| preliminary note on the phlebotomus of the bamako-mali region. presence of phlebotomus sergenti, parrot 1917. | | 1975 | 7120 |
| leishmaniasis in south-eastern france- -ecology, epidemiology, prophylaxis. | a study of the ecology, epidemiology and prophylaxis of leishmaniasis in the southeast of france is reported; different methods of the survey are recorded. between 1965 and 1975, 972 cases of canine leishmaniasis and from 1968 to 1975 89 cases of visceral human leishmaniasis and only 3 cases of oriental sore were observed in the "bouches du rhône", "var" and "vaucluse" departments. the strains isolated from canine and human visceral leishmaniasis had a malate dehydrogenase xi whereas leishmania ... | 1975 | 7125 |
| rio grande--a new phlebotomus fever group virus from south texas. | three strains of a new phlebotomus fever group virus were isolated from pack rats (neotoma micropus) collected in south texas during 1973--1974; the name rio grande was proposed for this virus. the virus is ph 3.0 labile, sensitive to the action of sodium deoxycholate and heat (56 degrees c) labile. the results of a serosurvey indicated that pack rats are probably the principal vertebrate host for rio grande virus and that year-round transmission of the virus may occur. because no isolations of ... | 1977 | 20785 |
| [biological properties of leishmania strains isolated from sandflies of the phlebotomus caucasicus group from burrows of great gerbils in the territory between the murgab and amu-darya rivers]. | | 1975 | 130534 |
| [long-term phenological observations on flies, inhabitants of burrows of great gerbils in the karshinskaia steppe: phenology of phlebotomus papatasi]. | observations conducted over a period of 1960--1973 in the uzbek ssr have shown that ph. papatasi has two generations a year. the flight of sand flies in the oasis begins as a rule in the middle of may and lasts to the middle of september with peaks at the beginning of june and the end of july--beginning of august. shifts in the main phenological dates in the same observation site are no more than two weeks. in desert territories situated southwards from the oasis phenological dates pass ahead th ... | 1976 | 141022 |
| [phlebotomus (phlebotomidae) fauna on the mangyshlak peninsula]. | | 1977 | 146785 |
| [anthropophilic phlebotomus fauna of the transamazonia highway in brazil (diptera, psychodidae)]. | | 1978 | 147090 |
| [diurnal activity of phlebotomus smirnovi, perf. 1941 and its attack on man under the natural conditions of kzyl-orda province, the kazakh ssr]. | | 1978 | 151780 |
| [natural foci of viruses borne by phlebotomus papatasi in the ussr according to a serologic study of the population]. | seven hundred sixteen blood serum specimens from residents of presumable foci of phlebotomus fevers in turkmenia, tajikistan, uzbekistan, azerbaijan, and moldavia were examined by the neutralization, complement fixation, hemagglutionation-inhibition and indirect immunofluorescence tests for the presence of antibody to viruses of the group of phlebotomus fevers (sicilyan, neapolitan, and karimabad) and to rhabdovirus isfahan transmitted by phlebotomus papatasi. for the first time, antibody to kar ... | 1978 | 153653 |
| isolation of phlebotomus (sandfly) fever virus from sandflies and humans during the same season in aurangabad district, maharashtra state, india. | | 1976 | 178593 |
| clinical and serologic responses of volunteers infected with phlebotomus fever virus (sicilian type). | twenty volunteers were inoculated with various doses of human serum containing phlebotomus fever virus (sicilian type) to determine their clinical and serologic responses as well as the human infectious dose50 of the virus. all infected subjects developed fever which varied in duration from 6 to 74 hours. the most common symptoms during sandfly fever were headache, anorexia, myalgia, photophobia, low back and retro-orbital pain. infected individuals developed a marked leukopenia characterized by ... | 1976 | 180844 |
| effect of insecticide spraying for malaria control on the incidence of sandfly fever in athens, greece. | sera from 637 athens residents of various age groups were examined by plaque reduction neutralization test for antibodies against naples and sicilian phlebotomus fever viruses. a marked change in the prevalence of antibodies to both agents was observed in persons born after 1946, when residual insecticide spraying for malaria control was initiated in greece. the prevalence of naples and sicilian neutralizing antibodies among residents greater than or equal to 30 years of age was 36% and 13%, res ... | 1977 | 190909 |
| studies on the epidemiology of sandfly fever in iran. i. virus isolates obtained from phlebotomus. | a total of 62 virus isolates was obtained from 12,485 male and female sandflies (predominately phlebotomus papatasi) collected in a village in central iran during the summer of 1975. the overall virus isolation rate from female sandflies was 1 per 177 insects processed. of the 62 virus strains obtained, 49 were identified as sicilian virus, 11 as karimabad, and 2 as a new member of the vesicular stomatitis serogroup. one isolate each of sicilian and karimabad virus was made from pools of male sa ... | 1977 | 192092 |
| studies on the epidemiology of sandfly fever in iran. ii. the prevalence of human and animal infection with five phlebotomus fever virus serotypes in isfahan province. | human and animal sera from an endemic area of sandfly fever in iran were tested by plaque reduction neutralization method against five different phlebotomus fever virus serotypes (naples, sicilian, karimabad, salehabad, and i-47). the overall prevalence of naples, sicilian, and karimabad virus antibodies among the human population was 17%, 25%, and 66%, respectively. all sera were negative against salehabad and i-47 viruses. age-specific antibody rates suggested that sicilian and karimabad virus ... | 1977 | 192093 |
| isfahan virus, a new vesiculovirus infecting humans, gerbils, and sandflies in iran. | the characteristics and ecology of isfahan virus, a new vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) serotype, are described. two strains of the agent were isolated from pools of phlebotomus papatasi collected in iran in 1975. its animal pathogenicity, growth rate, cytopathic effect, and plaque morphology are similar to those of the other vsv serotypes. electron microscopic examination of the virus demonstrated a bullet shape, the presence of truncated particles and maturation at plasma membranes. antigenic ... | 1977 | 192094 |
| dimethyl sulfoxide enhancement of phlebotomus fever virus plaque formation. | dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso)incorporated into an agar overlay containing deae-dextran enhanced plaque formation in vero cells by naples sandfly fever virus passaged in mouse brain or vero cell cultures. no plaques were visible when dmso was used without the deae-dextran, some plaques were rarely visible (less than 0.5mm) when deae-dextran was used without the dmso, and up to 10-fold more plaques were clearly visible (0.5-1.5 mm) when both chemicals were used. the combined enhancing effect of dmso a ... | 1979 | 223461 |
| biochemical studies on the phlebotomus fever group viruses (bunyaviridae family). | analyses of the virion polypeptides and genomes of several phlebotomus fever group viruses, karimabad, punta toro, chagres, and the sandfly fever sicilian serotype viruses, have established that they are biochemically similar to the accepted members of the bunyaviridae family. like snowshoe hare virus (a member of the california serogroup of the bunyavirus genus of the bunyaviridae family), karimabad, punta toro, chagres, and the sandfly fever sicilian serotype viruses all have three viral rna s ... | 1979 | 225523 |
| multiplication of phlebotomus fever group arboviruses in mosquitoes after intrathoracic inoculation. | | 1975 | 240026 |
| the prevalence and distribution of mansonella ozzardi in coastal north trinidad, w.i. | a day blood smear survey for mansonella ozzardi in the north coast communities of trinidad recorded a prevalence of 4.8% in 4,488 persons examined. prevalence rates were highest in the four western-most communities, where the vector, culicoides phlebotomus, is a severe nuisance problem. prevalence rates increased with age and were higher in males than in females. mean microfilaria densities were low in both sexes up to 50 years of age but in older males the density increased with age. wuchereria ... | 1979 | 382471 |
| studies on the epidemiology of sandfly fever in iran. iii. host-feeding patterns of phlebotomus papatasi in an endemic area of the disease. | blood meals from 575 phlebotomus papatasi collected in an iranian village were identified by precipitin test. the majority of sandfly feedings (57.5%) were on birds, mainly chickens and pigeons. the remaining 42.5% were on mammals (humans, cows, mules, sheep, and goats) or were non-reactive. calculation of forage ratios of each host species indicated that chickens, equines, and bovines were the preferred hosts of p. papatasi in the village. results of this study demonstrate that p. papatasi has ... | 1977 | 403821 |
| [spontaneous infestation of phlebotomus dubosqui by promastigotes of leishmania in senegal]. | an epidemiological survey of cutaneous leishmaniasis in senegal revealed the presence of numerous phlebotomus duboscqi in the entrances of rodent burrows. two p. duboscqi out of 45 females dissected showed infection of the gut by promastigotes which could be cultured on nnn medium. | 1978 | 418893 |
| records of phlebotomus duboscqi neveu-lemaire from the gambia. | | 1979 | 473317 |
| [american cutaneous and mucous leishmaniasis (mucocutaneous leishmaniasis)]. | the american skin and mucous membrane leishmaniasis or mucocutaneous leishmaniasis is induced through phlebotomus bites and occurs in south and central america. untreated severe multilating ulcerations of the face with involvement of oral, nasal, and pharyngeal mucous membranes may occur. therapy consists of intramuscular administration of three- or pentavalent antimon preparations. in failure-patients amphotericin b is used instead. | 1979 | 521290 |
| [ecology of leishmaniasis in the south of france. 11. canine leishmaniasis: successful experimental transmission from dog to dog by the bite of phlebotomus ariasi tonnoir, 1921 (author's transl)]. | as part of a study of visceral leishmaniasis in the cévennes in southern france, an infection was transmitted from dog to dog by the bite of a single sandfly, phlebotomus ariasi tonnoir, 1921. the role of this species as a vector, suspected from earlier studies, is, therefore, confirmed. twenty female sandflies, which had engorged on a naturally infected dog 23 +/- 2 days previously were put with a healthy dog which, after an incubation period of 15 months, developed viscero-cutaneous leishmania ... | 1979 | 533108 |
| kala-azar in ethiopia: survey of south-west ethiopia. the leishmanin skin test and epidemiological studies. | the leishmanin skin test was performed on 1353 people in a kala-azar endemic region of south-west ethiopia. physical examinations were also carried out on 2723. two of these individuals, both males, had active visceral leishmaniasis with leishmania organisms demonstrated by spleen puncture. two other males, including one member of the research team, had parasitologically proven cutaneous leishmaniasis. because there was negligible migration and little movement of individuals outside of their tri ... | 1979 | 534446 |
| [an anomaly of style spines in phlebotomus papatasi scopoli, 1786 (diptera, psychodidae)]. | | 1979 | 546365 |
| [ecology of leishmaniasis in the south of france. -- 12. horizontal dispersion of phlebotomus ariasi tonnoir, 1921. preliminary experiments (author's transl)]. | by use of mark-release-recapture methods, evidence was obtained of the distance of the dispersion of phlebotomus ariasi tonnoir, 1021. female flies, collected in a valley in the cévennes mountains (at roquedur, gard), were marked with fluorescnt powders, released an then recaptured by searching with ultra-violet lamps. the majority of the flies recapture were among ones given a blood meal shortly before release. recaptures were made from the second day after release. a number of females migrated ... | 1979 | 550718 |
| [epidemiology of leishmaniasis in algeria. 4. the phlebotomi (diptera, psychodidae) of tje aurès region]. | following their epidemiological studies of leishmaniasis in algeria, the authors report the results of an entomological survey in the aurès region. they point out the presence in this region of three common vectors of leishmaniasis: two species (phlebotomus papatasi and p. sergenti) for the cutaneous form, and a third one (p. perniciosus) for the visceral form. thus, the aurès region appears to be a potential focus of leishmaniasis. | 1977 | 555290 |
| leishmaniasis in tuscany (italy): (i) an investigation on phlebotomine sandflies in grosseto province. | a survey of phlebotomines has been made in the area of the province of grosseto (tuscany, italy) where human cases of both visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis have recently occurred. 12 collecting stations, placed around the leishmaniasis foci, were divided into three groups of localities, the argentario promontory, coastal plains territory and hilly inland territory. sandflies were collected with lit and unlit oil traps, and by hand. a total of 11,032 specimens (57% males) were caught and iden ... | 1977 | 595080 |
| vector potential of phlebotomus papatasi scopoli (diptera, phlebotomidae) to kala azar in baghdad area. | | 1977 | 617937 |
| [phlebotomus (paraphlebotomus) jacusieli theodor, 1947, a new species of sandflies for the fauna of the ussr]. | after examination of sandfly collection from agdam (azerbaijan ssr) it was stated that all sandflies previously identified as phlebotomus mongolensis belong to another species ph. jacusieli. ph. jacusieli has not been recorded in the fauna of ussr before. probably all records of ph. mongolensis in transcaucasia are wrong. description of ph. jacusieli and some ecological data are given. | 1978 | 622301 |
| present status of kala-azar in iran. | sporadic cases of visceral leishmaniasis have been reported from all parts of iran except the deserts and very arid zones in the southeast. about 120 cases have been reported up to the present time, the majority from the mountainous areas of the southwest. most patients (76%) have been children under 10 years of age. the probable reservoirs of infection are wild carnivores, infection of man and dog being accidental. during a survey conducted in the caspian area and northeastern part of iran in 1 ... | 1978 | 626277 |
| [ecology of leishmaniasis in southern france. 9. sampling methods in the study and analysis of canine enzootic leishmaniasis]. | an account is given of the fundamental methods used on an investigation of the canine enzootic of leshmaniasis in the cévennes. the objective was to determine the relationship between the prevalence of infection on dogs and the density of the sandfly vector. the basis of the work was a phyto-ecological map of the two parameters. the results are of epidemiological interest as a logical approach which enable comparisons to be made between ecologically homogeneous sectors or strata. in each stratu ... | 1978 | 677709 |
| [the present distribution of phlebotominae in italy and differential morphologic characteristics among species of the subgenus phlebotomus (larroussius)]. | | 1977 | 754131 |
| antigenic relationships among phlebotomus fever group arboviruses and their implication for the epidemiology of sandfly fever. | the antigenic relationships of 21 known or presumed phlebotomus fever group serotypes and of 2 ungrouped, solvent sensitive, sandfly-associated arboviruses (pacui and charleville) were studied by complement fixation, plaque neutralization, and hemagglutination-inhibition methods. results of complement fixation and neutralization tests were specific, allowing clear separation of the various serotypes, while those of the hemagglutination-inhibition test showed broader crossing and lack of specific ... | 1975 | 803351 |
| serological studies on the epidemiology of sandfly fever in the old world. | selected human sera from 59 different localities in africa, the mediterranean littoral, eastern europe and asia were examined by plaque reduction neutralization test against eight sandfly (phlebotomus) fever virus serotypes (sicilian, naples, arumowot, sudan 754-61, karimabad, salehabad, gordil and saint floris) known to occur in the old world. results of these studies provide new information on the geographic distribution and prevalence of human infection with each of the viruses. specific neut ... | 1976 | 829416 |
| [cloning leishmania at the promastigote stage using the vonbrun micromanipulator]. | a method was worked out for cloning leishmania strains at the promastigote stage from cultures reared on two-phase nutrient medium by means of vonbrün micromanipulator. by this method cultures of leishmania can be obtained from one cell of these protozoans. during the cloning of leishmania strains isolated from experimentally and naturally infected phlebotomus papatasi and ph. caucasicus the per cent of obtaining the clones from isolated promastigotes cultivated on a nutrient medium depends on t ... | 1977 | 865880 |
| laboratory culture and biology of phlebotomus pedifer (diptera: phlebotomidae). | | 1977 | 872829 |
| antibodies to arboviruses in northwestern spain. | a survey for antibodies to arboviruses was done in the human population of the north of spain (provinces of la coruña, orense, pontevedra, leon, asturias). sera were obtained from 701 persons living in the area. the hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) test showed that 16.5% of the population studied had antibodies to group b arboviruses. all sera were negative for group a and phlebotomus fever group viruses, as well as for tahyna and calovo. no evidence of antibody to tick-borne encephalitis viruse ... | 1977 | 889019 |
| [presence of phlebotomus perfiliewi parrot, 1930 in morocco]. | | 1977 | 921196 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis in the libyan arab republic: preliminary ecological findings. | preliminary results show cutaneous leishmaniasis in libya to be, sometimes at least, a rural zoonotic infection. the parasites are transmitted, probably by phlebotomus papatasi, between the rodents psammomys obesus and meriones libycus. the banks and 'islands' in the main channel of seasonal wadis provide the right combination of vegetation and permanence for the maintenance of an intense focus. | 1977 | 921363 |
| [fate of the promastigotes of leishmania tropica major and l. gymnodactyli in the body of phlebotomus papatasi under conditions of a mixed infection]. | experimental infection of males and females of phlebotomus papatasi sc. with leishmania tropica major from man and l. gimnodactyli from agama sanguinolenta was carried out in order to obtain mixed infection. sand flies from the laboratory culture were successively infected with promastigotes of each species of leishmania by means of compulsory dose feeding according to alekseev's method. for identification of leishmania cultures isolated from experimentally infected sand flies alder's serologica ... | 1976 | 940687 |
| [experimental inoculation of leishmaniasis tropical from man to man (author's transl)]. | experimental transformation of leishmaniasis from man to man was demonstrated. the infection occurs through direct inoculation of the leishmania organism in the amastigote form: from an ulcer of a leishmania papule some materials were obtained and were inoculated intradermally in the thigh of one of the authors. within weeks a red papule has developed in the place of inoculation from which the microorganisms were frequenctly demonstrated. the papule was cured spontaneously within 70 weeks under ... | 1976 | 962386 |
| [cutaneous leishmaniasis: an autochtonous case in switzerland?]. | different kinds of phlebotomus, which are responsible for the infectiousness of cutaneous leishmaniasis, have been identified at different places in europe. the pathogenic agent, leishmania tropica, essentially linked to climatic circumstances, seems slowly to gain ground north of the mediterranean sea. the chance of having an autochthonous case in ticino (southern switzerland) is existing. a treatment with rifampicin has been successful. | 1976 | 1001590 |
| prevalence and blood meal sources of phlebotomus argentipes in west bengal in 1972-73. | | 1976 | 1010623 |
| implication of phlebotomus sand flies as vectors of bartonellosis and leishmaniasis as early as 1764. | a written account implicating phlebotomus sand flies as vectors of carrion's disease and cutaneous leishmaniasis in peru was published by cosme bueno in 1764. bueno's report precedes other publications implicating sand flies in the transmission of human pathogens by nearly a century and a half. | 1975 | 1101379 |
| phlebotomus (larroussius) elgonensis sp. nov. (diptera, phlebotomidae), a new sandfly from kenya. | | 1975 | 1140140 |
| [the minimum effective dosages of repellents]. | method of thin-layer chromatography was used to estimate threshold dosages of diethytoluamide, benzoylhexamethylene, dihexamethylenecarbamide, diethilamide of phenoxyacetic acid and dimethylphthalate for repelling of mosquitoes (aedes hexodontus, aedes vexans, aedes caspius caspius), simuliids (simulium venustrum), midges (culicoides obsoletus) and sand-flies (phlebotomus papatsi). maximum sensitivity to all the preparations studied was shown by sand-flies (phlebotomus papatasi, and most sensiti ... | 1975 | 1190554 |
| phlebotomus fauna in the cutaneous leishmaniasis focus of mt. elgon, kenya. | | 1975 | 1192986 |
| [viability of sandflies (diptera, psychodidae, phlebotominae) under the influence of infection with promastigotes of various species of leishmania]. | sand flies were infected with different species of promastigotes from reptiles and warm-blooded animals. optimal doses of promastigotes were used which ensured the adaptation of protozoa in the host's intestine. the infection with a mixed culture resulted in the death of most sand flies: the mortality rate was the highest at the simultaneous introduction of two species and was some what lower at the subsequent infection. the survival of sand flies infected with one species of leishmania decrease ... | 1975 | 1196671 |
| [presence of phlebotomus bergeroti, phlebotomus chabaudi, phlebotomus chadlii and sergentomyia christophersi in morocco]. | the authors indicate the presence at morocco of the four following sandflies: phlebotomus bergeroti parrot, 1934, phlebotomus chabaudi croset, abonnenc et rioux, 1970, phlebotomus chadlii rioux, juminer et gibily, 1966 and sergentomyia christophersi (sinton, 1927). among them, phlebotomus bergeroti, an element of eremitic affinity, is found at the north of the atlas under a sub-humide bioclimat. | 1975 | 1211776 |
| [duration and character of the course of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the midday gerbil (meriones meridianus pall.)]. | the development of the infection process during cutaneous leishmaniosis was traced in one midday gerbil (meriones meridianus pall). the gerbil fell ill with cutaneous leishmaniosis after the feeding of san flies of phlebotomus papatasi and ph. mongolensis on it. the incubation process of the disease was less than 23 days. leishmaniosic process began at the base of the concha auriculae and caused the destruction of ear tissues. the complete recover set in 67 days after the infection. thus, the in ... | 1975 | 1221346 |
| laboratory studies on the biology of phlebotomus papatasi scopoli sandfly (diptera: psychodidae). | | 1975 | 1225416 |
| [phlebotomus of peru (diptera, psychodidae, phlebotominae) i. department of cuzco: i. description of 3 new species]. | | 1975 | 1233542 |
| [phlebotomus of peru (diptera, psychodidae, plebotomus) i. department of cuzco: 2. description of lutzomyia sherlocki females and redescription of male and description of the female of lutzomyia octaviei]. | | 1975 | 1233543 |
| [phlebotomus of peru (diptera, psychodidae, phlebotominae. i. department of cuzco: 3. description of the male and redescription of the female of lutzemyia (psychodepygus) amazonensis (root, 1934) and list of the species collected]. | | 1975 | 1233544 |
| [viability of sandflies (diptera, psychodidae, phlebotominae) after infection with promastigotes of different types of leishmania]. | sand flies were infected with different species of promastigotes from reptiles and warm-blooded animals. optimal doses of promastigotes were used which ensured the adaptation of protozoa in the host's intestine. the infection with a mixed culture resulted in the death of most sand flies: the mortality rate was the highest at the simultaneous introduction of two species and was some what lower at the subsequent infection. the survival of sand flies infected with one species of leishmania decrease ... | 1975 | 1236724 |
| studies on cutaneous leishmaniasis in khuzestan, iran. part ii. the status of sandflies. | in these studies, more than 25,000 specimens were collected from different parts of khuzestan province. sandflies were caught by aspirator from indoor, and with sticky traps from outdoor resting places. we found 10 species of phlebotomus and 12 species of sergentomyia in our studies. the sandfly season extends from march through late november. there are two peaks in the density curve of most species in plain and littoral areas, one in early june and the second in late september; in mountainous a ... | 1975 | 1243878 |
| the biology of a laboratory colony of phlebotomus longipes parrot & martin (diptera: phlebotomidae). | | 1976 | 1263217 |
| incrimination of phlebotomus (larroussius) orientalis as a vector of visceral leishmaniasis in western upper nile province, southern sudan. | | 1992 | 1287918 |
| biting rhythm & biting activity of phlebotomid sandflies. | the biting behaviour of phlebotomid sandflies was studied in a rural village of pondicherry through all night collections for a period of one year, using human volunteers and cattle as baits. phlebotomus papatasi was caught only on human bait, showing anthropophily while ph. argentipes was caught on cattle baits, showing zoophily. the biting activity was seen throughout the night, reaching a peak of 0100 h in ph. papatasi and 0200 h in ph. argentipes. | 1992 | 1291465 |
| [phlebotomus perniciosus newstead, 1911 naturally infected by promastigotes in the region of nice (france)]. | the authors report the results of investigations in nice from july, 16 to august, 3, 1991. the 2,098 phlebotomes captured represent three species: phlebotomus perniciosus, phlebotomus ariasi and sergentomyia minuta. two species: p. perniciosus and p. ariasi are infected with promastigotes. about 4% of dissected females are parasited. this is the first description in france of p. perniciosus infected. | 1992 | 1292799 |
| an improvised method of laboratory colonization of phlebotomus papatasi, the vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis. | a cyclic colony of p. papatasi was successfully established, using wild caught females. the major obstacle in the colonization was infestation of fungus, which was solved when bentonite, a dehydrant was mixed in the larval diet i.e., powdered and sterilized faecal pellets of rabbit. the average duration of development from egg to adult was 46.41 +/- 3.26 days. females readily engorged on mouse, which was kept immobilized inside restrainer cages majority of the fed females laid viable eggs, when ... | 1992 | 1293020 |
| occurrence of entomophilic nematode infestation among phlebotomid sandfly, phlebotomus papatasi--a preliminary report. | infestation of a nematode parasite was observed in the natural population of phlebotomus papatasi in pondicherry, india. of the 877 males and 959 females sandflies examined for the natural infection, 11 females were found infested with nematodes (0.59%). the number of juveniles and/or eggs of nematodes per infected fly ranged from 1 to 192 (mean 51.36 +/- s.d 55.95). the presence of a stylet at the opening of the dorsal oesophageal duct suggests that the parasite belongs to the super family tyle ... | 1992 | 1296959 |
| recoverability of rift valley fever and sandfly fever sicilian viruses from infected phlebotomus papatasi (diptera: psychodidae) trapped in various oils. | we studied the effects of various oils used to trap sand flies on the recovery of virus from infected adult phlebotomus papatasi. both rift valley fever and sandfly fever sicilian viruses were readily recovered from virus-inoculated specimens held at 26 degrees c on mineral, olive or castor oil-soaked sheets for up to 12 h. however, after 50 h on oil-soaked paper, significantly greater titers were recovered from sand flies trapped with mineral oil than from sand flies trapped with either of the ... | 1992 | 1316427 |
| free amino acids in wild-caught phlebotomus perniciosus and p. perfiliewi (diptera: psychodidae). | free amino acids occurring in wild phlebotomus perniciosus and p. perfiliewi were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography. for both species the total concentration of amino acids, per unit weight, is over three times greater in females than in males. qualitative inter-sex differences in amino acid compositions were also discovered: the most significant involving higher proportions of taurine and gamma-aminobutyric acid in females and higher proportions of arginine and glutamic acid ... | 1992 | 1339965 |
| gonotrophic nature of phlebotomus argentipes (diptera: psychodidae) in the laboratory. | | 1992 | 1340034 |
| kala-azar in ballia district, uttar pradesh. | door to door search during 1991 in 85 villages in ballia district of uttar pradesh revealed 29 sporadic cases of kala-azar in four villages. epidemiological investigations indicated indigenous transmission in phulwaria village (phc: dubhar) with 25 cases while the remaining three villages showed four imported cases from the endemic states. no kala-azar cases had been reported in ballia between 1947 and the present investigation. phlebotomus arqentipes, the known vector of kala-azar in india, was ... | 1992 | 1344169 |
| record of phlebotomus (phlebotomus) salehi mesghali from barmer, rajasthan (india). | | 1992 | 1344171 |
| [the laboratory cultivation of phlebotomus papatasi. the nature of the reaction of the sandflies to unfavorable environmental conditions]. | the breeding of phlebotomus papatasi in laboratory setting has been studied for 4 years. it has been found that in addition to the well-known factors such as temperature and humidity, sandfly development is affected by the features of reservoirs for their breeding, amount of nutrient substrate, duration of a diapause and developmental conditions of their parents. ph. papatasi responds to deterioration of dwelling conditions with prolonged period of development, increased number of diapausing lar ... | 1992 | 1387189 |
| seasonal abundance, natural survival & resting behaviour of phlebotomus papatasi (diptera: phlebotomidae) in pondicherry. | a study was carried out on the seasonal abundance, natural survival and resting behaviour of ph. papatasi in four ecologically different areas of pondicherry. the average indoor resting density ranged from 2.25 (may 1989) to 16.70/man hour (october 1989). ph. papatasi was observed to be predominantly endophilic in its resting behaviour. a significant positive correlation was observed between rainfall and relative density. the daily survival of adult population ranged from 0.893 to 0.949 and show ... | 1992 | 1398812 |
| leishmania infantum mon-98 isolated from naturally infected phlebotomus langeroni (diptera: psychodidae) in el agamy, egypt. | leishmania infantum zymodeme mon-98 was isolated in el agamy, egypt. a total of 15 (1.07%) leishmania-like infections in the anterior midgut and in the head was found in 1,405 phlebotomus langeroni (nitzulescu); none of 1,785 phlebotomus papatasi (scopoli) was found infected. four of the 15 cultures (26.7%) were indistinguishable from a reference l. infantum mon-98 strain using cellulose acetate electrophoresis. the isolation and identification of l. infantum mon-98 from naturally infected p. la ... | 1992 | 1404272 |
| leishmania infections damage the feeding mechanism of the sandfly vector and implement parasite transmission by bite. | leishmania parasites are transmitted by the bites of infected female sandflies by a mechanism that has not been clarified. leishmania infections in the vector develop only in the gut, and the parasites' exit is through the food channel in the proboscis. the problem is how during the bite, when blood flows in, parasites are emitted through the same channel in the opposite direction. it is well documented that infected sandflies maintained on sugar diets are potent vectors, whereas transmission fa ... | 1992 | 1409724 |
| lack of outer caudal setae as a constant feature of phlebotomus tobbi larvae. | | 1992 | 1421489 |
| ootaxonomy and eggshell ultrastructure of phlebotomus sandflies. | the eggshell structure of four sandfly species: phlebotomus perniciosus newstead, p.perfiliewi parrot, p.papatasi scopoli and p.duboscqi neveu-lemaire, was examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (sem and tem). at the tem level, the eggshell appears to have a homogeneous vitelline envelope and a thick chorion. at sem level, the eggshell of all species is characterized by the outer chorion forming a series of fifteen to twenty longitudinal sinuous ridges, cross-linked in places ... | 1992 | 1421499 |
| [the spread of phlebotomus papatasi scop., 1786 through the territory of central asia and southern kazakhstan]. | the data on distribution of the main vector of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (zcl) phlebotomus papatasi through central asia and southern kazakhstan are presented. the highest indices of density of this species (100 and more specimen per stick trap) were observed only in the tejen oasis, rather high ones (1-10, 10-100) in the river valleys and at the foothill, and the lowest one (0.01-0.1)--over the desert territory where zcl was not practically found. using these data 2 maps were prepared. t ... | 1992 | 1435577 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis in south-western ethiopia: ocholo revisited. | the borough of ocholo, on the western side of the ethiopian rift valley, is an endemic focus for leishmania aethiopica infection and has been surveyed thrice between 1987 and 1990. in 1989, 3022 inhabitants (> 95% of the population) were interviewed and examined. the overall prevalence of localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (lcl) was 3.6-4.0%, with a peak value of 8.5% in the 0-10 years old age group. in half of the patients the active disease was estimated to last for 9.6 +/- 6 months; in 10%, it ... | 1992 | 1440773 |
| epidemic visceral leishmaniasis in southern sudan: identity and systematic position of the parasites from patients and vectors. | twenty-five strains of leishmania donovani isolated from humans and phlebotomus orientalis in an epidemic area of southern sudan were shown to belong to 3 very similar zymodemes: mon 18 (11 strains), mon 30 (1 strain) and mon 82 (13 strains). the 3 zymodemes are very closely related and seem to behave as a single population. | 1992 | 1440811 |
| [study of phlebotomus sandflies in syria]. | an entomological survey was carried out during 1986 in ten provinces of syria representative of the main natural areas of this country. 932 sandflies were caught with aspirators in domestic resting sites. captures are analysed for each species. | 1992 | 1446182 |
| simulation of arbovirus overwintering: survival of toscana virus (bunyaviridae:phlebovirus) in its natural sand fly vector phlebotomus perniciosus. | a series of experiments were done to study the effect of simulated summer and winter temperatures on the development of phlebotomus perniciosus (diptera:psychodidae) and on the survival of toscana virus in transovarially infected insects. sand flies maintained at 28 degrees c developed relatively fast, with adults emerging from 40 to 55 days after initial oviposition. similar results were obtained with insects reared at 25 degrees c. in contrast, sand flies maintained at 15 degrees c developed s ... | 1992 | 1449197 |
| differentiation of vector species of phlebotominae (diptera: psychodidae) in kenya by chorionic sculpturing of their eggs. | chorionic sculpturing on eggs of phlebotomus pedifer lewis, mutinga, and ashford; the closely related phlebotomus aculeatus lewis, minter, and ashford (= p. elegonensis ngoka, madel, and mutinga); and phlebotomus martini parrot was examined and compared by scanning electron microscopy. the eggs of p. pedifer had a general pattern of longitudinal ridges; those of p. aculeatus and p. martini exhibited intraspecific differences. chorionic patterns of eggs were not reliable to differentiate these sp ... | 1992 | 1460620 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis in kabul: observations on a 'prolonged epidemic'. | cutaneous leishmaniasis cases in kabul have increased steadily in number since the first report, in 1964. this increase is despite insecticide application in houses and intensive detection and treatment of cases. the age distribution of infection remains as it was in 1972, and approximates that of the afghan population. there is no evidence of accumulating immunity in the population. multiple lesions are infrequent, but commoner on older people, and tend to be located on the arms and legs rather ... | 1992 | 1463356 |
| identification of phlebotomine sandfly bloodmeals from baringo district, kenya, by direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). | direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used to identify the sources of bloodmeals in phlebotomine sandflies from baringo district, rift valley province, kenya. some bloodmeals had been stored for over 4 years before being analysed. among 356 sandflies identified, 62.9% were phlebotomus martini, 14.8% sergentomyia antennatus, 10% s.schwetzi, 6% s.clydei, 1.9% s.adleri, 1.6% p.duboscqi, 1.4% s.africanus and 0.8% s.bedfordi. out of 224 p.martini bloodmeals, host source was identified ... | 1992 | 1463906 |
| trans-beta-farnesene as a feeding stimulant for the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae). | the aphid alarm pheromone, trans-beta-farnesene (tbf), was found to stimulate feeding in both male and female lutzomyia longipalpis lutz & neiva. four other structurally related compounds (farnesol; 808 farnesene; trans, trans-farnesyl acetate; farnesyl methyl ether) were slightly less stimulating to these insects. the effect of tbf varied with sand fly age and the concentration of the chemical used. in contrast, tbf did not stimulate feeding in either sex of four other sand fly species (l. shan ... | 1992 | 1495034 |
| a brief note on phlebotomine sandflies in riyadh, saudi arabia. | a total of 294 specimens were collected and identified as three species of the genus phlebotomus and four species of the genus sergentomyia. of interest was the demonstration of promastigotes in the foregut of two females p. papatasi. | 1992 | 1500784 |
| refractory barriers in the sand fly phlebotomus papatasi (diptera: psychodidae) to infection with leishmania panamensis. | the life cycle of leishmania panamensis in phlebotomus papatasi was studied to characterize barriers limiting parasite colonization, differentiation, migration, and attachment in an unnatural sand fly host. the insects were fed a suspension of l. panamensis-infected macrophages and human erythrocytes, and were examined up to 16 days post-infection by light and electron microscopy. histologic examination of 401 flies showed the peritrophic membrane to be the first important barrier to parasite es ... | 1992 | 1539756 |
| experimental efficiency of phlebotomus papatasi in maintaining development of four species of leishmania. | experimental infections were carried out to evaluate the capability of 3 species of phlebotomus to acquire and allow development of 4 species of leishmania. the sand-flies were allowed to feed on infective blood by a membrane feeding technique and infected vertebrate hosts. the species of phlebotomus experimented with were p. papatasi (egyptian and indian strains), p. dubosqi (sinegal strain), and p. perniciosus (french strain). the species of leishmania used were l. tropica (afganistanian strai ... | 1992 | 1578171 |
| two successive years studies on phlebotomus papatasi in north sinai governorate, egypt. | no doubt, zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (zcl) is increasing in north sinai governorate. the causative agent, l. major was identified as well as two animal reservoir hosts, gerbillus pyramidum and meriones crassus. this paper was intended to study the seasonal abundance and the sex ratio of the suspected insect, phlebotomus papatasi as well as to search for natural infected in wild caught females. the c.d.c. miniature light traps were used for adult collections, dissection was used for demonst ... | 1992 | 1578184 |
| susceptibility of phlebotomus papatasi (diptera: psychodidae) to ddt in some foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis in iran. | the susceptibility of phlebotomus papatasi to ddt was studied in field surveys at localities in different areas of iran during 1985-88. in many parts of iran houses had been treated with ddt for malaria control (1950-68). tests were carried out in localities where the application of ddt had been discontinued since 1969. this investigation showed that p. papatasi from isfahan is more tolerant to ddt than flies from other areas, probably a manifestation of ddt resistance. | 1992 | 1583501 |
| sandfly fauna of domestic & para-domestic habitats in arid & semi-arid zones of rajasthan. | sandfly fauna of three districts of rajasthan representing arid and semi-arid environments are described. a total of 2,042 sandflies belonging to two genera and seven species were collected. the arid district of bikaner with irrigational development (by means of canal) showed considerably higher density of species phlebotomus papatasi (16.5 pmh) as compared to jodhpur district (1.0 pmh). the species encountered were ph. papatasi, ph. sergenti, sergentomyia punjabensis, s. babu babu, s. clydei, s ... | 1992 | 1601477 |
| ten years of kala-azar in west bengal, part i. did post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis initiate the outbreak in 24-parganas? | following resurgence in bihar of epidemic kala-azar, outbreaks of the disease were identified simultaneously in two separate foci about 500 km apart in west bengal in 1980. while the outbreak in one of these foci, in northern west bengal, was the result of a direct extension of the bihar epidemic, the source of parasite in the other (in the village of bandipur in the south of west bengal) remained unknown until a case of nodulo-ulcerative post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (pkdl) was located in ... | 1992 | 1638662 |
| [isolation of leishmania major in phlebotomus papatasi in biskra (algeria). the end of an ecoepidemiological saga]. | out of 1,167 females of sandflies dissected, one specimen of phlebotomus papatasi captured at a transmission site near biskra, a well known algerian focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis, was found naturally infected with leishmania major zymodeme mon-25. this supports classical observations of sergent and al. p. papatasi as vector in this focus in 1921. | 1992 | 1642393 |
| [a natural focus of sandfly fever in the republic of afghanistan]. | the serological study of persons contacting dengue-like fever in 1987 in afghanistan (in rukha, parwān province) revealed that in 74% of cases an increase in the titers of antibodies to sicilian and neapolitan sandfly [correction of mosquito-borne] fever viruses was registered. considering that such diseases appeared here for a number of years and were linked in time with the activity of sandflies [correction of mosquitoes] of the species phlebotomus papatasii, the suggestion was made on the exi ... | 1991 | 1651638 |
| the use of dna hybridization for the detection of leishmania aethiopica in naturally infected sandfly vectors. | hybridization with kinetoplast deoxyribonucleic acid (kdna) probes was used to detect leishmania aethiopica in naturally infected sandflies in south-west ethiopia, an endemic area for cutaneous leishmaniasis. 396 sandflies were dissected; microscopy revealed flagellates in the midgut of 5 phlebotomus pedifer. the infecting flagellates were confirmed as l. aethiopica by isoenzyme typing. gut specimens for all dissected sandflies were hybridized with total l. aethiopica kdna as well as with a clon ... | 1991 | 1664149 |
| chitinase secreted by leishmania functions in the sandfly vector. | leishmania major parasites ingested with host blood by the sandfly phlebotomus papatasi multiply confined within the peritrophic membrane. this membrane consists of a chitin framework and a protein carbohydrate matrix and it is secreted around the food by the insect midgut. histological sections of infected flies show lysis of the chitin layer in the anterior region of the peritrophic membrane that permits the essential forward migration of a concentrated mass of parasites. both the location and ... | 1991 | 1682935 |
| retrotransposons and evolution in phlebotomines. | the polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify a segment of the reverse transcriptase (rt) gene of putative retrotransposons from phlebotomus (larroussius) perniciosus, p. (l.) perfiliewi, p. (phlebotomus) papatasi and lutzomyia (lutzomyia) longipalpis. based on amino acid sequence comparisons with known rt genes, the amplified products of these species were shown to be derived from non-ltr retrotransposons related to the f element of drosophila melanogaster. the usefulness of this technique ... | 1991 | 1726736 |
| [leishmania tropica in morocco. iv--intrafocal enzyme diversity]. | ecoepidemiological analysis of a moroccan focus of leishmaniasis caused by leishmania tropica revealed considerable enzymatic diversity. seven zymodemes belonging to the complex were identified in 149 strains isolated from humans, dogs, and the vector phlebotomus sergenti. three distinct subgroups were identifiable, two of which were in turn, composed of three "small variant" zymodemes. the diversity appears to be related to the age of the focus, which may have allowed colonization by zymodemes ... | 1991 | 1776781 |
| [leishmania tropica in morocco. iii--the vector of phlebotomus sergenti. apropos of 89 isolates]. | in a moroccan focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania tropica, 7,907 female sandflies captured with cdc traps were dissected from summer to autumn 1989. among species of the genus phlebotomus, only p. sergenti harbored promastigotes. eighty-nine strains belonging to the complex l. tropica were isolated. the frequency of vector infection was zero in june, rose to 1.3% in august, and reached 9.9% in october, which indicates that the period of high risk is at the end of the hot season ... | 1991 | 1776784 |
| host preference pattern of phlebotomine sandflies of bikaner city. | host preference pattern of phlebotomine sandflies was ascertained using the precipitin test. engorged sandflies from endemic localities revealed that out of 126 blood meals 88.8 per cent were human blood, 7.3 per cent bovine blood and 3.9 per cent mixed for both human and bovine. four of five sergentomyia babu were positive for human blood and the remaining one for bovine. two s. baghdadis collected had only human blood, of two s. punjabensis collected, one had human blood. mixed human and bovin ... | 1991 | 1778622 |
| isolation and characterization of leishmania major from phlebotomus papatasi and military personnel in north sinai, egypt. | | 1991 | 1780981 |