| [a comparative study of the effect of vinyl phosphoric acid esters on cholinesterase and carboxylesterase activities in mammals and arthropods]. | studies have been made of the effect of organophosphorus inhibitors on cholinesterase and carboxylesterase from various mammals (human erythrocytes, mouse brain, blood serum of mouse and rat, blood serum of horse) and arthropods (calliphora vicina, schizaphis graminum, myzus persicae, sitophilus oryzae, pseudococcus maritimus, tetranychus urticae). organophosphorus inhibitors were presented by esters of vynylphosphoric acid containing normal and branched alkyls in the phosphoryl part of the mole ... | 1990 | 2360379 |
| diversity of ampeloviruses in mealybug and soft scale vectors and in grapevine hosts from leafroll-affected vineyards. | the occurrence and diversity of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 (glrav-1) and grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (glrav-3) in the soft scales parthenolecanium corni and pulvinaria innumerabilis and in the mealybug pseudococcus maritimus was determined in leafroll-affected vineyards in the finger lakes region of new york. groups of 1 to 4 specimens were collected under loose grapevine bark and tested by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) for segments of the second d ... | 2009 | 19740031 |
| development of a multiplex pcr for identification of vineyard mealybugs. | a simple molecular tool was developed and tested to identify seven mealybug species found in north american vineyards: pseudococcus maritimus ehrhorn, pseudococcus viburni (signoret), pseudococcus longispinus (targioni-tozzeti), pseudococcus calceolariae (maskell), planococcus ficus (signoret), planococcus citri (risso), and ferrisia gilli gullan. the developed multiplex pcr is based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit one gene. in tests, this single-step multiplex pcr correctly i ... | 2011 | 22217778 |
| slowing the spread of grapevine leafroll-associated viruses in commercial vineyards with insecticide control of the vector, pseudococcus maritimus (hemiptera: pseudococcidae). | vineyards were surveyed for grapevine leafroll-associated viruses and their insect vectors in new york state's finger lakes region in 2006-2008. grape mealybug, pseudococcus maritimus (erhorn) (hemiptera: pseudococcidae), european fruit lecanium, parthenolecanium corni (bouche), and cottony maple scale, pulvinaria acericola (walsh and riley) (hemiptera: coccidae) were identified as vector species in this region. an increase in the incidence of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 (glrav-1) and ... | 2015 | 26223949 |
| sybr(®) green-based real-time quantitative reverse-transcription pcr for detection and discrimination of grapevine viruses. | a sybr(®) green-based real-time quantitative reverse transcription pcr (qrt-pcr) assay in combination with melt-curve analysis (mca) was optimized for the detection of nine grapevine viruses. the detection limits for simplex qrt-pcr for all nine grapevine viruses were estimated to be in the range of 214-1112 copies of the virus genome. amplicons with melting temperatures (tm) separated by at least 2°c in the mca could differentiate two viruses in the same reaction. therefore, eight of the nine v ... | 2016 | 27246908 |
| pseudococcus maritimus (hemiptera: pseudococcidae) and parthenolecanium corni (hemiptera: coccidae) are capable of transmitting grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 between vitis x labruscana and vitis vinifera. | the grape mealybug, pseudococcus maritimus (ehrhorn), and european fruit lecanium scale, parthenolecanium corni (bouché), are the predominant species of coccoidea in washington state vineyards. the grape mealybug has been established as a vector of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (glrav-3) between wine grape (vitis vinifera l.) cultivars, elevating its pest status. the objective of this study was to determine if glrav-3 could be transmitted between vitis x labruscana l. and v. vinifera by ... | 2013 | 24468559 |
| efficacy of silwet l-77 against several arthropod pests of table grape. | silwet l-77, an organosilicone surfactant, was applied to several arthropod pests of california table grapes. eggs of grape mealybug, pseudococcus maritimus (ehrhorn), and omnivorous leafroller, platynota stultana walsingham, were tolerant to 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5% treatment solutions; however, eggs of pacific spider mite, tetranychus pacificus mcgregor, were highly susceptible with mortality >99.4% (0.1% silwet l-77). mortality of immature and adult stages of cotton aphid (aphis gossypii glover), ... | 2003 | 12650369 |
| pheromone-based monitoring of pseudococcus maritimus (hemiptera: pseudococcidae) populations in concord grape vineyards. | the grape mealybug, pseudococcus maritimus (ehrhorn), is the dominant mealybug in washington's concord grape vineyards (vitis labrusca l.). it is a direct pest of fruit clusters and a vector of grapevine leafroll-associated viruses. using traps baited with the sex pheromone of ps. maritimus, we determined the optimal trap density for monitoring ps. maritimus, with the goal of providing a more rapid monitoring method for ps. maritimus than visual surveys. varying densities of pheromone-baited tra ... | 2013 | 23448065 |
| molecular and morphological identification of mealybug species (hemiptera: pseudococcidae) in brazilian vineyards. | mealybugs (hemiptera: pseudococcidae) are pests constraining the international trade of brazilian table grapes. they damage grapes by transmitting viruses and toxins, causing defoliation, chlorosis, and vigor losses and favoring the development of sooty mold. difficulties in mealybug identification remain an obstacle to the adequate management of these pests. in this study, our primary aim was to identify the principal mealybug species infesting the major table grape-producing regions in brazil, ... | 2014 | 25062012 |
| phylogenetic relationships of the endosymbionts of mealybugs (homoptera: pseudococcidae) based on 16s rdna sequences. | a portion of the gene coding for the 16s ribosomal rna from the endosymbionts of three species of mealybugs [pseudococcus longispinus (targioni-tozzetti), pseudococcus maritimus (ehrhorn), and dysmicoccus neobrevipes (beardsley)] was cloned, sequenced, and compared to a homologous fragment from bacteria representative of aphid endosymbionts as well as major subdivisions of the proteobacteria. parsimony analysis of the sequences indicated that the mealybug endosymbionts are related and belong to ... | 1992 | 1342920 |
| oxygen enhances phosphine toxicity for postharvest pest control. | phosphine fumigations under superatmospheric oxygen levels (oxygenated phosphine fumigations) were significantly more effective than the fumigations under the normal 20.9% atmospheric oxygen level against western flower thrips [frankliniella occidentalis (pergande)] adults and larvae, leafminer liriomyza langei frick pupae, grape mealybug [pseudococcus maritimus (ehrhorn)] eggs, and indianmeal moth [plodia interpunctella (hübner)] eggs and pupae. in 5-h fumigations with 1,000 ppm phosphine at 5 ... | 2011 | 22066172 |
| ethyl formate as a postharvest fumigant for selected pests of table grapes. | ethyl formate (ef) in combination with co2 was tested for control of arthropods commonly infesting california table grapes. in addition, table grape tolerance to ef exposure was evaluated. lc99 estimates were developed for target pests by using a range of ef concentrations (0.04-4.7% ef). response to treatments varied greatly between species, as well as life stages within species. western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), and adult and crawler stages of grape mealybug, pseudo ... | 2007 | 17849855 |
| pest response in packed table grapes to low temperature storage combined with slow-release sulfur dioxide pads in basic and large-scale tests. | the effect of low temperature storage combined with slow release sulfur dioxide pads was determined in basic laboratory and large-scale commercial tests on western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergande; grape mealybug, pseudococcus maritimus (ehrhorn); pacific spider mite, tetranychus pacificus mcgregor; twospotted spider mite, tetranychus urticae koch; and omnivorous leafroller, platynota stultana walshingham. temperatures within the foam containers among the packed clusters decrea ... | 2001 | 11561862 |
| physiological response of orchids to mealybugs (hemiptera: pseudococcidae) infestation. | the harmfulness of mealybugs resulting from sucking plant sap, secreting honeydew, and transmitting plant viruses can give them the status of serious pests. this study documents the influence of pseudococcus maritimus (ehrhorn) and pseudococcus longispinus (targioni tozzetti) infestation on alterations in selected physiological parameters of phalaenopsis x hybridum 'innocence'. the condition of the cytoplasmic membranes was expressed as the value of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. we ha ... | 2016 | 27780838 |
| reproductive biology of pseudococcus maritimus (hemiptera: pseudococcidae). | this study characterized several parameters associated with reproductive behaviors of a californian population of the grape mealybug, pseudococcus maritimus (ehrhorn). experiments with caged adults confirmed that females from this population could not reproduce parthenogenetically. both sexes were capable of mating multiple times on the same day and on sequential days. median times between copulations were short (< 10 min) on the first day that males were presented with females, but tended to in ... | 2012 | 22812135 |
| synthesis and bioassay of racemic and chiral trans-alpha-necrodyl isobutyrate, the sex pheromone of the grape mealybug pseudococcus maritimus. | a concise synthesis of the racemic form of the female-produced pheromone of the grape mealybug was developed. the synthesis was readily adapted to production of both enantiomers of the pheromone via lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution of an intermediate in the synthesis. replicated field trials revealed that, contrary to a preliminary report, the (r,r)- rather than the (s,s)-enantiomer is the attractive stereoisomer. lithium aluminum hydride reduction of the insect-produced compound to alpha-nec ... | 2010 | 20355717 |
| seasonal movement and distribution of the grape mealybug (homoptera: pseudococcidae): developing a sample program for san joaquin valley vineyards. | the grape mealybug, pseudococcus maritimus (ehrhorn), is an important pest of table grapes in california's san joaquin valley. the mealybug causes direct damage by infesting grape bunches, resulting in very low economic injury levels. to develop a sampling program to help growers predict damage and make control decisions, we destructively sampled six entire grapevines each month to determine mealybug abundance and within-vine distribution. these absolute counts were then used to evaluate several ... | 2001 | 11233128 |
| [cytology and cytochemistry of the mycetoma of pseudococcus maritimus (ehrhorn) (homoptera coccidae)]. | | 1967 | 4964539 |