| assay of nitrogenase activity in intact plant systems. | nitrogenase activity was assayed in intact system of cichorium intybus, a non-leguminous commercially cultivated crop, dahlia pinnata and helianthus annus, and taraxacum officinale, a common weed plant. the assay was made in fabricated cylinders which could accomodate pot with plants. in such kind of assay along with rhizosphere microflora, the nitrogen fixed by phyllosphere nitrogen fixing microflora could also be accounted, which otherwise was difficult to be accounted for. | 1975 | 1211718 |
| vegetables as a source of infection with pseudomonas aeruginosa in a university and oncology hospital of rio de janeiro. | samples of fresh vegetables fed to patients in an oncology and a university hospital were examined for frequency of recovery and counts of pseudomonas aeruginosa. thirty-eight isolates from vegetables as well as 98 clinical isolates recovered during the same period of vegetable collection were serotyped and assayed for pyocin production in order to evaluate the role of vegetables as a source of microorganisms. pseudomonas aeruginosa was recovered from 19.0% of the vegetable samples. although 1% ... | 1991 | 1682368 |
| nucleotide sequence and structural analysis of two satellite rnas associated with chicory yellow mottle virus. | the two satellite rnas associated with cymv infections were sequenced. the larger (scymv-l1) has only linear molecules 1145 nucleotides long, a poly(a) tail, a long open reading frame (orf) coding for a protein of mr 39,636 resembling in composition those of other large nepovirus satellite rnas, a 5' leader sequence of 16 nucleotides and a 3' non-coding region of 40 nucleotides. in vitro translation of scymv-l1 yielded a protein product with a size that corresponded to that predicted from the se ... | 1990 | 1698918 |
| mutagenic activity of south indian food items. | dietary components and food dishes commonly consumed in south india were screened for their mutagenic activity. kesari powder, calamus oil, palm drink, toddy and kewra essence were found to be strongly mutagenic; garlic, palm oil, arrack, onion and pyrolysed portions of bread toast, chicory powder were weakly mutagenic, while tamarind and turmeric were not. certain salted, sundried and oil fried food items were also mutagenic. cissus quadrangularis was mutagenic, while 'decoctions' of cumin seed ... | 1991 | 1769715 |
| high propionic acid fermentations and mineral accumulation in the cecum of rats adapted to different levels of inulin. | the digestive and metabolic effects of inulin (from chicory) were studied in rats adapted to semipurified diets containing 0, 5, 10 or 20% inulin (wt/wt). moderate levels of inulin (5-10%) did not significantly affect food intake or body weight gain. dietary inulin resulted in considerably greater cecal fermentation and a significantly greater intraluminal concentration of propionate (peaking at 58.4 mmol/l). a lower concentration of acetate (42.6 mmol/l) was observed in rats fed 20% inulin. lac ... | 1991 | 1941180 |
| [gram-negative flora of horticultural produce destined for consumption mainly in the raw state]. | a survey has been carried out to evaluate the recovery of enterobacteriaceae in freshly consumed horticultural products. 64 samples of these vegetables random chosen in different stores in the general vegetable market of ferrara have been examined among the families of compositae (lettuce, prickly lettuce, cabbage lettuce, common chicory, artichoke), umbrelliferae (curly parsley, carrot, celery, fennel), cruciferae (garden cabbage, red radish), liliaceae (onion), and solanaceae (tomato). 654 bac ... | 1989 | 2483908 |
| [organic acids in vegetables. i. brassica, leaf and bulb vegetables as well as carrots and celery]. | 18 german vegetable species were analyzed for their organic acid content. organic acids were isolated by methanol extraction followed by ion exchange. after derivatisation with bsa the trimethylsilyl derivatives were analyzed by gas chromatography using se-52 and ov-1701 glass capillaries. the predominate acids are malic and citric acid, and in most cases malic acid was the most abundant. succinic, fumaric, and quinic acids are wide spread, tartaric acid was found in carrots, lettuce, endives, c ... | 1985 | 4002860 |
| analysis of the linkage positions in d-fructofuranosyl residues by the reductive-cleavage method. | the suitability of the reductive-cleavage method for analysis of the linkage positions in d-fructofuranosyl residues of d-fructans was examined by using sucrose, chicory-root inulin, and aerobacter levanicum levan as models. permethylation, and reductive cleavage with triethylsilane in the presence of either boron trifluoride etherate or trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate, gave the expected methylated derivatives of 2,5-anhydro-d-mannitol and 2,5-anhydro-d-glucitol. with either catalyst, n ... | 1984 | 6488201 |
| [yersinia enterocolitica: biotypes and serotypes isolated from horticultural products]. | a survey has been carried out for the presence of yersinia enterocolitica (y.e.) in horticultural products. 100 samples of these vegetables have been examined among the families of compositae (lettuce, prickly lettuce, cabbage lettuce, common chicory, artichoke), umbrelliferae (curly parsley, carrot, celery, fennel), cruciferae (garden cabbage, red radish), liliaceae (onion), and solanaceae (tomato). 12 strains have been recorded in carrots (serotype 0:6.30), 1 strain in curly parsley (0:4.32), ... | 1983 | 6661289 |
| [first isolation of yersinia enterocolitica in several horticultural products intended usually to be consumed fresh]. | a survey has been carried out for the presence of yersinia enterocolitica in horticultural products. 60 samples of these vegetables have been examined among the families of compositae (lettuce, prickly lettuce, cabbage lettuce, common chicory), ombrelliferae (curly parsley, carrot, celery, fennel) and crociferae (garden cabbage). this is the first isolation of y.e. from horticultural products, being recorded 7 strains from carrots (serotype 0:6,30), 1 from curly parsley (serotype 0:4,32) and 1 f ... | 1982 | 6765383 |
| catalytic properties of hairpin ribozymes derived from chicory yellow mottle virus and arabis mosaic virus satellite rnas. | regions of the negative strands of the satellite rnas of chicory yellow mottle virus (scymv1) and arabis mosaic virus (sarmv) have similarity in sequence and predicted secondary structure compared to the tobacco ringspot virus satellite rna (strsv) hairpin ribozyme, suggesting that they may also be catalytic rnas of a similar type. our experiments show that the hairpin ribozyme-like sequences derived from scymv1 and sarmv have high phosphodiesterase activity. the kcat values determined are simil ... | 1995 | 7495810 |
| crude extracts of hepatoprotective plants, solanum nigrum and cichorium intybus inhibit free radical-mediated dna damage. | the presence of plant extracts of solanum nigrum and cichorium intybus in the reaction mixture containing calf thymus dna and free radical generating system protect dna against oxidative damage to its deoxyribose sugar moiety. the effect was dependent on the concentration of plant extracts. however, the effect of cichorium intybus was much pronounced as compared to the effect of solanum nigrum. these studies suggest that the observed hepatoprotective effect of these crude plant extracts may be d ... | 1995 | 7623482 |
| erwinia chrysanthemi hrp genes and their involvement in soft rot pathogenesis and elicitation of the hypersensitive response. | unlike the bacterial pathogens that typically cause the hypersensitive response (hr) in plants, erwinia chrysanthemi has a wide host range, rapidly kills and macerates host tissues, and secretes several isozymes of the macerating enzyme pectate lyase (pel). pelabce- and out- (secretion-deficient) mutants were observed to produce a rapid necrosis in tobacco leaves that was indistinguishable from the hr elicited by the narrow-host-range pathogens e. amylovora ea321 and pseudomonas syringae pv. syr ... | 1994 | 7949326 |
| [the in vitro action of plants on vibrio cholerae]. | natural products of several plants, according to the geographic location, are used by peruvian people in the popular treatment of diarrhea, with good success. when cholerae cases appeared in peru, we were interested to know the "in vitro" effect against vibrio cholerae 01, of these useful plants to treat diarrhea. the following plants were tested: cichorium intybus, althaea officinalis, psorela glandulosa, geranium maculatum, punica granatum, malus sativa, cydonia oblonga, chenopodium ambrosoide ... | 1994 | 8018898 |
| incidence of yersinia spp. in food in sao paulo, brazil. | this study examined the occurrence of y. enterocolitica and other yersinia species in brazilian food products. samples included raw vegetables (lettuce, spinach, watercress and chicory), raw and pasteurized milk as well as meat and meat products. raw milk samples were obtained in a dairy plant and the other food samples were purchased at the retail level in sao paulo city. yersinia spp. was isolated from raw milk (45.2%), pasteurized milk (14.3%), raw vegetables samples (13.3%) and meat and meat ... | 1994 | 8024978 |
| in vitro effect of vegetable and fruit juices on the mutagenicity of 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline, 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline and 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline. | the antimutagenic potencies of the juices of 28 fruits and 34 vegetables commonly consumed in germany were investigated with respect to the mutagenic activities induced by 2-amino-3-methyl[4,5-f]-quinoline (iq), and in part by 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (meiq) or 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (meiqx) in salmonella typhimurium ta98 and ta100. with iq, weak to strong antimutagenic activities were found in 68% of the fruits and 73% of the vegetables that were tested ... | 1994 | 8206443 |
| rats discriminate between starch and other substances having a similar texture. | studies examined the contribution of textural factors to the ability of rats to sense starch. if rats sense the abrasive effects of starch suspensions, conditioned aversions to starch should generalize to substances having a similar texture. two substances having a texture similar to that of starch were examined, polymeric dialdehyde (a product derived from starch) and inulin (a polymer of fructose). rats were trained to avoid dilute suspensions of rice starch, potato starch, polymeric dialdehyd ... | 1993 | 8446700 |
| production of high concentrations of ethanol from inulin by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation using aspergillus niger and saccharomyces cerevisiae. | pure nonhydrolyzed inulin was directly converted to ethanol in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process. an inulinase-hyperproducing mutant, aspergillus niger 817, was grown in a submerged culture at 30 degrees c for 5 days. the inulin-digestive liquid culture (150 ml) was supplemented with 45 g of inulin, 0.45 g of (nh4)2so4, and 0.15 g of kh2po4. the medium (ph 5.0) was inoculated with an ethanol-tolerant strain, saccharomyces cerevisiae 1200, and fermentation was conducted at ... | 1993 | 8481000 |
| erwinia chrysanthemi harpinech: an elicitor of the hypersensitive response that contributes to soft-rot pathogenesis. | mutants of the soft-rot pathogen erwinia chrysanthemi ec16 that are deficient in the production of the pectate lyase isozymes pelabce can elicit the hypersensitive response (hr) in tobacco leaves. the hrpnech gene was identified in a collection of cosmids carrying e. chrysanthemi hrp genes by its hybridization with the erwinia amylovora hrpnea gene. hrpnech appears to be in a monocistronic operon, and it encodes a predicted protein of 340 amino acids that is glycine-rich, lacking in cysteine, an ... | 1995 | 8589405 |
| the water-soluble extract of chicory reduces glucose uptake from the perfused jejunum in rats. | among the components of dietary fiber, the soluble fibers have been found to impair glucose absorption. little is known, however, about the mechanism of this effect. the direct action of soluble fibers (chicory water-soluble extract and inulin) on the intestinal absorption of glucose was investigated in gutperfused rats. after equilibrium, both jejunal and ileal segments were simultaneously perfused with an isotonic electrolyte solution (ph 7.4) containing glucose (10 mmol/l) and chicory water-s ... | 1996 | 8814212 |
| inhalative occupational and ingestive immediate-type allergy caused by chicory (cichorium intybus). | we report a first case of occupational allergy to chicory (cichorium intybus) in a vegetable wholesaler. symptoms occurred after oral, cutaneous or inhalatory exposure. the patient also reported reactions after ingestion of botanically related endive (cichorium endivia) and lettuce (lactuca sativa). we identified the responsible allergen by sds-page and immunoblot to be a 48-kda protein, confined to the non-illuminated parts of the plants. no cross-reactivity was found with mugwort (artemisia vu ... | 1996 | 8877160 |
| fructan synthesis in transgenic tobacco and chicory plants expressing barley sucrose: fructan 6-fructosyltransferase. | we have recently cloned a cdna encoding sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferase (6-sft), a key enzyme of fructan synthesis forming the beta-2,6 linkages typical of the grass fructans, graminans and phleins [sprenger et al. (1995) proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 92, 11652-11656]. here we report functional expression of 6-sft from barley in transgenic tobacco and chicory. transformants of tobacco, a plant naturally unable to form fructans, synthesized the trisaccharide kestose and a series of unbranched ... | 1997 | 9009230 |
| fructan of the inulin neoseries is synthesized in transgenic chicory plants (cichorium intybus l.) harbouring onion (allium cepa l.) fructan:fructan 6g-fructosyltransferase. | fructan (polyfructosylsucrose) is an important storage carbohydrate in many plant families. fructan:fructan 6g-fructosyltransferase (6g-fft) is a key enzyme in the formation of the inulin neoseries, a type of fructan accumulated by members of the liliales. we have cloned the 6g-fft from onion by screening a cdna library using barley sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferase (6-sft) as a probe. the deduced amino acid sequence showed a high homology with plant invertases and 6-sft. incubation of prot ... | 1997 | 9107030 |
| functional effects of food components and the gastrointestinal system: chicory fructooligosaccharides. | functional food science, as recently proposed by ilsi europe, opens new perspectives in nutrition and food sciences. the systematic investigation of the interactions between food components or food ingredients and genomic, biochemical, cellular, or physiological functions is a unique way to improve both our knowledge and the role of nutrition in maintaining good health and in preventing disease. however, such basic knowledge is insufficient to justify claims, unless it is confirmed through relev ... | 1996 | 9110574 |
| the cyclic amp receptor protein is the main activator of pectinolysis genes in erwinia chrysanthemi. | the main virulence factors of the phytopathogenic bacterium erwinia chrysanthemi are pectinases that cleave pectin, a major constituent of the plant cell wall. although physiological studies suggested that pectinase production in erwinia species is subjected to catabolite repression, the direct implication of the cyclic amp receptor protein (crp) in this regulation has never been demonstrated. to investigate the role of crp in pectin catabolism, we cloned the e. chrysanthemi crp gene by compleme ... | 1997 | 9171393 |
| inhibition of the mutagenicity of 2-nitrofluorene, 3-nitrofluoranthene and 1-nitropyrene by vitamins, porphyrins and related compounds, and vegetable and fruit juices and solvent extracts. | when 21 vitamins including related compounds haemin, chlorophyllin, chlorophyll, biliverdin and bilirubin, as well as juices from five fruits and 25 vegetables and solvent extracts from the residues of fruits and vegetables were tested for their antimutagenic potencies with respect to mutagenicity induced by 2-nitrofluorene (2-nf), 3-nitrofluoranthene (3-nfa) and 1-nitropyrene(1-np) in salmonella typhimurium ta98 the following results were obtained. the tetracyclic nitroarenes 3-nfa and 1-np wer ... | 1997 | 9207899 |
| effect of dietary oligofructose and inulin on colonic preneoplastic aberrant crypt foci inhibition. | oligofructose and inulin, naturally-occurring fermentable chicory fructans, have been shown to stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria which are regarded as beneficial strains in the colon and inhibit colon carcinogenesis in the laboratory animal models. the present study was designed to determine the effect of oligofructose and inulin on the azoxymethane (aom)-induced preneoplastic lesions such as aberrant crypt foci (acf) formation in the colon of male f344 rats. at 5 weeks of age, groups of an ... | 1997 | 9230282 |
| health benefits of non-digestible oligosaccharides. | non-digestible oligosaccharides are complex carbohydrates of the non-a-glucan type which, because of the configuration of their osidic bonds, resist hydrolysis by salivary and intestinal digestive enzymes. in the colon they are fermented by anaerobic bacteria. among the non-digestible oligosaccharides, the chicory fructooligosaccharides occupy a key position and, in most european countries, they are recognised as natural food ingredients. the other major products are the short chain fructooligos ... | 1997 | 9361846 |
| pectate lyase peli of erwinia chrysanthemi 3937 belongs to a new family. | erwinia chrysanthemi 3937 secretes five major isoenzymes of pectate lyases encoded by the pel4, pelb, pelc, peld, and pele genes and a set of secondary pectate lyases, two of which, pell and pelz, have been already identified. we cloned the peli gene, encoding a ninth pectate lyase of e. chrysanthemi 3937. the peli reading frame is 1,035 bases long, corresponding to a protein of 344 amino acids including a typical amino-terminal signal sequence of 19 amino acids. the purified mature peli protein ... | 1997 | 9393696 |
| antihepatotoxic activity of cichorium intybus. | | 1997 | 9406902 |
| the bifidogenic nature of chicory inulin and its hydrolysis products. | research data on the bifidogenic effect of beta(2-1)fructans, which at present are commercialized in the u.s., japan and europe as food ingredients, are presented. these food ingredients originate from two different sources. short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides are synthesized from sucrose and are composed of gfn [n beta(2-1) linked fructose moieties bound to a glucose molecule; 2 </= n </= 4]. the longer chain length molecule inulin is extracted with hot water from chicory roots (cichorium intyb ... | 1998 | 9430596 |
| esculetin prevents liver damage induced by paracetamol and ccl4. | esculetin, a phenolic compound found in cichorium intybus and bougainvllra spectabillis was investigated for its possible protective effect against paracetamol and ccl4-induced hepatic damage. paracetamol produced 100% mortality at the dose of 1 g kg-1 in mice while pre-treatment of animals with esculetin (6 mg kg-1) reduced the death rate to 40%. oral administration of paracetamol (640 mg kg-1) produced liver damage in rats as manifested by the rise in serum enzyme levels of alkaline phosphatas ... | 1998 | 9503477 |
| effect of plant species on the larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes which parasitise sheep. | faeces containing trichostrongylus colubriformis and/or ostertagia circumcincta eggs were used to provide four contaminations in each of 2 years on plots of browntop, yorkshire fog, ryegrass, tall fescue, lucerne, chicory, cocksfoot, white clover, and prairie grass and in the second year a mixed sward of ryegrass/white clover. third stage larvae were recovered from faeces and from four strata of herbage, 0-2.5, 2.5-5, 5-7.5 and > 7.5 cm above the soil surface at 2, 4, 6, 8, 11, and 14 weeks afte ... | 1998 | 9650060 |
| postcoital contraceptive activity of some indigenous plants in rats. | crude ethanolic extract of seeds of cichorium intybus and aerial parts of guetterda andamanica, memcylon lushingtonii, and solanum crassypetalum and their fractions were evaluated for postcoital contraceptive efficacy in adult female sprague-dawley rats. the extracts were administered orally in days 1-10 postcoitum, and significant contraceptive activity was observed. on fractionation, the activity was localized primarily in the chloroform- or butanol-insoluble fractions. the activity in these f ... | 1998 | 9673844 |
| growth, voluntary food intake and digestion in farmed temperate and tropical deer. | growth and voluntary feed intake (vfi) in grazing temperate farmed deer species are influenced by the feeding value of the forage and the stage of the deer's seasonal cycle. liveweight gain (lwg) of growing red deer was greater when perennial ryegrass (0.80)/white clover (0.20) pasture was grazed at 10 cm than 5 cm surface height, but venison production by one year of age was still low. chicory and red clover were of superior feeding value for deer than perennial ryegrass-based pastures, increas ... | 1998 | 9704535 |
| natural genetic transformation by agrobacterium rhizogenes . annual flowering in two biennials, belgian endive and carrot | genetic transformation of belgian endive (cichorium intybus) and carrot (daucus carota) by agrobacterium rhizogenes resulted in a transformed phenotype, including annual flowering. back-crossing of transformed (r1) endive plants produced a line that retained annual flowering in the absence of the other traits associated with a. rhizogenes transformation. annualism was correlated with the segregation of a truncated transferred dna (t-dna) insertion. during vegetative growth, carbohydrate reserves ... | 1998 | 9765539 |
| the water-soluble extract of chicory influences serum and liver lipid concentrations, cecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations and fecal lipid excretion in rats. | sprague-dawley rats (n = 32) were fed diets without fiber (control) or containing 1 or 5% chicory extract or 5% inulin for 4 wk; 0.2% cholesterol was added to all diets. rats fed chicory extract and inulin diets had significantly higher serum high density lipoprotein (hdl) cholesterol and generally lower low density lipoprotein (ldl) cholesterol concentrations, thus significantly greater ratios of hdl/ldl cholesterol compared with the controls (p < 0.05). the serum apolipoprotein b/apolipoprotei ... | 1998 | 9772143 |
| prebiotics and synbiotics: concepts and nutritional properties. | the main role of diet is to provide enough nutrients to meet the requirements of a balanced diet, while giving the consumer a feeling of satisfaction and well-being. the most recent knowledge in bioscience supports the hypothesis that diet also controls and modulates various functions in the body, and, in doing so, contributes to the state of good health necessary to reduce the risk of some diseases. it is such an hypothesis which is at the origin both of the concept of 'functional food' and the ... | 1998 | 9924284 |
| dietary modulation of the human gut microflora using prebiotics. | the human colonic flora has both beneficial and pathogenic potentials with respect to host health. there is now much interest in manipulation of the microbiota composition in order to improve the potentially beneficial aspects. the prebiotic approach dictates that non-viable food components are specifically fermented in the colon by indigenous bacteria thought to be of positive value, e.g. bifidobacteria, lactobacilli. any food ingredient that enters the large intestine is a candidate prebiotic. ... | 1998 | 9924286 |
| prevention of colon cancer by pre- and probiotics: evidence from laboratory studies. | oligofructose and inulin, selective fermentable chicory fructans, have been shown to stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria which are regarded as beneficial strains in the colon. studies were designed to evaluate inulin (raftiline) and oligofructose (raftilose), for their potential inhibitory properties against aberrant crypt foci (acf) formation in the colon of rats. acf are putative preneoplastic lesions from which adenomas and carcinomas may develop. the results of this study demonstrate that ... | 1998 | 9924288 |
| the minimal gene set member msra, encoding peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase, is a virulence determinant of the plant pathogen erwinia chrysanthemi. | peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase (msra), which repairs oxidized proteins, is present in most living organisms, and the cognate structural gene belongs to the so-called minimum gene set [mushegian, a. r. & koonin, e. v., (1996) proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 93, 10268-10273]. in this work, we report that msra is required for full virulence of the plant pathogen erwinia chrysanthemi. the following differences were observed between the wild-type and a msra- mutant: (i) the msra- mutant was more s ... | 1999 | 9927663 |
| anti-hepatotoxic effects of root and root callus extracts of cichorium intybus l. | the natural root and root callus extracts of cichorium intybus were compared for their anti-hepatotoxic effects in wistar strain of albino rats against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic damage. the increased levels of serum enymes (aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase) and bilirubin observed in rats treated with carbon tetrachloride were very much reduced in the animals treated with natural root and root callus extracts and carbon tetrachloride. the decreased levels of albumin and pro ... | 1998 | 10030727 |
| characterization of the exopolygalacturonate lyase pelx of erwinia chrysanthemi 3937. | erwinia chrysanthemi 3937 secretes several pectinolytic enzymes, among which eight isoenzymes of pectate lyases with an endo-cleaving mode (pela, pelb, pelc, peld, pele, peli, pell, and pelz) have been identified. two exo-cleaving enzymes, the exopolygalacturonate lyase, pelx, and an exo-poly-alpha-d-galacturonosidase, pehx, have been previously identified in other e. chrysanthemi strains. using a genomic bank of a 3937 mutant with the major pel genes deleted, we cloned a pectinase gene identifi ... | 1999 | 10049400 |
| inhibitory effect of mast cell-mediated immediate-type allergic reactions by cichorium intybus. | we investigated the effect of an aqueous extract of cichorium intybus (ciae) on mast cell-mediated immediate type allergic reactions. ciae (0.1-1000 mg kg-1) dose-dependently inhibited systemic anaphylactic reaction induced by compound 48/80 in mice. especially, ciae inhibited compound 48/80-induced anaphylactic reaction 100% with the dose of 1000 mg kg-1. ciae 1000 mg kg-1also significantly inhibited local anaphylactic reaction activated by anti-dinitrophenyl (dnp) ige. when mice were pretreate ... | 1999 | 10378992 |
| concepts in functional foods: the case of inulin and oligofructose. | recent advances in biosciences support the hypothesis that diet modulates various body functions. diet may maintain well-being and reduce the risk of some diseases. such discoveries have led to the concept of "functional food" and the development of the new discipline, i.e., "functional food science." a practical and simple definition of a "functional food" is a food for which a claim has been authorized. the food components to be discussed as potential "functional food ingredients" are the inul ... | 1999 | 10395606 |
| caloric value of inulin and oligofructose. | dietary carbohydrates, which are absorbed as hexose, (glucose, fructose) have a caloric value of 3.9 kcal/g (16.3 kj/g), and their cellular metabolism produces approximately 38 mol atp/mol. however, chicory inulin and oligofructose resist digestion and they are not absorbed in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract. after oral ingestion, they reach the colon intact where they become hydrolyzed and extensively fermented by saccharolytic bacteria, which produce short-chain carboxylic and lac ... | 1999 | 10395615 |
| possible mechanisms by which pro- and prebiotics influence colon carcinogenesis and tumor growth. | oligofructose and inulin, selective fermentable chicory fructans, have been shown to stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria, which are regarded as beneficial strains in the colon. studies were designed to evaluate inulin (raftiline) and oligofructose (raftilose) for their potential inhibitory properties against the development of colonic aberrant crypt foci (acf) in rats. acf are putative preneoplastic lesions from which adenomas and carcinomas may develop in the colon. the results of this study ... | 1999 | 10395625 |
| the scymv1 hairpin ribozyme: targeting rules and cleavage of heterologous rna. | the catalytic center of the rna from the negative strand of the satellite rna of chicory yellow mottle virus type 1 (scymv1) is in the hairpin ribozyme family, has catalytic activity, and cleaves substrates before a preferred gua sequence. this is different from that of the satellite rna from the negative strand of tobacco ringspot virus (strsv) which prefers a guc sequence at the site of cleavage. the scymv1 hairpin ribozyme has now been developed for cleaving heterologous rna substrates. when ... | 1999 | 10455414 |
| behavior of listeria monocytogenes and aeromonas spp. on fresh-cut produce packaged under equilibrium-modified atmosphere. | storage experiments were conducted to follow the behavior of pathogens on fresh-cut vegetables (trimmed brussels sprouts, grated carrots, shredded iceberg lettuce, and shredded chicory endives) packaged under an equilibrium-modified atmosphere (ema) (2 to 3% o2, 2 to 3% co2, and 94 to 96% n2) and stored at 7 degrees c. as a comparison, fresh-cut vegetables were also packaged in a perforated high-barrier film (air conditions) and stored at 7 degrees c. in a first step, the shelf life of the veget ... | 1999 | 10528715 |
| nitrogen-induced changes in morphological development and bacterial susceptibility of belgian endive (cichorium intybus l.) are genotype-dependent | nitrogen is known to modulate plant development and resistance to pathogens. four selected lines (alg, ns1, nr1 and nr2) of chicory (cichorium intybus l.) were grown on low (0.6 mm) and high (3 mm) no(-)(3) nutrition in order to study the effect of n on the expression of three traits, namely, shoot/root ratio, chicon morphology and resistance to soft rot caused by erwinia sp. for all genotypes, increasing n supply led to a higher shoot/root ratio, resulting from an increased shoot biomass but wi ... | 1999 | 10550619 |
| plant fructans stabilize phosphatidylcholine liposomes during freeze-drying. | fructans have been implicated as protective agents in the drought and freezing tolerance of many plant species. a direct proof of their ability to stabilize biological structures under stress conditions, however, is still lacking. here we show that inulins (linear fructose polymers) isolated from chicory roots and dahlia tubers stabilize egg phosphatidylcholine large unilamellar vesicles during freeze-drying, while another polysaccharide, hydroxyethyl starch, was completely ineffective. liposome ... | 2000 | 10632723 |
| marked inhibition of glioblastoma target cell tumorigenicity in vitro by retrovirus-mediated transfer of a hairpin ribozyme against deletion-mutant epidermal growth factor receptor messenger rna. | the goal of this study was to evaluate the activity of certain hairpin ribozymes against deletion-mutant epidermal growth factor receptor (deltaegfr) messenger (m)rna in glioblastomas multiforme (gbms). a distinct 801-bp deletion mutation associated with amplification of the egfr gene is present in a large subgroup of primary gbms and confers enhanced tumorigenicity in vivo. as a result of the deletion mutation, the fusion junction of the gene is created directly upstream of a gta triplet, which ... | 2000 | 10659018 |
| fn-type chicory inulin hydrolysate has a prebiotic effect in humans. | the partial enzymatic hydrolysis of chicory inulin (gfn; 2 < or =n < or =60) yields an oligofructose preparation that is composed of both gfn-type and fn-type oligosaccharides (2 < or =n < or =7; 2 < or =m < or =7), where g is glucose, f is fructose, and n is the number of beta(2-->1) bound fructose moieties. human studies have shown that feeding gfn-type oligomers significantly modifies the composition of the fecal microflora especially by increasing the number of bifidobacteria. the experiment ... | 2000 | 10801918 |
| cloning, developmental, and tissue-specific expression of sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyl transferase from taraxacum officinale. fructan localization in roots. | sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyl transferase (1-sst) is the key enzyme initiating fructan synthesis in asteraceae. using reverse transcriptase-pcr, we isolated the cdna for 1-sst from taraxacum officinale. the cdna-derived amino acid sequence showed very high homology to other asteracean 1-ssts (cichorium intybus 86%, cynara scolymus 82%, helianthus tuberosus 80%), but homology to 1-sst from allium cepa (46%) and aspergillus foetidus (18%) was much lower. fructan concentrations, 1-sst activities, 1-s ... | 2000 | 10806226 |
| in vitro and ex vivo anti- and prooxidant components of cichorium intybus. | the water soluble antioxidant properties of cichorium intybus var. silvestre, whose production zone is around chioggia, italy, were investigated. vegetable juices were obtained by centrifugation, and (1) filtration at 2 degrees c; (2) filtration at 25 degrees c, and stored for 3 h; (3) boiled for 30 min at 102 degrees c, and then analysed. the antioxidant properties were evaluated in vitro as antioxidant activity (aa) (model system beta-carotene-linoleic acid) and ex vivo as protective activity ... | 2000 | 10898162 |
| external ph: an environmental signal that helps to rationalize pel gene duplication in erwinia chrysanthemi. | the phytopathogenic bacterium erwinia chrysanthemi produces five major pectate lyases that are key virulence factors in soft-rot disease development. using transcriptional fusions, we studied the regulation of pela, peld, and pele gene expression as a function of variation of the external ph. pela and peld were expressed when bacteria were grown in an acidic medium while pele was transcribed only in basic medium. using phenol red, we observed that, in chicory leaves, ph value of infected tissue ... | 2000 | 10939260 |
| differentiation-inducing effect of magnolialide, a 1 beta-hydroxyeudesmanolide isolated from cichorium intybus, on human leukemia cells. | cichorium intybus contains two 1beta-hydroxyeudesmanolides, magnolialide and artesin, together with several constituents. magnolialide inhibits the growth of several tumor cell lines and appears to induce differentiation of human leukemia hl-60 and u-937 cells to monocyte/macrophage-like cells. another 1beta-hydroxyeudesmanolide, artesin, and other constituents were inactive. the content of magnolialide was shown to be highest in the leaves of inje cultivar among the cultivars investigated in th ... | 2000 | 10963313 |
| evaluation of the immunomodulatory effects of five herbal plants. | a group of medicinal plants including, silybum marianum, matricaria chamomilla, calendula officinalis, cichorium intybus and dracocephalum kotschyi which grow in iran, were extracted with ethanol 70% and the mitogenic activity was examined both on human peripheral blood lymphocytes and thymocytes. effect of these extracts on proliferative responsiveness of human lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin (pha) and on the mixed lymphocyte reaction (mlr) was also investigated. the results obtained indicate ... | 2000 | 10967468 |
| hepatoprotective effects of turkish folk remedies on experimental liver injury. | seven plants which are used in turkish folk medicine were studied for possible hepatoprotective effects. these plants are carduus acanthoides and c. nutans (asteraceae), cichorium intybus (asteraceae), fumaria asepalae and f. vailantii (fumariaceae), gentiana olivieri (gentianaceae) and plantago lanceolata (plantaginaceae). stems, bracts and receptaculum of cynara scolymus were used as natural reference drugs. effects of the ethanolic extracts were studied using the carbon tetrachloride-induced ... | 2000 | 11025147 |
| stimulation of apoptosis by two prebiotic chicory fructans in the rat colon. | prebiotics, in particular the chicory derived beta(2-1) fructans, have been shown to exert cancer protective effects in animal models. the present study was carried out to determine the effects of two chicory fructans--oligofructose (raftilosep95; average degree of polymerization dp = 4) and long chain inulin (raftilinehp; average dp = 25), on apoptosis and bacterial metabolism associated with carcinogenesis. eighteen rats were fed a stock diet for one week. three groups of six animals were then ... | 2001 | 11159739 |
| production of inulooligosaccharides from chicory extract by endoinulinase from xanthomonas oryzae no. 5. | inulooligosaccharides (ios) production from chicory extract was carried out using endoinulinase obtained from a new isolate, xanthomonas oryzae no. 5. the ios production from chicory extract was maximum when 50 g/liter of chicory extract was utilized as the substrate. as the substrate concentration increased, the ios production accordingly decreased probably due to substrate inhibition. for a comparative study, enzyme reactions were carried out from pure inulin as substrate. though total ios con ... | 2001 | 11240203 |
| soxr-dependent response to oxidative stress and virulence of erwinia chrysanthemi: the key role of sufc, an orphan abc atpase. | erwinia chrysanthemi causes soft-rot disease in a great variety of plants. in addition to the depolymerizing activity of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes, iron acquisition and resistance to oxidative stress contribute greatly to the virulence of this pathogen. here, we studied the pin10 locus originally thought to encode new virulence factors. the sequence analysis revealed six open reading frames that were homologous to the escherichia coli sufa, sufb, sufc, sufd, sufs and sufe genes. sequence ... | 2001 | 11251816 |
| relative effects on virulence of mutations in the sap, pel, and hrp loci of erwinia chrysanthemi. | we constructed strains of erwinia chrysanthemi ec16 with multiple mutations involving three virulence systems in this bacterium, namely pel (coding for the major pectate lyases pelabce), hrp (hypersensitive response and pathogenicity), and sap (sensitivity to antimicrobial peptides). the relative effects on virulence of those mutations have been analyzed on potato tubers and chicory leaves. in potato tubers, the sap mutation (bt105) had a greater effect in the reduction of the virulence than the ... | 2001 | 11277436 |
| utilization of chicory roots for microbial endoinulinase production. | the optimal culture conditions for endoinulinase production using chicory roots were studied in shake-flask culture. | 2001 | 11555200 |
| a glutathione s-transferase cdna identified by mrna differential display is upregulated during somatic embryogenesis in cichorium. | chi-gst1, a cdna encoding a glutathione s-transferase, was isolated by differential display in leaf tissues of chicory, during the early stages of somatic embryogenesis. expression analysis of the gene by northern blot indicated that the transcript accumulation is specific of the leaf developing somatic embryogenesis and is not observed in leaf tissue of the non-embryogenic cultivar. | 2001 | 11779636 |
| effect of high oxygen modified atmosphere packaging on microbial growth and sensorial qualities of fresh-cut produce. | the application of high oxygen atmospheres (hoa) (i.e. > 70% o2) for packaging ready-to-eat vegetables was evaluated as an alternative technique for low o2 equilibrium modified atmosphere (ema) packaging (3% o2-5% co2-balance n2) for respiring products. comparative experiments between both techniques were performed in-vitro and in-vivo. typical spoilage causing microorganisms (pseudomonas fluorescens, candida lambica), the moulds botrytis cinerea, aspergillus flavus and the opportunistic psychro ... | 2001 | 11789938 |
| effect of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and inulin on the formation of aberrant crypt foci in rats. | our studies were aimed at investigating the effect of lactic acid producing bacteria (lab) or inulin, a natural source of non-digestible oligosaccharides derived from chicory, on the induction by carcinogens of aberrant crypt foci (acf) in the colon, which are considered to be early precursor lesions of neoplasia. | 2001 | 11876494 |
| the ybit gene of erwinia chrysanthemi codes for a putative abc transporter and is involved in competitiveness against endophytic bacteria during infection. | we investigated the role in bacterial infection of a putative abc transporter, designated ybit, of erwinia chrysanthemi ac4150. the deduced sequence of this gene showed amino acid sequence similarity with other putative abc transporters of gram-negative bacteria, such as escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as structural similarity with proteins of streptomyces spp. involved in resistance to macrolide antibiotics. the gene contiguous to ybit, designated as pab (putative antibioti ... | 2002 | 11916677 |
| probiotics and prebiotics: a brief overview. | probiotics and prebiotics are 2 food ingredients that confer physiologic effects through the gastrointestinal tract. probiotics have been defined as viable microorganisms that (when ingested) have a beneficial effect in the prevention and treatment of specific pathologic conditions. these microorganisms are believed to exert biological effects through a phenomenon known as colonization resistance, whereby the indigenous anaerobic flora limits the concentration of potentially pathogenic (mostly a ... | 2002 | 11953920 |
| antimycotic activities of selected plant flora, growing wild in lebanon, against phytopathogenic fungi. | petroleum ether (pe) and methanolic extracts of nine wild plant species were tested in vitro for their antimycotic activity against eight phytopathogenic fungi. the efficacy of pe extracts against all pathogens tested was higher than that of methanolic extracts. wild marjoram (origanum syriacum) pe extract showed the highest and widest range of activity. it resulted in complete inhibition of mycelial growth of six of eight fungi tested and also gave nearly complete inhibition of spore germinatio ... | 2002 | 12009988 |
| isolation and characterization of two germacrene a synthase cdna clones from chicory. | chicory (cichorium intybus) sesquiterpene lactones were recently shown to be derived from a common sesquiterpene intermediate, (+)-germacrene a. germacrene a is of interest because of its key role in sesquiterpene lactone biosynthesis and because it is an enzyme-bound intermediate in the biosynthesis of a number of phytoalexins. using polymerase chain reaction with degenerate primers, we have isolated two sesquiterpene synthases from chicory that exhibited 72% amino acid identity. heterologous e ... | 2002 | 12011345 |
| experimental evidences on the potential of prebiotic fructans to reduce the risk of colon cancer. | inulin is extracted from the chicory root. it is a set of fructans with its monomers linked by means of beta(2-1) bonds. this linkage cannot be hydrolysed by either pancreatic or by brush border digestive enzymes in the upper intestinal tract of humans. as such the carbohydrates arrive in the colon, where they are fermented by bifidobacteria and other lactic acid producing bacteria, thus enhancing their relative populations in the gut. recent research in experimental animal models revealed that ... | 2002 | 12088529 |
| effects of the ethanol extract of cichorium intybus on the immunotoxicity by ethanol in mice. | effects of the ethanol extract of cichorium intybus (ciee) on the immunotoxicity of ethanol (etoh) were investigated in icr mice. mice were divided into four groups, and ciee at dose of 300 mg/kg was orally administered to mice daily for 28 consecutive days, and normal mice were given vehicle. mice treated with etoh were given freely with 20% w/v etoh solution. the results of this study are summarized as follows: the combination of ciee and etoh showed significant increases in the circulating le ... | 2002 | 12095163 |
| in vitro antioxidant activity of non-cultivated vegetables of ethnic albanians in southern italy. | a total of 27 extracts from non-cultivated and weedy vegetables traditionally consumed by ethnic albanians (arbëreshë) in the vulture area (southern italy) were tested for their free radical scavenging activity (frsa) in the dpph (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil radical) screening assay, for their in vitro non-enzymatic inhibition of bovine brain lipid peroxidation and for their inhibition of xanthine oxidase (xo). in both antioxidant assays strong activity was shown for leopoldia comosa (bulbs, s ... | 2002 | 12203269 |
| effects of grazing undrenched weaner deer on chicory or perennial ryegrass/white clover pasture on the viability of gastrointestinal nematodes and lungworms. | this study determined the in vitro effects on the viability of internal parasites of grazing undrenched weaner deer on either chicory (cichorium intybus) or perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne)/white clover (trifolium repens) pasture. one experiment investigated the hatching and development of gastrointestinal nematode eggs and larvae, and the development and motility of l1 lungworm (dictyocaulus eckerti) larvae, and a second experiment used larval migration inhibition assays to test the viabilit ... | 2002 | 12371691 |
| fermentation of chicory fructo-oligosaccharides in mixtures of different degrees of polymerization by three strains of bifidobacteria. | we estimated and compared the action of three selected strains of bifidobacteria in a semi-synthetic medium for different degrees of polymerization of fructo-oligosaccharides contained in three commercial products derived from chicory inulin: fibrulose f97 (shorter chains), fibruline instant (native chains), fibruline lc (longer chains). biomass and production of lactate and acetate were greater when the substrate contained mostly shorter chain fructo-oligosaccharides. shorter chains were first ... | 2002 | 12381033 |
| nutritional aspects of short-chain fructooligosaccharides: natural occurrence, chemistry, physiology and health implications. | short-chain fructooligosaccharides occur in a number of edible plants, such as chicory, onions, asparagus, wheat... they are a group of linear fructose oligomers with a degree of polymerisation ranging from n = 1 up to 5 (oligosaccharides). short-chain fructooligosaccharides, to a large extent, escape digestion in the human upper intestine and reach the colon where they are totally fermented mostly to lactate, short chain fatty acids (acetate, propionate and butyrate), and gas, like dietary fibr ... | 2002 | 12408453 |
| in vivo gastroprotective effects of five turkish folk remedies against ethanol-induced lesions. | through evaluation of the data accumulated in data bank of turkish folk remedies (tuhib), five plant remedies, which are used to treat stomach ache were selected to test for their anti-ulcerogenic potency. in order to confirm the claimed activities, either decoction or methanol extracts were prepared from the roots of asphodelus aestivus and cichorium intybus, herbs of equisetum palustre and viscum album ssp. album and fruits of laurus nobilis, according to their folkloric application way and te ... | 2002 | 12426092 |
| identification and quantitation of major carotenoids in selected components of the mediterranean diet: green leafy vegetables, figs and olive oil. | to characterize the carotenoid content of selected components of the mediterranean diet commonly eaten by greek migrants to melbourne, a population group maintaining a traditional dietary regimen, and who exhibit relatively high circulating carotenoid concentrations and low cardiovascular disease mortality. design and specimens: opportunistic sampling of wild (sow thistle, amaranth, purslane and dandelion, collected from roadsides and home gardens) and commercially available (chicory, endive) gr ... | 2002 | 12428183 |
| toxicological profile of carboxymethyl inulin. | carboxymethylinulin (cmi), formed by carboxylation of a natural carbohydrate obtained from the chicory plant, is particularly effective in sequestration of hard water cations, and thus serves as a unique anti-scalant which could find uses in food processing. a series of toxicological studies has been performed to investigate its toxiciologic properties following repeated exposure, possible sensitization, and its potential to elicit genotoxic activity; all studies conformed to internationally acc ... | 2003 | 12453728 |
| dietary chicory inulin increases whole-body bone mineral density in growing male rats. | chicory inulin is a natural linear fructan that is not digested in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract but is fermented in the cecocolon. it enhances calcium absorption in rats and improves femur and tibia mineral contents in gastrectomized or ovariectomized rats. we studied the effect of inulin (0, 5 and 10 g/100 g diet) on whole-body bone mineral content (wbbmc), whole-body bone area (wbba) and whole-body bone mineral density (wbbmd) in live, growing male rats fed diets containing 0.2 ... | 2002 | 12468594 |
| applications of inulin and oligofructose in health and nutrition. | inulin and oligofructose belong to a class of carbohydrates known as fructans. the main sources of inulin and oligofructose that are used in the food industry are chicory and jerusalem artichoke. inulin and oligofructose are considered as functional food ingredients since they affect the physiological and biochemical processes in rats and human beings, resulting in better health and reduction in the risk of many diseases. experimental studies have shown their use as bifidogenic agents, stimulati ... | 2002 | 12571376 |
| the effect of birdsfoot trefoil (lotus corniculatus) and chicory (cichorium intybus) on parasite intensities and performance of lambs naturally infected with helminth parasites. | conventionally, farmers rely upon the routine use of anthelmintics to control helminth parasites and their use has proved highly cost-effective. however, several factors, including the emergence of helminths resistant to pharmaceutical anthelmintics, are forcing farmers to seek alternative approaches to parasite control. studies in new zealand have shown that some alternative forages may reduce parasitic infestation in sheep. in the current study, it was found that under uk environmental conditi ... | 2003 | 12581592 |
| microfungi on compositae in the ruhr basin. | forty-three microfungi have been observed on thirty species of the compositae occurring in several locations in the ruhr basin in north rhine-westphalia. many fungi belong to the ascomycetes (erysiphales, diaporthales, dothideales, leotiales and pleosporales) and to the deuteromycetes (melanconiales, moniliales and sphaeropsidales). other fungi wich were found in our investigation belong to the basidiomycetes (uredinales) and to the oomycetes (peronosporales). some recorded microfungi have been ... | 2002 | 12701426 |
| relation between microbiological quality, metabolite production and sensory quality of equilibrium modified atmosphere packaged fresh-cut produce. | the quality of four types of fresh-cut produce, packaged in consumer-sized packages under an equilibrium modified atmosphere and stored at 7 degrees c, was assessed by establishing the relation between the microbial outgrowth and the corresponding production of nonvolatile compounds and related sensory disorders. in vitro experiments, performed on a lettuce-juice-agar, demonstrated the production of nonvolatile compounds by spoilage causing lactic acid bacteria and enterobacteriaceae. pseudomona ... | 2003 | 12745232 |
| oral allergy syndrome to chicory associated with birch pollen allergy. | a few cases of ige-mediated chicory allergy with oral, cutaneous, and/or respiratory symptoms are reported. we present 4 patients with inhalant birch pollen allergy and oral allergy syndrome to chicory. ige-binding proteins in chicory and cross-reactivity with birch pollen were studied. | 2003 | 12759485 |
| the erwinia chrysanthemi phop-phoq operon plays an important role in growth at low ph, virulence and bacterial survival in plant tissue. | we have studied the role of acidic ph as a barrier for the colonization of the plant apoplast by erwinia chrysanthemi. a minitransposon containing a promoterless reporter gene, gus, was used for random mutagenesis of the bacterial genome. an acid-sensitive mutant, named bt119, was isolated and had the following differential features with respect to the wild-type strain: (i) inability to grow at ph </= 5.5; (ii) decreased survival at acid ph and in plant tissues; (iii) increased susceptibility to ... | 2003 | 12828634 |
| antihepatotoxic activity of seeds of cichorium intybus. | the different fractions of alcoholic extract and one phenolic compound ab-iv of seeds of cichorium intybus linn were screened for antihepatotoxic activity on carbon tetrachloride (ccl(4))-induced liver damage in albino rats. the degree of protection was measured using biochemical parameters like aspartate transaminase (ast), alanine transaminase (alt), alkaline phosphatase (alkp), and total protein (tp). the methanol fraction and compound ab-iv were found to possess a potent antihepatotoxic acti ... | 2003 | 12860315 |
| [vasorelaxant activity of caffeic acid derivatives from cichorium intybus and equisetum arvense]. | the vasorelaxant activities of chicoric acid (compound 1) from cichorium intybus and dicaffeoyl-meso-tartaric acid (compound 2) from equisetum arvense l. in isolated rat aorta strips were studied. compound 1 is a diester composed of (s,s)-tartaric acid and caffeic acid, and 2 is composed of its meso type. both 1 and 2 showed slow relaxation activity against norepinephrine (ne)-induced contraction of rat aorta with/without endothelium. these compounds did not affect contraction induced by a high ... | 2003 | 12875242 |
| [effect of chicory (cichorium) on neoplastic processes in rats]. | | 1957 | 13465460 |
| effect of ultraviolet light on pectolytic enzyme production and pathogenicity of pseudomonas. | ultraviolet radiation-induced mutants of the soft rot bacterium pseudomonas marginalis were selected for loss of pathogenicity for lettuce and witloof chicory. the avirulent mutants differed from the parent pathogen in their inability to synthesize pectolytic enzymes in culture or to ferment sodium pectate or sodium polygalacturonate as the sole carbon source in media. | 1959 | 13635008 |
| effects of condensed tannins and crude sesquiterpene lactones extracted from chicory on the motility of larvae of deer lungworm and gastrointestinal nematodes. | the objective of this study was to determine the effects of condensed tannins (ct) and an extract containing crude sesquiterpene lactones (csl) from chicory (cichorium intybus) on the motility of the first-(l1) and third-stage (l3) larvae of deer lungworm dictyocaulus viviparus and the l3 larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes in vitro, using the larval migration inhibition (lmi) assay. the ct and csl had a profound effect on the motility of the larvae displayed by their ability to inhibit larval ... | 2003 | 14550476 |
| dietary effects on bifidobacteria and clostridium perfringens in the canine intestinal tract. | dietary effects on the intestinal microflora have gained increasing interest because of the evidence that a balanced micro ecology in the gut is important for health and well being. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different diets on faecal counts of bifidobacteria and clostridium perfringens in dogs. two extruded, dry diets, one supplemented with 3% chicory (1.5% inulin), a non-digestible oligosaccharide (ndo) and the other with 3% glucose (glu) were compared with a pr ... | 2003 | 14633049 |
| the effect of dietary forage on the development and survival of helminth parasites in ovine faeces. | studies in new zealand and the uk have shown that lambs grazing birdsfoot trefoil (lotus corniculatus) or chicory (cichorium intybus) have reduced parasite intensities compared to lambs grazing ryegrass swards. however, data in the literature on the influence of forages on helminth parasites is equivocal and the underlying mechanisms by which different forage diets may affect these parasites have not been fully determined. the aim of the experiments reported here was to investigate the hypothesi ... | 2003 | 14651879 |
| analysis of erwinia chrysanthemi ec16 pele::uida, pell::uida, and hrpn::uida mutants reveals strain-specific atypical regulation of the hrp type iii secretion system. | the plant pathogen erwinia chrysanthemi produces a variety of factors that have been implicated in its ability to cause soft-rot diseases in various hosts. these include hrpn, a harpin secreted by the hrp type iii secretion system; pele, one of several major pectate lyase isozymes secreted by the type ii system; and pell, one of several secondary pels secreted by the type ii system. we investigated these factors in e. chrysanthemi ec16 with respect to the effects of medium composition and growth ... | 2004 | 14964532 |
| enrichment of higher molecular weight fractions in inulin. | inulin (general formulas gfn and fm, with g = anhydroglucose and f = anhydrofructose) naturally occurs as a homologous series of oligo- and polysaccharides with different chain lengths. for reasons of growing interest in the food and pet food industries, the short chain inulins have to be separated from their long chain analogues because their properties (digestibility, prebiotic activity and health promoting potential, caloric value, sweetening power, water binding capacity, etc.) differ substa ... | 2004 | 15186097 |
| the erwinia chrysanthemi ec16 hrp/hrc gene cluster encodes an active hrp type iii secretion system that is flanked by virulence genes functionally unrelated to the hrp system. | erwinia chrysanthemi is a host-promiscuous plant pathogen that possesses a type iii secretion system (ttss) similar to that of the host-specific pathogens e. amylovora and pseudomonas syringae. the regions flanking the ttss-encoding hrp/hrc gene clusters in the latter pathogens encode various ttss-secreted proteins. dna sequencing of the complete e. chrysanthemi hrp/hrc gene cluster and approximately 12 kb of the flanking regions (beyond the previously characterized heca adhesin gene in the left ... | 2004 | 15195947 |
| excretion of major odor-causing and acidifying compounds in response to dietary supplementation of chicory inulin in growing pigs. | the excretion of major odor-causing and acidifying compounds in response to dietary supplementation of chicory inulin extract was investigated with six yorkshire barrows, with an average initial bw of 30 kg, according to a balanced two-period cross-over design. the animals were fed a control diet containing no inulin extract and a treatment diet with 5% inulin extract (as-fed basis) at the expense of cornstarch. each diet was formulated (as-fed basis) to contain 16% cp from corn (51%) and soybea ... | 2004 | 15216994 |
| estimation of the proportion of bacterial nitrogen in canine feces using diaminopimelic acid as an internal bacterial marker. | a bacterial marker can be used to determine the portion of fecal n that is of bacterial origin, as well as the effect of dietary factors on the bacterial n in feces of the dog. two experiments were conducted to determine the efficacy of diaminopimelic acid (dapa) and purines as bacterial markers in dogs. in exp. 1, five adult female dogs were fed the same commercial diet. in exp. 2, 50 dogs were fed one of four test diets (as-fed basis): a prebiotic-free control or diets containing either 1% chi ... | 2004 | 15216998 |
| herbs as a food source in turkey. | medical benefits of herbs have been known for centuries. many examples contain powerful active components that, if used correctly, can help in healing the living organism. these herbs can also be provided in the form of capsules and powders, as dietary supplements, and thus differ from conventional foods or food ingredients. the traditional turkish kitchen is rich of various herbs which have been employed as ingredients since ancient times. the present paper provides a brief overview of some imp ... | 2004 | 15373716 |