in plants of sea celery ( apium prostratum), cultivated parsley ( p ... | 2002 | 12376749 |
| biochemistry of hemlock (conium maculatum l.) alkaloids and their acute and chronic toxicity in livestock. a review. | the literature on conium maculatum biochemistry and toxicology, dispersed in a large number of scientific publications, has been put together in this review. c. maculatum is a weed known almost worldwide by its toxicity to many domestic animals and to human beings. it is an umbelliferae, characterized by long, hollow stems, reaching up to 2 m height at maturity, producing a large amount of lush foliage during its vegetative growth. its flowers are white, grouped in umbels formed by numerous umbe ... | 1999 | 10340826 |
| lupines, poison-hemlock and nicotiana spp: toxicity and teratogenicity in livestock. | many species of lupines contain quinolizidine or piperidine alkaloids known to be toxic or teratogenic to livestock. poison-hemlock (conium maculatum) and nicotiana spp. including n. tabacum and n. glauca contain toxic and teratogenic piperidine alkaloids. the toxic and teratogenic effects from these plant species have distinct similarities including maternal muscular weakness and ataxia and fetal contracture-type skeletal defects and cleft palate. it is believed that the mechanism of action of ... | 1999 | 10091132 |
| a novel toxic alkaloid from poison hemlock (conium maculatum l., apiaceae): identification, synthesis and antinociceptive activity. | 2-pentylpiperidine, named conmaculatin, a novel volatile alkaloid related to coniine was identified from the renowned toxic weed conium maculatum l. (apiaceae). the structure of conmaculatin was corroborated by synthesis (8 steps starting from cyclohexanol, overall yield 12%). conmaculatin's strong peripheral and central antinociceptive activity in mice was observed in a narrow dose range (10-20mg/kg). it was found to be lethal in doses higher than 20mg/kg. | 2011 | 22063758 |
| poisonous plants in new zealand: a review of those that are most commonly enquired about to the national poisons centre. | new zealand has a number of plants, both native and introduced, contact with which can lead to poisoning. the new zealand national poisons centre (nznpc) frequently receives enquiries regarding exposures to poisonous plants. poisonous plants can cause harm following inadvertent ingestion, via skin contact, eye exposures or inhalation of sawdust or smoked plant matter. | 2012 | 23321887 |
| comparison of nicotinic receptor binding and biotransformation of coniine in the rat and chick. | coniine, an alkaloid from conium maculatum (poison hemlock), is a known teratogen in many domestic species with maternal ingestion resulting in arthrogryposis of the offspring. we have previously shown that rats are not susceptible and rabbits only weakly susceptible to coniine-induced arthrogryposis. however, the chick embryo does provide a reproducible laboratory animal model of coniine-induced teratogenesis. the reason for this cross-species variation is unknown. the purpose of this study was ... | 1996 | 9001585 |
| evaluation of developmental toxicity of coniine to rats and rabbits. | conium maculatum (poison hemlock, cm) is teratogenic in several domestic species, presumably due to its piperidine alkaloids, including coniine, which has been verified to be teratogenic in cattle. coniine/cm teratogenicity culminates in production of arthrogryposis. the purpose of this study was to evaluate coniine-induced teratogenicity in two laboratory animal species, sprague-dawley rats and new zealand white rabbits. pregnant rats were given coniine (25 mg/kg body weight) by oral gavage at ... | 1993 | 8351649 |
| effect of coniine on the developing chick embryo. | coniine, an alkaloid from conium maculatum (poison hemlock), has been shown to be teratogenic in livestock. the major teratogenic outcome is arthrogryposis, presumably due to nicotinic receptor blockade. however, coniine has failed to produce arthrogryposis in rats or mice and is only weakly teratogenic in rabbits. the purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of coniine and nicotine in the developing chick. concentrations of coniine and nicotine sulfate were 0.015%, 0.03%, 0 ... | 1994 | 8073369 |
| [plant poisoning cases in turkey]. | in turkey, the majority of the population live in rural areas where they use wild plants as food and medicine. the confusion of an edible plant with a poisonous one give rise to serious poisoning which may even result in death. the incidence of plant poisoning in turkey is about 6% and especially high among children between ages of 2 and 11 living in rural areas. the number of species that cause poisoning is around twenty and hyoscyamus niger (solanaceae), colchicum species (liliaceae), conium m ... | 1994 | 7857034 |
| congenital skeletal malformations induced by maternal ingestion of conium maculatum (poison hemlock) in newborn pigs. | skeletal malformations were induced in newborn pigs from gilts fed conium maculatum seed or plant during gestation days 43 through 53 and 51 through 61. the teratogenic effects in groups dosed during gestation days 43 through 53 were more severe than those in groups dosed during the later period, with many newborn pigs showing arthrogryposis and twisted and malaligned bones in the limbs and with 1 pig showing scoliosis and deformity of the thoracic cage. the pigs born to gilts given c maculatum ... | 1985 | 4062008 |
| the effect of intermittent dosing of nicotiana glauca on teratogenesis in goats. | sustained inhibition of fetal movement in livestock species, induced by several poisonous plants, can result in numerous skeletal-contracture malformations. lupines are responsible for a condition in cattle referred to as "crooked calf syndrome" that occurs when pregnant cattle graze teratogenic lupines. similar malformations are also seen in animals poisoned by conium maculatum (coniine) and nicotiana glauca (anabasine). a proposed management strategy to limit these types of birth defects inclu ... | 2015 | 25451537 |
| piperidine alkaloids: human and food animal teratogens. | piperidine alkaloids are acutely toxic to adult livestock species and produce musculoskeletal deformities in neonatal animals. these teratogenic effects include multiple congenital contracture (mcc) deformities and cleft palate in cattle, pigs, sheep, and goats. poisonous plants containing teratogenic piperidine alkaloids include poison hemlock (conium maculatum), lupine (lupinus spp.), and tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) [including wild tree tobacco (nicotiana glauca)]. there is abundant epidemiolo ... | 2012 | 22449544 |
| induction of cleft palate in newborn pigs by maternal ingestion of poison hemlock (conium maculatum). | cleft palates were induced in newborn pigs of gilts fed conium maculatum seed or plant during gestation days 30 through 45. twelve of 23 newborn pigs born to 3 gilts given utah-grown c maculatum seed and 9 of 12 newborn pigs born to a single gilt given the fresh utah spring-growth c maculatum plant had cleft palates. the cleft palates ranged from a unilateral cleft, involving only 1 side of the palate, to a full bilateral cleft. brachygnathia was also observed in some of these newborn pigs with ... | 1985 | 4026015 |
| fetal muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation in te-671 cells and inhibition of fetal movement in a day 40 pregnant goat model by optical isomers of the piperidine alkaloid coniine. | coniine is an optically active toxic piperidine alkaloid and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nachr) agonist found in poison hemlock (conium maculatum l.). coniine teratogenicity is hypothesized to be attributable to the binding, activation, and prolonged desensitization of fetal muscle-type nachr, which results in the complete inhibition of fetal movement. however, pharmacological evidence of coniine actions at fetal muscle-type nachr is lacking. the present study compared (-)-coniine, (+)-con ... | 2013 | 23086230 |
| maternal and fetal toxicity of poison hemlock (conium maculatum) in sheep. | poison hemlock (conium maculatum) was toxic to pregnant ewes and their fetuses when fed during gestation days 30 through 60. maternal effects included trembling, muscular weakness in the neck initially, then progressing to the limbs, ataxia, frequent urination and defecation, and death. convulsive seizures were not observed. fetotoxic effects included excessive flexure of the carpal joints with lateral deviation in the front limbs and kinked tails. at term, 7 of 11 lambs had varying degrees of t ... | 1988 | 3348538 |
| toxicoses in livestock from the hemlocks (conium and cicuta spp.). | the hemlocks, conium maculatum (poison-hemlock) and cicuta spp. (waterhemlock), are poisonous plants that cause sizeable losss to the livestock industry. clinical signs of poisonhemlock toxicosis are similar in all species of livestock and include muscular weakness, incordination, trembling, initial central nervous system stimulation, depression and death from respiratory paralysis. poison-hemlock also causes skeletal defects in the offspring of cattle, pigs and sheep and cleft palate in pigs wh ... | 1988 | 3049497 |
| radio ultrasound observations of the fetotoxic effects in sheep from ingestion of conium maculatum (poison-hemlock). | fetal movement in pregnant ewes gavaged with conium maculatum (poison-hemlock) was reduced significantly, but temporarily. fetal movement was observed by radio ultrasound at 45, 54 and 60 days of gestation in control ewes and on days 45, 54, and 60 of gestation immediately before and 1 hour following poison-hemlock feeding in treated ewes. fetal movement was significantly reduced (p less than 0.01) 1 hour after poison-hemlock administration, but returned to normal within 18 hours post treatment. ... | 1988 | 3047418 |
| comparative toxicity of coniine, an alkaloid of conium maculatum (poison hemlock), in chickens, quails, and turkeys. | coniine, an alkaloid of conium maculatum (poison hemlock), was administered by gavage to immature chickens, quails, and turkeys at 0, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight. at 25 mg coniine/kg body weight, clinical signs were observed only in quails (2/10) and consisted of excitement, depression, hypermetria, seizures, opisthotonos, and flaccid paralysis. chickens (9/10) and quails (8/10) dosed at 50 mg/kg body weight were affected, and several birds of each species died (2/10 and 5/10, respectively ... | 1990 | 2369382 |
| toxicosis in dairy cattle exposed to poison hemlock (conium maculatum) in hay: isolation of conium alkaloids in plants, hay, and urine. | cattle in two herds developed signs of bloating, increased salivation and lacrimation, depression, respiratory distress, ataxia, and death after ingestion of hay that contained large amounts of poison hemlock (conium maculatum). twenty of 30 angus cows and calves were affected in the first herd (2 died). in the second herd, 5 of 30 holstein heifers were affected (1 died). the conium alkaloids, coniine and gamma-coniceine, were quantified in the hay, the plants from the responsible hayfield, and ... | 1992 | 1554771 |
| congenital deformities in pigs possibly associated with exposure to hemlock (conium maculatum). | | 1977 | 888298 |
| teratogenic effects in cattle of conium maculatum and conium alkaloids and analogs. | the plant conium maculatum produced congenital defects in calves born to cows gavaged the fresh green plant during days 50-75 of gestation. both arthrogryposis and spinal curvature were produced and were similar to the defects produced by the piperidine alkaloid coniine. the arthrogrypotic manifestations of the condition markedly increased in severity as the animals aged. animals gavaged dry plant had either normal or equivocally deformed offspring. a number of chain length and ring saturation a ... | 1978 | 630821 |
| actions of piperidine alkaloid teratogens at fetal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. | teratogenic alkaloids are found in many species of plants including conium maculatum l., nicotiana glauca, nicotiana tabaccum, and multiple lupinus spp. fetal musculoskeletal defects produced by alkaloids from these plants include arthrogyropisis, scoliosis, torticollis, kyposis, lordosis, and cleft palate. a pharmacodynamic comparison of the alkaloids ammodendrine, anabasine, anabaseine, anagyrine, and coniine in sh-sy5y cells and te-671 cells was made. these alkaloids and their enantiomers wer ... | 2010 | 20116429 |
| [evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of extracts from siberian plants]. | experimental investigations have shown that water-alcohol extracts from plants containing alkaloids (aconitum baikalense, aconitum septentrionale, delphinium elatum l., conium maculatum) and salicylic acid (filipendula ulmaria, salix viminalis, fragaria vesca, rubus idaeus) inhibited the development of main symptoms of inflammation, viz. exudation, pain, fever, to the same extent as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. the substances studied in this work may be used to develop new efficient p ... | 2009 | 20017405 |
| stereoselective potencies and relative toxicities of coniine enantiomers. | coniine, one of the major toxic alkaloids present in poison hemlock ( conium maculatum), occurs in two optically active forms. a comparison of the relative potencies of (+)- and (-)-coniine enantiomers has not been previously reported. in this study, we separated the enantiomers of coniine and determined the biological activity of each enantiomer in vitro and in vivo. the relative potencies of these enantiomers on te-671 cells expressing human fetal nicotinic neuromuscular receptors had the rank ... | 2008 | 18763813 |
| effects of homeopathic preparations on human prostate cancer growth in cellular and animal models. | the use of dietary supplements for various ailments enjoys unprecedented popularity. as part of this trend, sabal serrulata (saw palmetto) constitutes the complementary treatment of choice with regard to prostate health. in homeopathy, sabal serrulata is commonly prescribed for prostate problems ranging from benign prostatic hyperplasia to prostate cancer. the authors' work assessed the antiproliferative effects of homeopathic preparations of sabal serrulata, thuja occidentalis, and conium macul ... | 2006 | 17101766 |
| effect of homeopathic treatment on gene expression in copenhagen rat tumor tissues. | increasing evidence suggests that the inability to undergo apoptosis is an important factor in the development and progression of prostate cancer. agents that induce apoptosis may inhibit tumor growth and provide therapeutic benefit. in a recent study, the authors found that certain homeopathic treatments produced anticancer effects in an animal model. in this study, the authors examined the immunomodulating and apoptotic effects of these remedies. materials and | 2006 | 17101764 |
| occurrence of neonatal and postnatal mortality in range beef cattle. ii. factors contributing to calf death. | results are summarized of necropsy findings from 798 calves lost from birth to weaning over a 15-yr period. autopsies determined cause of death and ascertained anatomical normalcy of the skeletal, musculature and organ systems and functinal status of the lungs. of the 798 calves, 77.7% were anatomically normal and 22.3% were abnormal (p < 0.01) and 75.0% of the total deaths of abnormal calves occurred by day 2 postpartum. birth weights of normal calves averaged 4.2 kg heavier (p < 0.05) than tha ... | 1987 | 16726340 |
| hemlock alkaloids from socrates to poison aloes. | hemlock (conium maculatum l. umbelliferae) has long been known as a poisonous plant. toxicity is due to a group of piperidine alkaloids of which the representative members are coniine and gamma-coniceine. the latter is the more toxic and is the first formed biosynthetically. its levels in relation to coniine vary widely according to environmental conditions and to provenance of the plants. surprisingly, these piperidine alkaloids have turned up in quite unrelated species in the monocotyledons as ... | 2005 | 15955542 |
| poison hemlock (conium maculatum l.). | one of the most poisonous species amongst higher plants is conium maculatum. it is a very common nitrophile weed species, belonging to the apiaceae (formerly umbelliferae) family. it contains some piperidine alkaloids (coniine, n-methyl-coniine, conhydrine, pseudoconhydrine, gamma-coniceine), which are formed by the cyclisation of an eight-carbon chain derived from four acetate units. gamma-coniceine is the precursor of the other hemlock alkaloids. all vegetative organs, flowers and fruits conta ... | 2004 | 15234067 |
| look what i found! poison hunting on ebay. | many substances deemed too dangerous for commercial use are still available to the general public. the purchase of these substances may potentially place members of the general public at risk for serious poisonings. this study was designed to document the large variety of dangerous poisons readily available on a popular online auction web site. methods. over a 10-month period, the online auction web site ebays was searched daily using the terms "poison" and "contents." product name, active ingre ... | 2005 | 16235512 |
| arthropod assemblages on native and nonnative plant species of a coastal reserve in california. | biological invasions by nonnative plant species are a widespread phenomenon. many studies have shown strong ecological impacts of plant invasions on native plant communities and ecosystem processes. far fewer studies have examined effects on associated animal communities. from the perspective of a reserve's land management, i addressed the question of whether arthropod assemblages on two nonnative plant species of concern were impoverished compared with those assemblages associated with two pred ... | 2010 | 20550788 |
| the low-dose combination preparation vertigoheel activates cyclic nucleotide pathways and stimulates vasorelaxation. | vertigo of various and often unknown aetiologies has been associated with and attributed to impaired microvascular perfusion in the inner ear or the vertebrobasilar system. vertigoheel is a low-dose combination preparation of proven value in the symptomatic treatment of vertigo. in the present study we tested the hypothesis that vertigoheel's anti-vertiginous properties may in part be due to a vasodilatory effect exerted via stimulation of the adenylate and/or guanylate cyclase pathways. thus, t ... | 2010 | 20852360 |
| favorable fragmentation: river reservoirs can impede downstream expansion of riparian weeds. | river valleys represent biologically rich corridors characterized by natural disturbances that create moist and barren sites suitable for colonization by native riparian plants, and also by weeds. dams and reservoirs interrupt the longitudinal corridors and we hypothesized that this could restrict downstream weed expansion. to consider this "reservoir impediment" hypothesis we assessed the occurrences and abundances of weeds along a 315-km river valley corridor that commenced with an unimpounded ... | 2010 | 20945766 |
| acute respiratory arrest following hemlock (conium maculatum) intoxication. | | 2002 | 12217006 |
| ingestion of poison hemlock (conium maculatum). | | 1995 | 8553650 |
| hemlock: murder before the lord. | two healthy young men were killed by a plume of hemlock (conium maculatum) emitted when contaminated incense was vaporized during religious rites about the middle of the thirteenth century bc. | 1994 | 7830518 |
| screening of alkaloidal fraction of conium maculatum l. aerial parts for analgesic and antiinflammatory activity. | conium maculatum linn. (umbelliferae) has been traditionally used in the treatment of spasmodic disorders, and to relieve nervous excitation, rheumatic pains in the old and feeble, pain in stomach, pain of gastric ulcer, nervousness and restlessness. alkaloids have long been considered as bioactive group of constituents present in c. maculatum. despite a long tradition of use, c. maculatum has not been evaluated pharmacologically to validate its traditional claims for analgesic and antiinflammat ... | 2012 | 23716876 |
| highly diluted medication reduces tissue parasitism and inflammation in mice infected by trypanosoma cruzi. | to evaluate the effects of kalium causticum, conium maculatum, and lycopodium clavatum 13ch in mice infected by trypanosoma cruzi. | 2016 | 27211326 |
| biotransformations with plant tissue cultures. | suspension cultures of catharanthus roseus, apocynum cannabinum and conium maculatum were examined for their capacity to transform aniline, anisole, acetanilide, benzoic acid and coumarin. none of the cultures transformed acetanilide but each produced acetanilide when fed aniline. all three cultures converted benzoic acid to its para-hydroxy derivative. coumarin was selectively hydroxylated at the 7-position by catharanthus and conium and anisole was o-demethylated only by older catharanthus tis ... | 2006 | 1084950 |
| enzymic synthesis of γ-coniceine in conium maculatum chloroplasts and mitochondria. | further studies of the transaminase responsible for the first committed step in alkaloid formation in conium maculatum have shown the l-alanine: 5-ketooctanal transaminase to occur in both the mitochondria and chloroplast. experiments suggest that these enzymes are the isoenzymes transaminase a and b respectively previously isolated by the author. it is suggested that the chloroplast enzyme is normally responsible for alkaloid production. | 1981 | 24258745 |
| proceedings: alkaloid biosynthesis and gamma-coniceine reductase in conium maculatum l. | | 1975 | 2764 |
| biosynthesis of coniine from octanoic acid in hemlock plants (conium maculatum). | | 1970 | 5422776 |
| the biosynthesis of conium alkaloids. identification of a novel nonnitrogenous base from conium maculatum as 3-formyl-4-hydroxy-2h-pyran. | | 1969 | 5346396 |
| pharmacological actions of hemlock (conium maculatum) alkaloids. | | 1963 | 14014656 |
| [medicinal and poisonous plants. ii. conium maculatum]. | | 1961 | 14462498 |
| the determination of the alkaloids of conium maculatum by paper chromatography. | | 1959 | 13821342 |
| the alkaloids of hemlock (conium maculatum l.). distribution in relation to the development of the fruit. | | 1959 | 13821341 |
| the separation, micro-estimation and distribution of the alkaloids of hemlock (conium maculatum l.). | | 1956 | 13363836 |
| [ninhydrin reactions with natural alkaloids of hemlock (conium maculatum l.)]. | | 1954 | 13204155 |
| the death of socrates. a historical and experimental study on the actions of coniine and conium maculatum. | | 1950 | 14777599 |
| alkaloid-containing plants poisonous to cattle and horses in europe. | alkaloids, nitrogen-containing secondary plant metabolites, are of major interest to veterinary toxicology because of their occurrence in plant species commonly involved in animal poisoning. based on epidemiological data, the poisoning of cattle and horses by alkaloid-containing plants is a relatively common occurrence in europe. poisoning may occur when the plants contaminate hay or silage or when forage alternatives are unavailable. cattle and horses are particularly at risk of poisoning by co ... | 2015 | 26670251 |
| effects of elemental sulphur on heavy metal uptake by plants growing on municipal sewage sludge. | in this study experiment was carried out to determine the phytoextraction potential of six plant species (conium maculatum, brassica oleraceae var. oleraceae, brassica juncea, datura stramonium, pelargonium hortorum and conyza canadensis) grown in a sewage sludge medium amended with metal uptake promoters. the solubility of cu, cd and pb was significantly increased with the application of elemental s due to decrease of ph. faecal coliform number was markedly decreased by addition of elemental su ... | 2016 | 26496839 |
| the effect of coniine on presynaptic nicotinic receptors. | toxicity of coniine, an alkaloid of conium maculatum (poison hemlock), is manifested by characteristic nicotinic clinical signs including excitement, depression, hypermetria, seizures, opisthotonos via postsynaptic nicotinic receptors. there is limited knowledge about the role of presynaptic nicotinic receptors on the pharmacological and toxicological effects of coniine in the literature. the present study was undertaken to evaluate the possible role of presynaptic nicotinic receptors on the pha ... | 2016 | 27107833 |
| metabolite profiling of the carnivorous pitcher plants darlingtonia and sarracenia. | sarraceniaceae is a new world carnivorous plant family comprising three genera: darlingtonia, heliamphora, and sarracenia. the plants occur in nutrient-poor environments and have developed insectivorous capability in order to supplement their nutrient uptake. sarracenia flava contains the alkaloid coniine, otherwise only found in conium maculatum, in which its biosynthesis has been studied, and several aloe species. its ecological role and biosynthetic origin in s. flava is speculative. the aim ... | 2017 | 28222171 |
| intravenous poison hemlock injection resulting in prolonged respiratory failure and encephalopathy. | poison hemlock (conium maculatum) is a common plant with a significant toxicity. data on this toxicity is sparse as there have been few case reports and never a documented poisoning after intravenous injection. | 2017 | 28168558 |
| a note on conium maculatum l., the plant that defeated alexander the great. | | 2014 | 24905572 |
| hemlock (conium maculatum) poisoning in a child. | poison hemlock (conium maculatum) is a plant that is poisonous for humans and animals. accidental ingestion of the plant may result in central nervous system depression, respiratory failure, acute rhabdomyolysis, acute renal failure and even death. the main treatment of hemlock poisoning is supportive care. the case of a 6-year-old girl who was admitted to the emergency department with complaints of burning sensation in mouth, hypersalivation, tremor in hands and ataxia after ingestion of poison ... | 2014 | 27331163 |
| stereoselective potencies and relative toxicities of γ-coniceine and n-methylconiine enantiomers. | γ-coniceine, coniine, and n-methylconiine are toxic alkaloids present in poison hemlock (conium maculatum). we previously reported the comparison of the relative potencies of (+)- and (-)-coniine enantiomers. in this study, we synthesized γ-coniceine and the enantiomers of n-methylconiine and determined the biological activity of γ-coniceine and each of the n-methylconiine enantiomers in vitro and in vivo. the relative potencies of these piperidine alkaloids on cells expressing human fetal muscl ... | 2013 | 23514442 |
| poison hemlock-induced respiratory failure in a toddler. | the ingestion of poison hemlock, or conium maculatum, is described in a 2-year-old boy. he had the onset of abdominal pain and weakness after being fed c. maculatum picked by his sister from the roadside 2 hours earlier. he had a rapidly progressive muscular weakness and was intubated for respiratory failure. his symptoms completely resolved within 24 hours of the ingestion. conium maculatum is a common weed that causes toxicity by its primary toxin, coniine, which stimulates nicotinic receptors ... | 2009 | 19915429 |
| [child poisoning after ingestion of a wild apiaceae: a case report]. | apiaceae family (formerly umbelliferae) contains several highly toxic species, including poison hemlock (conium maculatum), water hemlock (cicuta virosa) and hemlock water dropwort (oenanthe crocata) which are the three main poisonous apiaceae species growing in france. thinking he was identifying wild carrots, an 11-year-old boy without previous history ingested the root from a wild apiaceae. one hour later, he was confused, had drowsiness, headache as well as abdominal pain, vomiting and diarr ... | 2008 | 18206356 |
| homeopathic medicines do not alter growth and gene expression in prostate and breast cancer cells in vitro. | homeopathy is an alternative medical system practiced in all parts of the world. although several theories are proposed to explain the mechanisms of action, none are scientifically verified. in this study, the authors investigate the effect of selected homeopathic remedies often used to treat prostate and breast cancer. | 2006 | 17101765 |
| rapid in situ detection of alkaloids in plant tissue under ambient conditions using desorption electrospray ionization. | desorption electrospray ionization (desi) mass spectrometry is applied to the in situ detection of alkaloids in the tissue of poison hemlock (conium maculatum), jimsonweed (datura stramonium) and deadly nightshade (atropa belladonna). the experiment is carried out by electrospraying micro-droplets of solvent onto native or freshly-cut plant tissue surfaces. no sample preparation is required and the mass spectra are recorded under ambient conditions, in times of a few seconds. the impact of the s ... | 2005 | 16284661 |
| geographic variation in alkaloid production in conium maculatum populations experiencing differential herbivory by agonopterix alstroemeriana. | conium maculatum, a eurasian weed naturalized in north america, contains high concentrations of piperidine alkaloids that act as chemical defenses against herbivores. c. maculatum was largely free from herbivory in the united states, until approximately 30 yr ago, when it was reassociated via accidental introduction with a monophagous european herbivore, the oecophorid caterpillar agonopterix alstroemeriana. at present, a. alstroemeriana is found in a continuum of reassociation time and intensit ... | 2005 | 16222803 |
| [poisonous and less poisonous plants. conium maculatum and cicuta virosa]. | | 2003 | 16134668 |
| antifeedant compounds from three species of apiaceae active against the field slug, deroceras reticulatum (muller). | extracts of volatiles from foliage of three plants in the apiaceae, conium maculatum l. (hemlock), coriandrum sativum l. (coriander), and petroselinum crispum mill. (nym.) (parsley), previously shown to exhibit antifeedant activity in assays with the field slug, deroceras reticulatum (muller) (limacidae: pulmonata), were studied further to identify the active components. coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) and neurophysiological assays using tentacle nerve preparations resulted ... | 2004 | 15139308 |
| conium maculatum (poison hemlock) toxicosis in a flock of range turkeys. | five 20-week-old tom turkeys from a flock of range turkeys were presented for examination; the flock had a history of salivation, tremors, paralysis, and increased mortality. necropsy revealed numerous seeds identified as seeds from conium maculatum (poison hemlock) within the crop, proventriculus, and gizzard. histopathologic alterations were limited to catarrhal enteritis. clinical signs of conium maculatum toxicosis abated after the turkeys were removed from their range, which was infested wi ... | 2008 | 3619833 |
| keats, socrates and fool's parsley--water hemlock poisoning. | | 1985 | 3856750 |
| hemlock alkaloids in aloes. occurrence and distribution of gamma-coniceine. | the hemlock alkaloid gamma-coniceine was identified in a number of aloe species, namely a. gillilandii, reynolds a. ballyi reynolds, a. ruspoliana baker, a. ibitiensis perrier and a. deltoideodonta baker. coniine was identified in a. viguieri perrier. the levels of gamma-coniceine are higher than those found in conium maculatum l. some species also contained trace amounts of conhydrinone and pseudoconhydrin. three of the species are madagascan endemics, one is restricted to arabia, while the res ... | 1984 | 17340347 |
| molecular evolution of flavonoid dioxygenases in the family apiaceae. | plant species of the family apiaceae are known to accumulate flavonoids mainly in the form of flavones and flavonols. three 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, flavone synthase or flavanone 3 beta-hydroxylase and flavonol synthase are involved in the biosynthesis of these secondary metabolites. the corresponding genes were cloned recently from parsley (petroselinum crispum) leaves. flavone synthase i appears to be confined to the apiaceae, and the unique occurrence as well as its high sequenc ... | 2005 | 15913674 |
| homeopathic treatment of overweight and obesity in pregnant women with mental disorders: a double-blind, controlled clinical trial. | context • worldwide, 35 million people suffer from obesity. mental disorders have been associated with being overweight or obese. considerable evidence has shown a correlation between stress and the use of homeopathy and stress and obesity. however, few studies have examined the relationship between weight loss and homeopathic treatment of obesity. objective • the study intended to evaluate the efficacy of a homeopathic treatment in preventing excessive weight gain during pregnancy in overweight ... | 2016 | 27866182 |
| polyketide synthases from poison hemlock (conium maculatum l.). | coniine is a toxic alkaloid, the biosynthesis of which is not well understood. a possible route, supported by evidence from labelling experiments, involves a polyketide formed by the condensation of one acetyl-coa and three malonyl-coas catalysed by a polyketide synthase (pks). we isolated pks genes or their fragments from poison hemlock (conium maculatum l.) by using random amplification of cdna ends (race) and transcriptome analysis, and characterized three full-length enzymes by feeding diffe ... | 2015 | 26260860 |
| anticancer potential of conium maculatum extract against cancer cells in vitro: drug-dna interaction and its ability to induce apoptosis through ros generation. | conium maculatum extract is used as a traditional medicine for cervix carcinoma including homeopathy. however, no systematic work has so far been carried out to test its anti-cancer potential against cervix cancer cells in vitro. thus, in this study, we investigated whether ethanolic extract of conium is capable of inducing cytotoxicity in different normal and cancer cell lines including an elaborate study in hela cells. | 2014 | 25298670 |
| distribution of chromium species in a cr-polluted soil: presence of cr(iii) in glomalin related protein fraction. | the accumulation of cr in soil could be highly toxic to human health; therefore cr soil distribution was studied in rhizosphere soils from ricinus communis and conium maculatum and bare soil (bs) from an industrial and urban area in argentina. total cr, cr(vi) and cr(iii) concentrations were determined in 3 soil fractions: total, extractable and associated to total-glomalin-related protein (t-grsp). bs had the highest total cr and total cr(vi) concentrations. total cr(vi) concentration from both ... | 2014 | 25000578 |
| response to letter to the editor regarding "a note on conium maculatum l., the plant that defeated alexander the great" in clinical toxicology 2014: (doi: 10.3109/15563650.2013.870341). | | 2014 | 24940648 |