| an unusual symbiont from the gut of surgeonfishes may be the largest known prokaryote. | symbionts first reported from the gut of a red sea surgeonfish, acanthurus nigrofuscus (family acanthuridae), were subsequently described as epulopiscium fishelsoni. the taxonomic position of this very large (up to 576 microns in length) microorganism has previously been designated in the literature as either uncertain or eukaryotic. we suggest that similar symbionts from great barrier reef surgeonfish may be prokaryotes, which together with e. fishelsoni from the red sea may represent the large ... | 1991 | 1885516 |
| the largest bacterium. | the large, morphologically peculiar microorganism epulopiscium fishelsoni inhabits the intestinal tract of acanthurus nigrofuscus, a brown surgeonfish (family acanthuridae) from the red sea. similar microorganisms have been found in surgeonfish species from the great barrier reef. as these microorganisms have only been seen in surgeonfish and no free-living forms have been found, they are considered to be specific symbionts of surgeonfish, although the nature of the symbiosis is unclear. initial ... | 1993 | 8459849 |
| gigantism in a bacterium, epulopiscium fishelsoni, correlates with complex patterns in arrangement, quantity, and segregation of dna. | epulopiscium fishelsoni, gut symbiont of the brown surgeonfish (acanthurus nigrofuscus) in the red sea, attains a larger size than any other eubacterium, varies 10- to 20-fold in length (and >2, 000-fold in volume), and undergoes a complex daily life cycle. in early morning, nucleoids contain highly condensed dna in elongate, chromosome-like structures which are physically separated from the general cytoplasm. cell division involves production of two (rarely three) nucleoids within a cell, depos ... | 1998 | 9791108 |
| export pumps in epulopiscium fishelsoni, the symbiotic giant gut bacterium in acanthurus nigrofuscus. | activity of the potential antixenobiotic efflux pumps of epulopiscium fishelsoni (epulos), the symbiotic giant gut bacterium of the algivorous surgeonfish acanthurus nigrofuscus, was studied in vivo using various specific substrates and microfluorometry. kinetic and inhibitor analyses revealed the following vital efflux activities: (1) verapamil-sensitive efflux of amphiphilic cationic compounds rhodamine b, hoechst 33342, and ethidium bromide; (2) verapamil-sensitive efflux of hydrophobic neutr ... | 2006 | 16534627 |
| two new species of haliotrema (monogenoidea: dactylogyridae) from acanthurus nigrofuscus and acanthurus olivaceus (teleostei: acanthuridae) in the south china sea. | haliotrema leporinus n. sp. and haliotrema pratasensis n. sp. are described from the gills of surgeonfishes (acanthuridae) off the pratas islands in the south china sea. haliotrema leporinus n. sp. differs from all other members of the genus by possessing a rabbit-head-shaped sclerotized piece in the haptor. haliotrema pratasensis n. sp. differs from its congeners by having a copulatory organ with a clockwise coil and a funnel-shaped base and by lacking an accessory piece. | 2007 | 17918356 |
| the effects of algal turf sediments and organic loads on feeding by coral reef surgeonfishes. | herbivorous and detritivorous fishes interact closely with the epilithic algal matrix (eam) on coral reefs. while sediment and organic detrital loads within the eam might influence this interaction, the responses of functionally distinct fishes to changing sediment and organic loads have not been investigated. aquarium based feeding trials were performed to assess how different sediment and organic loads affected feeding by the highly abundant surgeonfishes, ctenochaetus striatus, a detritivore, ... | 2017 | 28046102 |
| phylogenetic diversity, distribution, and cophylogeny of giant bacteria (epulopiscium) with their surgeonfish hosts in the red sea. | epulopiscium is a group of giant bacteria found in high abundance in intestinal tracts of herbivorous surgeonfish. despite their peculiarly large cell size (can be up to 600 μm), extreme polyploidy (some with over 100,000 genome copies per cell) and viviparity (whereby mother cells produce live offspring), details about their diversity, distribution or their role in the host gut are lacking. previous studies have highlighted the existence of morphologically distinct epulopiscium cell types (defi ... | 2016 | 27014209 |
| two new species of haliotrema johnston & tiegs, 1922 (monogenea: dactylogyridae) from acanthurus nigrofuscus (forsskål) and a. triostegus (linnaeus) (teleostei: acanthuridae) in the south china sea. | haliotrema nanhaiense n. sp. and haliotrema triostegum n. sp. are described respectively from the gills of acanthurus nigrofuscus (forsskål) and acanthurus triostegus (linnaeus) in the south china sea. haliotrema nanhaiense n. sp. differs from other existing congeneric species by its male copulatory complex, comprising a c-shaped copulatory tube, a saucer-shaped base and a sickle-shaped accessory piece. haliotrema triostegum n. sp. can be differentiated from all other members of haliotrema by ha ... | 2015 | 26063302 |
| dual roles of an algal farming damselfish as a cultivator and opportunistic browser of an invasive seaweed. | herbivory is a fundamental process determining reef resilience, and while algal farming damselfishes can help shape benthic assemblages, an understanding of their contribution to areas outside of defended territories is relatively unexplored. here, we demonstrate how the farming damselfish stegastes marginatus plays a dual role in benthic structuring by 1) contributing to persistence of the invasive macroalga acanthophora spicifera within a hawaiian marine protected area, where the macroalga occ ... | 2014 | 25329385 |
| relationship between roving behaviour and the diet and client composition of the cleaner fish labroides bicolor. | diet analyses and observations of cleaning behaviour of two cleaner fishes revealed that labroides bicolor fed more on client mucus, but labroides dimidiatus fed more on ectoparasites, and that l. bicolor interacted with fewer species (36 species) compared with l. dimidiatus (44 species). the client species which contributed most to the dissimilarity between cleaner species were the dusky farmerfish stegastes nigricans and bicolor chromis chromis margaritifer damselfishes, which l. dimidiatus in ... | 2012 | 22747814 |
| species of haliotrema johnston & tiegs, 1922 (monogenea: dactylogyridae) from zanclus cornutus (l.) (teleostei: zanclidae) and acanthurus nigrofuscus (forsskål) (teleostei: acanthuridae) in the south china sea. | four species of haliotrema johnston & tiegs, 1922, including three new taxa, are described from the gills of two species of coral reef fishes, zanclus cornutus (linnaeus) and acanthurus nigrofuscus (forsskål), off the dongsha islands in the south china sea. haliotrema dongshaense n. sp., from z. cornutus, is differentiated from other existing congeneric species by its peculiar male copulatory organ, comprising a harp-shaped copulatory tube and a cup-shaped base, and two groups of short longitudi ... | 2011 | 21643898 |
| not all larvae stay close to home: insights into marine population connectivity with a focus on the brown surgeonfish (acanthurus nigrofuscus). | recent reports of localized larval recruitment in predominately small-range fishes are countered by studies that show high genetic connectivity across large oceanic distances. this discrepancy may result from the different timescales over which genetic and demographic processes operate or rather may indicate regular long-distance dispersal in some species. here, we contribute an analysis of mtdna cytochrome b diversity in the widely distributed brown surgeonfish (acanthurus nigrofuscus; n = 560) ... | 2011 | 25505914 |