| molecular characterization of serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae isolates representing serotypes 8 and 9. | the study described here was carried out to further characterize reference strains of serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae representing serotypes 8 and 9. results obtained from restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, enteropathogenicity testing, and endotoxin profiles confirmed their identifications. electron microscopy indicated that both strains were covered with a thin layer of capsule-like material. immunoblot analysis indicated that an antigen in the 19-kda region of proteinase k ... | 1992 | 1280646 |
| a camp-like phenomenon in serpulina (treponema) spp. | a camp-like phenomenon was observed in 40 serpulina (treponema) isolates from the intestines of pigs, dogs, mice and rats. the strains examined included reference strains of the serotypes 1-4 of serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae and serpulina (treponema) innocens. the possible pathogenic importance of this phenomenon is discussed. | 1992 | 1486230 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of dna from human intestinal spirochetes. | hindiii cleaved human intestinal spirochete genomic dna was cloned into the plasmid vector pbluescript. the inserts from three of these clones (prb.c33, prb.c47 and prb.f11) successfully hybridized with dna from the nine human intestinal spirochetes used in this study. the fourth insert (from clone prb.a8) failed to hybridize with dna from two of these isolates (hrm4 and hrm9), and, all four of the inserts hybridized with the m1 strain of swine intestinal spirochete treponema innocens. hybridiza ... | 1992 | 1644136 |
| detection and identification of treponema hyodysenteriae by using oligodeoxynucleotide probes complementary to 16s rrna. | oligodeoxynucleotide probes (17 and 28 bases long) complementary to a unique region of treponema hyodysenteriae 16s rrna were developed. these probes bound specifically to partially purified rrna and whole-cell rrna of t. hyodysenteriae. no binding to partially purified rrna or whole-cell rrna of treponema innocens, treponema succinifaciens, treponema bryantii, or escherichia coli occurred under stringent conditions. the 28-base probe was 5 to 10 times more sensitive than the 17-base probe when ... | 1990 | 1704013 |
| reclassification of treponema hyodysenteriae and treponema innocens in a new genus, serpula gen. nov., as serpula hyodysenteriae comb. nov. and serpula innocens comb. nov. | the intestinal anaerobic spirochetes treponema hyodysenteriae b78t (t = type strain), b204, b169, and a-1, treponema innocens b256t and 4/71, treponema succinifaciens 6091t, and treponema bryantii rus-1t were compared by performing dna-dna reassociation experiments, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of cell proteins, restriction endonuclease analysis of dna, and 16s rrna sequence analysis. dna-dna relative reassociation experiments in which the s1 nuclease method was used ... | 1991 | 1704792 |
| proposal to change the genus designation serpula to serpulina gen. nov. containing the species serpulina hyodysenteriae comb. nov. and serpulina innocens comb. nov. | the bacterial genus serpula stanton et al. 1991 is illegitimate due to the existence of a fungal genus serpula pers. ex s. f. gray. consequently, a new genus designation, serpulina, is proposed for this spirochete genus. serpula hyodysenteriae, the type species, and serpula innocens stanton et al. 1991, therefore, become serpulina hyodysenteriae comb. nov. and serpulina innocens comb. nov. | 1992 | 1736966 |
| evaluation of the an-ident system and an indole spot test for the rapid differentiation of porcine treponemes. | the an-ident strip system (analytab products inc., st-laurent, quebec, canada) was evaluated for its ability to differentiate treponema hyodysenteriae from treponema innocens. of the 20 tests included on this strip, 15 yielded identical results for the two species. among the other five assays, none could be considered as a positive discriminator for the two species. however, when an indole spot test with 1% p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde was used in parallel, all reference strains and 97% of the ... | 1991 | 1761697 |
| identification of treponema hyodysenteriae and treponema innocens using two four-hour identification systems. | two 4-hour identification systems, the rapid-anaii (innovative diagnostic systems) and the ani card (vitek systems), were used to identify isolates of treponema hyodysenteriae and t. innocens. twenty-one isolates of t. innocens and 53 isolates of t. hyodysenteriae were tested with both systems. with the ani system, alpha-galactosidase was the only test that differentiated the two species. with the rapid-anaii system, alpha-galactosidase and indole tests allowed differentiation of the two species ... | 1991 | 1911990 |
| phylogenetic analysis of the spirochetes. | the 16s rrna sequences were determined for species of spirochaeta, treponema, borrelia, leptospira, leptonema, and serpula, using a modified sanger method of direct rna sequencing. analysis of aligned 16s rrna sequences indicated that the spirochetes form a coherent taxon composed of six major clusters or groups. the first group, termed the treponemes, was divided into two subgroups. the first treponeme subgroup consisted of treponema pallidum, treponema phagedenis, treponema denticola, a thermo ... | 1991 | 1917844 |
| minimal inhibitory concentrations of five antimicrobials against treponema hyodysenteriae and treponema innocens. | the minimal inhibitory concentrations of carbadox, dimetridazole, lincomycin, ronidazole, and tiamulin against isolates of treponema hyodysenteriae and treponema innocens were determined by an agar-dilution method. the results obtained indicated that tiamulin was the most effective antimicrobial in vitro against t. hyodysenteriae, followed by carbadox. dimetridazole, lincomycin, and ronidazole had poor efficacy in vitro against the t. hyodysenteriae isolates. isolates of t. innocens were more se ... | 1990 | 2095283 |
| [lectin agglutination for the characterization of intestinal treponema isolates from different animal species]. | the study presents the results of lectin-associated agglutinations of intestinal strains of treponemes isolated from pigs, dogs, mice and rats. at all 95 isolates are investigated, within the type strains for treponema hyodysenteriae serotype 1-4 and treponema innocens. reactions with concanavalin a and the limulus-polyphemus-lectin are often seen (twenty lectins used). three out of four type strains for treponema hyodysenteriae show an identical pattern of reaction, which is often seen in trepo ... | 1990 | 2403335 |
| multiplication in liquid medium of treponema sp. isolated from intestinal contents of swine. | treponema hyodysenteriae and treponema innocens were multiplied by a simple culture method in liquid medium. tsb medium was prepared by the pras method in plasma bottles containing glass beads. spirochaetes were injected through the rubber stopper and the bottles were incubated while revolving round their axes. the most abundant growth of spirochaetes in rotary culture was observed after 72 h incubation at 40 degrees c. whereas the highest number of viable cells in stationary culture was observe ... | 1985 | 2412405 |
| comparative analysis of the genomes of intestinal spirochetes of human and animal origin. | the aim of the present work was to compare the genomes of 21 strains of intestinal spirochetes, which were isolated from patients suffering intestinal disorders, with those of treponema hyodysenteriae (strain p18), the known etiological agent of swine dysentery (bloody scours), and of a nonpathogenic strain (m1) of treponema innocens. the percent guanine-plus-cytosine value of the 23 dnas was found to be 25.5 to 30.1, as determined by a double-labeling procedure based on nick-translation by dna ... | 1989 | 2535832 |
| extensive colonization of the porcine colonic epithelium by a spirochete similar to treponema innocens. | specimens of colonic mucosa from two pigs with diarrhea were examined by light and electron microscopy. the epithelial surfaces of both pigs were extensively colonized by large spirochetes morphologically compatible with treponema hyodysenteriae or treponema innocens. the microorganisms were intimately attached end-on to the luminal cells. a weakly beta-hemolytic spirochete similar to t. innocens was isolated from the colon of one of the pigs. | 1989 | 2745690 |
| comparison of the biological responses induced by lipopolysaccharide and endotoxin of treponema hyodysenteriae and treponema innocens. | the chemical composition and classical biologic activities of lipopolysaccharide (lps; phenol-water) and endotoxin (butanol-water) preparations from virulent treponema hyodysenteriae and avirulent treponema innocens were examined. the lps and endotoxin preparations from t. hyodysenteriae b204 contained approximately 80.9 and 35.2% hexose, 0.12 and 0.45% thiobarbituric acid-reactive compound, and less than 1 and 11.3% protein, respectively. the lps and endotoxin preparations of t. innocens b1555a ... | 1989 | 2917784 |
| lipooligosaccharides from treponema hyodysenteriae and treponema innocens. | lipooligosaccharides from treponema hyodysenteriae serotypes 1 through 7, attenuated t. hyodysenteriae serotypes 1 and 2, and five strains of t. innocens were extracted with hot phenol water. the extracts were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis separation and analyzed by lipopolysaccharide selective silver staining and western blot (immunoblot) immunodetection. silver staining revealed the presence of two bands that ranged between 18,000 and 24,000 daltons and ... | 1988 | 3182075 |
| identification of the major antigens of treponema hyodysenteriae and comparison with those of treponema innocens. | eleven strains of treponema hyodysenteriae isolated from pigs with swine dysentery were examined by using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. t. hyodysenteriae strains formed a homogeneous group with respect to sodium dodecyl sulfate-soluble proteins. however, immunoblotting with antiserum from rabbits immunized with t. hyodysenteriae cn8368 revealed heterogeneity among the lipopolysaccharide complexes of different strains. polypeptides of molecular weig ... | 1988 | 3356459 |
| characterization of the agent of swine dysentery based on deoxyribonucleic acid homology. | chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acids (dnas) of five strains formally assigned to treponema hyodysenteriae and treponema innocens have been compared. the results of dna-dna-hybridization indicate that all the strains belong to the same species. the very low guanine-plus-cytosine values between 24.7 and 29.7 mol% are regarded as further evidence in favour of the reclassification of the swine dysentery agent as borrelia hyodysenteriae (comb. nov. blaha). | 1988 | 3394447 |
| evaluation of selective media for primary isolation of treponema hyodysenteriae and treponema innocens. | a total of 2450 samples of feces, intestinal contents and colon mucosal scrapings were bacteriologically examined. a total of 53 strains of treponema sp. were isolated, and 45 strains of bacteroides sp., 30 strains of e. coli, 30 strains of micrococcus sp. and 10 strains of streptococcus d isolates were randomly selected. growth promoting studies showed statistically significant stimulation of treponema sp. growth by yeast extract, chicken egg yolk and rumen fluid. different growth inhibitors we ... | 1986 | 3533408 |
| molecular characterization of proteins from porcine spirochetes. | sonicated preparations of treponema hyodysenteriae and treponema innocens were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blot analysis. treponemal proteins were electrophoresed on a 10% polyacrylamide slab gel in a discontinuous tris-glycine system and either stained with coomassie blue dye or transferred electrophoretically at 20 ma for 16 h and 30 ma for 3 h to nitrocellulose paper. staining of the gels revealed at least 42 distinct t. hyodysenteriae an ... | 1986 | 3536749 |
| electron microscopy studies of human intestinal spirochetes. | the ultrastructure of twenty human intestinal spirochetes was analyzed using the electron microscope. negatively stained cells were generally found to be loosely and irregularly waved. the isolates had cell dimensions ranging from 0.18-0.35 micron in width and from 3.9-14.2 micron in length. twin bundles of flagella were present in the space between the cytoplasmic membrane and the outer membrane. the majority of isolates had five flagella inserted sub-terminally at each cell end. human intestin ... | 1987 | 3609249 |
| electron microscopic studies on the interaction between normal mice peritoneal phagocytes and treponema hyodysenteriae, treponema innocens and bacteroides vulgatus. | one hundred and twenty female mice (cf1 strain) were divided into three groups of 40. the first group was injected intraperitoneally with broth cultures of treponema hyodysenteriae. the second group was injected with a combination of t. hyodysenteriae and bacteroides vulgatus. the third group was injected with treponema innocens. peritoneal wash from four mice of each group was collected at eight time intervals postinjection, then prepared for and examined by light and electron microscopy. perit ... | 1986 | 3742364 |
| autoclaved liquid medium for propagation of treponema hyodysenteriae. | three liquid media that differ slightly in composition but not in the method of preparation were developed for the propagation of treponema hyodysenteriae and treponema innocens. the three media are unique in that all components are sterilized by autoclaving before use. these media supported better growth of t. hyodysenteriae than did previously used liquid media. | 1986 | 3771757 |
| comparison of stained smears and culturing for identification of treponema hyodysenteriae. | a comparative study was made of stained fecal smears and cultured fecal swabs for identification of the large spirochetes treponema hyodysenteriae and treponema innocens. feces were obtained by swabbing rectums, colons, and stools of nonexposed swine and swine experimentally exposed to swine dysentery. in this study there was a significant (p less than 0.001) correlation between the observation of one or more large spirochetes on stained slides and obtaining either a strong or a weak beta-hemoly ... | 1983 | 6195187 |
| detecting anti-treponema hyodysenteriae antibodies in swine serum using immunofluorometry. | an indirect fluorescent antibody test was adapted for measuring serum anti-treponema hyodysenteriae antibodies with a fluorometer. the immunofluorescence was recorded as fluorescent signal units. cultures of t. hyodysenteriae and treponema innocens were used as antigen. there was a significant (p less than 0.01) correlation between the immunofluorescence recorded with the fluorometer and that evaluated visually with a microscope. the swine exposed orally to swine dysentery infective inoculum and ... | 1983 | 6357409 |
| isolation of treponema hyodysenteriae from wild rodents. | rodents from swine-producing farms were examined for the presence of treponema hyodysenteriae. wild mice (n = 257) and rats (n = 41) were trapped on eight farms. ceca were removed aseptically, and the contents and mucosal scrapings were cultured on selective medium (blood agar containing 400 micrograms of spectinomycin per ml). t. hyodysenteriae was detected in the cecal scrapings of four mice from three different farms where swine dysentery had occurred. gross lesions were detected in the ceca ... | 1982 | 7050159 |
| treponema innocens lipids and further description of an unusual galactolipid of treponema hyodysenteriae. | the lipids of treponema innocens, type strain b256, formerly considered a nonpathogenic isolate of t. hyodysenteriae, have been analyzed and compared with the lipids of t. hyodysenteriae. the lipids of t. innocens comprised 16% of the cell dry weight. polar lipids amounted to about two-thirds of the total lipids and consisted of 61.9% phospholipids and 38.1% glycolipid. neutral lipids consisted mainly of sterols. the phospholipids were principally phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, and c ... | 1980 | 7410314 |
| production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against serpulina hyodysenteriae and s. innocens and their use in serotyping. | murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed against serotypes 1, 2, 8, and 9 of serpulina hyodysenteriae and strain b256 of serpulina innocens were produced and characterized. a serological classification of 96 field strains of s. hyodysenteriae and 28 field strains of s. innocens isolated from pigs showing clinical signs of swine dysentery was performed by rapid dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with the mabs. the results indicated that the majority of the field strains of s. hyody ... | 1995 | 7494066 |
| production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific for lipooligosaccharide of serpulina hyodysenteriae. | serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae is the causative agent of swine dysentery, a contagious mucohemorrhagic disease of the colon. diagnosis of swine dysentery is extremely difficult because of the presence of cross-reactive antibodies to the proteins of s. hyodysenteriae and serpulina innocens, a nonpathogenic inhabitant of the porcine large intestine. therefore, monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the serotype-specific lipooligosaccharide (los) antigens of s. hyodysenteriae were produced to r ... | 1995 | 7559965 |
| pathogenicity of human and porcine intestinal spirochetes in one-day-old specific-pathogen-free chicks: an animal model of intestinal spirochetosis. | one-day-old chicks were infected orally with two strains of weakly hemolytic spirochetes isolated from a human and a pig with intestinal spirochetosis. these spirochetosis both colonized birds, attached end-on to their cecal enterocytes, induced watery diarrhea, and significantly depressed growth rates. cultures of serpulina innocens failed to colonize the chicks. | 1995 | 7642310 |
| comparative study of the enzyme activities of borrelia burgdorferi and other non-intestinal and intestinal spirochaetes. | comparative analysis of the enzymatic profiles of 58 spirochaetal isolates clearly differentiated borrelias from leptospires, serpulinas and a treponeme. strains of both borrelia burgdorferi and borrelia hermsii characteristically produced significant amounts of leucine arylamidase. this enzyme activity was not unique to borrelias but was also detected amongst pathogenic and non-pathogenic leptospira serovars. this fact, however, did not hamper a correct differentiation of borrelias from these s ... | 1995 | 7760753 |
| identification of a new intestinal spirochete with pathogenicity for chickens. | two intestinal spirochete isolates obtained from chickens with diarrhea were examined by electron microscopy, biochemical tests, rrna gene restriction pattern analysis, and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. one isolate (strain 91-1207/c1) was pathogenicity tested in vivo in chickens. the chicken spirochetes were morphologically indistinguishable from serpulina innocens and serpulina hyodysenteriae and phenotypically similar to s. innocens. however, the chicken spirochetes could be distinguished ... | 1995 | 7822007 |
| identification and characterization of serpulina hyodysenteriae by restriction enzyme analysis and southern blot analysis. | chromosomal dna restriction enzyme analysis and southern blot hybridization were used to characterize serpulina hyodysenteriae strains. when chromosomal dnas from selected strains (reference serotypes) of s. hyodysenteriae were digested with the restriction endonuclease sau3a and hybridized with a 1.1-kb s. hyodysenteriae-specific dna probe, a common 3-kb band was always detected in s. hyodysenteriae strains but was absent from serpulina innocens strains. when the chromosomal dna was digested wi ... | 1994 | 7914209 |
| production of an inducible sucrase activity by serpulina hyodysenteriae. | strains of serpulina hyodysenteriae and serpulina innocens produced a cell-associated sucrase activity when grown in a medium containing sucrose. s. hyodysenteriae b204 sucrase activity cleaved sucrose and, to a lesser extent, raffinose and had a ph optimum of 5.7 to 6.2. this is the first report of an inducible enzyme produced by either s. hyodysenteriae or s. innocens. | 1994 | 7944375 |
| chemotactic response to mucin by serpulina hyodysenteriae and other porcine spirochetes: potential role in intestinal colonization. | chemotaxis of porcine spirochetes towards a variety of mucins was measured quantitatively by a capillary method. a chemotaxis buffer consisting of 0.01 m potassium phosphate buffer (ph 7.0) and 0.2 mm l-cysteine hydrochloride was necessary for chemotaxis of spirochetes. the optimum incubation time and incubation temperature were 1 h and 40 degrees c, respectively. the mucin concentration also affected the chemotaxis observed, and a concentration of 1% (wt/vol) was near the optimum. virulent serp ... | 1994 | 8063433 |
| rapid detection of serpulina hyodysenteriae in diagnostic specimens by pcr. | a pcr assay for the detection of serpulina hyodysenteriae in diagnostic specimens was developed on the basis of sequence analysis of a recombinant clone designated pred3c6. clone pred3c6, which contained a 2.3-kb dna fragment unique to s. hyodysenteriae, was identified by screening a plasmid library of s. hyodysenteriae isolate b204 genomic dna in escherichia coli by colony immunoblot with the mouse monoclonal antibody 10g6/g10, which was produced against cell-free supernatant antigens from the ... | 1994 | 8077394 |
| pathogenicity of porcine intestinal spirochetes in gnotobiotic pigs. | twelve intestinal spirochete strains of porcine origin were characterized on the basis of their phenotypic properties, by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, and by pathogenicity testing in gnotobiotic pigs. the spirochetes used included two strains of serpulina hyodysenteriae (b204 and p18a), two strains of serpulina innocens (b256 and 4/71), one strain from the proposed new genus and species "anguillina coli" (p43/6/78), and seven non-s. hyodysenteriae strains recently isolated from united king ... | 1994 | 8188364 |
| a species-specific periplasmic flagellar protein of serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae. | we have previously reported that a 46-kda protein present in an outer membrane protein preparation seemed to be a species-specific antigen of serpulina hyodysenteriae (z. s. li, n. s. jensen, m. bélanger, m.-c. l'espérance, and m. jacques, j. clin. microbiol. 30:2941-2947, 1992). the objective of this study was to further characterize this antigen. a western blot (immunoblot) analysis and immunogold labeling with a monospecific antiserum against this protein confirmed that the protein was presen ... | 1993 | 8253687 |
| identification and partial characterization of a group of weakly beta-hemolytic intestinal spirochetes of swine distinct from serpulina innocens isolate b256. | comparative analyses of a group of 16 weakly beta-hemolytic spirochetes isolated from feces and mucosal scrapings of intestines of swine in the midwestern united states, and eastern canada revealed the existence of a phenotypically and genotypically related group of 7 isolates. although isolates in this group differed from all known reference isolates of intestinal spirochetes of swine, partial similarity was detected with s. joneseae isolate 16, a newly identified weakly beta-hemolytic intestin ... | 1993 | 8296452 |
| characterization of two dna probes specific for serpulina hyodysenteriae. | two dna probes, one 1.1- and one 0.75-kb probe, specific for serpulina hyodysenteriae were isolated from a genomic library generated from virulent s. hyodysenteriae 5380. these probes are highly specific and react with all s. hyodysenteriae strains tested. under stringent conditions, the dna probes did not react with the nonpathogenic species serpulina innocens or with other species of enteric bacteria, including escherichia coli. both probes are able to detect s. hyodysenteriae in colony blot h ... | 1993 | 8349750 |
| phenotypical characterisation of intestinal spirochaetes isolated from pigs. | a combined evaluation of the phenotypical properties of five serpulina type or reference strains and 163 swedish isolates of spirochaetes from pigs and two from birds was made. the porcine isolates were collected from herds with a history of dysentery or severe diarrhoea and from herds chosen at random. on the basis of beta-haemolysis, indole production, hippurate hydrolysis, and alpha-galactosidase, alpha-glucosidase and beta-glucosidase activity, the isolates could be divided into four main gr ... | 1995 | 8525077 |
| serpulina pilosicoli sp. nov., the agent of porcine intestinal spirochetosis. | phenotypic and genetic traits of porcine intestinal spirochete strain p43/6/78t (= atcc 51139t) (t = type strain), which is pathogenic and weakly beta-hemolytic, were determined in order to confirm the taxonomic position of this organism and its relationships to previously described species of intestinal spirochetes. in bhis broth, p43/6/78t cells had a doubling time of 1 to 2 h and grew to a maximum cell density of 2 x 10(9) cells per ml at 37 to 42 degrees c. they hydrolyzed hippurate, utilize ... | 1996 | 8573497 |
| mitomycin c induction of bacteriophages from serpulina hyodysenteriae and serpulina innocens. | a prophage was induced from cells of the pathogenic spirochaete serpulina hyodysenteriae using mitomycin c. five to seven hours after mitomycin c was added (8 micrograms/ml, final concentration) to s. hyodysenteriae b204 cultures in bhis broth (od620 = 0.9) cell lysis was detected as a decrease in culture optical density. bacteriophage particles attached to whole cells and to cell debris were detected by electron microscopic analysis of negatively stained (2% pta, ph 7.0) bacteria harvested by c ... | 1995 | 8593962 |
| light microscopic and ultrastructural changes in the ceca of chicks inoculated with human and canine serpulina pilosicoli. | light microscopic and ultrastructural changes were observed in chicks challenged with north american serpulina pilosicoli, a weakly beta-hemolytic intestinal spirochete (wbhis) associated with human and canine intestinal spirochetosis. chicks in control groups received trypticase soy broth or canine serpulina innocens. the birds were necropsied at weekly intervals, and the ceca were processed for bacteriologic and pathologic examinations. no wbhis were isolated from the ceca of chicks in the con ... | 1996 | 8885181 |
| phenotypic and genotypic profiles of human, canine, and porcine spirochetes associated with colonic spirochetosis correlates with in vivo brush border attachment. | a group of phenotypically and genotypically distinct weakly beta-hemolytic intestinal spirochetes (wbhis) have been associated with a diarrheal disease of humans, dogs and swine, designated colonic spirochetosis (cs). because attachment of spirochetes to the brush border of colonic enterocytes is a consistent feature of cs, it may represent an important virulence mechanism. in this study, pure cultures of wbhis obtained from humans, dogs, and swine with clinical signs or lesions of cs were compa ... | 1997 | 9192008 |
| immunoblot reactivity of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies with periplasmic flagellar proteins flaa1 and flab of porcine serpulina species. | the periplasmic-flagellum (pf) proteins of triton x-100-soluble and triton x-100-insoluble sodium dodecyl sulfate-treated fractions from reference and field strains of serpulina hyodysenteriae, serpulina innocens, and serpulina pilosicoli were characterized by western blotting with a rabbit polyclonal antibody (pab) specific for the 44-kda pf sheath protein of s. hyodysenteriae (z. li, f. dumas, d. dubreuil, and m. jacques, j. bacteriol. 175:8000-8007, 1993) and a murine monoclonal antibody (mab ... | 1997 | 9220154 |
| unification of the genera serpulina and brachyspira, and proposals of brachyspira hyodysenteriae comb. nov., brachyspira innocens comb. nov. and brachyspira pilosicoli comb. nov. | the phylogenetic positions of serpulina hyodysenteriae, serpulina innocens, serpulina pilosicoli and brachyspira aalborgi were studied. complete 16s ribosomal dna sequences of these three species and b. aalborgi revealed that their 16s rdna sequences were related more than 96.0%. the mol% guanine plus cytosine (g+c) of b. aalborgi dna was 27.1, and was similar to those of the 3 members of the genus serpulina. the homologous rates using 31p-labeled b. aalborgi chromosome dna in dna-dna reassociat ... | 1997 | 9251055 |
| pathogenicity of three strains of serpulina pilosicoli in pigs with a naturally acquired intestinal flora. | serpulina pilosicoli is an anaerobic spirochete which has been isolated from the colons of pigs with enteric disease. the clinical and pathologic features of experimental infections of conventional pigs (born by normal farrowing with a naturally acquired intestinal flora) with three strains of s. pilosicoli were determined in order to confirm the enteropathogenicity of this species. strains were derived from the colons of british pigs with colitis and passaged 8 to 10 times during expansion and ... | 1997 | 9284139 |
| outer membrane-associated serine protease of intestinal spirochetes. | pathogenic intestinal spirochetes cause damage to the intestinal mucosa of humans and animals by an unknown mechanism. the purpose of this study was to assess the pathogenic intestinal spirochetes serpulina hyodysenteriae, serpulina pilosicoli, and brachyspira aalborgi and the non-pathogenic commensal intestinal spirochetes serpulina innocens and treponema succinifaciens for protease activity. a partially heat stable, subtilisin-like, serine protease was identified in the outer membrane of all s ... | 1997 | 9297834 |
| recognition of two new species of intestinal spirochetes: serpulina intermedia sp. nov. and serpulina murdochii sp. nov. | on the basis of dna-dna hybridization data, nine intestinal spirochete strains were grouped into five genospecies. three of these genospecies were previously recognized serpulina species, serpulina hyodysenteriae (type strain, b78), serpulina innocens (type strain, b256), and serpulina pilosicoli (type strain, p43/6/78; previously "anguillina coli"). the other two genospecies were found to be new serpulina species, for which we propose the names serpulina intermedia sp. nov. (with type strain pw ... | 1997 | 9336899 |
| restriction fragment length polymorphism of the periplasmic flagellar flaa1 gene of serpulina species. | forty-one reference and field isolates of intestinal spirochetes representing serpulina hyodysenteriae, serpulina innocens, serpulina pilosicoli, brachyspira aalborgi, and nonclassified weakly beta-hemolytic intestinal spirochetes were compared by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) of the periplasmic flagellar (pf) flaa1 gene. six genetically distinct groups (i through vi), each with a unique rflp fingerprint pattern, were identified by southern blotting analysis of ecorv chromosoma ... | 1997 | 9384289 |
| canine intestinal spirochetes consist of serpulina pilosicoli and a newly identified group provisionally designated "serpulina canis" sp. nov. | the spirochetes inhabiting the large intestines of humans and animals consist of a diverse group of related organisms. intestinal spirochetosis caused by serpulina pilosicoli is a newly recognized enteric disease of human beings and animals with potential public health significance. the purpose of this study was to determine the species identity of canine intestinal spirochetes by comparing 30 isolates obtained from dogs in australia (n = 25) and the united states (n = 5) with reference strains ... | 1998 | 9666003 |
| serpulina alvinipulli sp. nov., a new serpulina species that is enteropathogenic for chickens. | strain c1t is an anaerobic spirochaete that causes intestinal disease in chickens. multilocus enzyme electrophoresis analysis and 16s rrna sequence comparisons have indicated that this spirochaete is a serpulina strain. in these investigations, various phenotypic and genomic properties useful for establishing a taxonomic identity for strain c1t were studied. as determined by electron microscopy, cells of the spirochaete measured 8-11 x 0.22-0.34 mum and had a typical spirochaete ultrastructure. ... | 1998 | 9734021 |
| identification of porcine intestinal spirochetes by pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of ribosomal dna encoding 23s rrna. | the brachyspira (formerly serpulina) species rrl gene encoding 23s ribosomal rna (rrna) was used as a target for amplification of a 517bp dna fragment by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the primers for pcr amplification had sequences that were conserved among brachyspira 23s rrna gene and were designed from nucleotide sequences of brachyspira hyodysenteriae, serpulina intermedia, brachyspira innocens and brachyspira pilosicoli available from the genbank database. digestion of pcr-generated prod ... | 2000 | 10889409 |
| cloning and dna sequence analysis of an immunogenic glucose-galactose mglb lipoprotein homologue from brachyspira pilosicoli, the agent of colonic spirochetosis. | colonic spirochetosis (cs) is a newly emerging infectious disease of humans and animals caused by the pathogenic spirochete brachyspira (formerly serpulina) pilosicoli. the purpose of this study was to characterize an antigen that was recognized by antibodies present in sera of challenge-exposed pigs. the gene encoding the antigen was identified by screening a plasmid library of human b. pilosicoli strain sp16 (atcc 49776) genomic dna with hyperimmune and convalescent swine sera. the predicted a ... | 2000 | 10899855 |
| prevalence of intestinal pathogens in danish finishing pig herds. | our aim was to determine the prevalence of the intestinal bacteria: lawsonia intracellularis, brachyspira hyodysenteriae, serpulina intermedia, brachyspira innocens, brachyspira pilosicoli, pathogenic escherichia coli (serogroups o138, o139, o141 and o149) and salmonella enterica in danish finishing pig herds. a total of 79 herds was randomly selected and visited during 1998. from each herd, 20 faecal samples were collected from individual pigs weighing 30-50kg. furthermore, 10 pooled pen sample ... | 2000 | 10960714 |
| risk factors for intestinal pathogens in danish finishing pig herds. | the objective of this investigation was to identify risk factors for infection with the intestinal bacteria: lawsonia intracellularis, brachyspira hyodysenteriae, serpulina intermedia, brachyspira innocens, brachyspira pilosicoli and swine-pathogenic escherichia coli (serogroups o138, o139, o141 and o149) in danish finishing pig herds.a total of 79 herds was randomly selected and visited during 1998. from each herd, 20 faecal samples were collected from individual pigs weighing 30-50 kg. in tota ... | 2001 | 11448502 |
| identification of brachyspira hyodysenteriae-specific dna fragments using representational difference analysis. | two novel brachyspira hyodysenteriae-specific dna fragments, designated as bh100 and bh400, were identified using representational difference analysis. to isolate the fragments the combined dna of the brachyspira pilosicoli, brachyspira intermedia, brachyspira murdochii and brachyspira innocens reference strains was subtracted from the genome of b. hyodysenteriae strain b204. both fragments were present in a single copy and mapped to different positions on the genome of b. hyodysenteriae b78(t). ... | 2002 | 12044671 |
| experimental infection of broiler breeder hens with the intestinal spirochaete brachyspira (serpulina) pilosicoli causes reduced egg production. | the pathogenic potential of the anaerobic intestinal spirochaetes brachyspira (serpulina) pilosicoli and brachyspira innocens was evaluated in adult chickens. thirty 17-week-old cobb broiler breeder hens were individually caged in three groups of 10 birds. control birds (group a) were sham inoculated with sterile broth medium. birds in the other two groups (groups b and c) were inoculated, respectively, with an isolate of b. innocens or of b. pilosicoli. birds were monitored daily, and killed at ... | 2002 | 12396362 |
| the distribution of bmpb, a gene encoding a 29.7 kda lipoprotein with homology to metq, in brachyspira hyodysenteriae and related species. | the distribution of the bmpb gene encoding bmpb, a 29.7 kda outer membrane lipoprotein of the intestinal spirochaete brachyspira hyodysenteriae, was investigated. using pcr, the gene was detected in all the 48 strains of b. hyodysenteriae examined and in brachyspira innocens strain b256t, but not in 11 other strains of b. innocens nor in 42 strains of other brachyspira spp. the gene was sequenced from b. innocens strain b256t and from 11 strains of b. hyodysenteriae. the b. hyodysenteriae genes ... | 2005 | 15863284 |
| assessment of diagnostics and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of brachyspira species using a ring test. | there is no ring test for quality assessment available in europe for diagnostics and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the fastidious, anaerobic bacteria of the genus brachyspira. therefore, an international ring test for brachyspira spp. was performed once a year during 2002-2004. two sets of coded samples were prepared and distributed on each occasion. one set comprised six swabs dipped in pig faeces spiked with brachyspira spp. intended for diagnostics. the other set comprised two pure ... | 2005 | 15982833 |
| amplification and sequencing of brachyspira spp. specific portions of nox using paraffin-embedded tissue samples from clinical colitis in austrian pigs shows frequent solitary presence of brachyspiramurdochii. | brachyspira infections are significant causes of enterocolitis in pigs. in order to differentiate pathogenic species (brachyspira (br.) hyodysenteriae, brachyspira pilosicoli) from less pathogenic or non-pathogenic species (brachyspira intermedia, brachyspira innocens, brachyspira murdochii) in paraffin-embedded tissue samples a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) protocol allowing identification of brachyspira at species level in archival material was developed. this approach was complemented by se ... | 2005 | 16213113 |
| the prevalences of brachyspira spp. and lawsonia intracellularis in swedish piglet producing herds and wild boar population. | the aim of the present study was to survey the prevalences of the enteric pathogens brachyspira hyodysenteriae, brachyspira pilosicoli and lawsonia intracellularis in swedish growing pigs and in the swedish wild boar population and to relate these findings to clinical signs. the study included 105 randomly selected herds, constituting approximately one third of swedish herds with a herd size of >100 sows. the herds were located all over the country. in these herds, growth promoters were not used ... | 2005 | 16283917 |
| reclassification of serpulina intermedia and serpulina murdochii in the genus brachyspira as brachyspira intermedia comb. nov. and brachyspira murdochii comb. nov. | a reassessment was undertaken of published characteristics of the five species of anaerobic intestinal spirochaetes in the genus brachyspira (brachyspira aalborgi, brachyspira alvinipulli, brachyspira hyodysenteriae, brachyspira innocens and brachyspira pilosicoli) and the two species in the genus serpulina (serpulina intermedia and serpulina murdochii). comparisons were made of published descriptions, including phenotypic properties, grouping by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, dna base compo ... | 2006 | 16627646 |
| manitoba. colitis associated with treponema innocens in pigs. | | 1988 | 17423127 |
| distribution of the clpx gene in brachyspira species and reactivity of recombinant brachyspira pilosicoli clpx with sera from mice and humans. | previously, a clpx gene encoding a predicted 67 kda membrane-associated atpase subunit of the clp protease (clpx) was identified in a porcine strain (95/1,000) of the intestinal spirochaete brachyspira pilosicoli. in the current study, the distribution of this large clpx gene was investigated in a collection of strains representing all seven brachyspira spp. using pcr with internal primers, an 878 bp portion of the gene was detected in 29 of 35 strains (83 %) of b. pilosicoli, 6 of 24 strains (2 ... | 2007 | 17577058 |
| prevalence, disease associations and risk factors for colonization with intestinal spirochaetes (brachyspira spp.) in flocks of laying hens in north-eastern italy. | the present study investigated the occurrence of anaerobic intestinal spirochaetes of the genus brachyspira in laying hen flocks in treviso province, north-eastern italy, with respect to prevalence, spirochaete species present, disease associations and risk factors for colonization. a total of 450 faecal samples from 45 sheds on 29 laying hen farms were cultured for intestinal spirochaetes. nineteen sheds on 12 farms contained chickens with symptoms consistent with avian intestinal spirochaetosi ... | 2008 | 18568654 |
| the intestinal spirochete brachyspira pilosicoli attaches to cultured caco-2 cells and induces pathological changes. | brachyspira pilosicoli is an anaerobic spirochete that has received relatively little study, partly due to its specialized culture requirements and slow growth. this bacterium colonizes the large intestine of various species, including humans; typically, a dense layer of spirochete cells may be found intimately attached by one cell end to the surface of colonic enterocytes. colonized individuals may develop colitis, but the mechanisms involved are not understood. the current study aimed to devel ... | 2009 | 20020053 |
| faecal excretion of intestinal spirochaetes by urban dogs, and their pathogenicity in a chick model of intestinal spirochaetosis. | this study aimed to obtain information about the types of spirochaetes colonising urban dogs in thailand, and to investigate their pathogenic potential in a day-old chick model of intestinal spirochaetosis. spirochaetes were isolated from the faeces of six of 47 (12.8%) healthy dogs and 11 of 104 (10.6%) dogs with diarrhoea. their biochemical properties and 16s ribosomal dna sequences were analysed. four isolates were identified as brachyspira pilosicoli, three resembled "brachyspira pulli", nin ... | 2011 | 21320714 |
| typing of brachyspira spp. from rodents, pigs and chickens on swedish farms. | the aim of the current study was to look for evidence of possible cross-species transmission of brachyspira species between rodents and farm animals. to do this, previously collected and characterised brachyspira isolates from rodents, pigs and chickens on the same farms were analysed by random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd). isolates with similar rapd banding patterns were further typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). identical isolates of brachyspira pilosicoli, brachyspira inter ... | 2011 | 21497461 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of brachyspira spp. isolated from commercial laying hens and free-living wild mallards (anas platyrhynchos). | in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility to tylosin, valnemulin, tiamulin, doxycycline, lincomycin and ampicillin was investigated by broth dilution in 48 brachyspira spp. isolates from commercial laying hens (n=30) and free-living wild mallards (anas platyrhynchos) (n=18). presumed pathogens (brachyspira alvinipulli, brachyspira intermedia, brachyspira pilosicoli), commensals (brachyspira murdochii, brachyspira innocens, "brachyspira pulli"), and isolates of undetermined species affiliation were i ... | 2011 | 21812718 |
| matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry for rapid identification of brachyspira species isolated from swine, including the newly described "brachyspira hampsonii". | the brachyspira species traditionally associated with swine dysentery and other diarrheal diseases in pigs are brachyspira hyodysenteriae, brachyspira pilosicoli, and, to a lesser extent, brachyspira murdochii. "brachyspira hampsonii" is a recently proposed novel species that causes clinical disease similar to that caused by b. hyodysenteriae. matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) systems are increasingly available in veterinary diagnostic la ... | 2014 | 25012082 |
| "brachyspira hampsonii" clade i isolated from belgian pigs imported to germany. | this report describes the detection of "brachyspira (b.) hampsonii" clade i in belgian pigs imported to germany. two of seventeen pigs from one herd were reported positive for brachyspira hyodysenteriae by culture in a belgian diagnostic laboratory, but negative for this brachyspira species by specific pcr. in this study, from 22 fecal samples and 2 colon contents of these animals various brachyspira species were cultured and identified by nox-rflp as brachyspira murdochii, brachyspira innocens ... | 2014 | 24332829 |
| comparison of atypical brachyspira spp. clinical isolates and classic strains in a mouse model of swine dysentery. | multiple brachyspira spp. can colonize the porcine colon, and the presence of the strongly beta-hemolytic brachyspira hyodysenteriae is typically associated with clinical swine dysentery. recently, several brachyspira spp. have been isolated from the feces of pigs with clinical disease suggestive of swine dysentery, yet these isolates were not identified as b. hyodysenteriae by genotypic or phenotypic methods. this study used a mouse model of swine dysentery to compare the pathogenic potential o ... | 2012 | 22770518 |
| identification of weakly haemolytic brachyspira isolates recovered from pigs with diarrhoea in spain and portugal and comparison with results from other countries. | weakly haemolytic anaerobic intestinal spirochaetes of the genus brachyspira are commonly identified based on species-specific gene sequences. apart from the pathogenic brachyspira pilosicoli, the distribution and disease associations of the other weakly haemolytic brachyspira species in pigs have not been comprehensively investigated. in this study weakly haemolytic brachyspira isolates (n=67) from spanish and portuguese pigs with diarrhoea, negative in a routine diagnostic pcr for b. pilosicol ... | 2013 | 23928181 |
| occurrence of viable brachyspira spp. on carcasses of spent laying hens from supermarkets. | brachyspira spp. are frequent inhabitants of the chicken's intestine and some have been associated with enteric disease in humans. we studied contamination with brachyspira spp. of carcasses of spent laying hens as a possible source of infections for humans and animals that may eat this meat. eleven batches of hen carcasses, for a total of 110 carcasses, were bought in belgian supermarkets during 2009-2010. carcass rinse samples were examined for the presence of brachyspira. brachyspira spp. wer ... | 2012 | 22986196 |