| simulation of arbovirus overwintering: survival of toscana virus (bunyaviridae:phlebovirus) in its natural sand fly vector phlebotomus perniciosus. | a series of experiments were done to study the effect of simulated summer and winter temperatures on the development of phlebotomus perniciosus (diptera:psychodidae) and on the survival of toscana virus in transovarially infected insects. sand flies maintained at 28 degrees c developed relatively fast, with adults emerging from 40 to 55 days after initial oviposition. similar results were obtained with insects reared at 25 degrees c. in contrast, sand flies maintained at 15 degrees c developed s ... | 1992 | 1449197 |
| ootaxonomy and eggshell ultrastructure of phlebotomus sandflies. | the eggshell structure of four sandfly species: phlebotomus perniciosus newstead, p.perfiliewi parrot, p.papatasi scopoli and p.duboscqi neveu-lemaire, was examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (sem and tem). at the tem level, the eggshell appears to have a homogeneous vitelline envelope and a thick chorion. at sem level, the eggshell of all species is characterized by the outer chorion forming a series of fifteen to twenty longitudinal sinuous ridges, cross-linked in places ... | 1992 | 1421499 |
| free amino acids in wild-caught phlebotomus perniciosus and p. perfiliewi (diptera: psychodidae). | free amino acids occurring in wild phlebotomus perniciosus and p. perfiliewi were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography. for both species the total concentration of amino acids, per unit weight, is over three times greater in females than in males. qualitative inter-sex differences in amino acid compositions were also discovered: the most significant involving higher proportions of taurine and gamma-aminobutyric acid in females and higher proportions of arginine and glutamic acid ... | 1992 | 1339965 |
| [phlebotomus perniciosus newstead, 1911 naturally infected by promastigotes in the region of nice (france)]. | the authors report the results of investigations in nice from july, 16 to august, 3, 1991. the 2,098 phlebotomes captured represent three species: phlebotomus perniciosus, phlebotomus ariasi and sergentomyia minuta. two species: p. perniciosus and p. ariasi are infected with promastigotes. about 4% of dissected females are parasited. this is the first description in france of p. perniciosus infected. | 1992 | 1292799 |
| retrotransposons and evolution in phlebotomines. | the polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify a segment of the reverse transcriptase (rt) gene of putative retrotransposons from phlebotomus (larroussius) perniciosus, p. (l.) perfiliewi, p. (phlebotomus) papatasi and lutzomyia (lutzomyia) longipalpis. based on amino acid sequence comparisons with known rt genes, the amplified products of these species were shown to be derived from non-ltr retrotransposons related to the f element of drosophila melanogaster. the usefulness of this technique ... | 1991 | 1726736 |
| studies on mating plug of two sandfly species, phlebotomus perniciosus and phlebotomus papatasi (diptera: psychodidae). | a study was undertaken to interpret the nature and function of the "plug like formation" observed inside the spermathecae of many phlebotomine sandflies dissected during field surveys. trials were carried out on two laboratory reared species, phlebotomus perniciosus and p. papatasi. the results showed that the "plug like formation" is a true mating plug (mp) containing immotile sperms. our studies showed also that the mp evolves differently according to the physiological state of the mated femal ... | 1991 | 1841236 |
| experimental infections of a phlebotomus perniciosus colony using different procedures. | flies of two colonies of phlebotomus perniciosus established in italy and spain respectively, were infected with a leishmania infantum isolate from spain. only p. perniciosus from spain was completely found susceptible to the infection. experimental infections of p. perniciosus from spain with the same l. infantum isolate were carried out using rpmi or pbs as infective feeding mediums. the results demonstrate that using pbs it is possible to re-feed a great quantity of infected flies. | 1991 | 1841239 |
| on phlebotomus perniciosus newstead, 1911 (diptera, phlebotomidae) in the province of almeria in southeastern spain. | several studies of phlebotomine sandflies in the province of almería (southeastern spain) showed phlebotomus perniciosus to be the most abundant and wide-ranging number of the genus phlebotomus. samples collected during an entire year showed a population curve characterized by two peaks. morphological examinations of males revealed marked variability to the peneane valves, and the existence od specimens with intermediate features between p. perniciosus and p. longicuspis. dissections of females ... | 1991 | 1841241 |
| viruses transmitted by sandflies in italy. | five different phlebotomus-transmitted viruses have been isolated in italy. four of them belong to the bunyaviridae family (genus phlebovirus). sandfly fever sicilian and sandfly fever naples viruses were isolated from sick persons during world war ii, toscana and arbia viruses have been isolated more recently from phlebotomus perniciosus and p. perfiliewi. radi virus is the only phlebotomus-transmitted virus isolated in italy from p. perfiliewi, which belongs to the rhabdoviridae family (genus ... | 1991 | 1841253 |
| the sandflies of algeria. | twenty-two species of sandflies are known to be present in algeria: 12 phlebotomus and 10 sergentomyia. each species has its own ecological distribution except in the mountains of the central sahara where both mediterranean species and species of the ethiopian zoo-geographical area occur together. phlebotomus perniciosus and p. papatasi are the proven vectors of leishmania infantum visceral leishmaniasis and l. major cutaneous leishmaniasis respectively. | 1991 | 1841261 |
| susceptibility tests on phlebotomus perniciosus and phlebotomus perfiliewi wild populations in sicily. | in sicily, wild populations of phlebotomus perniciosus and p. perfiliewi were submitted in 1990 to who method for susceptibility to ddt, malathion and permethrin. p. perfiliewi has shown less susceptibility than p. perniciosus, mainly to ddt. | 1991 | 1841226 |
| laboratory rearing of phlebotomus perniciosus (diptera: psychodidae) and fungal growth problems. | one of the difficulties of growing sandflies in the laboratory is fungal contamination. this study of the laboratory rearing of phlebotomus perniciosus reports on the nature and circumstances of fungal contamination. fungal growth is favoured during winter and diapause. the harmful effects vary with the fungal species and the larval stages. the solution to the problem lies on the use of aseptic techniques and the avoidance of overfeeding. | 1991 | 1841234 |
| permethrin-impregnated curtains against phlebotomine sandflies (diptera: psychodidae): laboratory and field studies. | the efficacy of permethrin-impregnated nets against vectors of leishmaniases was evaluated in laboratory and field studies. permethrin-impregnated curtains were tested at different dosages in experimental tunnel against phlebotomus perniciosus and p. papatasi. the influence on feeding behaviour and the mortality rate post contact with the impregnated curtain were investigated. the vapour effect of permethrin on p. perniciosus adults confined less than 1 cm away from a treated net was also evalua ... | 1991 | 1841235 |
| [entomological survey of sandflies (diptera, psychodidae) in the province of l'aquila (abruzzo)]. | a survey on phlebotomine sandflies (diptera, psychodidae) was carried out in the province of l'aquila, abruzzo region (italy). ten collecting sites at altitudes between 700 and 1,070 m a.s.l., produced a total of 324 specimens (81.1% males), 72.86% being phlebotomus perniciosus, 3.08% p. mascittii, 0.30% p. papatasi and 23.76% sergentomyia minuta. the collecting sites at 1,070, 950 and 775 m a.s.l. are the highest levels recorded in italy for p. perniciosus, p. mascittii and p. papatasi, respect ... | 1991 | 1844502 |
| isoenzyme characterization of leishmania from man, dog and sandflies in the maltese islands. | as a part of a general survey on leishmaniases and sandflies of the maltese islands, 22 leishmania stocks were isolated from human visceral (1) and cutaneous (1) cases, dogs (16) and sandflies (4). they were characterized by the analysis of 15 enzymes. the commonest mediterranean l. infantum zymodeme, mon 1, was found to cause human and canine visceral leishmaniasis; l. infantum mon 78, which has so far been isolated only in malta, was the agent of human cutaneous leishmaniasis. both zymodemes w ... | 1991 | 1887474 |
| experimental studies on the maintenance of toscana and arbia viruses (bunyaviridae: phlebovirus). | transovarial transmission (tot) of toscana (tos) and arbia (arb) viruses in a laboratory colony of phlebotomus perniciosus is reported. toscana and arb viruses were maintained in p. perniciosus females, initially infected by intrathoracic inoculation, for 2 and 3 consecutive generations respectively. tot was demonstrated in f1 (75%) and f2 (67%) generation adults for tos and f1 (47%), f2 (37%), and f3 (34%) generation adults for arb virus. the progressive decline of virus infection rates in each ... | 1989 | 2545100 |
| experimental transmission of leishmania infantum by the bite of phlebotomus perniciosus from switzerland. | the possible role of the sandfly phlebotomus perniciosus in the transmission of leishmania infantum in southern switzerland was investigated. it was found that the syrian golden hamster (mesocricetus auratus) could be infected by the bite of experimentally infected p. perniciosus females from canton ticino, in southern switzerland. this showed that this sandfly species could indeed be a vector for l. infantum in this area. however, as the population density of p. perniciosus is relatively low in ... | 1990 | 1973022 |
| [leishmania infantum mon-1 isolated from phlebotomus perniciosus, in kabylia (algeria)]. | | 1990 | 2080833 |
| distribution of phlebotomine sandflies and the rate of their infection with leishmania promastigotes in the algarve, portugal. | four species of sandflies: phlebotomus (larroussius) perniciosus newstead, sergentomyia minuta (rondani), phlebotomus (paraphlebotomus) sergenti parrot and phlebotomus (larroussius) ariasi tonnoir, were collected, by aspiration and light traps, from three dog kennels and an area of high prevalence of human and canine visceral leishmaniasis in the algarve, portugal. midgut infections with leishmanial promastigotes were observed only in p. perniciosus with a minimum infection rate of 5%. the engor ... | 1989 | 2519654 |
| the promastigote surface protease of leishmania donovani infantum in the midgut of phlebotomus perniciosus. | | 1987 | 2892377 |
| leishmania infantum infection rates in phlebotomus perniciosus fed on naturally infected dogs under antimonial treatment. | dogs naturally infected with leishmania infantum nicolle were treated with three courses of meglumine antimoniate. changes were observed in the dogs' clinical signs, antibody titres and in infection rates of phlebotomus perniciosus newstead fed on the dogs. a large reduction in the sandfly infection rate was observed for 4-5 months after the first treatment. the use of antimonial drugs is advocated for the control of canine leishmaniasis and to reduce risks of l.infantum transmission. | 1987 | 2979550 |
| rna genome stability of toscana virus during serial transovarial transmission in the sandfly phlebotomus perniciosus. | we have carried out a t1 ribonuclease fingerprinting analysis of the rna genomes of toscana virus isolates from successive generations of an experimentally virus-infected laboratory colony of phlebotomus perniciosus sandflies. this analysis detected no virus rna genome changes during transovarial transmission of the virus over 12 sandfly generations (a period of almost 2 years). these results demonstrate that although rna viruses can exhibit high rates of mutational change under a variety of con ... | 1988 | 3140506 |
| [virus transmission to man from phlebotomus flies: role of the tuscany virus (bunyaviridae, phlebovirus) in the etiology of infections of the central nervous system]. | during field studies on the ecology of arboviruses in italy, strains of a new virus were isolated from sand flies, mostly females, of a pure colony of phlebotomus perniciosus collected in a central italian region (tuscany). the prototype was named toscana (tos) virus, assigned to the phlebotomus fever serogroup of arboviruses (family bunyaviridae, genus phlebovirus) and registered in 1980 in the international catalogue of arboviruses. neutralizing antibodies to tos virus were detected in human s ... | 1988 | 3152279 |
| maintenance of toscana virus in phlebotomus perniciosus by vertical transmission. | toscana virus was maintained in a laboratory colony of phlebotomus perniciosus by vertical (transovarial) transmission for 13 consecutive generations over a 23-month period. no significant biological changes were noted in the virus after prolonged vertical passage in the sand flies, and transovarially infected females were able to transmit the agent by bite to susceptible animals. chronic infection of ph. perniciosus with toscana virus had no apparent effect on the insects' rate of eclosion. in ... | 1987 | 3028194 |
| ecology of viruses isolated from sand flies in italy and characterized of a new phlebovirus (arabia virus). | a total of 84 virus strains was obtained from 16,374 male and female sand flies (phlebotomus perniciosus and p. perfiliewi) collected in two localities of tuscany region in italy between 1980 and 1985. thirty-seven (44%) were identified as toscana virus (family bunyaviridae, genus phlebovirus) and 47 (56%) as a new member of the phlebotomus fever serogroup, arbia virus. the characteristics of this new serotype are described. the overall virus isolation rate from sand flies was 0.5 per 100 insect ... | 1988 | 3128131 |
| leishmaniasis in sardinia. iii. soil analysis of a breeding site of three species of sandflies. | soil analysis was carried out on samples obtained from a breeding-site of the sandflies phlebotomus perniciosus newstead, p. perfiliewi perfiliewi parrot and sergentomyia minuta (rondani) in sardinia. soil texture, ph, caco3, organic matter and water content showed no correlation with the number of sandflies that emerged from the places where soil samples were taken. it appears that pre-imaginal stages of these phlebotomine sandflies are associated with a relatively stable, cool and humid enviro ... | 1988 | 2980160 |
| natural infections of phlebotomine sandflies with trypanosomatidae in central and south italy. | in a survey of leishmania infections of phlebotomine sandflies caught in central and south italy in 1986, zymodeme mon-1 (montpellier 1) of leishmania infantum was isolated from phlebotomus perniciosus and l. tarentolae [= trypanosoma platydactyli?] was isolated from sergentomyia minuta, providing for mainland italy the first direct proof of these long-suspected parasite-vector associations. the roles of p. perfiliewi and p. perniciosus in the transmission of leishmania spp. in italy are discuss ... | 1988 | 3188148 |
| laboratory tests of three repellents against phlebotomus perniciosus (diptera:psychodidae). | three topical repellents were evaluated against phlebotomus perniciosus using dose-response techniques. a total of 1800 laboratory reared nulliparous females of p. perniciosus, 2 to 15 days old, and 21 human volunteers were used. the effective dose (ed50 and ed90) for deet, indalone and mgk 11 has been determined. indalone and mgk 11 were more effective than standard deet. the data obtained indicate that p. perniciosus is highly sensitive to the repellents compared with other blood-sucking arthr ... | 1986 | 3603616 |
| biology of a laboratory colony of phlebotomus perniciosus (diptera: psychodidae). | | 1987 | 3669026 |
| [biology of a colony of phlebotomus perniciosus (diptera, psychodidae) ]. | | 1986 | 3752825 |
| leishmaniasis in sardinia: ii. natural infection of phlebotomus perniciosus newstead, 1911, by leishmania infantum nicolle, 1908, in the province of cagliari. | two promastigote-infected specimens of phlebotomus perniciosus newstead, 1911, were found in the province of cagliari, italy. the parasites from one specimen were successfully cultured in a hamster. the isolate was typed on 11 enzymes and shown to be identical with the reference strain of leishmania infantum s.st. this is the first typing of a leishmanial organism from naturally infected p. perniciosus. | 1986 | 3798544 |
| laboratory transmission of leishmania infantum to rattus rattus by the bite of experimentally infected phlebotomus perniciosus. | the role of the sandfly species phlebotomus perniciosus parrot in laboratory transmission of leishmania infantum was investigated. one of the wild reservoirs of the disease, the black rat (rattus rattus), was used as vertebrate host. the parasite was transmitted by the bite of experimentally infected p. perniciosus to the black rat which, six months later, was infective to the same sandfly species. these experimental data confirm the role of p. perniciosus in the transmission of l. infantum, as ... | 1985 | 4082264 |
| leishmaniasis in sardinia. i. observations on a larval breeding site of phlebotomus perniciosus, phlebotomus perfiliewi perfiliewi and sergentomyia minuta (diptera: psychodidae) in the canine leishmaniasis focus of soleminis (cagliari). | during the summer-autumn period of 1983 and 1984, 1408 specimens of phlebotomus perniciosus, 74 of p. perfiliewi perfiliewi and 35 of sergentomyia minuta were caught in emergence traps in a locality close to the village of soleminis, a canine leishmaniasis focus 15 km from cagliari, sardinia. all the flies were collected from a breeding site inside an abandoned cement building. male flies were highly predominant for all three species. a few larvae of p. perniciosus were also collected from the s ... | 1986 | 3800470 |
| [phlebotomus of portugal. i--natural infestation of phlebotomus ariasi tonnoir, 1921 and phlebotomus perniciosus newstead, 1911, by leishmania in the zoonotic focus of arrábida (portugal)]. | the author presents the results of a sandfly survey carried out in the zoonotic focus of arrábida for search of kala-azar vectors. the total of 195 dissected females belonged to the species sergentomyia (s.) minuta. phlebotomus (l.) ariasi and phlebotomus (l.) perniciosus. only the last two species were found parasitized by leishmania promastigotes: 2 females of p. ariasi (4.88%) and 3 females of p. perniciosus (2.01%). this is the first finding of natural infection of p. ariasi in portugal. | 1984 | 6508146 |
| [the genus leishmania in italy]. | seventy-four leishmania isolates collected in italy from six different regions where leishmaniases are endemic, have been typed. parasites have been isolated from: man (vl and cl), dog, black rat (rattus rattus), fox (vulpes vulpes) and geckoes (tarentola mauritanica and cyrtodactylus kotschyi). the isolates have been characterized by starch-gel electrophoresis for 9-16 enzymes whose mobility was compared with that of international reference strains for l. infantum, l. tropica, l. major, l. dono ... | 1985 | 3870639 |
| growth of two phleboviruses after experimental infection of their suspected sand fly vector, phlebotomus perniciosus (diptera: psychodidae). | phlebotomus perniciosus were infected by intrathoracic inoculation and membrane feeding techniques with two phleboviruses (toscana and arbia) isolated in italy from this sand fly species. low levels of multiplication of both viruses were detected after intrathoracic inoculation of the sand flies. only some insects were found infected after oral ingestion of the two viruses. the percentage of flies infected orally was related to the amount of virus ingested. toscana virus was transovarially trans ... | 1985 | 3918472 |
| [presence of the cysticeroid of hymenolepis brusatae vaucher, 1971, in phlebotomus perniciosus newstead, 1911 and phletotomus mascittii grassi, 1908]. | | 1971 | 5153513 |
| man-bait catch of phlebotomus perniciosus (diptera, psycodidae) in a human and canine leishmaniasis focus in central italy. | man-bait catches of phlebotomus perniciosus were carried out in a human and canine leishmaniasis focus in central italy (monte argentario, grosseto) to evaluate the man-sandfly contact of this vector. p. perniciosus females were collected biting on man outside, during the first hours of the night, when the local people are at risk. the results of these captures are discussed and the man-sandfly contact is considered in relation to the epidemiological aspects of the disease in the area under stud ... | 1984 | 6599999 |
| leishmaniasis in tuscany (italy): vii. studies on the role of the black rat, rattus rattus, in the epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis. | the recent finding that four leishmania isolates from rattus rattus are enzymologically identical to l. infantum, aetiological agent of human and canine visceral leishmaniasis in the mediterranean area, has stimulated further research on the role of r. rattus in the epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis in tuscany, italy. the present work has led to the following results: (a) r. rattus experimentally infected with l. infantum displayed a general resistance to the parasite, even though it appear ... | 1983 | 6636269 |
| leishmaniasis in sardinia: an introductory note. | preliminary data on a project planned in sardinia for the epidemiological study of leishmaniases are presented. twenty-six dogs were found infected in the south-western part of the island. nine isolates were successfully stabilated . in a canine leishmaniasis focus on the outskirts of cagliari, phlebotomus perniciosus was the predominant sandfly species (95%). in the same area, 28 specimens of rattus norvegicus were trapped and their spleen homogenate was injected into hamsters. no leishmania ha ... | 1983 | 6673847 |
| [epidemiologic aspects of visceral leishmaniasis in the province of granada]. | authors make a retrospective study in 18 children with kala-azar, considering in every case the following epidemiological aspects: age, sex, situation, time of the year and lethality. they have also studied the vector of this disease in some points in granada and after an adequate study concluded that the main vector of the kala-azar in the investigated zone is "phlebotomus perniciosus". they have detected as well a new species in spain, "plebotomus longicuspis", with a slight epidemiological in ... | 1983 | 6683950 |
| the karyotype of phlebotomus perniciosus with some observations on cytogenetics of phlebotominae in relation to the other psychodidae. | the karyotype of phlebotomus perniciosus has been described. this consists of five pairs of chromosomes and includes a pair of heterosomes of xy type. some observations on the karyotypic structure of phlebotominae based on the comparison between phlebotomus and lutzomyia and between phlebotominae and psychodinae have been made, taking into account the taxonomical and karyological situation of the two groups. | 1982 | 6926940 |
| [ecology of leishmaniasis in south france. 17. sampling of phlebotomus by the method of adhesive traps. comparison with the technic of capture on human bait]. | in the analysis of the ecology of foci of leishmaniasis in the south of france, a comparison was made of two methods of sampling the vector: the technique of oiled paper traps and of hand-catching off human bait. the techniques, used in parallel in a rural site (cévennes) and in an urban site (built up areas in marseilles) gave comparable results. in the cévennes focus of visceral leishmaniasis, phlebotomus ariasi tonnoir, 1921 is the dominant sandfly; in the urban focus, it is replaced by phleb ... | 1982 | 7168533 |
| infectivity of dogs naturally infected with leishmania infantum to colonized phlebotomus perniciosus. | a study was carried out on the infectivity to sandflies of 16 dogs naturally parasitized by leishmania infantum. all dogs were seropositive and the parasite had been isolated from all except one. they were divided into 3 clinical groups: 5 asymptomatic, 4 oligosymptomatic, and 7 polysymptomatic dogs. the dogs were exposed to female phlebotomus perniciosus from a local colony and 7 d later the fed females were dissected in order to determine their rate of infection. there was wide variability of ... | 1994 | 7570854 |
| identification of blood meals of phlebotomus perniciosus (diptera: psychodidae) in spain by a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay biotin/avidin method. | blood meals from phlebotomus perniciosus newstead, collected in four different places in spain, were identified to determine host-selection patterns. blood meals were tested using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) biotin-avidin method. results indicate that this species is an opportunist that feeds on those animals to which it has easiest access. however, some preferences were indicated, because the insect never fed on chickens and frequently fed on sheep at sites where bot ... | 1995 | 7616511 |
| [sandflies in italy: observations on their distribution and methods for control]. | the paper analyzes published and unpublished data of sandfly collections carried out in italy by one of the authors (m.m.) over a period of 18 years (1975-1993). these data are discussed in relation to the collection methods and the habitats. the leishmaniasis foci surveyed are localized in 11 regions of central and southern italy and in the two main islands, sicily and sardinia. five collection methods were used: i) sticky traps, ii) light traps, iii) window exit traps, iv) emergence traps, and ... | 1994 | 7637994 |
| natural infection of phlebotomus perniciosus with mon 72 zymodeme of leishmania infantum in the campania region of italy. | | 1994 | 7810389 |
| indirect xenodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in 10 hiv-infected patients using colonized phlebotomus perniciosus. | | 1994 | 8043238 |
| phlebotomus perniciosus newstead, 1911, infection by various zymodemes of the leishmania infantum complex in the granada province (southern spain). | this study presents the results of the isoenzymatic characterization of 21 strains of leishmania of sandfly (p. perniciosus) origin from the torvizcón area. it forms an integral part of a larger eco-epidemiological study of the alpujarras (granada province, southern spain). the strains analysed were shown to belong to the l. infantum complex based on the results of 15 enzymes. the electrophoretic profiles for the enzymes mdh, g6pd and np1 have permitted the identification of four zymodemes: gr-1 ... | 1994 | 8070958 |
| human serum resistant promastigotes of leishmania infantum in the midgut of phlebotomus perniciosus. | promastigotes of leishmania infantum develop from early-stage normal human serum (nhs) sensitive forms to a partially nhs resistant stage in the midgut of phlebotomus perniciosus. this development begins about day 7 after the sandfly has taken its initial infective bloodmeal. the onset of partial nhs-resistance occurs when mass proliferation of midgut promastigotes is already completed and the parasites have begun to differentiate into small, highly motile cells. in this parasite/vector interrel ... | 1993 | 8094588 |
| vertical transmission of toscana virus in the sandfly, phlebotomus perniciosus, via the second gonotrophic cycle. | | 1993 | 8369564 |
| formation and composition of the peritrophic membrane in the sand fly, phlebotomus perniciosus (diptera: psychodidae). | the secretion, morphology, and chemical composition of the peritrophic membrane was studied in the sand fly, phlebotomus perniciosus newstead. the membrane was secreted from the entire midgut epithelium. an electron-dense fine granular secretion, possibly chitin, was present along the length of the microvilli immediately until 24 h after feeding. from 12-48 h, an electron-lucid coarse granular component, possibly protein, was also secreted from the microvillar surface. by light microscopy, the m ... | 1993 | 8433325 |
| evolution of multiple families of non-ltr retrotransposons in phlebotomine sandflies. | in this paper we report on the diversity and distribution of a set of non-ltr retrotransposon (rtp) reverse transcriptase (rt) sequences isolated from phlebotomine sandflies, and their potential for investigating the evolutionary histories of members of this subfamily of flies (diptera:psychodidae, phlebotominae). the phlebotomine rt sequence families derived from one species were as different from each other as they were from rt sequences derived from other species. when each was used to probe ... | 1996 | 8690271 |
| aspects of sandfly biology in southern switzerland. | during three field surveys of phlebotomine sandflies in the region of sessa, minor malcantone, southern switzerland, annually 1987-89, phlebotomus perniciosus and p. mascittii were caught regularly by means of light traps, but only when the traps were in close association with humans. the most productive catching sites were in the middle of sessa village, in basements or partially closed shelters in the immediate vicinity of human dwellings. all catching sites outside the village were negative. ... | 1993 | 8481534 |
| [survey of phlebotomus neglectus tonnoir, 1921 (=p. major s.l.) in a leishmaniasis focus in northern italy (province of verona)]. | an entomological survey was carried out on leishmaniasis vectors (diptera: psychodidae) in north italy (verona province). a total of 382 sandfly specimens was caught by sticky traps in 6 collecting stations. the species identified were: phlebotomus perniciosus (62.3%), p. neglectus (= major s.l.) (5.2%), p. papatasi (2.1%), p. mascittii (0.3%) and sergentomyia minuta (30.1%). after the description of the olotype of p. neglectus by tonnoir (1921) in trieste (opicina), this is the first time that ... | 1995 | 8778665 |
| protection of dogs from bites of phlebotomine sandflies by deltamethrin collars for control of canine leishmaniasis. | dog collars made of pvc plastic impregnated with the pyrethroid insecticide deltamethrin at 40 mg/g were investigated for their protective efficacy against phlebotomine sandflies. collared dogs were kept separately (two untreated control dogs lived together) in outdoor enclosures, each with a kennel, in the cévennes, southern france. to measure sandfly mortality and anti-feeding effects due to the deltamethrin-impregnated collars worn continuously by the dogs for up to 8 months, each dog was per ... | 1997 | 9226637 |
| sandfly fever viruses in italy. | two serologically distinct agents, the sandfly fever sicilian and the sandfly fever naples viruses, were isolated by sabin from blood samples taken during an italian epidemic of febrile illness. since then, several different viruses have been isolated from sandflies and/or humans in both the old and new world. toscana virus, a new virus closely antigenically related to sandfly fever naples virus, was isolated in 1971 from the sandfly phlebotomus perniciosus in italy. extensive studies on the imp ... | 1996 | 8800804 |
| wing morphometry of phlebotomus perniciosus (diptera:psychodidae): calibration of methods with a laboratory population. | the wing morphometry of a laboratory-bred population of phlebotomus perniciosus was studied using a semi-automatic, measurement system. the methods used were found to be precise, reproducible and valid for morphometrical studies. each of several, different wing indices was found to be similar whether the wing was mounted in hoyer's medium, euparal or chloral balm. all samples showed similar differences between the wings of males and females, the wings of the males being smaller than those of the ... | 1996 | 8915131 |
| first cases of gynandromorphism in phlebotomus perniciosus newstead 1911 (diptera, psychodidae, phlebotominae). | two gynandromorphic specimens of phlebotomus perniciosus newstead, 1911 are described and illustrated for the first time. the specimens were collected in the northeast of the iberian peninsula (spain). | 1994 | 9140495 |
| multicomponent chimeric antigen for serodiagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis. | in this work, we describe the assembly of a synthetic gene coding for several antigenic determinants found in different leishmania infantum antigens. selected epitopes were derived from the ribosomal proteins lip2a, lip2b, and lip0 and from the histone h2a. the resulting gene was overexpressed in escherichia coli either as a fusion protein (with the vector pmal-c2) or alone (with the vector pqe). in both cases, high-level bacterial production of the recombinant protein was achieved and the produ ... | 1998 | 9431920 |
| evidence of toscana virus variants circulating in tuscany, italy, during the summers of 1995 to 1997. | the toscana virus can cause neurological infection in adults. this study of 112 cases of acute meningitis which occurred during the summers of 1995, 1996, and 1997 demonstrated the presence of viral rna in the cerebrospinal fluid of 56 patients. their sequence analysis shows four variants of the toscana virus. | 1998 | 9650974 |
| diagnostic potential of toscana virus n protein expressed in escherichia coli. | the nucleocapsid (n) protein of the toscana (tos) virus was expressed in escherichia coli by using a pet15b vector. the recombinant protein was purified by affinity chromatography and was characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting, and enzyme immunoassay (eia). the recombinant antigen was reactive with positive human sera, and the reactivity correlated very well (r = 0.9) with that of a whole-virus antigen when tested by eia with 30 tos virus-posit ... | 1998 | 9774559 |
| humoral response in toscana virus acute neurologic disease investigated by viral-protein-specific immunoassays. | the toscana virus (family bunyaviridae, genus phlebovirus) is the only sandfly-transmitted virus that demonstrates neurotropic activity. clinical cases ranging from aseptic meningitis to meningoencephalitis caused by toscana virus are yearly observed in central italy during the summer, and several cases have been reported among tourists returning from zones of endemicity (italy, portugal, spain, and cyprus). in toscana virus patients, immunoglobulin m (igm) antibodies, usually present at the ons ... | 1999 | 9874664 |
| infection of sand flies by humans coinfected with leishmania infantum and human immunodeficiency virus. | to determine the role that leishmania infantum/human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) coinfected patients could play in the epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis (vl), we applied direct xenodiagnosis of vl in this study to test the infectivity of six coinfected patients to colonized phlebotomus perniciosus. all patients proved to be infective for the sand flies. the infectivity of patients who had still not received specific treatment for vl was inversely proportional to their absolute cd4+ t lymph ... | 1999 | 9988321 |
| [influence of the nature of the ingested blood on the gonotrophic parameters of phlebotomus perniciosus under laboratory conditions]. | a laboratory study was conducted about the duration of developmental stages and the productivity connected with the type of blood meal ingested by the female of phlebotomus perniciosus. the pre-oviposition and egg incubation periods are not affected whatever the blood ingested by the female. the shorter time required to achieve larval development (rabbit) and pupal development (hamster) governs the generation time, shorter than in the other hosts (dog and man). the productivity is greater when b ... | 1994 | 9235209 |
| leishmaniasis in malta and the mediterranean basin. | leishmaniasis is a public-health problem in most countries bordering the mediterranean littoral. in malta, where the disease has been recognized for many years, phlebotomus perniciosus is the established vector and dogs act as reservoir hosts. visceral leishmaniasis (vl) was the only form of the disease recorded in malta until the early 1980s, when cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) was recognized. although the incidence of cl has recently increased, the overall numbers of cases of leishmaniasis have ... | 1997 | 9625930 |
| [eco-epidemiological study of phlebotomus perniciosus in foci of visceral leishmaniasis in campania]. | an entomological survey was carried out during the sandfly season (june-october) of 1993 in three of the main visceral leishmaniasis (vl) foci of the campania region of italy. during the period 1989-1993, 39 vl cases were recorded in the three foci: 19 in maddaloni, 14 in ercolano and 6 in ischia. for each focus, collecting stations representative of sandfly habitats (domestic, peri-domestic and sylvatic) located in urban, peri-urban and rural areas were selected for the sandfly investigation. t ... | 1996 | 9333749 |
| morphological and isoenzymatic differentiation of sympatric populations of phlebotomus perniciosus and phlebotomus longicuspis (diptera: psychodidae) in northern morocco. | the phlebotomine sandfly phlebotomus perniciosus newstead is a vector of leishmania infantum nicolle in the western mediterranean basin. in northern morocco it is often caught in sympatry with a closely related species, p. longicuspis nitzulescu. in the locality of chefchaouene where females of both species were morphologically distinguishable, none of the collected males exhibited forked copulatory valves, which is considered a specific character for p. perniciosus. they 1st were identified as ... | 1999 | 10071503 |
| morphology and ultrastructure of spiracles in phlebotomine sandfly larvae. | the morphology and ultrastructure of the larval spiracle system of three phlebotomine sandfly species, phlebotomus perniciosus, p. perfiliewi and p. papatasi, were examined by scanning (sem) and transmission (tem) electron microscopy and by confocal scanning laser microscopy (cslm). during larval development, thoracic and abdominal spiracles show considerable modifications. in fourth instar larvae, the spiracles consist of a plate with a sclerotized central portion and a peripheral circle of pap ... | 1999 | 10194756 |
| occurrence of leishmania infantum parasitemia in asymptomatic blood donors living in an area of endemicity in southern france. | visceral leishmaniosis (vl) due to leishmania infantum (l. chagasi) is a lethal disease if untreated, but asymptomatic l. infantum infections have been reported previously. a better understanding of parasite transmission, dissemination, and survival in the human host is needed. the purpose of this study was to assess whether l. infantum circulated in peripheral blood of subjects with no history of vl. sera from 565 blood donors were screened by western blotting to detect leishmania-specific anti ... | 1999 | 10325353 |
| canine leishmaniasis transmission: higher infectivity amongst naturally infected dogs to sand flies is associated with lower proportions of t helper cells. | the dog is the main reservoir of leishmania infantum, which is a parasite spread among canine hosts by the bite of sand flies. phlebotomus perniciosus is the sand fly acting as a major vector in the mediterranean basin. as a consequence, the dog will suffer from leishmaniasis. in this work the infective capacity of infected dogs, established by direct xenodiagnosis, has been investigated in relation to their immunological status by determining the lymphocyte percentages present in peripheral blo ... | 2000 | 11124096 |
| enzyme polymorphism and genetic variability of laboratory populations of phlebotomus papatasi, p. bergeroti, p. langeroni, and p. perniciosus. | enzyme allomorph frequency and electrophoretic mobility were evaluated to clearly separate between morphologically similar sandfly species and to yield quantitative measures of their genetic similarity. twelve enzyme systems were studied in laboratory colonies of phlebotomus perniciosus, p. langeroni, p. papatasi, and p. bergeroti. phlebotomus perniciosus and p. langeroni confirmed vectors of visceral leishmaniasis, were found to have fixed diagnostic allomorph differences at 3 enzyme loci (icd- ... | 1999 | 10605497 |
| ultrastructure of the seminal vesicle of phlebotomus perniciosus newstead (diptera, psychodidae). | the seminal vesicles of phlebotomus perniciosus were investigated by light microscopy, confocal scanning laser microscopy and by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. they have a complex structure, and three different morphological compartments called a, b and c are distinguished on the basis of their position and fine structure. compartment a is continuous with the vasa deferentia and consists of a cylindrical wall limiting a lumen in which the spermatozoa are stored. compartment b is ... | 2000 | 11037793 |
| experimental infection of phlebotomus perniciosus and determination of the natural infection rates of leishmania infantum in dogs. | direct xenodiagnosis has been used to determine the infection rates in sand flies of 12 dogs parasitized by leishmania infantum and classified in function of clinical signs. the dogs were divided into three clinical groups and no statistically significant differences in the infection rates of female sand flies were observed among them. this result indicates the epidemiological importance of asymptomatic and oligosymptomatic dogs. indirect xenodiagnosis uses sand flies fed on the blood of dogs ex ... | 2000 | 11080511 |
| role of pcr in diagnosis and prognosis of visceral leishmaniasis in patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | a group of 76 consecutive human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive patients with fever of unknown origin (n = 52) or fever associated with pulmonary diseases was evaluated in order to assess the usefulness of pcr with peripheral blood in the diagnosis and follow-up of visceral leishmaniasis. we identified 10 cases of visceral leishmaniasis among the 52 patients with fever of unknown origin. at the time of diagnosis, all were parasitemic by pcr with peripheral blood. during follow-up, a progre ... | 2001 | 11136800 |
| prevalence of leishmania infantum infection in dogs living in an area of canine leishmaniasis endemicity using pcr on several tissues and serology. | we studied and compared the prevalence of leishmania infection and the seroprevalence and the prevalence of canine leishmaniasis in an area where canine leishmaniasis is endemic. one hundred dogs living on the island of mallorca (spain) were studied. in this study, we clinically examined each dog for the presence of symptoms compatible with leishmaniasis, determined the titer of anti-leishmania antibodies, and investigated the presence of leishmania dna by pcr in skin, conjunctiva, and bone marr ... | 2001 | 11158106 |
| deltamethrin-impregnated dog collars have a potent anti-feeding and insecticidal effect on lutzomyia longipalpis and lutzomyia migonei. | deltamethrin-impregnated pvc dog collars were tested to assess if they were effective in protecting dogs from sand fly bites of lutzomyia longipalpis and lu. migonei. a protective effect against old world species phlebotomus perniciosus was demonstrated before. four dogs wearing deltamethrin collars and three dogs wearing untreated collars (not impregnated with deltamethrin) were kept in separate kennels for over eight months in a village on the outskirts of fortaleza in ceará, brazil. periodica ... | 2001 | 11562713 |
| evidence for an impact on the incidence of canine leishmaniasis by the mass use of deltamethrin-impregnated dog collars in southern italy. | dogs are the domestic reservoir of leishmania infantum nicolle (kinetoplastida: trypanosomatidae), the agent of zoonotic human visceral leishmaniasis. in southern europe, where canine leishmaniasis (canl) is widespread due to l. infantum, killing seropositive dogs is considered unacceptable and drug treatment has low efficacy in preventing transmission. we made a field evaluation of the efficacy of deltamethrin dog collars in a canl focus of southern italy, mount vesuvius area of campania region ... | 2001 | 11776454 |
| genetic polymorphism in sympatric species of the genus phlebotomus, with special reference to phlebotomus perniciosus and phlebotomus longicuspis (diptera, phlebotomidae). | the random amplified polymorphic dna assay was used to study genetic variation within and between five phlebotomus species belonging to three subgenera: p. (larroussius) ariasi, p. (l.) longicuspis, p. (l.) perniciosus, p.(paraphlebotomus) sergenti and p. (phlebotomus) papatasi sympatric in southern spain and proven vector of leishmaniasis. two cluster analysis were proposed: one according to sandfly species and populations, the second according individual specimens of phlebotomus perniciosus, p ... | 2000 | 11147032 |
| [the phlebotomines of portugal. x--natural infestation of phlebotomus perniciosus by leishmania infantum mon-1 in algarve]. | | 2001 | 11802277 |
| intradermal infection model for pathogenesis and vaccine studies of murine visceral leishmaniasis. | the levels of protection found in vaccine studies of murine visceral leishmaniasis are significantly lower than for cutaneous leishmaniasis; whether this is due to the high-challenge murine model employed and/or is a consequence of differences required in tissue-specific local immune responses is not understood. consequently, an intradermal murine model of visceral leishmaniasis has been explored. intradermal inoculation established a chronic infection in susceptible mice which was associated wi ... | 2003 | 12496190 |
| evaluation of a specific immunochemotherapy for the treatment of canine visceral leishmaniasis. | the efficacy of specific immunochemotherapy against leishmania infantum infection in dog was studied. the effects on transmission of the disease, as well as the cellular and humoral immune response were examined. the treated animals showed a significant reduction in the infection rates that were detected in phlebotomus perniciosus females fed on the dog. the humoral immune response, assayed with an indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (ifat), did not show significant variations under the in ... | 2002 | 12088640 |
| testing insecticide susceptibility of phlebotomus perniciosus and p. papatasi (diptera: psychodidae) in italy. | a study was undertaken to establish the susceptibility of two recently colonized sand fly species, phlebotomus perniciosus and p. papatasi to some insecticides. a laboratory colony of p. papatasi, unexposed to insecticides for a period of ten years, was used as reference strain. bioassay tests were carried out according to the who standard protocols based on the mortality rates recorded at different exposure times. serial (from 1 to 60 min) exposures to ddt 2%, lambda-cyhalothrin 0.06% and perme ... | 2002 | 12760339 |
| leishmaniasis in sicily (italy): an investigation of the distribution and prevalence of phlebotomine sandflies in catania province. | catania province, sicily, is an important foci for human visceral leishmaniasis. current data indicate an annual average incidence of 10 registered cases per year during the past 3 years. of registered cases, more than 20% were among individuals who were also human immunodeficiency virus positive. since the 1930s, no vector studies have been performed in this area. from may through november 1997, sandflies were collected using centers for disease control and prevention light traps and a sticky-t ... | 2002 | 12363159 |
| a new stable focus of canine leishmaniasis in northern italy. | a new stable focus of canine leishmaniasis (canl) was identified in a coastal adriatic area of the emilia-romagna region in northern italy. following the first clinical cases observed starting from 1998, a seroepidemiological survey was carried out on owned dogs from two communes and on animals housed in dog pounds of the rimini province. sixteen out of 612 dogs (2.6%) resulted positive to the ifa test. the 16 positive dogs all came from the two communes, with seroprevalences of 3 and 6%, respec ... | 2001 | 12402521 |
| population differentiation of phlebotomus perniciosus in spain following postglacial dispersal. | comparative sequencing of mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) and isoenzyme analyses have not resolved the population structure of the iberian lineage of the sandfly phlebotomus perniciosus, the most widespread vector of leishmania infantum (protozoa, trypanosomatidae) to humans and dogs in the western mediterranean subregion. allelic variation at trinucleotide microsatellite loci was investigated in 13 spanish populations of p. perniciosus. four out of five loci showed significant differentiatio ... | 2003 | 12692585 |
| [phlebotomus of corsica; biology of phlebotomus perniciosus legeri (j. mansion, 1913)]. | | 1952 | 12998165 |
| [presence of phlebotomus perniciosus and p. ariasi in théoule, maritime alps]. | | 1952 | 13032747 |
| host-specific wolbachia strains in widespread populations of phlebotomus perniciosus and p. papatasi (diptera: psychodidae), and prospects for driving genes into these vectors of leishmania. | a single strain of wolbachia (alpha-proteobacteria, rickettsiales) was found in widespread geographical populations of each of two phlebotomus species, within which there was no indication of 'infectious speciation'. the two strains were identified by sequencing a fragment of wsp (a major surface protein gene), amplified by polymerase chain reaction from dna extracted from the body parts of individual sandflies. infection rates were high in the males and females of both sandflies, but they were ... | 2003 | 14641977 |
| [new data on the breeding of phlebotomus perniciosus newstead 1911 (diptera, psychodiae) in the laboratory]. | | 1962 | 13982010 |
| host preferences of phlebotomine sand flies at a hypoendemic focus of canine leishmaniasis in central italy. | a survey was carried out on phlebotomine sand flies and their feeding habits at a hypoendemic focus of leishmania infantum in macerata province, central italy. during two consecutive years (2000-2001), 1465 sand fly specimens (42.5% of which were males) were collected from a variety of diurnal resting sites in the municipality of camerino. the most prevalent species was phlebotomus perniciosus (76.6%), followed by p. papatasi (10.4%), sergentomyia minuta (9.1%), phlebotomus perfiliewi (3.3%) and ... | 2003 | 14516922 |
| [validation of phlebotomus perniciosus legeri (mansion 1913) nematocera: psychodidae]. | | 1953 | 13066951 |
| isoenzymatic analysis of 712 strains of leishmania infantum in the south of france and relationship of enzymatic polymorphism to clinical and epidemiological features. | in the south of france, leishmaniasis due to leishmania infantum occurs in the following five foci of endemicity (from west to east): pyrénées-orientales, cévennes, provence, côte d'azur, and corsica. between 1981 and 2002, 712 leishmania strains obtained from humans, dogs, cats, and sand flies were studied by isoenzyme analysis. in total, seven zymodemes were identified: mon-1, mon-11, mon-24, mon-29, mon-33, mon-34, and mon-108. the pyrénées-orientales focus is characterized by a predominance ... | 2004 | 15364993 |
| distribution of phlebotomine sandflies, of the subgenus larroussius, in morocco. | adult sandflies (diptera: psychodidae) of the genus phlebotomus and of the subgenus larroussius were collected with sticky traps from thirty-four localities in central and south-western morocco. four larroussius species were present in this area, phlebotomus perniciosus newstead, being the most widespread and abundant species particularly in the mountainous area, was sympatric with the closely related species phlebotomus longicuspis nitzulescu. only one male of p. perniciosus displayed the bifid ... | 2005 | 15752186 |
| sandflies of the phlebotomus perniciosus complex: mitochondrial introgression and a new sibling species of p. longicuspis in the moroccan rif. | the bloodsucking adult females of phlebotomus perniciosus newstead and p. longicuspis nitzulescu (diptera: psychodidae) are important vectors of the protozoan leishmania infantum nicolle (kinetoplastida: trypanosomatidae) in western mediterranean countries. the species status of the two phlebotomine sandflies was assessed, along with the epidemiological implications. individual sandflies from three moroccan rif populations were characterized morphologically, isoenzymatically (by the isoelectrofo ... | 2004 | 15009443 |
| prevention of sand fly attack by topical application of a permethrin/pyriproxyfen combination on dogs. | dogs are the primary domestic reservoir of leishmania infantum, the parasite responsible for most cases of human visceral leishmaniasis. a strategy for the control of leishmaniasis would be to inhibit the sand fly bite. a study was designed to measure the prevention of the sand fly attack by spraying a combination of permethrin and pyriproxyfen on dogs artificially exposed to the vector of leishmaniasis. eight dogs were individually challenged with 100 female sand flies for 1 hour on days -7, 0, ... | 2003 | 15136993 |
| [sandflies of sandy regions of corsica; biometrical and critical study of the phlebotomus perniciosus legeri (j. mansion 1913) (nematocera psychodidae)]. | | 1951 | 14905206 |
| entomological investigations in chichaoua: an emerging epidemic focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in morocco. | cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania tropica wright seems to be an emerging disease in chichaoua, a province located in southwestern morocco. in this study, sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) were collected from 12 stations. sticky traps were placed in domestic, peridomestic, and sylvatic sites. in total, 3,787 specimens consisting of 10 species (seven phlebotomus and three sergentomiya) were identified. phlebotomus perniciosus newstead, the predominant species, was abundant, especially in m ... | 2005 | 16119562 |
| toscana virus central nervous system infections in southern italy. | toscana virus was detected by reverse transcription-nested pcr in 5.6% of cerebrospinal fluid (csf) samples from patients with meningitis and encephalitis during the summer in southern italy. the central nervous system infections were associated with young adults and with a substantially benign clinical course. presenting features and csf findings are also discussed in the present report. | 2005 | 16333126 |
| canine leishmaniasis, italy. | we report the results of a survey to determine the prevalence of canine leishmaniasis and the presence of sand flies in northwestern italy, where autochthonous foci of canine leishmaniasis have not been reported. active foci of canine leishmaniasis were identified, which suggests that the disease is now also endemic in continental climate areas. | 2005 | 16318709 |