| [membrane antigens of the agents of glanders and melioidosis]. | double immunodiffusion in gel test was used to determine the antigenic composition of the preparations of membranes isolated from the lysozyme spheroplasts of glanders (strain no. 10230) and melioidosis (strain no. c-141) causative agents. the membranes of these microbes proved to contain antigens of cell walls, lipopolysaccharides and the thermolabile membrane antigen proper. a study of antimembrane sera in the agglutination and immunofluorescence tests demonstrated a heterogeneity of the gland ... | 1977 | 74149 |
| [comparative characteristics of the ultrastructure of the causative agents of glanders and melioidosis]. | the authors examined the ultrastructure of the causative agents of glanders and melio idosis. it was revealed that the structure of their cell wall and of the cytoplasmic membrane was characteristic of gram negative bacteria. the cytoplasm of both types of the causative agents showed the presence of ribosomes, membrane structure, nucleoid, and also osmiophilic and osmiophobic inclusions. | 1975 | 174344 |
| [obtaining spheroplasts from the agents of glanders and melioidosis and separation of membrane structures from them]. | spheroplasts were obtained from the causative agents of glanders and melioidosis under the effect of lysozyme and antibiotics. in the capacity of an inducing agent lysozyme was effective in high concentration only (0.4%); preliminary washing and incubation in sucrose were necessary to obtain glanders spheroplasts. of the antibiotics studied penicillin was more useful for obtaining melioidosis spheroplasts and ampicillin--for glanders spheroplasts. membrane preparations were derived from the sphe ... | 1977 | 197757 |
| hazards of disease transfer from marine mammals to land mammals: review and recent findings. | in a 5-year study (1972-1977) of microbial agents isolated from both clinically normal and diseased marine mammals, it was shown that certain disease agents are widespread in a diversity of ocean populations and that some are also transmissible to a number of terrestrial mammal species. leptospira interrogans serovar pomona has been isolated repeatedly from 2 species of pinnipeds (zalophus californianus califonianus and callorhinus ursinus). some of the more important bacterial pathogens for lan ... | 1978 | 738931 |
| [discovery of glanders bacillus]. | | 1975 | 1102281 |
| [antibiotic sensitivity of the causative agent of glanders]. | sensitivity of the glanders causative agent to 20 antibiotics representing different groups is described. the results of the in vitro studies showed that most of the antibiotics were not active against the glanders causative agent, except for polymyxin m, levomycetin and their combination. some relative activity was observed with neomycin. the "indicators" method used by the authors for determination of the m. mallei sensitivity to the antibiotics allowed the shortening of the time of the test b ... | 1975 | 1119794 |
| [effects of some chemopreparations on the causative agents of glanders and melioidosis]. | the authors present the results of in vitro determination of the sensitivity of the causative agent of glanders and melioidosis to 8 preparations-5-nitrofuran derivatives, and also to negram and pask. the most active against m. mallei and ps. pseudomallei were furazonal and furacrillin; negram was less active. no naturally resistanct strains to furacrylin and furazonal were revealed among the m. mallei and ps. pseudomallei strains studied. | 1975 | 1240716 |
| [mobilization using incompatibility group p1 plasmids in strains of pseudomonas pseudomallei and pseudomonas mallei as potential vectors for dna cloning]. | the cells of pseudomonas pseudomallei and pseudomonas mallei have been shown to serve as recipients for the plasmid rsf1010 and its recombinant derivatives pva1 and pva4. the conjugative plasmids rp1 and pth10 of the incompatibility group p1 are able to mobilize the nontransmissive vector plasmids for conjugation transfer into pseudomonas pseudomallei and pseudomonas mallei strains. the smr determinant of the plasmid rsf1010 is expressed in the latter strains. these data makes the mentioned vect ... | 1992 | 1280770 |
| proposal of burkholderia gen. nov. and transfer of seven species of the genus pseudomonas homology group ii to the new genus, with the type species burkholderia cepacia (palleroni and holmes 1981) comb. nov. | based on the 16s rrna sequences, dna-dna homology values, cellular lipid and fatty acid composition, and phenotypic characteristics, a new genus burkholderia is proposed for the rna homology group ii of genus pseudomonas. seven species in this group were transferred to the new genus. thus seven new combinations, burkholderia cepacia (palleroni and holmes 1981), burkholderia mallei (zopf 1885), burkholderia pseudomallei (whitmore 1913), burkholderia caryophylli (burkholder 1942), burkholderia gla ... | 1992 | 1283774 |
| [transformation of pathogenic pseudomonas by plasmid dna]. | the possibility has been shown of the genetical transformation of pseudomonas mallei strains by the purified dna of the plasmids rsf1010, pes154, pbs222 and pbr325. the frequency of transformation varied from 1.2 x 10(1) to 2.0 x 10(2) depending on the plasmid dna and transformation technique used in the experiments. pseudomonas pseudomallei cells could not be transformed by the methods described in the paper. | 1992 | 1383699 |
| homogeneity of lipopolysaccharide antigens in pseudomonas pseudomallei. | an antiserum raised against a single strain of pseudomonas pseudomallei reacted equally in a whole cell agglutination test, an indirect haemagglutination (iha) test and an elisa with a panel of 12 strains of the species which had been isolated from human beings and animals in various parts of the far east and australia between 1923 and 1990. absorption of the serum with either of two strains removed all reactivity of the serum with other strains. phenol-water extracted lipopolysaccharide (lps) f ... | 1992 | 1385539 |
| [a rapid method of evaluation of the effectiveness of antibacterial drugs]. | efficacy of antibiotics in the treatment of experimental tularemia was studied comparatively on various biological models. it was shown that the antibiotics which proved active against the tularemia microbe in albino mice when studied by the rapid and routine methods were highly efficient in the treatment and prevention of experimental tularemia in rabbits and baboons (hamadryas). the experiments showed basic possibilities to perform rapid estimation (for at least 2 days) of drug efficacy in exp ... | 1992 | 1514871 |
| chemical and cultural characterization of cdc group wo-1, a weakly oxidative gram-negative group of organisms isolated from clinical sources. | ninety-six strains of weakly oxidative gram-negative rods isolated primarily from clinical specimens form a distinct group that has been designated centers for disease control (cdc) group wo-1 (wo stands for weak oxidizer). the phenotypic characteristics of cdc group wo-1 were most similar to those of comamonas acidovorans, pseudomonas mallei, and cdc pink coccoid group iii. the wo-1 group can be differentiated from c. acidovorans by the oxidation of glucose (often weak and sometimes delayed), m ... | 1992 | 1537895 |
| [sensitivity of pseudomonas mallei to fluoroquinolones and their efficacy in experimental glanders]. | thirteen strains of p. mallei were found to be highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin and resistant to norfloxacin. ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin showed a high efficacy on models of malleus in guinea pigs and hamsters. the animals were infected with various strains of p. mallei. in the in vitro experiments, ciprofloxacin proved to be the most active and efficient. norfloxacin appeared to be inefficient. | 1991 | 1781709 |
| [sensitivity of pseudomonas to currently used antibacterial drugs]. | sensitivity of 184 strains of four preudomonas species that are of importance from the medical viewpoint was studied. it was shown that all the studied strains were resistant to cefazolin and ampicillin. sulfomonomethoxine was active only against p. mallei. gentamicin inhibited the growth of all the strains of p. mallei and 60 per cent of the strains of p. aeruginosa. among the four studied strains, the causative agent of glanders was the least resistant to the chemotherapeutic drugs. eleven out ... | 1991 | 2053815 |
| [capsule formation in the causative agent of glanders]. | electron-microscopic and electron-cytochemical method were used to indicate the capability of pseudomonas mallei (str. n 10230) to produce extracellular slime during the agent growth on the meat-peptone agar. in case of guinea pigs infection the agent forms a capsule that defends the pathogen from phagocytosis. | 1991 | 2067426 |
| [detection specificity of an optimal solid-phase enzyme immunoassay for pseudomonas aeruginosa and pseudomonas mallei]. | the evaluation and application of an enzyme-immunoassay (eia) for the detection of pseudomonas (ps.) aeruginosa and ps. mallei is described. polystyrene beads (1/4'') as the solid-phase are prepared by coating the balls with purified igg from the serum of rabbits (9-12 micrograms/bead) in coating-buffer ph 9.6. after washing the balls they are saturated with 10% bsa or 10% fcs in pbs-tween 20. the bacteria bound to the coated balls are detected by the specific peroxidase labelled igg. this eia u ... | 1990 | 2125173 |
| development of an avidin-biotin dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and its comparison with other serological tests for diagnosis of glanders in equines. | a dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot elisa) was developed for diagnosis of glanders in equines. the test was based on the detection of igg antibodies to pseudomonas mallei antigens bound to nitrocellulose coated on plastic strips (dipsticks), the reaction being amplified by an avidin-biotin system with biotinylated anti-horse igg and horseradish peroxidase-avidin d. sera from 810 normal, six naturally infected and 48 sensitized equines were tested by this assay, and results were compared ... | 1990 | 2247938 |
| [immunomodulating activity of rna mononucleotides]. | the immunological action of rna mononucleotides was studied in animal experiments. the most pronounced activation of macrophagal glycolysis urea cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, lysosomal hydrolases was induced by uridine 5'-monophosphate (5'-ump) and guanosine 5'-monophosphate (5'-gmp); 5'-gmp also induced the maximum increase of the expression of fc gamma receptors. 5'-ump ensured cell activation comparable with the total action of all mononucleotides. 5'-ump and 5'-gmp, used in combination, ... | 1988 | 2452537 |
| [a method of fixation and disinfection of microbial cells on magnetic sorbents]. | the 96% ethanol has been found fairly effective for the fixation and disinfection of yersinia pestis, vibrio cholerae, pseudomonas mallei, and pseudomonas pseudomallei after their contact with magnetic polyacrylamide sorbents containing specific immunoglobulins for ligands. such step is recommended for the quantitative immunofluorescence test employed for rapid analysis, diagnosis, and identification of the above microorganisms. | 1989 | 2474712 |
| [the use of the plasmid pth10 for isolating the donor strains of pseudomonas mallei]. | the plasmid pth10 was transfered by conjugation into the pseudomonas mallei strains. an attempt to construct the donor strains using the widely known technique employing the homology between the plasmid and chromosome due to the transposon tn1 carried by the plasmid was unsuccessful. among the clones resistant to bacteriophage prd1 the variants were selected with the supposed integration of the plasmid into the chromosome. the latter clones required the ability to transfer the auxotrophic chromo ... | 1989 | 2664486 |
| [sensitivity of pseudomonas mallei to sulfanilamide combinations in vitro]. | it was shown that 9 strains of p. mallei were sensitive to sulfanilamides and their combinations with trimethoprim: sulfamonomethoxine + trimethoprim (2.5:1), sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim (5:1) and sulfazin + trimethoprim (2.5:1 and 5:1). in regard to multiple lowering of the minimum bactericidal concentration of both drugs the combinations of sulfazin with trimethoprim (5:1 or 2.5:1) and sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim (5:1) or biseptol proved to be the most active. the activity of the su ... | 1989 | 2730215 |
| in vitro susceptibility of pseudomonas mallei to antimicrobial agents. | pseudomonas mallei was isolated from pus samples obtained from 34 mallein-positive horses. the isolates were subjected to in vitro sensitivity test using 16 different antimicrobial discs. all isolates (34) were sensitive to sulfamethizole, gentamycin, tetracycline, sulfathiazole, kanamycin, tobramycin, streptomycin and a combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole while none of them were sensitive to cephalothin, colistin, ampicillin, penicillin and nitrofurantoin. rifapicin, chloramphenico ... | 1989 | 2776405 |
| [the effect of mating conditions on the effectiveness of transmitting rp4 plasmids in pseudomonas mallei]. | | 1986 | 3271265 |
| [possible use of the indirect hemagglutination reaction for determining the sensitivity of the bacteria of glanders and melioidosis to antibiotics]. | the use of ihat for rapid assay of antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria causing malleus and melioidosis was shown to be possible. pure bacterial cultures and suspensions of the spleen of infected animals were used as the investigation objects. the materials were additionally grown in meat-peptone broth with 5 per cent of glycerol at 37 degrees c with addition of an antibiotic or without it (control). antibiotic efficacy was estimated by the difference in the titers in the main and control experime ... | 1986 | 3740827 |
| [spontaneous genetic transformation in pseudomonas pseudomallei]. | spontaneous genetic transformation has been registered in pseudomonas pseudomallei cells. transforming frequencies registered reach 10(-4)-10(-5). spontaneous transformation has been simulated for pseudomonas pseudomallei in soil. intrageneric spontaneous transformation has been demonstrated to occur between pseudomonas pseudomallei and pseudomonas mallei. | 1985 | 3842757 |
| [glanders outbreak in lions in the istanbul zoological garden]. | | 1986 | 3964210 |
| [antigenic similarities of whitman bacillus and glanders bacillus. trial analysis by immunofluorescence]. | | 1971 | 4117005 |
| [comparative action of malleomyces mallei, pseudomonas pseudomallei and pseudomonas aeruginosa on various nitrogen substances]. | | 1965 | 4953183 |
| [thermostable antigens of pseudomonas pseudomallei and of malleomyces mallei and their characteristics in common]. | | 1967 | 4961924 |
| [the ultrastructure of the agent of glanders]. | | 1972 | 5086019 |
| [mechanism of natural penicillin resistance of inducers of glanders and melioidosis]. | | 1969 | 5392672 |
| nucleic acid similarities among pseudomonas pseudomallei, pseudomonas multivorans, and actinobacillus mallei. | annealing experiments on membrane filters were carried out with deoxyribonucleic acids (dna) from selected strains of the nomen-species of pseudomonas, actinobacillus, chromobacterium, and micrococcus, with the use of dna of pseudomonas pseudomallei and actinobacillus mallei as reference materials. under the usual conditions employed in these experiments, the results were not quantitatively reproducible. incorporation of dimethylsulfoxide (dmso) into the incubation medium greatly increased diffe ... | 1970 | 5438051 |
| a comparative study of pseudomonas pseudomallei and bacillus mallei. | | 1966 | 5962362 |
| colonial variation in actinobacillus mallei. | | 1966 | 5969328 |
| growth of actinobacillus mallei in chemically defined media. | | 1966 | 5969329 |
| utilization of carbohydrates by actinobacillus mallei. | | 1966 | 5969330 |
| use of kanamycin for the isolation of auxotrophic mutants of actinobacillus mallei. | | 1966 | 5969331 |
| [nature of pseudomonas pseudomallei antigens common to some species of microorganisms]. | an antigen, common for the infective agents of glanders , tularemia, plague, pseudotuberculosis, cholera and brucellosis, has been obtained from the aqueous saline extract of p. pseudomallei by means of affinity chromatography on antibody sorbent. the isolated antigen has proved to be of a protein-polysaccharide-lipid nature, to have insignificant cathode mobility and to constitute a component of o-antigen. it has also been found to be antigenically related to the tissues of melioidosis-sensitiv ... | 1984 | 6203267 |
| [case of cure of human glanders in 1828]. | | 1983 | 6370174 |
| [precipitation of the antigens of the causative agents of plague, glanders and melioidosis using aqueous saline extracts of various plant species]. | the interaction of the aqueous saline extracts of 55 plant species with the antigens of the causative agents of plague, glanders and melioidosis in the reaction of immunodiffusion (rid) in gel has been studied. the aqueous saline extracts obtained from the seeds of 12 plant species have been revealed to possess precipitating capacity. at the same time these extract have been found to ensure, as a rule, rid with several antigens under test. | 1983 | 6419513 |
| [a study of the possibility of conjugated transmission of the rp4 plasmid from pseudomonas aeruginosa by strains of pseudomonas mallei and pseudomonas pseudomallei]. | | 1983 | 6443857 |
| [properties of auxotrophic mutants of pseudomonas mallei]. | | 1983 | 6575531 |
| demonstration of human antibodies to pseudomonas pseudomallei by indirect fluorescent antibody staining. | a rapid, reliable immunofluorescent assay for human antibodies to pseudomonas pseudomallei was devised. the method was found to be sensitive and specific by inhibition tests and by tests for cross reactivity with antisera and cells of closely related pseudomonads other than pseudomonas mallei. preliminary studies suggest that the technique may be useful as a screening test for the detection of melioidosis and that demonstration of specific igm by immunofluorescence may be of value in differentia ... | 1981 | 7029435 |
| [characteristics of the infectious process in animals susceptible and resistant to glanders]. | combined bacteriological, pathomorphological, luminescent-serological, and electron microscopic studies were used to elucidate some aspects of pathogenesis of glanders in animals with different susceptibility to this infection. the animals highly susceptible to glanders (golden hamsters) were shown to develop the infection of the sepsis type with granulomas of the exudative nature. in the animals highly susceptible to glanders the bacteria were proved experimentally to parasitize in a rod-shaped ... | 1982 | 7159234 |
| detection of pseudomonas pseudomallei by pcr and hybridization. | a molecular method for the detection of pseudomonas pseudomallei was developed on the basis of the differences in the 23s rrna sequences of related species of the genus pseudomonas. an 18-base oligonucleotide probe, designed following partial sequencing of 23s ribosomal dna (rdna), was used for the identification and detection of p. pseudomallei either by hybridization or by direct pcr. optimal detection was obtained by hybridization of the probe with pcr-amplified rdna rather than with total ge ... | 1994 | 7519629 |
| [identification of the bacterium pseudomonas mallei using pseudomonas pseudomallei bacteriophages]. | phage production by pseudomonas pseudomallei and pseudomonas mallei strains has been studied. 32 p. pseudomallei bacteriophages have been isolated. their spectrum of lytic action against p. pseudomallei, p. mallei and other pseudomonas sp. has been defined. it has been shown that p. pseudomallei bacteriophages pp19, pp23, pp33 may be used for identification p. mallei among related pseudomonas. | 1994 | 7527479 |
| purification and characterization of a protease from pseudomonas pseudomallei. | pseudomonas pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a glanders-like disease of humans and animals. the pathogenesis of melioidosis is not well understood, and the role of various extracellular enzymes produced by p. pseudomallei in the development of this disease is not known. the present studies were designed to purify and characterize an extracellular protease produced by p. pseudomallei isolates and to test the hypothesis that this protease may play a role in melioidosis. the prot ... | 1994 | 7528633 |
| [differentiation between glanders and melioidosis]. | | 1995 | 7538860 |
| [pseudomonas mallei and pseudomonas pseudomallei: introduction and maintenance of natural and recombinant plasmid replicons]. | comparative analysis of recipient activity of pseudomonas mallei, pseudomonas pseudomallei, and pseudomonas cepacia strains towards naturally occurring and recombinant plasmid replicons was carried out. autonomic broad host range vector plasmids based on rsf1010(incq) and psa(incw) replicons as well as integrative vectors based on psup202(co1e1) replicon have been constructed. the study has shown that naturally occurring plasmids rsf1010(incq), psa(incw), r15(incn), and rp4(incp) are being effic ... | 1995 | 7541512 |
| purification and characterization of an exopolysaccharide of burkholderia (pseudomonas) pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei (basonym pseudomonas pseudomallei) is the causative organism of melioidosis, a disease which is recognized as a major public health problem primarily in southeast asia and northern australia. in this paper, we report on the identification, purification, and characterization of a species-specific exopolysaccharide of b. pseudomallei. after immunization of mice with a b. pseudomallei strain exhibiting mucoid growth characteristics, we isolated an immunoglobulin g1 monoclo ... | 1995 | 7558305 |
| oligonucleotide primers designed to differentiate pathogenic pseudomonads on the basis of the sequencing of genes coding for 16s-23s rrna internal transcribed spacers. | universal primers targeting conserved sequences flanking the 3' end of the 16s and the 5' end of the 23s rrna genes (rdnas) were used to amplify the 16s-23s rdna internal transcribed spacers (its) from eight species of pseudomonads which have been associated with human infections. amplicons from reference strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa, pseudomonas cepacia, pseudomonas gladioli, pseudomonas mallei, pseudomonas mendocina, pseudomonas pickettii, pseudomonas pseudomallei, and xanthomonas maltoph ... | 1995 | 7583922 |
| [in vitro development of fluoroquinolone resistance in the glanders pathogen]. | to improve the scheme for the therapy of malleus, the possible development of fluoroquinolone resistance in the cells of pseudomonas mallei was studied. the frequency of the mutations determining the resistance to oxolinic acid, norfloxacin, enoxacin, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin was detected. the spectrum of the cross resistance in the strains was investigated. the influence of the resistance mutations on the culture virulence was studied. recommendations on the rational use of fluoroquinolones ... | 1994 | 7695437 |
| [effectiveness of treatment of experimental glanders after aerogenic infection]. | the in vitro studies revealed a number of promising drugs including gentamicin, doxycycline and minocycline for the treatment of malleus. the malleus causative agent was found to be highly susceptible to sulfamonomethoxine and biseptol as well as to imipenem and ofloxacin. cephalosporins were less active but in the therapeutic concentrations they inhibited the growth of pseudomonas mallei. in the treatment of golden hamsters infected subcutaneously by p. mallei ofloxacin proved to be the most ac ... | 1994 | 7695450 |
| potency of partially purified malleo-proteins for mallein test in the diagnosis of glanders in equines. | malleo-proteins from synthetic broth mallein of six strains of pseudomonas mallei were separated by trichloroacetic acid precipitation, ammonium sulfate precipitation and ultrogel aca 34 gel filtration chromatography. when tested comparatively with dutch ppd mallein as standard on p. mallei-sensitized and normal horses all the strains were found to be malleinogenic, trichloroacetic acid precipitated proteins were comparable to dutch ppd mallein in potency and innocuity whereas ammonium sulfate-p ... | 1994 | 7801539 |
| [evaluation of the potential of chemotherapy of glanders caused by pseudomonas mallei strains resistant to sulfanilamides and trimethoprim]. | a sulfanilamide resistant strain ts-5 of pseudomonas mallei was isolated in the experiments on sulfazine therapy of malleus. the spectrum and level of the strain cross resistance to sulfanilamides and trimethoprim were studied. the frequency of the surtrr mutants of p. mallei was determined. efficient antibacterial drugs for the therapy of malleus caused by the sulfanilamide resistant strain are recommended. | 1994 | 7840707 |
| [sensitivity of pseudomonas mallei to tetracyclines and their effectiveness in experimental glanders]. | mics and mbccs of minocycline, doxycycline, methacycline and chlortetracycline for 8 strains of pseudomonas mallei were determined. the chemotherapeutic efficacy of minocycline and doxycycline was studied on golden hamsters and their efficacy indices were estimated in comparison with those of chlortetracycline in the prophylaxis and treatment of experimental malleus. minocycline was shown to be the most efficient drug in the treatment of malleus. doxycycline in a dose of 0.25 mg/kg practically h ... | 1994 | 7857158 |
| [specific immune complexes and neutrophil injury test in the diagnosis of experimental glanders and melioidosis]. | the authors have demonstrated the possibility of using solid-phase enzyme immunoassay to detect specific circulating immune complexes without their preliminary separation in guinea pigs infected with pseudomonas mallei and pseudomonas pseudomallei. they have examined the prospects of using neutrophil injury test and solid-phase enzyme immunoassay for the detection of specific immune complexes as additional tests used to predict the outcome of an infectious process in glanders and melioidosis. | 1994 | 7894914 |
| [the efficacy of antibacterial preparations against pseudomonas mallei in in-vitro and in-vivo experiments]. | in vitro antibacterial activity of 43 antibiotics and chemotherapeutics against p. mallei ts-5 was studied. the causative agent of malleus was highly susceptible to sulfanilamides, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, ceftazidime and imipenem. 15 antibiotics and chemotherapeutics were tested for their therapeutic efficacy on golden hamsters with experimental malleus. combinations with trimetoprim (sulfaton and biseptol), 3rd generation quinolones (ciprofloxacin, enoxacin and ofloxac ... | 1994 | 7979790 |
| [hypothesis on the achean disease]. | a hypothesis on the achaean disease. analyzing the text in the light of the modern medical knowledge, the article traces a profile of the mortal illness described in the first book of homer's iliad. the disease was a severe, acute epidemic zoonosis, rapidly bringing death. first, it affected mules and dogs, then it involved men; the infection spread quickly and the number of deaths was high. these elements suggest that the illness occurred among the achaeans can be identified with glanders, an i ... | 1993 | 8233662 |
| [transduction of pseudomonas mallei bacteria]. | the transducing ability of 17 pseudomonas pseudomallei bacteriophages has been studied. five of them were found to be capable of transducing the transposon tn7 markers tpr, smr into the strain pseudomonas mallei c-5. the transduced bacterial recipients became lysogenic and acquired resistance to trimethoprim and streptomycin. transduction of transposon tn7 has been confirmed by dna-dna hybridization. | 1993 | 8396725 |
| serologic responses to the mallein test for glanders in solipeds. | | 1993 | 8466990 |
| [pseudomonas pseudomallei and pseudomonas mallei--capsule-forming bacteria]. | the specific features of the submicroscopic structure of the causative agents of melioidosis and glanders, grown in culture media and at the initial stages of experimental infection in guinea pigs and golden hamsters, were studied with the use of electronic cytochemistry and immunocytochemistry. p. pseudomallei and p. mallei were found to be capsule-forming bacteria. according to the data obtained with the use of electronic cytochemistry, the basis of the capsular substance p. pseudomallei and p ... | 1995 | 8525729 |
| biological warfare in the twentieth century: lessons from the past, challenges for the future. | biological warfare and fear of biological warfare have affected our wars, our peace, and our research throughout this century. during world war i, animals were deliberately infected with glanders. during world war ii, biowarfare research was carried out by japan, germany, england, and the united states. japan carried out biological warfare attacks in china. england used biological warfare for the assassination of reinhard heydrich. in the 1950s and 1960s, army researchers released bacteria over ... | 1995 | 8538887 |
| [monoclonal antibodies in the differentiation of pseudomonas mallei and pseudomonas pseudomallei]. | | 1995 | 8553724 |
| [the comparative evaluation of methods for the serological diagnosis of glanders]. | | 1995 | 8553781 |
| [a methodology for determining reservoirs of the causative agents of sapronoses]. | comparative ecological strategy for choosing the causative agents of melioidosis and glanders, pseudotuberculosis and plague after mcarthur [correction of macartura] and wilson were studied. the kinetic analysis of the populations of these bacilli in the steppe neocultured chestnut soil formed a basis of the study with the consideration of data on their growth and death in artificial culture media. to identify the types of selection, the authors defined the rate of growth, the level of populatio ... | 1995 | 8587519 |
| [the outlook for improving the immunoglobulin preparations for the detection and identification of the causative agents of glanders and melioidosis]. | the paper summarizes the data concerning the production and study of monoclonal antibodies (mab) to the diagnostically significant glanders and melioidosis bacillus antigens. it evaluates the efficiency of using mab in the gel immunodiffusion and agglutination tests as a basis of new-generation preparations for fluorescent antibody assay, indirect hemagglutination test which are used while detecting and identifying pathogenic pseudomonads. the paper defines the quality indices for monoclonal lum ... | 1995 | 8587520 |
| [various indices of the infectious process in treatment of glanders in monkeys]. | the time course of the clinical, biochemical and serological indices was studied during the treatment of malleus in monkeys. the internal organs of the animals infected with pseudomonas mallei were investigated pathomorphologically. the efficacy of the biseptol/oxalinic acid combination in the therapy of malleus was estimated. | 1996 | 8762819 |
| [resistance of pseudomonas mallei to tetracyclines: assessment of the feasibility of chemotherapy]. | the spectrum of cross resistance in tetracycline resistant strains of pseudomonas mallei was studied. possible use of antibacterial drugs in the prevention and treatment of mallel due to such strains was investigated in the experiments on golden hamsters and monkeys. it was shown that the efficacy of the minocycline therapy depended on the level of the strain resistance to tetracycline antibiotics. the combination of biseptol and ofloxacin proved to be highly efficient in the treatment of mallei ... | 1995 | 8830639 |
| [conjugative transfer and expression of r plasmids of the genus pseudomonas in the cells of pseudomonas mallei c-5]. | conjugative transfer of the incompatibility group plasmids inc p-2, inc p-3, inc p-4 and inc p-5 as well as the plasmids of pseudomonas sp. of an unknown incompatibility group to the cells of pseudomonas mallei c-5 was shown possible for the first time. the inheritance of the transferred plasmids and the expression of the markers of resistance to antibacterial drugs were stable. clones with reserved virulence, lowered virulence and no virulence were detected among the transconjugants. the result ... | 1996 | 8967797 |
| [recovery rate in chemotherapy of glanders]. | it was shown that out of all the studied methods for the estimation of the recovery rate in animals with experimental malleus the solid-phase enzyme immunoassay with parallel growing of the test material and subsequent isolation of the antigens and l-forms proved to be the most efficient. in addition to the routine criteria of the recovery the malleinic test was a valuable diagnostic means for the estimation of the recovery rate and the efficacy of the antibacterial drugs in a model of guinea pi ... | 1996 | 9054315 |
| [an acute septic course of melioidosis after a stay in thailand]. | two weeks after returning from a trip to thailand a 79-year-old man developed a higher fever, pain in the right flank and progressive clouding of consciousness. she had meningism on admission. | 1997 | 9072482 |
| [creation of genomic dna libraries for pseudomonas mallei and pseudomonas pseudomallei]. | the genomic libraries of p. mallei and p. pseudomallei species were constructed in escherichia coli. the chromosomal dna of p. pseudomallei c-141 strain has been cloned into the cosmid vector phc79 and the broad host range plasmid vector pes154. the chromosomal dna of p. mallei [symbol: see text]-5 strain has been cloned into the plasmid vector psup202. the recombinant clones of the genomic libraries were screened by the enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (elisa) to detect the production of pse ... | 1997 | 9082182 |
| [the sensitivity of pseudomonas mallei strains to antibacterial preparations in in-vitro experiments on a cell culture model]. | the cytopathogenic action of p. mallei on macrophages of golden hamsters and transplantable hep-2 cell culture was studied. it was shown that the culture test systems may be efficient in estimation of the p. mallei virulent properties. the effect of antibacterial drugs on intracellular p. mallei was also studied. | 1996 | 9214280 |
| [the pathomorphology and pathogenesis of glanders in laboratory animals]. | the pathomorphology and cell-mediated response of the body to burkholderia mallei in laboratory animals, highly sensitive and resistant to these bacteria. in the comparative study of the pathomorphology and pathogenesis of glanders in golden hamsters and white rats quantitative and qualitative differences in the histogenesis of response reaction and the morphology of immunocompetent organs were established. cell-mediated reactions play a greater role in the limitation of the early spread of b. m ... | 1997 | 9245146 |
| [homeostatic changes in monkeys in a model of glanders]. | some aspects of homeostasis impairment in monkeys infected with pseudomonas mallei were investigated. the levels of the hormonal shifts, complement components, beta 2-microglobulin and prostaglandins evident of the infection severity were estimated. the pathomorphological profiles of various forms of malleus in the primates were studied. | 1997 | 9254584 |
| [immunogenic potential of glanders and melioidosis agents]. | unlike the glanders agent, the superficial structures of the melioidosis agent were demonstrated to be responsible for marked was immunosuppressive activity. some antigenic fractions suppressing the blast transformation of lymphocytes, reducing the count of t helpers and profoundly potentiating the infection in vivo were isolated from p. pseudomallei cells. the immunogenic and immunosuppressive activities of both agents' superficial structures were studied by high performance chromatography. ant ... | 1997 | 9289277 |
| [effect of tra-system of plasmids rp4 and r68.45 on pseudomonas mallei virulence]. | in pseudomonas mallei, spontaneous mutants (tra- mutants) of the plasmids rp4 and r68.45, losing the ability to transfer at conjugation are formed. the plasmids rp4 and r68.45 with tra(+)-phenotype caused a decrease in p. mallei virulence for laboratory animals. at the same time, tra- mutants of these plasmids do not affect p. mallei virulence. the insertion of dna fragment of about 1900 bp into the plasmid transfer gene regions (tra-2-tra-3) gave rise to rp4 and r68.45 tra mutations detectable ... | 1997 | 9289278 |
| [the transfer of antibacterial resistance to recipients highly sensitive to glanders]. | in multiple experiments on golden hamsters, highly sensitive to glanders, the method of the transfer of antibacterial resistance was worked out. the most positive effect was obtained after the subcutaneous injection of saline-suspended marrow cells, obtained from white rats, infected with burkholderia mallei c5 in a single inoculation and passaged through noninfected white rats 5 times. out of 60 golden hamsters, treated with such material and subsequently (on day 21) injected with 1.0 x 10(2) b ... | 1997 | 9304339 |
| [the principles of the therapy of glanders in monkeys]. | the effect of pathogenetic therapy in the normalization of homeostasis disturbances in monkeys has been shown under experimental conditions. data on the possibility of using hemosorption in the treatment of severe forms of glanders are presented. the conclusion on the necessity of using complex treatment for the effective therapy of glanders in humans has been made. | 1998 | 9532692 |
| [a great franco-mauritian epidemiologist: joseph désiré tholozan (1820-18970]. | born in 1820 from french parents in diego garcia, an islet then linked to mauritius where he started in port-louis his school years, joseph désiré tholozan was an original personality. he undertook medical studies in france (m. d. thesis, paris, 1843) after having joined the military health service (1841) as a surgeon serving in various garrisons in the country and later at the hospital of the valde-grâce in paris (1849). successful at the "agrégation" of medicine in 1853, he later participated ... | 1998 | 9559181 |
| development and characterization of a murine monoclonal antibody reactive with a 64 kda somatic antigen of burkholderia cepacia. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to burkholderia cepacia were produced from mice immunized with inactivated whole-cell antigen. for screening of resulting mabs an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used. a stable hybridoma cell line (bc-2) producing specific antibodies to a 64 kda somatic antigen from b. cepacia was established. in elisa and immunoblotting analysis the mab bc-2 recognized all tested strains of b. cepacia whereas no cross-reaction with 32 pseudomonas aeruginosa strains was ... | 1998 | 9627054 |
| molecular procedure for rapid detection of burkholderia mallei and burkholderia pseudomallei. | a pcr procedure for the discrimination of burkholderia mallei and burkholderia pseudomallei was developed. it is based on the nucleotide difference t 2143 c (t versus c at position 2143) between b. mallei and b. pseudomallei detected in the 23s rdna sequences. in comparison with conventional methods the procedure allows more rapid identification at reduced risk for infection of laboratory personnel. | 1998 | 9705426 |
| equine glanders in turkey. | in the course of an epidemiological study of glanders on a number of turkish islands in the sea of marmara, 1128 horses were examined by using the intracutaneous mallein test. thirty-five (3-1 per cent) developed an increase in rectal temperature and a swelling at the point of injection. ten of these horses were killed and glanders was confirmed in five cases by the presence of lesions and by the immunohistological demonstration of the causative agent, burkholderia mallei. clinical and pathologi ... | 1999 | 10209817 |
| serodiagnosis of equine piroplasmosis, dourine, and glanders using an arrayed immunoblotting method. | | 1999 | 10353365 |
| the hamster model of intraperitoneal burkholderia mallei (glanders). | thirty-one female syrian hamsters (mesocricetus auratus) were inoculated intraperitoneally with a lethal dose of burkholderia mallei (budapest strain). hamsters were killed postinoculation on days 0 through 6. lesions were first noted in the spleens on postinoculation day 1, and in mediastinal and mesenteric lymph nodes, mediastinum, liver, and bone marrow on day 2. lesions were present in the lung and submandibular lymph nodes on day 3, and in the brain on day 5. the characteristic histopatholo ... | 1999 | 10421094 |
| [burkholderia mallei and burkholderia pseudomallei. study of immuno- and pathogenesis of glanders and melioidosis. heterologous vaccines]. | parameters of the infectious activity of b.mallei and b.pseudomallei for animals of various species were determined. pathomorphological characteristics of the process of malleus and melioidosis were studied on golden hamsters, mice, guinea pigs, rats and monkeys. tularemia, plague and salmonellosis vaccines were shown to have protective effects in experimental malleus and melioidosis. an insignificant cross immune response between the malleus and melioidosis pathogens was observed. | 1999 | 10422574 |
| rapid identification of burkholderia pseudomallei in blood cultures by a monoclonal antibody assay. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis. in northeast thailand, this gram-negative bacterium is a major cause of mortality from septicemia. the definitive diagnosis of this disease is made by bacterial culture. in this study, we produced a monoclonal antibody (mab) specific to the 30-kda protein of b. pseudomallei by in vivo and in vitro immunization of balb/c mice with a crude culture filtrate antigen. the mab could directly agglutinate with all 243 clinical isolates of ... | 1999 | 10523570 |
| in vitro susceptibilities of burkholderia mallei in comparison to those of other pathogenic burkholderia spp. | the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibilities of isolates of burkholderia mallei to 16 antibiotics were assessed and compared with the susceptibilities of burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia cepacia. the antibiotic susceptibility profile of b. mallei resembled that of b. pseudomallei more closely than that of b. cepacia, which corresponds to their similarities in terms of biochemistry, antigenicity, and pathogenicity. ceftazidime, imipenem, doxycycline, and ciprofloxacin were active against ... | 1999 | 10543761 |
| protease production by burkholderia pseudomallei and virulence in mice. | the aim of this study was to assess protease production and virulence of various burkholderia pseudomallei strains. protease activity was evaluated in filtrates from cultures grown for 50 h in tsb dialysate by azocasein hydrolysis, and expressed as absorbancy at 405 nm. virulence was assessed in 8 weeks old swiss mice, by intraperitoneal injection of 6-6 x 10(5) cfu, and the ld50 was calculated after 30 days by the method of reed and muench. the lethal activity was studied for five strains of b. ... | 2000 | 10674652 |
| procedurally similar competitive immunoassay systems for the serodiagnosis of babesia equi, babesia caballi, trypanosoma equiperdum, and burkholderia mallei infection in horses. | procedurally similar competitive enzyme-linked immunoassay (celisa) methods were developed for the serodiagnosis of babesia equi and babesia caballi (piroplasmosis), trypanosoma equiperdum (dourine), and burkholderia mallei (glanders) infections in horses. apparent test specificities for the b. equi, b. caballi, t. equiperdum, and b. mallei celisas were 99.2%, 99.5%, 98.9%, and 98.9%, respectively. concordances and kappa values between the complement fixation (cf) and the celisa procedures for t ... | 2000 | 10690775 |
| comparison of efficacy of ciprofloxacin and doxycycline against experimental melioidosis and glanders. | melioidosis and glanders are caused by the closely related species burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia mallei, respectively. whereas melioidosis is a significant cause of morbidity in south-east asia, glanders is extremely rare. the efficacies of ciprofloxacin and doxycycline were assessed against a strain of b. pseudomallei and a strain of b. mallei which were susceptible to both antimicrobials in vitro. porton outbred mice and syrian hamsters were given 40 mg/kg of either doxycycline or ... | 2000 | 10837435 |
| laboratory-acquired human glanders--maryland, may 2000. | on may 5, 2000, the baltimore city health department was notified by hospital infection-control staff of a serious systemic febrile illness in a microbiologist whose research at the u.s. army medical research institute of infectious diseases (usamriid) involved several pathogenic bacteria, including burkholderia mallei, the causative agent of glanders. this report summarizes the first human case of glanders in the united states since 1945, and emphasizes the importance of considering occupationa ... | 2000 | 10923853 |
| [the role of capsule formation in burkholderia mallei for its persistence in vivo]. | when studied in vivo (in guinea pigs) with the use of electron microscopy, b. mallei (strains c-5, 10230) were found to form a capsule. in the subacute course of infection, the encapsulated forms of b. mallei parasitized mainly in the cells of the system of mononuclear phagocytes in the liver, the spleen and the lungs. the capsule formed by b. mallei was shown to be one of the factors facilitating its persistence in the body. | 2000 | 10925882 |
| melioidosis research in china. | research on melioidosis and its pathogen has been ongoing in china for more than two decades. it has been demonstrated that the natural foci are located predominantly in hainan, guangdong and guangxi province, where there is a good correlation between soil isolation and the serum prevalence of antibodies to burkholderia pseudomallei. the cases of melioidosis reported up to now are concentrated in the hainan and zhanjiang peninsula. investigations on serotype, virulence, ecology, antibiotic susce ... | 2000 | 11080506 |
| mouse model of sublethal and lethal intraperitoneal glanders (burkholderia mallei). | sixty male balb/c mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with either a sublethal or a lethal dose of burkholderia mallei china 7 strain, then killed at multiple time points postinoculation. histopathologic changes were qualitatively similar in both groups and consisted of pyogranulomatous inflammation. in sublethal study mice, changes were first seen at 6 hours in mediastinal lymph nodes, then in spleen, liver, peripheral lymph nodes, and bone marrow at day 3. these changes generally reached max ... | 2000 | 11105952 |
| detection of bacterial virulence genes by subtractive hybridization: identification of capsular polysaccharide of burkholderia pseudomallei as a major virulence determinant. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiologic agent of melioidosis, is responsible for a broad spectrum of illnesses in humans and animals particularly in southeast asia and northern australia, where it is endemic. burkholderia thailandensis is a nonpathogenic environmental organism closely related to b. pseudomallei. subtractive hybridization was carried out between these two species to identify genes encoding virulence determinants in b. pseudomallei. screening of the subtraction library revealed a ... | 2001 | 11119486 |
| identification of the acid phosphatase (acpa) gene homologues in pathogenic and non-pathogenic burkholderia spp. facilitates tnphoa mutagenesis. | burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia mallei are pathogens responsible for disease in both humans and animals. burkholderia thailandensis, while phylogenetically similar, is considered avirulent in comparison. these three species exhibit phosphatase activity when grown on media containing chromogenic substrates such as 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate (xp). tn5-ot182 mutagenesis has been utilized to isolate mutants of b. pseudomallei and b. thailandensis unable to hydrolyse xp. sequence ... | 2001 | 11160805 |
| [brief review of the history of zoonoses]. | by studying the surviving documents describing surveillance and methods of control of zoonoses in the distant past, the history of the fight against these diseases can be retraced. prior to the 20th century, the best known zoonoses were, amongst others, rabies, anthrax, glanders, tuberculosis, plague, yellow fever, influenza, and certain zoonotic parasitic diseases. an analysis of historical events yields a number of lessons as to the positive and negative influences of past theories regarding t ... | 2000 | 11189711 |